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Gu LF, Chen JQ, Lin QY, Yang YZ. Roles of mitochondrial unfolded protein response in mammalian stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:737-752. [PMID: 34367475 PMCID: PMC8316864 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is an evolutionarily conserved adaptive mechanism for improving cell survival under mitochondrial stress. Under physiological and pathological conditions, the UPRmt is the key to maintaining intracellular homeostasis and proteostasis. Important roles of the UPRmt have been demonstrated in a variety of cell types and in cell development, metabolism, and immune processes. UPRmt dysfunction leads to a variety of pathologies, including cancer, inflammation, neurodegenerative disease, metabolic disease, and immune disease. Stem cells have a special ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of somatic cells and have been shown to exist in a variety of tissues. These cells are involved in development, tissue renewal, and some disease processes. Although the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the UPRmt in somatic cells have been widely reported, the roles of the UPRmt in stem cells are not fully understood. The roles and functions of the UPRmt depend on stem cell type. Therefore, this paper summarizes the potential significance of the UPRmt in embryonic stem cells, tissue stem cells, tumor stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. The purpose of this review is to provide new insights into stem cell differentiation and tumor pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jia-Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qing-Yin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan-Zhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750001, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China,
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Feng B, Niu H, Zhai H, Shen C, Zhang H. In-situ hydrophobic environment triggering reactive fluorescence probe to real-time monitor mitochondrial DNA damage. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2063-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Al-Jaroudi D, Enabi S, AlThagafi MS. Perrault syndrome with amenorrhea, infertility, Tarlov cyst, and degenerative disc. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:1037-1039. [PMID: 31274036 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1637407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Perrault syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects both males and females. The syndrome causes deafness in males, however females display gonadal dysgenesis along with sensorineural hearing loss. Herein, we present a 27-year-old female patient who is deaf and mute along with primary amenorrhea. Hormonal assays revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and the karyotype was 46 XX. Pelvic ultrasound described a hypoplastic uterus and streak ovaries. MRI of the spine showed degenerative discs and Tarlov cysts. Whole exome sequencing identified a LARS2 mutation and the patient was diagnosed with Perrault syndrome type four (PRLTS4).
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amenorrhea/genetics
- Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases/genetics
- Deafness/genetics
- Female
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX/diagnosis
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX/genetics
- Gonadal Dysgenesis, 46,XX/physiopathology
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/genetics
- Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/physiopathology
- Humans
- Hypogonadism/genetics
- Infertility, Female/genetics
- Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/diagnostic imaging
- Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/genetics
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Tarlov Cysts/diagnostic imaging
- Tarlov Cysts/genetics
- Ultrasonography
- Uterus/diagnostic imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Al-Jaroudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Reproductive Endocrine and Infertility Medicine Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saed Enabi
- Suliaman Al-Rajhi College, Al-Qasseem, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Sameer AlThagafi
- Saudi Diagnostic Lab Molecular Diagnostic, King Faisal Specialist Hospital International, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Human Genome Lab at King Fahad Medical City (KFMC), National Genomics Center, Life Science and Environmental Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pathology Department, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Gao F, Li L, Fan J, Cao J, Li Y, Chen L, Peng X. An Off–On Two-Photon Carbazole-Based Fluorescent Probe: Highly Targeting and Super-Resolution Imaging of mtDNA. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3336-3341. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liuju Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianfang Cao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, 169 Shiying Road, 121001 Jinzhou, China
| | | | - Liangyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology in Shenzhen, Gaoxin South fourth Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Shen Y, Shao T, Fang B, Du W, Zhang M, Liu J, Liu T, Tian X, Zhang Q, Wang A, Yang J, Wu J, Tian Y. Visualization of mitochondrial DNA in living cells with super-resolution microscopy using thiophene-based terpyridine Zn(ii) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11288-11291. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The thiophene-based terpyridine Zn(ii) complex LC targeted mitochondria by intercalative binding with mtDNA. STED super-resolution micrographs visualized mitochondrial cristae/inner matrix mtDNA.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE We identified a missense mutation, m.11778G>A (p.R340H), in the mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 4 gene (ND4) in eight patients and three asymptomatic carriers, even though the incidence of this has been considered low in Chinese population. These results have implications for the families' genetic counseling and clinical management. PURPOSE Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON OMIM 535000) is one of the most common inherited optic neuropathies. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic cause in two Han Chinese families with LHON. METHODS We used Sanger sequencing to identify the genetic cause of two Han Chinese families from Hunan, China, with LHON. RESULTS The patients in these two families presented with typical LHON, with male patients experiencing more severe phenotypes. A missense mutation, m.11778G>A (p.R340H), in the ND4 gene was identified in eight patients and three asymptomatic carriers, even though the incidence of this has been considered low in Chinese population. CONCLUSIONS Eight of 11 family members (72.7%) manifested some vision loss, which is far higher percentage than reported in other studies. The variant is predicted to be the disease-causing mutation and results in seriously abnormal function of complex I subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. These results have implications for the families' genetic counseling and clinical management and help to develop new LHON target-gene therapy strategies.
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Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is multiorgan not mono-organ. Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:2187-2190. [PMID: 27843288 PMCID: PMC5098596 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s120197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder with bilateral loss of central vision primarily due to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in subunits of complex I in the respiratory chain (primary LHON mutations), while other mtDNA mutations can also be causative. Since the first description, it is known that LHON is not restricted to the eyes but is a multisystem disorder additionally involving the central nervous system, ears, endocrinological organs, heart, bone marrow, arteries, kidneys, or the peripheral nervous system. Multisystem involvement may start before or after the onset of visual impairment. Involvement of organs other than the eyes may be subclinical depending on age, ethnicity, and possibly the heteroplasmy rate of the responsible primary LHON mutation. Primary LHON mutations may rarely manifest without ocular compromise but with arterial hypertension, various neurodegenerative diseases, or Leigh syndrome. Patients with LHON need to be closely followed up to detect at which point organs other than the eyes become affected. Multiorgan disease in LHON often responds more favorably to symptomatic treatment than the ocular compromise.
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Lerat J, Jonard L, Loundon N, Christin-Maitre S, Lacombe D, Goizet C, Rouzier C, Van Maldergem L, Gherbi S, Garabedian EN, Bonnefont JP, Touraine P, Mosnier I, Munnich A, Denoyelle F, Marlin S. An Application of NGS for Molecular Investigations in Perrault Syndrome: Study of 14 Families and Review of the Literature. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:1354-1362. [PMID: 27650058 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Perrault syndrome (PS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by deafness and gonadic dysgenesis. Recently, mutations in five genes have been identified: C10orf2, CLPP, HARS2, HSD17B4, and LARS2. Probands included are presented with sensorineural deafness associated with gonadic dysgenesis. DNA was sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a panel of 35 deafness genes including the five Perrault genes. Exonic variations known as pathogenic mutations or detected with <1% frequency in public databases were extracted and subjected to segregation analysis within each family. Both mutations and low coverage regions were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Fourteen female index patients were included. The screening in four cases has been extended to four family members presenting with PS phenotype. For four unrelated patients (28.6%), causative mutations were identified: three homozygous mutations in C10orf2, CLPP, and HARS2, and one compound heterozygous mutation in LARS2. Three additional heterozygous mutations in LARS2 and HSD17B4 were found in three independent familial cases. All these missense mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing. Familial segregation analyses confirmed the molecular diagnosis in all cases carrying biallelic mutations. Because of NGS, molecular analysis confirmed the clinical diagnosis of PS in 28.6% of our cohort and four novel mutations were found in four Perrault genes. For the unsolved cases, exome sequencing should be performed to search for a sixth unknown PS gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lerat
- Otorhinolaryngologie et chirurgie cervico-faciale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Laurence Jonard
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Natalie Loundon
- Otorhinolaryngologie pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - Didier Lacombe
- Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Rouzier
- Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôpital l'Archet, Nice, France
| | - Lionel Van Maldergem
- Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Hôpital Saint Jacques, Besançon, France
| | - Souad Gherbi
- Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Eréa-Nöel Garabedian
- Otorhinolaryngologie pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Bonnefont
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Endocrinologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpétrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Mosnier
- Otorhinolaryngologie et chirurgie cervico-faciale, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpétrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Denoyelle
- Otorhinolaryngologie pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Marlin
- Génétique Médicale, Centre de Référence des Surdités Génétiques, Hôpital Necker, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies many human disorders, including those that affect the visual system. The retinal ganglion cells, whose axons form the optic nerve, are often damaged by mitochondrial-related diseases which result in blindness. Both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear gene mutations impacting many different mitochondrial processes can result in optic nerve disease. Of particular importance are mutations that impair mitochondrial network dynamics (fusion and fission), oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), and formation of iron-sulfur complexes. Current genetic knowledge can inform genetic counseling and suggest strategies for novel gene-based therapies. Identifying new optic neuropathy-causing genes and defining the role of current and novel genes in disease will be important steps toward the development of effective and potentially neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janey L Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02114;
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Sampathkumar G, Veerasigamani N. Perrault syndrome - a rare case report. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:OD01-2. [PMID: 25954653 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/10992.5641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Perrault syndrome is a rare disease comprising pure gonadal dysgenesis (46 XX) and sensorineural hearing loss in females and deafness alone in affected males. It is an autosomal recessive disorder. Over the years many additional features like marfanoid habitus and central nervous system findings have also been reported. Herein we report a case of sporadic Perrault syndrome in 18-year-old female who presented to our hospital with deaf mutism and primary amenorrhoea. On evaluation, the patient had hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, streak gonads and a normal karyotype (46 XX). Audiologic evaluation showed sensorineural deafness. The patient was started on hormone replacement therapy. She is on regular follow up. We present this case for its infrequent incidence and also to add to the ever expanding clinical spectrum of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethalakshmi Sampathkumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of General Medicine, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College, Puducherry, Formerly Junior Resident, Government Stanley Medical College Hospital , Chennai, India
| | - Narendrakumar Veerasigamani
- Formerly Junior Resident, Department of ENT, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital , Chennai, India
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QIAO CHEN, WEI TANWEI, HU BO, PENG CHUNYAN, QIU XUEPING, WEI LI, YAN MING. Two families with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy carrying G11778A and T14502C mutations with haplogroup H2a2a1 in mitochondrial DNA. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3067-72. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dimitriadis K, Leonhardt M, Yu-Wai-Man P, Kirkman MA, Korsten A, De Coo IF, Chinnery PF, Klopstock T. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with late disease onset: clinical and molecular characteristics of 20 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:158. [PMID: 25338955 PMCID: PMC4212093 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial disease that typically causes bilateral blindness in young men. Here we describe the clinical and molecular characteristics of 20 patients with disease onset after the age of 50 years (late onset-LHON). METHODS From a cohort of 251 affected and 277 unaffected LHON carriers, we identified 20 patients with onset of visual loss after the age of 50 years. Using structured questionnaires, data including basic demographic details, age of onset, progression of visual loss and severity as well as exposure to possible environmental triggers including alcohol, smoking and illicit drugs were retrospectively collected. Groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney-U-Test for two independent groups of sampled data. RESULTS The proportion of late onset-LHON in our cohort was 8% (20 patients, 15 males, 5 females). The mtDNA mutations m.11778G > A and m.3460G > A were found in 16 and 4 patients, respectively. Among 89 asymptomatic carriers above the age of 50 years (28 males, 61 females), the mtDNA mutations m.11778G > A, m.3460G > A and m.14484 T > C were found in 60, 12 and 17 carriers, respectively. Late onset-LHON patients had significantly higher mean cumulative tobacco and alcohol consumption compared with unaffected carriers. However, there was no significant difference between late onset- and typical LHON patients with regard to daily tobacco and weekly alcohol consumption before disease onset. CONCLUSION As already shown for typical LHON, alcohol consumption and smoking are important trigger factors also for the late manifestation. LHON should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subacute blindness even in older patients.
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Abstract
This review is intended to summarize the current knowledge from basic science and clinical medical literature cited within PubMed that pertain to gender-related factors and affect those individuals with hereditary ocular disorders. We consider gender-related biological factors that (a) affect disease onset and progression, (b) gender differences for major X-linked ocular disorders, (c) gender-specific conditions, (d) medications that may influence genetic eye disorders, and finally, (e) gender-related issues that influence the management and quality of life of these patients. Several studies have demonstrated the manner in which sex-related hormones in animal models are capable of influencing cell pathway and survival that are likely to affect hereditary eye disorders. There are very few clinical studies that provide compelling evidence for gender differences in human ocular conditions, other than for a number of X-linked disorders. Disease expression for X-linked disorders may be impacted by genetic mechanisms such as lyonization or uniparental disomy. Clinical evidence regarding the impact of gender-related medical conditions and therapies on eye conditions is extremely limited and primarily based on anecdotal evidence. Gender-specific factors may play a major role in the underlying biological pathways that influence the onset, rate of progression, and clinical findings associated with ocular genetic conditions. Clinicians need to be aware of the variable phenotypes observed in female carriers of X-linked disorders of gender specific issues, many of which are inadequately addressed in the current literature. Clinicians need to be sensitive to gender differences in social, cultural, and religious systems and they should also be aware of how their own gender biases may influence how they counsel patients. Finally, it is clear that the lack of effective clinical studies in this area creates an opportunity for future research that will have real benefits for these patients.
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