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González-Arzola K, Díaz-Quintana A. Mitochondrial Factors in the Cell Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13656. [PMID: 37686461 PMCID: PMC10563088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of eukaryotic organisms involved the integration of mitochondria into the ancestor cell, with a massive gene transfer from the original proteobacterium to the host nucleus. Thus, mitochondrial performance relies on a mosaic of nuclear gene products from a variety of genomes. The concerted regulation of their synthesis is necessary for metabolic housekeeping and stress response. This governance involves crosstalk between mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and nuclear factors. While anterograde and retrograde regulation preserve mitochondrial homeostasis, the mitochondria can modulate a wide set of nuclear genes in response to an extensive variety of conditions, whose response mechanisms often merge. In this review, we summarise how mitochondrial metabolites and proteins-encoded either in the nucleus or in the organelle-target the cell nucleus and exert different actions modulating gene expression and the chromatin state, or even causing DNA fragmentation in response to common stress conditions, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, unfolded protein stress, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska González-Arzola
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa—CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad de Sevilla—Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas—cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla—C.S.I.C, 41092 Seville, Spain
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2
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Popov LD. Mitochondria as intracellular signalling organelles. An update. Cell Signal 2023:110794. [PMID: 37422005 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, mitochondria are known as "the powerhouse of the cell," responsible for energy (ATP) generation (by the electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid ß-oxidation), and for the regulation of several metabolic processes, including redox homeostasis, calcium signalling, and cellular apoptosis. The extensive studies conducted in the last decades portray mitochondria as multifaceted signalling organelles that ultimately command cells' survival or death. Based on current knowledge, we'll outline the mitochondrial signalling to other intracellular compartments in homeostasis and pathology-related mitochondrial stress conditions here. The following topics are discussed: (i) oxidative stress and mtROS signalling in mitohormesis, (ii) mitochondrial Ca2+ signalling; (iii) the anterograde (nucleus-to-mitochondria) and retrograde (mitochondria-to-nucleus) signal transduction, (iv) the mtDNA role in immunity and inflammation, (v) the induction of mitophagy- and apoptosis - signalling cascades, (vi) the mitochondrial dysfunctions (mitochondriopathies) in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and malignant diseases. The novel insights into molecular mechanisms of mitochondria-mediated signalling can explain mitochondria adaptation to metabolic and environmental stresses to achieve cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia-Doina Popov
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu" of the Romanian Academy, 8, B.P. Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania.
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3
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Pinho SA, Anjo SI, Cunha-Oliveira T. Metabolic Priming as a Tool in Redox and Mitochondrial Theragnostics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051072. [PMID: 37237939 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Theragnostics is a promising approach that integrates diagnostics and therapeutics into a single personalized strategy. To conduct effective theragnostic studies, it is essential to create an in vitro environment that accurately reflects the in vivo conditions. In this review, we discuss the importance of redox homeostasis and mitochondrial function in the context of personalized theragnostic approaches. Cells have several ways to respond to metabolic stress, including changes in protein localization, density, and degradation, which can promote cell survival. However, disruption of redox homeostasis can lead to oxidative stress and cellular damage, which are implicated in various diseases. Models of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction should be developed in metabolically conditioned cells to explore the underlying mechanisms of diseases and develop new therapies. By choosing an appropriate cellular model, adjusting cell culture conditions and validating the cellular model, it is possible to identify the most promising therapeutic options and tailor treatments to individual patients. Overall, we highlight the importance of precise and individualized approaches in theragnostics and the need to develop accurate in vitro models that reflect the in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia A Pinho
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- PDBEB-PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra I Anjo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- IIIUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- IIIUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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4
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Schiavi A, Salveridou E, Brinkmann V, Shaik A, Menzel R, Kalyanasundaram S, Nygård S, Nilsen H, Ventura N. Mitochondria hormesis delays aging and associated diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans impacting on key ferroptosis players. iScience 2023; 26:106448. [PMID: 37020951 PMCID: PMC10067770 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive iron accumulation or deficiency leads to a variety of pathologies in humans and developmental arrest in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Instead, sub-lethal iron depletion extends C. elegans lifespan. Hypoxia preconditioning protects against severe hypoxia-induced neuromuscular damage across species but it has low feasible application. In this study, we assessed the potential beneficial effects of genetic and chemical interventions acting via mild iron instead of oxygen depletion. We show that limiting iron availability in C. elegans through frataxin silencing or the iron chelator bipyridine, similar to hypoxia preconditioning, protects against hypoxia-, age-, and proteotoxicity-induced neuromuscular deficits. Mechanistically, our data suggest that the beneficial effects elicited by frataxin silencing are in part mediated by counteracting ferroptosis, a form of non-apoptotic cell death mediated by iron-induced lipid peroxidation. This is achieved by impacting on different key ferroptosis players and likely via gpx-independent redox systems. We thus point to ferroptosis inhibition as a novel potential strategy to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Schiavi
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Salveridou
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vanessa Brinkmann
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anjumara Shaik
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Sumana Kalyanasundaram
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute for Medical Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Esculetin Provides Neuroprotection against Mutant Huntingtin-Induced Toxicity in Huntington's Disease Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101044. [PMID: 34681268 PMCID: PMC8541026 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an abnormal CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion within exon 1 of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. This mutation leads to the production of mutant HTT (mHTT) protein which triggers neuronal death through several mechanisms. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of esculetin (ESC), a bioactive phenolic compound, in an inducible PC12 model and a transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model of HD, both of which express mHTT fragments. ESC partially inhibited the progression of mHTT aggregation and reduced neuronal death through its ability to counteract the oxidative stress and mitochondria impairment elicited by mHTT in the PC12 model. The ability of ESC to counteract neuronal death was also confirmed in the transgenic Drosophila model. Although ESC did not modify the lifespan of the transgenic Drosophila, it still seemed to have a positive impact on the HD phenotype of this model. Based on our findings, ESC may be further studied as a potential neuroprotective agent in a rodent transgenic model of HD.
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Neuroprotective Potential of Mild Uncoupling in Mitochondria. Pros and Cons. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11081050. [PMID: 34439669 PMCID: PMC8392724 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an explosion of interest in the use of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria in the treatment of several pathologies, including neurological ones. In this review, we analyzed all the mechanisms associated with mitochondrial uncoupling and the metabolic and signaling cascades triggered by uncouplers. We provide a full set of positive and negative effects that should be taken into account when using uncouplers in experiments and clinical practice.
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7
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Ostojic SM, Ratgeber L, Olah A, Betlehem J, Pongras A. What do over-trained athletes and patients with neurodegenerative diseases have in common? Mitochondrial dysfunction. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1241-1243. [PMID: 33554650 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221990619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Under pathological conditions and excessive stress, mitochondria may experience a severe and irreversible loss of function. Both strenuous exhaustive exercise and neurodegenerative disorders appear to share defects in mitochondrial function that may fiercely disrupt the integrity and homeostasis of the organelle, leading to perennial pathological substrates. Here, we overview similarities of mitochondrial dysfunction in two conditions and discuss possible areas of interdisciplinary collaboration and research translation between sports medicine and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej M Ostojic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Ratgeber
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andras Olah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Betlehem
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Acs Pongras
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
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8
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Nourse JB, Harshefi G, Marom A, Karmi A, Cohen Ben-Ami H, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA, Treinin M. Conserved nicotine-activated neuroprotective pathways involve mitochondrial stress. iScience 2021; 24:102140. [PMID: 33665559 PMCID: PMC7900352 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for several human diseases. Conversely, smoking also reduces the prevalence of Parkinson's disease, whose hallmark is degeneration of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons (DNs). We use C. elegans as a model to investigate whether tobacco-derived nicotine activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) to selectively protect DNs. Using this model, we demonstrate conserved functions of DN-expressed nAChRs. We find that DOP-2, a D3-receptor homolog; MCU-1, a mitochondrial calcium uniporter; PINK-1 (PTEN-induced kinase 1); and PDR-1 (Parkin) are required for nicotine-mediated protection of DNs. Together, our results support involvement of a calcium-modulated, mitochondrial stress-activated PINK1/Parkin-dependent pathway in nicotine-induced neuroprotection. This suggests that nicotine-selective protection of substantia nigra DNs is due to the confluence of two factors: first, their unique vulnerability to mitochondrial stress, which is mitigated by increased mitochondrial quality control due to PINK1 activation, and second, their specific expression of D3-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brucker Nourse
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 35487 AL, USA
| | - Gilad Harshefi
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Adi Marom
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Abdelrahaman Karmi
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Hagit Cohen Ben-Ami
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 35487 AL, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, 35294 AL, USA
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, 35487 AL, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, 35294 AL, USA
| | - Millet Treinin
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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