1
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Mao S. Emerging role and the signaling pathways of uncoupling protein 2 in kidney diseases. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2381604. [PMID: 39090967 PMCID: PMC11299446 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2381604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was involved in the pathogenesis and development of kidney diseases. Many signaling pathways and factors regulate the expression of UCP2. We aimed to investigate the precise role of UCP2 and its signaling pathways in kidney diseases. METHODS We summarized the available evidence to yield a more detailed conclusion of the signal transduction pathways of UCP2 and its role in the development and progression of kidney diseases. RESULTS UCP2 could interact with 14.3.3 family proteins, mitochondrial phospholipase iPLA2γ, NMDAR, glucokinase, PPARγ2. There existed a signaling pathway between UCP2 and NMDAR, PPARγ. UCP2 can inhibit the ROS production, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, which may protect against renal injury, particularly AKI. Meanwhile UCP2 can decrease ATP production and inhibit the secretion of insulin, which may alleviate chronic renal damages, such as diabetic nephropathy and kidney fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Homeostasis of UCP2 is helpful for kidney health. UCP2 may play different roles in different kinds of renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Agni MB, Hegde PS, Rai P, Sadananda M, K M DG. Astaxanthin and DHA Supplementation Modulates the Maternal Undernutrition-induced Impairment of Cognitive Behavior and Synaptic Plasticity in Adult Life of Offspring's -Exploring the Molecular Mechanism. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04147-y. [PMID: 38578356 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Maternal nutrition was recognized as a significant part of brain growth and maturation in most mammalian species. Timely intervention with suitable nutraceuticals would provide long-term health benefits. We aim to unravel the molecular mechanisms of perinatal undernutrition-induced impairments in cognition and synaptic plasticity, employing animal model based on dietary nutraceutical supplementation. We treated undernourished dams at their gestational, lactational, and at both the time point with Astaxanthin (AsX) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and their pups were used as experimental animals. We evaluated the cognitive function by subjecting the pups to behavioral tests in their adult life. In addition, we assessed the expression of genes in the hippocampus related to cognitive function and synaptic plasticity. Our results showed downregulation of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), cAMP response-element-binding protein (CREB), and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) gene expression in pups born to undernourished dams in their adult life, which AsX and DHA modulated. Maternal AsX and DHA supplementation ameliorated the undernutrition-induced learning impairment in novel object recognition (NOR) tests and partially baited radial arm maze (RAM) tasks in offspring's. The expressions of Synapsin-1 and PSD-95 decreased in perinatally undernourished groups compared to control and AsX-DHA treated groups at CA1, CA2, CA3, and DG. AsX and DHA supplementation upregulated BDNF, NT-3, CREB, and UCP2 gene expressions in perinatally undernourished rats, which are involved in intracellular signaling cascades like Ras, PI3K, and PLC. The results of our study give new insights into neuronal differentiation, survival, and plasticity, indicating that the perinatal period is the critical time for reversing maternal undernutrition-induced cognitive impairment in offspring's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Bhat Agni
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Physiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Pramukh Subrahmanya Hegde
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Physiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Praveen Rai
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Infectious Diseases & Microbial Genomics, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Monika Sadananda
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, Karnataka, India
| | - Damodara Gowda K M
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Department of Physiology, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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3
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Li N, Deng J, Zhang J, Yu F, Ye F, Hao L, Li S, Hu X. A New Strategy for Targeting UCP2 to Modulate Glycolytic Reprogramming as a Treatment for Sepsis A New Strategy for Targeting UCP2. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-01998-4. [PMID: 38429403 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe and life-threatening disease caused by infection, characterized by a dysregulated immune response. Unfortunately, effective treatment strategies for sepsis are still lacking. The intricate interplay between metabolism and the immune system limits the treatment options for sepsis. During sepsis, there is a profound shift in cellular energy metabolism, which triggers a metabolic reprogramming of immune cells. This metabolic alteration impairs immune responses, giving rise to excessive inflammation and immune suppression. Recent research has demonstrated that UCP2 not only serves as a critical target in sepsis but also functions as a key metabolic switch involved in immune cell-mediated inflammatory responses. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying this modulation are complex. This article focuses on UCP2 as a target and discusses metabolic reprogramming during sepsis and the complex regulatory mechanisms between different stages of inflammation. Our research indicates that overexpression of UCP2 reduces the Warburg effect, restores mitochondrial function, and improves the prognosis of sepsis. This discovery aims to provide a promising approach to address the significant challenges associated with metabolic dysfunction and immune paralysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanghang Ye
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Hao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenghao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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4
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Yin C, Qin R, Ma Z, Li F, Liu J, Liu H, Shu G, Xiong H, Jiang Q. Oxaloacetic acid induces muscle energy substrate depletion and fatigue by JNK-mediated mitochondrial uncoupling. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23373. [PMID: 38217376 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301796r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Fatigue is a common phenomenon closely related to physical discomfort and numerous diseases, which is severely threatening the life quality and health of people. However, the exact mechanisms underlying fatigue are not fully characterized. Herein, we demonstrate that oxaloacetic acid (OAA), a crucial tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate, modulates the muscle fatigue. The results showed that serum OAA level was positively correlated with fatigue state of mice. OAA-treated induced muscle fatigue impaired the exercise performance of mice. Mechanistically, OAA increased the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) levels in skeletal muscle, which led to decreased energy substrate and enhanced glycolysis. On the other hand, OAA boosted muscle mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupled with energy production. In addition, either UCP2 knockout or JNK inhibition totally reversed the effects of OAA on skeletal muscle. Therein, JNK mediated UCP2 activation with OAA-treated. Our studies reveal a novel role of OAA in skeletal muscle metabolism, which would shed light on the mechanism of muscle fatigue and weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zewei Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hairong Xiong
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, Key Laboratory of State Ethnic Affairs Commission for Biological Technology, College of Life Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Lee SB, Jo MK, Moon JE, Lee HJ, Kim JK. Relationship between Handgrip Strength and Incident Diabetes in Korean Adults According to Gender: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:627. [PMID: 38276133 PMCID: PMC10816212 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known disease that causes comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is necessary to develop diagnostic tools to prevent DM. Handgrip strength, a known diagnostic tool for sarcopenia, is a predictor of several diseases. However, the value of handgrip strength as an indicator of incident DM in Asian populations remains unknown. This study aimed to identify the relationship between handgrip strength and incidence of DM in Korean adults according to sex. (2) Methods: A total of 173,195 participants registered in a nationwide cohort were included in this study. After applying the exclusion criteria, 33,326 participants remained. DM occurred in 1473 individuals during the follow-up period (mean follow-up period, 4.1 years). To reduce the impact of body size, the study population was subdivided into quartiles of relative handgrip strength, defined as absolute handgrip strength divided by body mass index. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the relative handgrip strength was inversely associated with new-onset DM. (3) Results: Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1), the hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] for new-onset DM for the highest quartiles (Q4) was 0.60 (0.43-0.84) in men and 0.72 (0.52-0.99) in women after adjusting for confounding factors. The incidence of DM decreased with the increase in the relative handgrip strength. These inverse relationships were statistically more significant in men than in women. (4) Conclusions: This novel study revealed that relative handgrip strength is related to incident DM in both men and women. Relative handgrip strength can be used as a practical tool to prevent DM. Regular measurement of handgrip strength can be used to detect DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bum Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 22972, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.L.); (M.-K.J.); (H.-J.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyeung Jo
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 22972, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.L.); (M.-K.J.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Ji-Eun Moon
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Trial Centre, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hui-Jeong Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon 22972, Republic of Korea; (S.-B.L.); (M.-K.J.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Jong-Koo Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Global Health Care and Development, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea
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6
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Hou S, Ma J, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Wang G, Jia A, Wang H, Sun J, Yan Y. DON induced DNA damage triggers absence of p53-mediated G2 arrest and apoptosis in IPEC-1 cells. Toxicology 2024; 501:153707. [PMID: 38104654 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) stands among the prevalent mycotoxins, and usually contaminates cereal foods and animal feed, leading to human and animal clinical poisoning symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. To date, the mechanism of toxicity of DON in different mammalian cells is not fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the detrimental impacts of DON on porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1), serving as a representative model for porcine intestinal epithelial cells. After treating cells with DON for 24 h, DON can significantly inhibit the activity of cells, induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), significantly reduce the content of glutathione and the activity of catalase, and increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde, leading to an imbalance in intracellular redox status. In addition, DON can induce DNA double-strand breaks, and decrease mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, DON can promote the release of Cyt C through changes in mitochondrial permeability through inhibit the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) proteins, leading to apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. On the other hand, we found that DON can cause IPEC-1 cells G2 phase cycle arrest. Different with our pervious study, DON induces cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase only by activating the ATM-Chk2-Cdc 25 C pathway, but cannot regulate the cell cycle arrest via the ATM-p53 pathway. These results indicate that DON can induce the same toxic phenotype in different cells, but its toxic mechanism is different. All these provide a rationale for revealing DON induced cytotoxicity and intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Hou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Demonstration Center of Food Quality and Safety Testing Technology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jingjiao Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Guangdong Haid Group Co. Limited., Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Aiqing Jia
- Guangdong Haid Group Co. Limited., Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Hengan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yaxian Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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7
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van der Meer R, Mohamed SA, Monpellier VM, Liem RSL, Hazebroek EJ, Franks PW, Frayling TM, Janssen IMC, Serlie MJ. Genetic variants associated with weight loss and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13626. [PMID: 37632325 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The extent to which genetic variations contribute to interindividual differences in weight loss and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery is unknown. Identifying genetic variants that impact surgery outcomes may contribute to clinical decision making. This review evaluates current evidence addressing the association of genetic variants with weight loss and changes in metabolic parameters after bariatric surgery. A search was conducted using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Fifty-two eligible studies were identified. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at ADIPOQ (rs226729, rs1501299, rs3774261, and rs17300539) showed a positive association with postoperative change in measures of glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles (n = 4), but not with weight loss after surgery (n = 6). SNPs at FTO (rs11075986, rs16952482, rs8050136, rs9939609, rs9930506, and rs16945088) (n = 10) and MC4R (rs11152213, rs476828, rs2229616, rs9947255, rs17773430, rs5282087, and rs17782313) (n = 9) were inconsistently associated with weight loss and metabolic improvement. Four studies examining the UCP2 SNP rs660339 reported associations with postsurgical weight loss. In summary, there is limited evidence supporting a role for specific genetic variants in surgical outcomes after bariatric surgery. Most studies have adopted a candidate gene approach, limiting the scope for discovery, suggesting that the absence of compelling evidence is not evidence of absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieneke van der Meer
- Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek, Huis ter Heide, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siham A Mohamed
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Ronald S L Liem
- Department of Surgery, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, The Netherlands
- Nederlandse Obesitas Kliniek, The Hague and Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Hazebroek
- Department of Surgery, Rijnstate Hospital/Vitalys Clinics, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Navasardyan I, Yeganyan S, Nguyen H, Vaghashia P, Subbian S, Venketaraman V. Role of Oxidative Stress in Tuberculosis Meningitis Infection in Diabetics. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2568. [PMID: 37761009 PMCID: PMC10526095 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) is a result of the invasion of the meninges with the bacilli of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), leading to inflammation of the meninges around the brain or spinal cord. Oxidative stress occurs when the body's cells become overwhelmed with free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of TBM due to their toxic nature, resulting in impairment of the body's ability to fight off infection. ROS damages the endothelial cells and impairs the defense mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which contributes to CNS susceptibility to the bacteria causing TBM. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common condition that is characterized by the impairment of the hormone insulin, which is responsible for modulating blood glucose levels. The increased availability of glucose in individuals with diabetes results in increased cellular activity and metabolism, leading to heightened ROS production and, in turn, increased susceptibility to TBM. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of oxidative stress and its role in both TBM and DM. We further discuss how increased oxidative stress in DM can contribute to the likelihood of developing TBM and potential therapeutic approaches that may be of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inesa Navasardyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (I.N.); (S.Y.); (H.N.); (P.V.)
| | - Stephanie Yeganyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (I.N.); (S.Y.); (H.N.); (P.V.)
| | - Helena Nguyen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (I.N.); (S.Y.); (H.N.); (P.V.)
| | - Payal Vaghashia
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (I.N.); (S.Y.); (H.N.); (P.V.)
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA;
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (I.N.); (S.Y.); (H.N.); (P.V.)
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9
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Caturano A, D’Angelo M, Mormone A, Russo V, Mollica MP, Salvatore T, Galiero R, Rinaldi L, Vetrano E, Marfella R, Monda M, Giordano A, Sasso FC. Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Impacts from Pathogenesis to Lifestyle Modifications. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6651-6666. [PMID: 37623239 PMCID: PMC10453126 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a critical factor in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes and its associated complications. The imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body's antioxidant defence mechanisms leads to cellular damage and dysfunction. In diabetes, chronic hyperglycaemia and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to increased ROS production, further exacerbating oxidative stress. This oxidative burden adversely affects various aspects of diabetes, including impaired beta-cell function and insulin resistance, leading to disrupted glucose regulation. Additionally, oxidative stress-induced damage to blood vessels and impaired endothelial function contribute to the development of diabetic vascular complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, organs and tissues throughout the body, including the kidneys, nerves, and eyes, are vulnerable to oxidative stress, resulting in diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Strategies to mitigate oxidative stress in diabetes include antioxidant therapy, lifestyle modifications, and effective management of hyperglycaemia. However, further research is necessary to comprehensively understand the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress in diabetes and to evaluate the efficacy of antioxidant interventions in preventing and treating diabetic complications. By addressing oxidative stress, it might be possible to alleviate the burden of diabetes and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.)
| | - Margherita D’Angelo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.)
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Andrea Mormone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Erica Vetrano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy; (M.D.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, I-80138 Naples, Italy
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10
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Becker PH, Thérond P, Gaignard P. Targeting mitochondrial function in macrophages: A novel treatment strategy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease? Pharmacol Ther 2023; 247:108441. [PMID: 37201736 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to chronic arterial injury caused by hyperlipidemia, hypertension, inflammation and oxidative stress. Recent studies have shown that the progression of this disease is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and with the accumulation of mitochondrial alterations within macrophages of atherosclerotic plaques. These alterations contribute to processes of inflammation and oxidative stress. Among the many players involved, macrophages play a pivotal role in atherogenesis as they can exert both beneficial and deleterious effects due to their anti- and pro-inflammatory properties. Their atheroprotective functions, such as cholesterol efflux and efferocytosis, as well as the maintenance of their polarization towards an anti-inflammatory state, are particularly dependent on mitochondrial metabolism. Moreover, in vitro studies have demonstrated deleterious effects of oxidized LDL on macrophage mitochondrial function, resulting in a switch to a pro-inflammatory state and to a potential loss of atheroprotective capacity. Therefore, preservation of mitochondrial function is now considered a legitimate therapeutic strategy. This review focuses on the potential therapeutic strategies that could improve the mitochondrial function of macrophages, enabling them to maintain their atheroprotective capacity. These emerging therapies could play a valuable role in counteracting the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and possibly inducing their regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Hadrien Becker
- Université Paris-Saclay, EA 7357, Lipides: Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France; Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France.
| | - Patrice Thérond
- Université Paris-Saclay, EA 7357, Lipides: Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France; Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
| | - Pauline Gaignard
- Université Paris-Saclay, EA 7357, Lipides: Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques, Châtenay-Malabry 92296, France; Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre 94270, France
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11
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Nong Y, Wei X, Yu D. Inflammatory mechanisms and intervention strategies for sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e860. [PMID: 37249297 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is the leading cause of death in patients with sepsis in the intensive care units. The main manifestations of SIMD are systolic and diastolic dysfunctions of the myocardium. Despite our initial understanding of the SIMD over the past three decades, the incidence and mortality of SIMD remain high. This may be attributed to the large degree of heterogeneity among the initiating factors, disease processes, and host states involved in SIMD. Previously, organ dysfunction caused by sepsis was thought to be an impairment brought about by an excessive inflammatory response. However, many recent studies have shown that SIMD is a consequence of a combination of factors shaped by the inflammatory responses between the pathogen and the host. In this article, we review the mechanisms of the inflammatory responses and potential novel therapeutic strategies in SIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Nong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuebiao Wei
- Department of Geriatric Intensive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danqing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Franczak M, Toenshoff I, Jansen G, Smolenski RT, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. The Influence of Mitochondrial Energy and 1C Metabolism on the Efficacy of Anticancer Drugs: Exploring Potential Mechanisms of Resistance. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:1209-1231. [PMID: 35366764 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220401110418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main energy factory in living cells. To rapidly proliferate and metastasize, neoplastic cells increase their energy requirements. Thus, mitochondria become one of the most important organelles for them. Indeed, much research shows the interplay between cancer chemoresistance and altered mitochondrial function. In this review, we focus on the differences in energy metabolism between cancer and normal cells to better understand their resistance and how to develop drugs targeting energy metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. One of the differences between cancer and normal cells is the higher nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level, a cofactor for the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which enhances their proliferation and helps cancer cells survive under hypoxic conditions. An important change is a metabolic switch called the Warburg effect. This effect is based on the change of energy harvesting from oxygen-dependent transformation to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), adapting them to the tumor environment. Another mechanism is the high expression of one-carbon (1C) metabolism enzymes. Again, this allows cancer cells to increase proliferation by producing precursors for the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids. We reviewed drugs in clinical practice and development targeting NAD+, OXPHOS, and 1C metabolism. Combining novel drugs with conventional antineoplastic agents may prove to be a promising new way of anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Franczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Isabel Toenshoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam University College, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Jansen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Yin L, Tang Y, Lin X, Jiang B. Progress in the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in septic cardiomyopathy. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2156622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leijing Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Vorotnikov AV, Khapchaev AY, Nickashin AV, Shirinsky VP. In Vitro Modeling of Diabetes Impact on Vascular Endothelium: Are Essentials Engaged to Tune Metabolism? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123181. [PMID: 36551937 PMCID: PMC9775148 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Vascular endothelium is among the first targets to experience blood-borne metabolic alterations, such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. To explore mechanisms of vascular dysfunction and eventual damage brought by these pathologic conditions and to find ways to protect vasculature in diabetic patients, various research approaches are used including in vitro endothelial cell-based models. We present an analysis of the data available from these models that identifies early endothelial cell apoptosis associated with oxidative stress as the major outcome of mimicking hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in vitro. However, the fate of endothelial cells observed in these studies does not closely follow it in vivo where massive endothelial damage occurs mainly in the terminal stages of diabetes and in conjunction with comorbidities. We propose that the discrepancy is likely in missing essentials that should be available to cultured endothelial cells to adjust the metabolic state and withstand the immediate apoptosis. We discuss the role of carnitine, creatine, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in suiting the endothelial metabolism for long-term function in diabetic type milieu in vitro. Engagement of these essentials is anticipated to expand diabetes research options when using endothelial cell-based models.
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15
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Ge Z, Shang Y, Wang W, Yang J, Chen SZ. Brown adipocytes promote epithelial mesenchymal transition of neuroblastoma cells by inducing PPAR-γ/UCP2 expression. Adipocyte 2022; 11:335-345. [PMID: 35531888 PMCID: PMC9122313 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2073804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonic malignant tumour of the sympathetic nervous system, and current research shows that activation of brown adipose tissue accelerates cachexia in cancer patients. However, the interaction between brown adipose tissues and NB remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the effect of brown adipocytes in the co-culture system on the proliferation and migration of NB cells. Brown adipocytes promoted the proliferation and migration of Neuro-2a, BE(2)-M17, and SH-SY5Y cells under the co-culture system, with an increase of the mRNA and protein levels of UCP2 and PPAR-γ in NB cells. The UCP2 inhibitor genipin or PPAR-γ inhibitor T0090709 inhibited the migration of NB cells induced by brown adipocytes. Genipin or siUCP2 upregulated the expression of E-cadherin, and downregulated the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin in NB cells. We suggest that under co-cultivation conditions, NB cells can activate brown adipocytes, which triggers changes in various genes and promotes the proliferation and migration of NB cells. The PPAR-γ/UCP2 pathway is involved in the migration of NB cells caused by brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Ge
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Northern China, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Northern China, China
| | - Wendie Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Northern China, China
| | - Jigang Yang
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, Northern China, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Northern China, China
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16
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Lipotoxicity in a Vicious Cycle of Pancreatic Beta Cell Exhaustion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071627. [PMID: 35884932 PMCID: PMC9313354 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a common metabolic disorder in modern society and may precede hyperglycemia and diabetes by several years. Exactly how disorders of lipid and glucose metabolism are related is still a mystery in many respects. We analyze the effects of hyperlipidemia, particularly free fatty acids, on pancreatic beta cells and insulin secretion. We have developed a computational model to quantitatively estimate the effects of specific metabolic pathways on insulin secretion and to assess the effects of short- and long-term exposure of beta cells to elevated concentrations of free fatty acids. We show that the major trigger for insulin secretion is the anaplerotic pathway via the phosphoenolpyruvate cycle, which is affected by free fatty acids via uncoupling protein 2 and proton leak and is particularly destructive in long-term chronic exposure to free fatty acids, leading to increased insulin secretion at low blood glucose and inadequate insulin secretion at high blood glucose. This results in beta cells remaining highly active in the “resting” state at low glucose and being unable to respond to anaplerotic signals at high pyruvate levels, as is the case with high blood glucose. The observed fatty-acid-induced disruption of anaplerotic pathways makes sense in the context of the physiological role of insulin as one of the major anabolic hormones.
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17
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Zhang S, Sun S, Wei X, Zhang M, Chen Y, Mao X, Chen G, Liu C. Short-term moderate caloric restriction in a high-fat diet alleviates obesity via AMPK/SIRT1 signaling in white adipocytes and liver. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:7909. [PMID: 35721807 PMCID: PMC9180121 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.7909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a growing problem for public health worldwide. Calorie restriction (CR) is a safety and effective life intervention to defend against obesity. Short-term moderate CR may be a more favorable strategy against this pathology. However, the mechanisms behind the effects of CR remain to be clarified. Increased energy expenditure in the liver and brown adipose tissue could potentially be manipulated to modulate and improve metabolism in obesity. Moreover, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) are well-characterized metabolic modulators. We aim to explore the anti-obesity effects of short-term moderate CR by improving energy metabolism via the SIRT1/AMPK pathway in white adipocytes and liver in a mouse model of obesity. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into two groups receiving either a standard or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce obesity. The HFD-induced obese mice were further randomized into two groups: HFD group or CR group (received 75% of the food eaten by HFD group). Their energy metabolism, white adipose tissue (WAT) contents, hepatic fat deposition, the expression of AMPK, SIRT1, peroxisome proliferators γ-activated receptor coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in WAT, and hepatic tissues were determined. Results After 4 weeks, body weight, total serum cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels were significantly lower in the CR group. Moreover, CR ameliorated hepatocyte steatosis, attenuated white adipogenesis, and increased energy expenditure and expressions of SIRT1, PGC-1α, and phosphorylated AMPK in subcutaneous WAT and the hepatic tissues. In addition, CR reduced the protein levels of NF-κB and increased the eNOS expression. Conclusion Short-term moderate CR decreases obesity, increases the thermogenesis, and inhibits inflammation in a mouse model of obesity, probably via the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in WAT and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohong Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Huaian No. 1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuoshuo Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Yancheng TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Mao
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofang Chen
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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18
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Sun Y, Bu LG, Wang B, Ren J, Li TY, Kong LL, Ni H. Expression and hormone regulation of UCP2 in goat uterus. Anim Reprod Sci 2022; 243:107015. [PMID: 35689907 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2022.107015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy success is closely related to the molecular mechanisms that control energy metabolism balance. However, the mechanisms have not been fully understood. Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) plays a physiological role by regulating energy metabolism in numerous tissues. In this study, we determined the expression and hormone regulation of UCP2 in goat uterus. UCP2 is expressed in the luminal and glandular epithelia of goat uterus during early pregnancy, as revealed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry conducted on pregnant goats. The signals were detected from day 0 (D0) to D30 of pregnancy, though weak on D16 (the adhesion period). The low levels of UCP2 on D16 were confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blot. In goat uterus and endometrial epithelial cells (EECs), UCP2 was up-regulated by progesterone and estrogen. In addition, after goat EECs were treated with genipin (an inhibitor of UCP2), not only UCP2 expression but also cell proliferation was inhibited. Collectively, UCP2 is dynamically expressed in goat uterus and can affect EEC proliferation, suggesting that it may participate in regulating the energy metabolism balance of goat uterus during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Sun
- The Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li-Ge Bu
- The Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Wang
- The Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jie Ren
- The Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ting-Yue Li
- The Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li-Li Kong
- The Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hua Ni
- The Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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19
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Zhang S, Zhao J, Quan Z, Li H, Qing H. Mitochondria and Other Organelles in Neural Development and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:853911. [PMID: 35450015 PMCID: PMC9016280 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.853911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of organelles to neural development has received increasing attention. Studies have shown that organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, and endosomes play important roles in neurogenesis. Specifically, metabolic switching, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and the interaction between mitochondria and the ER all have roles in neurogenesis. Lysosomes and endosomes can regulate neurite growth and extension. Moreover, metabolic reprogramming represents a novel strategy for generating functional neurons. Accordingly, the exploration and application of mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming will be beneficial for neural conversion and regenerative medicine. There is adequate evidence implicating the dysfunction of cellular organelles—especially mitochondria—in neurodegenerative disorders, and that improvement of mitochondrial function may reverse the progression of these diseases through the reinforcement of adult neurogenesis. Therefore, these organelles have potential as therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the function of these organelles, especially mitochondria, in neural development, focusing on their potential as therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Aerospace Medical Center, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Quan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Li,
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Hong Qing,
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20
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Kumar R, T A, Singothu S, Singh SB, Bhandari V. Uncoupling proteins as a therapeutic target for the development of new era drugs against neurodegenerative disorder. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Li F, Jiang M, Ma M, Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu Y, Cui Y, Chen J, Zhao H, Sun Z, Dong D. Anthelmintics nitazoxanide protects against experimental hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in hamsters and mice. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1322-1338. [PMID: 35530137 PMCID: PMC9069401 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders contribute to hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis. It is ideal to develop drugs simultaneous improving both hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Nitazoxanide is an FDA-approved oral antiprotozoal drug with excellent pharmacokinetic and safety profile. We found that nitazoxanide and its metabolite tizoxanide induced mild mitochondrial uncoupling and subsequently activated AMPK in HepG2 cells. Gavage administration of nitazoxanide inhibited high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increases of liver weight, blood and liver lipids, and ameliorated HFD-induced renal lipid accumulation in hamsters. Nitazoxanide significantly improved HFD-induced histopathologic changes of hamster livers. In the hamsters with pre-existing hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis, nitazoxanide also showed therapeutic effect. Gavage administration of nitazoxanide improved HFD-induced hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6J mice and western diet (WD)-induced hepatic steatosis in Apoe -/- mice. The present study suggests that repurposing nitazoxanide as a drug for hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis treatment is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Li
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Man Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Minghui Ma
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xuyang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhijie Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Deli Dong
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Al-hadlaq SM, Balto HA, Hassan WM, Marraiki NA, El-Ansary AK. Biomarkers of non-communicable chronic disease: an update on contemporary methods. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12977. [PMID: 35233297 PMCID: PMC8882335 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases constitute a major global burden with significant impact on health systems, economies, and quality of life. Chronic diseases include a broad range of diseases that can be communicable or non-communicable. Chronic diseases are often associated with modifications of normal physiological levels of various analytes that are routinely measured in serum and other body fluids, as well as pathological findings, such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Identification of at-risk populations, early diagnosis, and prediction of prognosis play a major role in preventing or reducing the burden of chronic diseases. Biomarkers are tools that are used by health professionals to aid in the identification and management of chronic diseases. Biomarkers can be diagnostic, predictive, or prognostic. Several individual or grouped biomarkers have been used successfully in the diagnosis and prediction of certain chronic diseases, however, it is generally accepted that a more sophisticated approach to link and interpret various biomarkers involved in chronic disease is necessary to improve our current procedures. In order to ensure a comprehensive and unbiased coverage of the literature, first a primary frame of the manuscript (title, headings and subheadings) was drafted by the authors working on this paper. Second, based on the components drafted in the preliminary skeleton a comprehensive search of the literature was performed using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Multiple keywords related to the topic were used. Out of screened papers, only 190 papers, which are the most relevant, and recent articles were selected to cover the topic in relation to etiological mechanisms of different chronic diseases, the most recently used biomarkers of chronic diseases and finally the advances in the applications of multivariate biomarkers of chronic diseases as statistical and clinically applied tool for the early diagnosis of chronic diseases was discussed. Recently, multivariate biomarkers analysis approach has been employed with promising prospect. A brief discussion of the multivariate approach for the early diagnosis of the most common chronic diseases was highlighted in this review. The use of diagnostic algorithms might show the way for novel criteria and enhanced diagnostic effectiveness inpatients with one or numerous non-communicable chronic diseases. The search for new relevant biomarkers for the better diagnosis of patients with non-communicable chronic diseases according to the risk of progression, sickness, and fatality is ongoing. It is important to determine whether the newly identified biomarkers are purely associations or real biomarkers of underlying pathophysiological processes. Use of multivariate analysis could be of great importance in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaiman M. Al-hadlaq
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A. Balto
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Central Research Laboratory, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail M. Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Najat A. Marraiki
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf K. El-Ansary
- Central Research Laboratory, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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A Preliminary Study on the Effect of Hydrogen Gas on Alleviating Early CCl 4-Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121933. [PMID: 34943036 PMCID: PMC8750042 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a small-molecule reductant substance, hydrogen gas has an obvious antioxidant function. It can selectively neutralize hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and peroxynitrite (ONOO•) in cells, reducing oxidative stress damage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen gas (3%) on early chronic liver injury (CLI) induced by CCl4 and to preliminarily explore the protective mechanism of hydrogen gas on hepatocytes by observing the expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in liver tissue. Here, 32 rats were divided into four groups: the control group, CCl4 group, H2 (hydrogen gas) group, and CCl4 + H2 group. The effect of hydrogen gas on early CLI was observed by serological tests, ELISA, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and oil red O staining. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used to observe the expression of UCP2 in liver tissues. We found that CCl4 can induce significant steatosis in hepatocytes. When the hydrogen gas was inhaled, hepatocyte steatosis was reduced, and the UCP2 expression level in liver tissue was increased. These results suggest that hydrogen gas might upregulate UCP2 expression levels, reduce the generation of intracellular oxygen free radicals, affect lipid metabolism in liver cells, and play a protective role in liver cells.
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24
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Vishnyakova KS, Popov KV, Pan X, Jasko MV, Yegorov YE. Long-Chain Free Fatty Acids Influence Lipid Accumulation, Lysosome Activation and Glycolytic Shift in Various Cells In Vitro. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Hong J, Park E, Lee J, Lee Y, Rooney BV, Park Y. Exercise training mitigates ER stress and UCP2 deficiency-associated coronary vascular dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15449. [PMID: 34326395 PMCID: PMC8322067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) activation are opposing modulators of endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Exercise reduces atherosclerosis plaques and enhances endothelial function. Our aim was to understand how exercise affects ER stress and UCP2 activation, and how that relates to endothelial dysfunction in an atherosclerotic murine model. Wild type (C57BL/6, WT) and apolipoprotein-E-knockout (ApoEtm1Unc, ApoE KO) mice underwent treadmill exercise training (EX) or remained sedentary for 12 weeks. Acetylcholine (ACh)-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation was determined in the presence of an eNOS inhibitor (L-NAME), UCP2 inhibitor (genipin), and ER stress inducer (tunicamycin). UCP2, ER stress markers and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling were quantified by western blotting. p67phox and superoxide were visualized using immunofluorescence and DHE staining. Nitric oxide (NO) was measured by nitrate/nitrite assay. ACh-induced vasodilation was attenuated in coronary arterioles of ApoE KO mice but improved in ApoE KO-EX mice. Treatment of coronary arterioles with L-NAME, tunicamycin, and genipin significantly attenuated ACh-induced vasodilation in all mice except for ApoE KO mice. Exercise reduced expression of ER stress proteins, TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling cascades, and Bax expression in the heart of ApoE KO-EX mice. Further, exercise diminished superoxide production and NADPH oxidase p67phox expression in coronary arterioles while simultaneously increasing UCP2 expression and nitric oxide (NO) production in the heart of ApoE KO-EX mice. Routine exercise alleviates endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerotic coronary arterioles in an eNOS, UCP2, and ER stress signaling specific manner, and resulting in reduced TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activity and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Hong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA
| | - Eunkyung Park
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA
| | - Jonghae Lee
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA
| | - Yang Lee
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Bridgette V Rooney
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA.,Geocontrol Systems Inc, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St, Houston, TX, 77204-6015, USA.
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26
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Western Diet Decreases the Liver Mitochondrial Oxidative Flux of Succinate: Insight from a Murine NAFLD Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136908. [PMID: 34199098 PMCID: PMC8268937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previously, we found that succinate-activated respiration was the most affected mitochondrial parameter in mice with mild NAFLD. In this study, we focused on the role of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in NAFLD pathogenesis. To induce the progression of NAFLD to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), C57BL/6J mice were fed a Western-style diet (WD) or control diet for 30 weeks. NAFLD severity was evaluated histologically and the expression of selected proteins and genes was assessed. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry. Liver redox status was assessed using glutathione, malondialdehyde, and mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Metabolomic analysis was performed by GC/MS. WD consumption for 30 weeks led to reduced succinate-activated respiration. We also observed decreased SDH activity, decreased expression of the SDH activator sirtuin 3, decreased gene expression of SDH subunits, and increased levels of hepatic succinate, an important signaling molecule. Succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1) gene and protein expression were reduced in the livers of WD-fed mice. We did not observe signs of oxidative damage compared to the control group. The changes observed in WD-fed mice appear to be adaptive to prevent mitochondrial respiratory chain overload and massive ROS production.
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27
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Zhao X, Wang J, Deng Y, Liao L, Zhou M, Peng C, Li Y. Quercetin as a protective agent for liver diseases: A comprehensive descriptive review of the molecular mechanism. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4727-4747. [PMID: 34159683 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is the major representative of the flavonoid subgroup of flavones, with good pharmacological activities for the treatment of liver diseases, including liver steatosis, fatty hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. It can significantly influence the development of liver diseases via multiple targets and multiple pathways via antifat accumulation, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, as well as the inhibition of cellular apoptosis and proliferation. Despite extensive research on understanding the mechanism of quercetin in the treatment of liver diseases, there are still no targeted therapies available. Thus, we have comprehensively searched and summarized the different targets of quercetin in different stages of liver diseases and concluded that quercetin inhibited inflammation of the liver mainly through NF-κB/TLR/NLRP3, reduced PI3K/Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress, mTOR activation in autophagy, and inhibited the expression of apoptotic factors associated with the development of liver diseases. In addition, quercetin showed different mechanisms of action at different stages of liver diseases, including the regulation of PPAR, UCP, and PLIN2-related factors via brown fat activation in liver steatosis. The compound inhibited stromal ECM deposition at the liver fibrosis stage, affecting TGF1β, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs), and apoptosis. While at the final liver cancer stage, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and spread via the hTERT, MEK1/ERK1/2, Notch, and Wnt/β-catenin-related signaling pathways. In conclusion, quercetin is an effective liver protectant. We hope to explore the pathogenesis of quercetin in different stages of liver diseases through the review, so as to provide more accurate targets and theoretical basis for further research of quercetin in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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28
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Madkour M, Aboelenin MM, Shakweer WME, Alfarraj S, Alharbi SA, Abdel-Fattah SA, Alagawany M. Early life thermal stress modulates hepatic expression of thermotolerance related genes and physiological responses in two rabbit breeds. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1914207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | | | | | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed A. Abdel-Fattah
- Faculty of Agriculture, Poultry Production Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Faculty of Agriculture, Poultry Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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29
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Rezapour S, Khosroshahi SA, Farajnia H, Mohseni F, Khoshbaten M, Farajnia S. Association of 45-bp ins/del polymorphism of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver and type 2 diabetes mellitus in North-west of Iran. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:169. [PMID: 33957975 PMCID: PMC8101211 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis via insulin secretion regulation, free fatty acid concentrations, and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the association of 45-bp ins/del polymorphism of UCP2 with susceptibility to NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) and T2DM (Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus). DNA was extracted from the white blood cells of the subjects, and the gene polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, 72 patients with NAFLD, 71 healthy individuals as control, 80 patients with T2DM, and 77 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. RESULTS A higher prevalence of insertion/insertion genotype was observed in T2DM patients compared to the controls (p- value˂ 0.05). There was no difference in genotype distribution between NAFLD patients and controls (p-value > 0.05). NAFLD patients with D/D, D/I genotype had higher triglyceride, ALT, and AST levels; however, their HDL levels were lower than healthy controls. Patients with T2DM with D/D or D/I genotype also had significantly higher fasting serum glucose (FSG). While we found an association between the 45 bp I/D polymorphism in 3'UTR of UCP2 and T2DM, no correlation between this polymorphism and NAFLD was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleheh Rezapour
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Farajnia
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohseni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Safar Farajnia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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30
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de Oliveira MS, Rodrigues M, Rossoni EA, Sortica DA, Rheinheimer J, Moehlecke M, Heredia MLDC, Horvath JDC, Kops NL, Trindade MRM, Viana LV, Leitão CB, Friedman R, Crispim D, de Souza BM. -866G/A and Ins/Del polymorphisms in UCP2 gene are associated with reduced short-term weight loss in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2021; 17:1263-1270. [PMID: 33941479 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) plays an important role in energy expenditure regulation. Previous studies have associated the common -866G/A (rs659366) and Ins/Del polymorphisms in the UCP2 gene with metabolic and obesity-related phenotypes. However, it is still unclear whether these polymorphisms influence weight loss after bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether UCP2 -866G/A and Ins/Del polymorphisms are associated with weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery. SETTING Longitudinal study in a university hospital. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 186 patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery for clinical and laboratory characteristics in the preoperative period, 6, 12, and 18 months after RYGB. The -866G/A (rs659366) polymorphism was genotyped using real-time PCR, while the Ins/Del polymorphism was genotyped by direct separation of PCR products in 2.5% agarose gels. RESULTS Patients with the -866A/A genotype showed higher body mass index (BMI) after 6, 12, and 18 months of surgery and excess body weight after 6 and 12 months compared with G/G patients. They also showed lower excess weight loss (EWL%) after 6 and 12 months of surgery. Ins allele carriers (Ins/Ins + Ins/Del) had lower delta (Δ) BMI 12 months after surgery compared with Del/Del patients. Accordingly, patients carrying haplotypes with ≥2 risk alleles of these polymorphisms had higher BMI and excess weight and lower EWL% during follow-up. CONCLUSION UCP2 -866A/A genotype is associated with higher BMI and excess weight and lower EWL% during an 18-month follow-up of patients who underwent RYGB, while the Ins allele seems to be associated with lower ΔBMI 12 months after surgery. Further studies are needed to confirm the associations of the -866G/A and Ins/Del polymorphisms with weight loss after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara S de Oliveira
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Michelle Rodrigues
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elis A Rossoni
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Denise A Sortica
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Rheinheimer
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Milene Moehlecke
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natalia L Kops
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Manoel R M Trindade
- Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana V Viana
- Digestive Surgery Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiane B Leitão
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rogério Friedman
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bianca M de Souza
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Graduate Program of Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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31
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Yin C, Ma Z, Li F, Duan C, Yuan Y, Zhu C, Wang L, Zhu X, Wang S, Gao P, Shu G, Zhang H, Jiang Q. Hypoxanthine Induces Muscular ATP Depletion and Fatigue via UCP2. Front Physiol 2021; 12:647743. [PMID: 33746782 PMCID: PMC7966526 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.647743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxanthine (Hx), an intermediate metabolite of the purine metabolism pathway which is dramatically increased in blood and skeletal muscle during muscle contraction and metabolism, is characterized as a marker of exercise exhaustion. However, the physiological effects of Hx on skeletal muscle remain unknown. Herein, we demonstrate that chronic treatment with Hx through dietary supplementation resulted in skeletal muscle fatigue and impaired the exercise performance of mice without affecting their growth and skeletal muscle development. Hx increased the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression in the skeletal muscle, which led to decreased energy substrate storage and enhanced glycolysis. These effects could also be verified in acute treatment with Hx through intraperitoneal injection. In addition, muscular specifically knockout of UCP2 through intra-muscle tissue injection of adenovirus-associated virus reversed the effects of Hx. In conclusion, we identified a novel role of Hx in the skeletal muscular fatigue mediated by UCP2-dependent mitochondrial uncoupling. This finding may shed light on the pathological mechanism of clinical muscle dysfunctions due to abnormal metabolism, such as muscle fatigue and weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zewei Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Duan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yexian Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihua Zhang
- College of Life and Science, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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32
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Jamwal S, Blackburn JK, Elsworth JD. PPARγ/PGC1α signaling as a potential therapeutic target for mitochondrial biogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 219:107705. [PMID: 33039420 PMCID: PMC7887032 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent some of the most devastating neurological disorders, characterized by progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons. Current therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is limited to symptomatic treatment rather than disease modifying interventions, emphasizing the desperate need for improved approaches. Abundant evidence indicates that impaired mitochondrial function plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases and so biochemical factors in mitochondria are considered promising targets for pharmacological-based therapies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPARγ) are ligand-inducible transcription factors involved in regulating various genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC1α). This review summarizes the evidence supporting the ability of PPARγ-PGC1α to coordinately up-regulate the expression of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis in neurons and provide directions for future work to explore the potential benefit of targeting mitochondrial biogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders. We have highlighted key roles of NRF2, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), and paraoxonase-2 (PON2) signaling in mediating PGC1α-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, the status of PPARγ modulators being used in clinical trials for Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD) has been compiled. The overall purpose of this review is to update and critique our understanding of the role of PPARγ-PGC1α-NRF2 in the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis together with suggestions for strategies to target PPARγ-PGC1α-NRF2 signaling in order to combat mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jennifer K Blackburn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John D Elsworth
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Xu L, Chen S, Zhan L. Association of uncoupling protein-2 -866G/A and Ala55Val polymorphisms with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of case-control studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24464. [PMID: 33578539 PMCID: PMC7886456 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the relationships between uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) -866G/A (rs659366) and Ala55Val (rs660339) polymorphisms and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been explored considerably, but the results are greatly inconsistent. This meta-analysis was performed to further identify the association of UCP2 rs659366 and rs660339 with the risk of T2DM. METHODS Eligible studies were searched from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, VIP database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese WanFang database until March 8, 2020. The odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and P-values were used to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS A total of 26 studies were included in this study. UCP2 rs659366 was associated with the risk of T2DM in allele model (OR: 1.112, 95%CI: 1.009-1.224, P = 0.032), dominant model (OR: 1.189, 95%CI: 1.035-1.366, P = 0.014), and heterozygous model (OR: 1.177, 95%CI: 1.032-1.342, P = .015). A significantly increased risk of T2DM was detected in Asians by UCP2 rs659366 allele (OR: 1.132, 95%CI: 1.016-1.262, P = .025), dominant (OR: 1.218, 95%CI: 1.046-1.418, P = .011), homozygous (OR: 1.254, 95%CI: 1.022-1.540, P = .031) or heterozygous (OR: 1.198, 95%CI: 1.047-1.371, P = .009) models. There was no significant correlation between UCP2 rs660339 and the risk of T2DM (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS The UCP2 rs65366 is significantly associated with the risk of T2DM, especially in Asian population, while no evidence is found between the UCP2 rs660339 and the susceptibility to T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Xishanqiao Community Health Service Center of Yuhuatai
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Libin Zhan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
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Souza de Oliveira M, Sachs Nique P, Crispim D, Marmontel de Souza B. The association of uncoupling proteins 1, 2, and 3 with weight loss variability after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:1858-1868. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sha W, Hu F, Bu S. Mitochondrial dysfunction and pancreatic islet β-cell failure (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:266. [PMID: 33199991 PMCID: PMC7664595 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are the only source of insulin in humans. Mitochondria uses pyruvate to produce ATP as an intermediate link between glucose intake and insulin secretion in β-cells, in a process known as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Previous studies have demonstrated that GSIS is negatively regulated by various factors in the mitochondria, including tRNALeu mutations, high p58 expression, reduced nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase activity, abnormal levels of uncoupling proteins and reduced expression levels of transcription factors A, B1 and B2. Additionally, oxidative stress damages mitochondria and impairs antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to the increased production of reactive oxygen species, which induces β-cell dysfunction. Inflammation in islets can also damage β-cell physiology. Inflammatory cytokines trigger the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria via the NF-κB pathway. The present review examined the potential factors underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and their association with islet β-cell failure, which may offer novel insights regarding future strategies for the preservation of mitochondrial function and enhancement of antioxidant activity for individuals with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Sha
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Fei Hu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Shizhong Bu
- Diabetes Research Center, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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Schumann T, König J, Henke C, Willmes DM, Bornstein SR, Jordan J, Fromm MF, Birkenfeld AL. Solute Carrier Transporters as Potential Targets for the Treatment of Metabolic Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:343-379. [PMID: 31882442 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.015735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier (SLC) superfamily comprises more than 400 transport proteins mediating the influx and efflux of substances such as ions, nucleotides, and sugars across biological membranes. Over 80 SLC transporters have been linked to human diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This observation highlights the importance of SLCs for human (patho)physiology. Yet, only a small number of SLC proteins are validated drug targets. The most recent drug class approved for the treatment of T2D targets sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, product of the SLC5A2 gene. There is great interest in identifying other SLC transporters as potential targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Finding better treatments will prove essential in future years, given the enormous personal and socioeconomic burden posed by more than 500 million patients with T2D by 2040 worldwide. In this review, we summarize the evidence for SLC transporters as target structures in metabolic disease. To this end, we identified SLC13A5/sodium-coupled citrate transporter, and recent proof-of-concept studies confirm its therapeutic potential in T2D and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Further SLC transporters were linked in multiple genome-wide association studies to T2D or related metabolic disorders. In addition to presenting better-characterized potential therapeutic targets, we discuss the likely unnoticed link between other SLC transporters and metabolic disease. Recognition of their potential may promote research on these proteins for future medical management of human metabolic diseases such as obesity, fatty liver disease, and T2D. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Given the fact that the prevalence of human metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes has dramatically risen, pharmacological intervention will be a key future approach to managing their burden and reducing mortality. In this review, we present the evidence for solute carrier (SLC) genes associated with human metabolic diseases and discuss the potential of SLC transporters as therapeutic target structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Schumann
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Jörg König
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Christine Henke
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Diana M Willmes
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Jens Jordan
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Martin F Fromm
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic and Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Dresden University School of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., S.R.B.), and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine (T.S., C.H., D.M.W.), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung e.V., Neuherberg, Germany (T.S., C.H., D.M.W., A.L.B.); Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (J.K., M.F.F.); Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center and Chair for Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J.J.); Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (S.R.B., A.L.B.); Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (A.L.B.)
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He M, Ma Y, Wang R, Zhang J, Jing L, Li PA. Deletion of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2 Exacerbates Mitochondrial Damage in Mice Subjected to Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury under both Normo- and Hyperglycemic Conditions. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2788-2802. [PMID: 33061796 PMCID: PMC7545711 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.48204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deletion of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has been shown to aggravate ischemic damage in the brain. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of homozygous UCP2 deletion (UCP2-/-) on mitochondrial fission and fusion dynamic balance in ischemic mice under normo- and hyperglycemic conditions. UCP2-/- and wildtype mice were subjected to a 60 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and allowed reperfusion for 6h, 24h and 72h. Our results demonstrated that deletion of UCP2 enlarged infarct volumes and increased numbers of cell death in both normo- and hyperglycemic ischemic mice compared with their wildtype counterparts subjected to the same duration of ischemia and reperfusion. The detrimental effects of UCP deletion were associated with increased ROS production, elevated mitochondrial fission markers Drp1 and Fis1 and suppressed fusion markers Opa1 and Mfn2 in UCP2-/- mice. Electron microscopic study demonstrated a marked mitochondrial swolling after 6h of reperfusion in UCP2-/- mice, contrasting to a mild mitochondrial swolling in wildtype ischemic animals. It is concluded that the exacerbating effects of UCP2-/- on ischemic outcome in both normo- and hyperglycemic animals are associated with increased ROS production, disturbed mitochondrial dynamic balance towards fission and early damage to mitochondrial ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maotao He
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Yanmei Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Li Jing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technological Enterprise (BRITE), College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Drosophila melanogaster Mitochondrial Carriers: Similarities and Differences with the Human Carriers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176052. [PMID: 32842667 PMCID: PMC7504413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carriers are a family of structurally related proteins responsible for the exchange of metabolites, cofactors and nucleotides between the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix. The in silico analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster genome has highlighted the presence of 48 genes encoding putative mitochondrial carriers, but only 20 have been functionally characterized. Despite most Drosophila mitochondrial carrier genes having human homologs and sharing with them 50% or higher sequence identity, D. melanogaster genes display peculiar differences from their human counterparts: (1) in the fruit fly, many genes encode more transcript isoforms or are duplicated, resulting in the presence of numerous subfamilies in the genome; (2) the expression of the energy-producing genes in D. melanogaster is coordinated from a motif known as Nuclear Respiratory Gene (NRG), a palindromic 8-bp sequence; (3) fruit-fly duplicated genes encoding mitochondrial carriers show a testis-biased expression pattern, probably in order to keep a duplicate copy in the genome. Here, we review the main features, biological activities and role in the metabolism of the D. melanogaster mitochondrial carriers characterized to date, highlighting similarities and differences with their human counterparts. Such knowledge is very important for obtaining an integrated view of mitochondrial function in D. melanogaster metabolism.
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De Miguel C, Hamrick WC, Sedaka R, Jagarlamudi S, Asico LD, Jose PA, Cuevas S. Uncoupling Protein 2 Increases Blood Pressure in DJ -1 Knockout Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e011856. [PMID: 30995881 PMCID: PMC6512091 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The redox-sensitive chaperone DJ -1 and uncoupling protein 2 are protective against mitochondrial oxidative stress. We previously reported that renal-selective depletion and germline deletion of DJ -1 increases blood pressure in mice. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms involved in the oxidative stress-mediated hypertension in DJ -1 -/- mice. Methods and Results There were no differences in sodium excretion, renal renin expression, renal NADPH oxidase activity, and serum creatinine levels between DJ -1 -/- and wild-type mice. Renal expression of nitro-tyrosine, malondialdehyde, and urinary kidney injury marker-1 were increased in DJ -1 -/- mice relative to wild-type littermates. mRNA expression of mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 was also elevated in kidneys from DJ -1 -/- mice, indicating the presence of oxidative stress. Tempol-treated DJ -1 -/- mice presented higher serum nitrite/nitrate levels than vehicle-treated DJ -1 -/- mice, suggesting a role of the NO system in the high blood pressure of this model. Tempol treatment normalized renal kidney injury marker-1 and malondialdehyde expression as well as blood pressure in DJ -1 -/- mice, but had no effect in wild-type mice. The renal Ucp2 mRNA expression was increased in DJ -1 -/- mice versus wild-type and was also normalized by tempol. The renal-selective silencing of Ucp2 led to normalization of blood pressure and serum nitrite/nitrate ratio in DJ -1 -/- mice. Conclusions The deletion of DJ -1 leads to oxidative stress-induced hypertension associated with downregulation of NO function, and overexpression of Ucp2 in the kidney increases blood pressure in DJ -1 -/- mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report providing evidence of the role of uncoupling protein 2 in blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen De Miguel
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - William C Hamrick
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Randee Sedaka
- 1 Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Sudha Jagarlamudi
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Laureano D Asico
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Pedro A Jose
- 2 Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension Department of Medicine The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington DC
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- 3 Research Center for Genetic Medicine Children's National Health System Washington DC
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction: a Potential Therapeutic Target to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3075-3088. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Natarajan V, Chawla R, Mah T, Vivekanandan R, Tan SY, Sato PY, Mallilankaraman K. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Metabolic Disorders. Proteomics 2020; 20:e1800404. [PMID: 32131138 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a natural biological process in living organisms characterized by receding bioenergetics. Mitochondria are crucial for cellular bioenergetics and thus an important contributor to age-related energetics deterioration. In addition, mitochondria play a major role in calcium signaling, redox homeostasis, and thermogenesis making this organelle a major cellular component that dictates the fate of a cell. To maintain its quantity and quality, mitochondria undergo multiple processes such as fission, fusion, and mitophagy to eliminate or replace damaged mitochondria. While this bioenergetics machinery is properly protected, the functional decline associated with age and age-related metabolic diseases is mostly a result of failure in such protective mechanisms. In addition, metabolic by-products like reactive oxygen species also aid in this destructive pathway. Mitochondrial dysfunction has always been thought to be associated with diseases. Moreover, studies in recent years have pointed out that aging contributes to the decay of mitochondrial health by promoting imbalances in key mitochondrial-regulated pathways. Hence, it is crucial to understand the nexus of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases. This review focuses on various aspects of basic mitochondrial biology and its status in aging and age-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateswaran Natarajan
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Ritu Chawla
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Tania Mah
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Rajesh Vivekanandan
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Shu Yi Tan
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Priscila Y Sato
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, 19102-1902, USA
| | - Karthik Mallilankaraman
- Mitochondrial Physiology and Metabolism Lab, Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.,Center for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
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Real-Sandoval SA, Gutiérrez-López GF, Domínguez-López A, Paniagua-Castro N, Michicotl-Meneses MM, Jaramillo-Flores ME. Downregulation of proinflammatory liver gene expression by Justicia spicigera and kaempferitrin in a murine model of obesity-induced by a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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43
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Migliaccio V, Gregorio ID, Putti R, Lionetti L. Mitochondrial Involvement in the Adaptive Response to Chronic Exposure to Environmental Pollutants and High-Fat Feeding in a Rat Liver and Testis. Cells 2019; 8:E834. [PMID: 31387296 PMCID: PMC6721750 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In our modern society, exposure to stressful environmental stimuli, such as pollutants and/or chronic high-fat feeding, continuously induce tissular/organ metabolic adaptation to promote cellular survival. In extreme conditions, cellular death and tissular/organ damage occur. Mitochondria, as a cellular energy source, seem to play an important role in facing cellular stress induced by these environmental stimuli. On the other hand, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play a key role in environmental stress-induced metabolic diseases. However, little is known about the combined effect of simultaneous exposure to chronic high-fat feeding and environmental pollutants on metabolic alterations at a tissular and cellular level, including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress induction. Our research group recently addressed this topic by analysing the effect of chronic exposure to a non-toxic dose of the environmental pollutant dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) associated with high-fat feeding in male Wistar rats. In this review, we mainly summarize our recent findings on mitochondrial adaptive response and oxidative stress induction in the liver, the main tissue involved in fat metabolism and pollutant detoxification, and in male gonads, the main targets of endocrine disruption induced by both high-fat feeding and environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Migliaccio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Naples, Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Di Gregorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Rosalba Putti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples, Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "Adolfo Zambelli", University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
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Abstract
A huge number of proteins that occur in the body have to be folded into a specific shape in order to become functional. Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids and the folding process is exquisitely complex. When this folding process is inhibited, the respective protein is referred to as being misfolded and nonfunctional. So the hypothesis that follows is in regard to the diseases that are caused by the misfolding of vital proteins and their reported relationship with thiamin metabolism. These diseases are termed proteopathies and there are at least 50 different conditions in which the mechanism is importantly related to a misfolded protein. In the brain, thiamin deficiency causes a cascade of events involving mild impairment of oxidative metabolism, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, including the pathology of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, all of which are examples of proteopathies. Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders related to the conformational alteration of the prion protein (PrP C) into a pathogenic and protease-resistant isoform (PrPSc). The physiological form (PrP C) is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed mainly in the central nervous system. Despite numerous efforts to elucidate its role, the exact biological function remains unknown. Prion-induced diseases, due to the conformational change in the protein, are a global health problem, with lack of effective therapy and 100% mortality. Thiamin and its derivatives bind the prion protein and intermolecular actions have been noted between thiamin and other thiamin-binding proteins, although the exact importance of this is conjectural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Lonsdale
- Cleveland Clinic, 28575 Westlake Village Dr., Westlake, OH 44145, United States.
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45
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Shi Z. Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical system reveals the potential of metabolic current in defining the effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field on living cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 173:8-14. [PMID: 30743077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) on human health has become a worldwide concern, and no molecule/factor has been established as a measurable indicator of this effect. Diseases related to ELF-EMF are generally accompanied with energy metabolic dysfunction, and the energy in metabolism often flows in terms of electrons in all living cells. Hence, this study specifically investigated the relationship between metabolic current and ELF-EMF. By applying 0-128 Gauss ELF-EMFs to Geobacter sulfurreducens-inoculated bioelectrochemical systems, we found that metabolic current was increased and oscillated in ELF-EMF-exposed G. sulfurreducens. All effects were exposure dose dependent. Moreover, the oscillation amplitude varied linearly with the ELF-EMF strength. These results reveal that metabolic current can be used as a dosimetric indicator of the effect of ELF-EMF on living organisms, including human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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46
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Li D, Wu H, Dou H. Weight loss effect of sweet orange essential oil microcapsules on obese SD rats induced by high-fat diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:923-932. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1578640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Obesity is one of the most common and major health concerns worldwide. Weight management through dietary supplements with natural plant extracts has become the focus of current research. Sweet orange essential oil (SOEO) is a natural plant extract, with many bioactivities. In order to evaluate the weight loss effect of SOEO microcapsules and investigate the underlying mechanism, we fed high-fat diet-induced obese SD rats with SOEO microcapsules for 15 days and found that SOEO microcapsules reduced body weight gain by 41.4%, decreased total cholesterol level, alleviated liver and adipose tissue pathological alteration. The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR revealed that decreasing the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ, upregulating of uncoupling protein 2, hormone sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, inhibiting the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase appear to be the mechanism of SOEO microcapsules to lose weight. This study suggests that SOEO microcapsule is a potential dietary supplement for weight loss.
Abbreviations: SOEO: sweet orange essential oil; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PPARα: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ; UCP2: uncoupling protein 2; HSL: hormone sensitive lipase; CPT1: carnitine palmitoyltransferase I; ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; NPY: neuropeptide Y; LEP: leptin; INS: insulin; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahu Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Houjiu Wu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Huating Dou
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
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Sreedhar A, Cassell T, Smith P, Lu D, Nam HW, Lane AN, Zhao Y. UCP2 Overexpression Redirects Glucose into Anabolic Metabolic Pathways. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800353. [PMID: 30556651 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is often upregulated in cancer cells. The UCP2 upregulation is positively correlated with enhanced proliferation, tumorigenesis, and metabolic alterations, thus suggesting that UCP2 upregulation can play a key role in sensing metabolic changes to promote tumorigenesis. To determine the global metabolic impact of UCP2 upregulation, 13 C6 glucose as a source molecule is used to "trace" the metabolic fate of carbon atoms derived from glucose. UCP2 overexpression in skin epidermal cells enhances the incorporation of 13 C label to pyruvate, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, nucleotides, and amino acids, suggesting that UCP2 upregulation reprograms cellular metabolism toward macromolecule synthesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to bring to light the overall metabolic differences caused by UCP2 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapoorna Sreedhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Teresa Cassell
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40509, USA
| | - Parker Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Daiwei Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Hyung W Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40509, USA
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
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Manoj KM. Aerobic Respiration: Criticism of the Proton-centric Explanation Involving Rotary Adenosine Triphosphate Synthesis, Chemiosmosis Principle, Proton Pumps and Electron Transport Chain. BIOCHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2018; 11:1178626418818442. [PMID: 30643418 PMCID: PMC6311555 DOI: 10.1177/1178626418818442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The acclaimed explanation for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mOxPhos, or cellular respiration) is a deterministic proton-centric scheme involving four components: Rotary adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-synthesis, Chemiosmosis principle, Proton pumps, and Electron transport chain (abbreviated as RCPE hypothesis). Within this write-up, the RCPE scheme is critically analyzed with respect to mitochondrial architecture, proteins’ distribution, structure-function correlations and their interactive dynamics, overall reaction chemistry, kinetics, thermodynamics, evolutionary logic, and so on. It is found that the RCPE proposal fails to explain key physiological aspects of mOxPhos in several specific issues and also in holistic perspectives. Therefore, it is imperative to look for new explanations for mOxPhos.
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Jing Y, Niu Y, Liu C, Zen K, Li D. In silico identification of lipid-binding α helices of uncoupling protein 1. Biomed Rep 2018; 9:313-317. [PMID: 30233783 PMCID: PMC6142039 DOI: 10.3892/br.2018.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) located at the mitochondrial inner membrane serves an important role in adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis. Previous data has demonstrated that membrane lipids regulate the biological functions of membrane proteins. However, how mitochondrial lipids interact with UCP1 still remains elusive. In this study, the interactions between UCP1 and membrane lipids were investigated, using bioinformatic approaches due to the limitations associated with experimental techniques. A total of 8 UCP1 peptide regions with α-helices were identified and related to functional sites of UCP1. These were all novel peptide sequences compared with the known protein-lipid interactions. Among several types of UCP1-binding molecules, cardiolipin appeared to serve as a key interacting molecule of the 8 lipid-binding α-helix regions of UCP1. Two cardiolipin-binding lysines (K175 and K269) of UCP1 may be crucial for this UCP1-cardiolipin recognition and UCP1 function. The present findings provide novel insight into the associations of UCP1 with lipids and the potential drug targets in UCP1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yahan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
| | - Donghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing Advanced Institute for Life Sciences (NAILS), School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P.R. China
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50
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Rothan HA, Akram S. An Overview on the Role of Oligodendrocytes and Mitochondria in the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241803011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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