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Olcum M, Fan S, Rouhi L, Cheedipudi S, Cathcart B, Jeong HH, Zhao Z, Gurha P, Marian AJ. Genetic inactivation of β-catenin is salubrious, whereas its activation is deleterious in desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2712-2728. [PMID: 37625794 PMCID: PMC11032201 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Mutations in the DSP gene encoding desmoplakin, a constituent of the desmosomes at the intercalated discs (IDs), cause a phenotype that spans arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and dilated cardiomyopathy. It is typically characterized by biventricular enlargement and dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, cell death, and arrhythmias. The canonical wingless-related integration (cWNT)/β-catenin pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of ACM. The β-catenin is an indispensable co-transcriptional regulator of the cWNT pathway and a member of the IDs. We genetically inactivated or activated β-catenin to determine its role in the pathogenesis of desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS The Dsp gene was conditionally deleted in the 2-week-old post-natal cardiac myocytes using tamoxifen-inducible MerCreMer mice (Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F). The cWNT/β-catenin pathway was markedly dysregulated in the Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F cardiac myocytes, as indicated by a concomitant increase in the expression of cWNT/β-catenin target genes, isoforms of its key co-effectors, and the inhibitors of the pathway. The β-catenin was inactivated or activated upon inducible deletion of its transcriptional or degron domain, respectively, in the Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F cardiac myocytes. Genetic inactivation of β-catenin in the Myh6-McmTam:DspF/F mice prolonged survival, improved cardiac function, reduced cardiac arrhythmias, and attenuated myocardial fibrosis, and cell death caused by apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, i.e. PANoptosis. In contrast, activation of β-catenin had the opposite effects. The deleterious and the salubrious effects were independent of changes in the expression levels of the cWNT target genes and were associated with changes in several molecular and biological pathways, including cell death programmes. CONCLUSION The cWNT/β-catenin was markedly dysregulated in the cardiac myocytes in a mouse model of desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. Inactivation of β-catenin attenuated, whereas its activation aggravated the phenotype, through multiple molecular pathways, independent of the cWNT transcriptional activity. Thus, suppression but not activation of β-catenin might be beneficial in desmoplakin cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Olcum
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siyang Fan
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leila Rouhi
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sirisha Cheedipudi
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin Cathcart
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun-Hwan Jeong
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priyatansh Gurha
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ali J Marian
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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2
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Uscategui Calderon M, Gonzalez BA, Yutzey KE. Cardiomyocyte-fibroblast crosstalk in the postnatal heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1163331. [PMID: 37077417 PMCID: PMC10106698 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1163331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During the postnatal period in mammals, the heart undergoes significant remodeling in response to increased circulatory demands. In the days after birth, cardiac cells, including cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, progressively lose embryonic characteristics concomitant with the loss of the heart’s ability to regenerate. Moreover, postnatal cardiomyocytes undergo binucleation and cell cycle arrest with induction of hypertrophic growth, while cardiac fibroblasts proliferate and produce extracellular matrix (ECM) that transitions from components that support cellular maturation to production of the mature fibrous skeleton of the heart. Recent studies have implicated interactions of cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes within the maturing ECM environment to promote heart maturation in the postnatal period. Here, we review the relationships of different cardiac cell types and the ECM as the heart undergoes both structural and functional changes during development. Recent advances in the field, particularly in several recently published transcriptomic datasets, have highlighted specific signaling mechanisms that underlie cellular maturation and demonstrated the biomechanical interdependence of cardiac fibroblast and cardiomyocyte maturation. There is increasing evidence that postnatal heart development in mammals is dependent on particular ECM components and that resulting changes in biomechanics influence cell maturation. These advances, in definition of cardiac fibroblast heterogeneity and function in relation to cardiomyocyte maturation and the extracellular environment provide, support for complex cell crosstalk in the postnatal heart with implications for heart regeneration and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Uscategui Calderon
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Brittany A. Gonzalez
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Katherine E. Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Katherine E. Yutzey,
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3
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Balatskyi VV, Sowka A, Dobrzyn P, Piven OO. WNT/β-catenin pathway is a key regulator of cardiac function and energetic metabolism. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13912. [PMID: 36599355 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The WNT/β-catenin pathway is a master regulator of cardiac development and growth, and its activity is low in healthy adult hearts. However, even this low activity is essential for maintaining normal heart function. Acute activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade is considered to be cardioprotective after infarction through the upregulation of prosurvival genes and reprogramming of metabolism. Chronically high WNT/β-catenin pathway activity causes profibrotic and hypertrophic effects in the adult heart. New data suggest more complex functions of β-catenin in metabolic maturation of the perinatal heart, establishing an adult pattern of glucose and fatty acid utilization. Additionally, low basal activity of the WNT/β-catenin cascade maintains oxidative metabolism in the adult heart, and this pathway is reactivated by physiological or pathological stimuli to meet the higher energy needs of the heart. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the organization of canonical WNT signaling and its function in cardiogenesis, heart maturation, adult heart function, and remodeling. We also discuss the role of the WNT/β-catenin pathway in cardiac glucose, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V Balatskyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Sowka
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oksana O Piven
- Laboratory of Molecular Medical Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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4
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Liang Z, Zhang N, Wang X, Zhang J, Li K, Lei T. Epothilone B inactivation of Sirtuin1 promotes mitochondrial reactive oxygen species to induce dysfunction and ferroptosis of Schwann cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 181:106350. [PMID: 36496165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epothilone B (EpoB) is an FDA-approved anti-neoplastic agent used to treat metastatic breast cancer; However, its usage is limited due to its severe peripheral neurotoxicity. Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death triggered by iron accumulation, and it is induced by lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis has been linked to multiple diseases, including cancer, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we assessed the role of ferroptosis in EpoB-induced neural dysfunction. Our results revealed that EpoB induced ferroptosis, which was significantly reduced by the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1. In addition, EpoB decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and the cytochrome c levels in Schwann cells (SCs). The antioxidant MitoTEMPO, which targets the mitochondria, reduced ferroptosis brought on by EpoB. Moreover, we demonstrated that in vivo EpoB-induced myelin degradation and neuronal dysfunction were mitigated by SRT1720, a Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) activator, and by SRT1720 and mitoquinone mesylate (mitoQ). Our results suggest that ferroptosis elicited by EpoB is caused by mitochondrial damage mediated by SIRT1 inactivation and that ferroptosis causes neural dysfunction following EpoB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Liang
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xuankang Wang
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Kun Li
- Xijing Orthopaedics Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
| | - Tao Lei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
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5
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Ni B, Sun M, Zhao J, Wang J, Cao Z. The role of β-catenin in cardiac diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1157043. [PMID: 37033656 PMCID: PMC10073558 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1157043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a classical Wnt pathway that regulates the stability and nuclear localization of β-catenin and plays an important role in adult heart development and cardiac tissue homeostasis. In recent years, an increasing number of researchers have implicated the dysregulation of this signaling pathway in a variety of cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathies, and myocardial hypertrophy. The morbidity and mortality of cardiac diseases are increasing, which brings great challenges to clinical treatment and seriously affects patient health. Thus, understanding the biological roles of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in these diseases may be essential for cardiac disease treatment and diagnosis to improve patient quality of life. In this review, we summarize current research on the roles of β-catenin in human cardiac diseases and potential inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin, which may provide new strategies for cardiac disease therapies.
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6
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Du Z, Zhu T, Lin M, Bao Y, Qiao J, Lv G, Xie Y, Li Q, Quan J, Xu C, Xie Y, Wang L, Yang W, Wang S, Wu L, Yin T, Xie Y. A novel mutation in human
EMD
gene and mitochondrial dysfunction in emerin knockdown cardiomyocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:5054-5066. [PMID: 36106556 PMCID: PMC9549503 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerin is an inner nuclear envelope protein encoded by the EMD gene, mutations in which cause Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy type 1 (EDMD1). Cardiac involvement has become a major threat to patients with EDMD1; however, the cardiovascular phenotype spectrums of emerinopathy and the mechanisms by which emerin regulates cardiac pathophysiology remain unclear. Here, we identified a novel nonsense mutation (c.C57G, p.Y19X) in the EMD gene in a Han Chinese family through high‐throughput sequencing. Two family members were found to have EDMD1 with muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmia. Mechanistically, we first discovered that knockdown of emerin in HL‐1 or H9C2 cardiomyocytes lead to impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity with downregulation of electron transport chain complex I and IV and upregulation of complex III and V. Moreover, loss of emerin in HL‐1 cells resulted in collapsed mitochondrial membrane potential, altered mitochondrial networks and downregulated multiple factors in RNA and protein level, such as PGC1α, DRP1, MFF, MFN2, which are involved in regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, fission and fusion. Our findings suggest that targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics might be an effective strategy against cardiac disorders caused by EMD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunhui Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Tinfang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Menglu Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yangyang Bao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Gang Lv
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yinyin Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qihen Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jinwei Quan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Cathy Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Lingjie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Shengyue Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Liqun Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Tong Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yucai Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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7
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, largely due to the limited regenerative capacity of the adult human heart. In contrast, teleost zebrafish hearts possess natural regeneration capacity by proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes after injury. Hearts of mice can regenerate if injured in a few days after birth, which coincides with the transient capacity for cardiomyocyte proliferation. This review tends to elaborate the roles and mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in heart development and regeneration in mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates. RECENT FINDINGS Studies in zebrafish, mice, and human embryonic stem cells demonstrate the binary effect for Wnt/β-catenin signaling during heart development. Both Wnts and Wnt antagonists are induced in multiple cell types during cardiac development and injury repair. In this review, we summarize composites of the Wnt signaling pathway and their different action routes, followed by the discussion of their involvements in cardiac specification, proliferation, and patterning. We provide overviews about canonical and non-canonical Wnt activity during heart homeostasis, remodeling, and regeneration. Wnt/β-catenin signaling exhibits biphasic and antagonistic effects on cardiac specification and differentiation depending on the stage of embryogenesis. Inhibition of Wnt signaling is beneficial for cardiac wound healing and functional recovery after injury. Understanding of the roles and mechanisms of Wnt signaling pathway in injured animal hearts will contribute to the development of potential therapeutics for human diseased hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jianjian Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510100, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao P Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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8
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Roy S, Sinha N, Huang B, Cline-Fedewa H, Gleicher N, Wang J, Sen A. Jumonji Domain-containing Protein-3 (JMJD3/Kdm6b) Is Critical for Normal Ovarian Function and Female Fertility. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6565906. [PMID: 35396990 PMCID: PMC9070484 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In females, reproductive success is dependent on the expression of a number of genes regulated at different levels, one of which is through epigenetic modulation. How a specific epigenetic modification regulates gene expression and their downstream effect on ovarian function are important for understanding the female reproductive process. The trimethylation of histone3 at lysine27 (H3K27me3) is associated with gene repression. JMJD3 (or KDM6b), a jumonji domain-containing histone demethylase specifically catalyzes the demethylation of H3K27me3, that positively influences gene expression. This study reports that the expression of JMJD3 specifically in the ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) is critical for maintaining normal female fertility. Conditional deletion of Jmjd3 in the GCs results in a decreased number of total healthy follicles, disrupted estrous cycle, and increased follicular atresia culminating in subfertility and premature ovarian failure. At the molecular level, the depletion of Jmjd3 and RNA-seq analysis reveal that JMJD3 is essential for mitochondrial function. JMJD3-mediated reduction of H3K27me3 induces the expression of Lif (Leukemia inhibitory factor) and Ctnnb1 (β-catenin), that in turn regulate the expression of key mitochondrial genes critical for the electron transport chain. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA content is also significantly decreased in Jmjd3 null GCs. Additionally, we have uncovered that the expression of Jmjd3 in GCs decreases with age, both in mice and in humans. Thus, in summary, our studies highlight the critical role of JMJD3 in nuclear-mitochondrial genome coordination that is essential for maintaining normal ovarian function and female fertility and underscore a potential role of JMJD3 in female reproductive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambit Roy
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Niharika Sinha
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Binbin Huang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Holly Cline-Fedewa
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Jianrong Wang
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: Aritro Sen, PhD, Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Sciences, 766 Service Rd, Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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9
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Abstract
The adult mammalian heart is recalcitrant to regeneration after injury, in part due to the postmitotic nature of cardiomyocytes. Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiomyocyte proliferation in fetal or neonatal mammals and in regenerative non-mammalian models depends on a conducive metabolic state. Results from numerous studies in adult hearts indicate that conditions of relatively low fatty acid oxidation, low reactive oxygen species generation, and high glycolysis are required for induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Glycolysis appears particularly important because it provides branchpoint metabolites for several biosynthetic pathways that are essential for synthesis of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars, amino acids, and glycerophospholipids, all of which are required for daughter cell formation. In addition, the proliferative cardiomyocyte phenotype is supported in part by relatively low oxygen tensions and through the actions of critical transcription factors, coactivators, and signaling pathways that promote a more glycolytic and proliferative cardiomyocyte phenotype, such as hypoxia inducible factor 1α (Hif1α), Yes-associated protein (Yap), and ErbB2. Interventions that inhibit glycolysis or its integrated biosynthetic pathways almost universally impair cardiomyocyte proliferative capacity. Furthermore, metabolic enzymes that augment biosynthetic capacity such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 and pyruvate kinase M2 appear to be amplifiers of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Collectively, these studies suggest that acquisition of a glycolytic and biosynthetic metabolic phenotype is a sine qua non of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Further knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms that control substrate partitioning to coordinate biosynthesis with energy provision could be leveraged to prompt or augment cardiomyocyte division and to promote cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M A Mohamed
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Corresponding authors: Tamer M.A. Mohamed, PhD, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, 580 S. Preston Street, Rm 121A, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Riham Abouleisa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Bradford G Hill
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Bradford G. Hill, PhD, Department of Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, 580 S. Preston Street, Rm 321E, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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