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Enzian P, Rahmanzadeh R. Photochemical Internalization with Fimaporfin: Enhanced Bleomycin Treatment for Head and Neck Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2040. [PMID: 37631254 PMCID: PMC10458762 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) still represents the world's sixth most common tumor entity, with increasing incidence. The reachability of light makes HNSCC suitable for light-based therapies such as Photochemical Internalization (PCI). The drug Bleomycin is cytotoxic and used as an anti-tumor medication. Since Bleomycin is endocytosed as a relatively large molecule, part of it is degraded in lysosomes before reaching its intracellular target. The goal of our study was to improve the intracellular availability of Bleomycin with PCI. We investigate the intracellular delivery of Bleomycin after PCI with the photosensitizer Fimaporfin. A systematic variation of Bleomycin and Fimaporfin concentrations and light irradiation led to the pronounced cell death of HNSCC cells. After optimization, the same level of tumor cell death of 75% was reached with a 20-fold lower Bleomycin concentration. This would allow treatment of HNSCC with high local tumor cell death and reduce the side effects of Bleomycin, e.g., lung fibrosis, at the same time. This demonstrates the increased efficacy of the anti-tumor medication Bleomycin in combination with PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramtin Rahmanzadeh
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
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2
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Polli JR, Chen P, Bordeau BM, Balthasar JP. Targeted Delivery of Endosomal Escape Peptides to Enhance Immunotoxin Potency and Anti-cancer Efficacy. AAPS J 2022; 24:47. [PMID: 35338415 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-022-00698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes use of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies (10H6, T84.66) for targeted delivery of an endosomal escape peptide (H6CM18) and gelonin, a type I ribosome inactivating protein. The viability of colorectal cancer cells (LS174T, LoVo) was assessed following treatment with gelonin or gelonin immunotoxins, with or without co-treatment with T84.66-H6CM18. Fluorescent microscopy was used to visualize the escape of immunoconjugates from endosomes of treated cells, and efficacy and toxicity were assessed in vivo in xenograft tumor-bearing mice following single- and multiple-dose regimens. Application of 25 pM T84.66-H6CM18 combined with T84.66-gelonin increased gelonin potency by ~ 1,000-fold and by ~ 6,000-fold in LS174T and LoVo cells. Intravenous 10H6-gelonin at 1.0 mg/kg was well tolerated by LS174T tumor-bearing mice, while 10 and 25 mg/kg doses led to signs of toxicity. Single-dose administration of PBS, gelonin conjugated to T84.66 or 10H6, T84.66-H6CM18, or gelonin immunotoxins co-administered with T84.66-H6CM18 were evaluated. The combinations of T84.66-gelonin + 1.0 mg/kg T84.66-H6CM18 and 10H6-gelonin + 0.1 mg/kg T84.66-H6CM18 led to significant delays in LS174T growth. Use of a multiple-dose regimen allowed further anti-tumor effects, significantly extending median survival time by 33% and by 69%, for mice receiving 1 mg/kg 10H6-gelonin + 0.1 mg/kg T84.66-H6CM18 (p = 0.0072) and 1 mg/kg 10H6-gelonin + 1 mg/kg T84.66-H6CM18 (p = 0.0017). Combined administration of gelonin immunoconjugates with antibody-targeted endosomal escape peptides increased the delivery of gelonin to the cytoplasm of targeted cells, increased gelonin cell killing in vitro by 1,000-6,000 fold, and significantly increased in vivo efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ryan Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Brandon M Bordeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Joseph P Balthasar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA.
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3
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Raghav PK, Mann Z. Cancer stem cells targets and combined therapies to prevent cancer recurrence. Life Sci 2021; 277:119465. [PMID: 33831426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) control the dynamics of tumorigenesis by self-renewal ability and differentiation potential. These properties contribute towards tumor malignancy, metastasis, cellular heterogeneity, and immune escape, which are regulated by multiple signaling pathways. The CSCs are chemoresistant and cause cancer recurrence, generally recognized as a small side-population that eventually leads to tumor relapse. Despite many treatment options available, none can be considered entirely efficient due to a lack of specificity and dose limitation. This review primarily highlights the processes involved in CSCs development and maintenance. Secondly, the current effective therapies based on stem cells, cell-free therapies that involve exosomes and miRNAs, and photodynamic therapy have been discussed. Also, the inhibitors that specifically target various signaling pathways, which can be used in combination to control CSCs kinetics have been highlighted. Conclusively, this comprehensive review is a detailed study of recently developed novel treatment strategies that will facilitate in coming up with better-targeted approaches against CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoya Mann
- Independent Researcher, New Delhi, India
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4
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Wong JJW, Berstad MB, Fremstedal ASV, Berg K, Patzke S, Sørensen V, Peng Q, Selbo PK, Weyergang A. Photochemically-Induced Release of Lysosomal Sequestered Sunitinib: Obstacles for Therapeutic Efficacy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020417. [PMID: 32053965 PMCID: PMC7072415 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal accumulation of sunitinib has been suggested as an underlying mechanism of resistance. Here, we investigated if photochemical internalization (PCI), a technology for cytosolic release of drugs entrapped in endosomes and lysosomes, would activate lysosomal sequestered sunitinib. By super-resolution fluorescence microscopy, sunitinib was found to accumulate in the membrane of endo/lysosomal compartments together with the photosensitizer disulfonated tetraphenylchlorin (TPCS2a). Furthermore, the treatment effect was potentiated by PCI in the human HT-29 and the mouse CT26.WT colon cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic outcome of sunitinib-PCI was, however, highly dependent on the treatment protocol. Thus, neoadjuvant PCI inhibited lysosomal accumulation of sunitinib. PCI also inhibited lysosomal sequestering of sunitinib in HT29/SR cells with acquired sunitinib resistance, but did not reverse the resistance. The mechanism of acquired sunitinib resistance in HT29/SR cells was therefore not related to lysosomal sequestering. Sunitinib-PCI was further evaluated on HT-29 xenografts in athymic mice, but was found to induce only a minor effect on tumor growth delay. In immunocompetent mice sunitinib-PCI enhanced areas of treatment-induced necrosis compared to the monotherapy groups. However, the tumor growth was not delayed, and decreased infiltration of CD3-positive T cells was indicated as a possible mechanism behind the failed overall response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Jing Wen Wong
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (J.J.W.W.); (M.B.B.); (A.S.V.F); (K.B.); (S.B.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Maria Brandal Berstad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (J.J.W.W.); (M.B.B.); (A.S.V.F); (K.B.); (S.B.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Ane Sofie Viset Fremstedal
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (J.J.W.W.); (M.B.B.); (A.S.V.F); (K.B.); (S.B.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (J.J.W.W.); (M.B.B.); (A.S.V.F); (K.B.); (S.B.); (P.K.S.)
- Section for Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sebastian Patzke
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (J.J.W.W.); (M.B.B.); (A.S.V.F); (K.B.); (S.B.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Vigdis Sørensen
- Department of Core Facilities and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Pål Kristian Selbo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (J.J.W.W.); (M.B.B.); (A.S.V.F); (K.B.); (S.B.); (P.K.S.)
| | - Anette Weyergang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (J.J.W.W.); (M.B.B.); (A.S.V.F); (K.B.); (S.B.); (P.K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-227-81-481
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Shin D, Nguyen L, T Le M, Ju D, N Le J, Berg K, Hirschberg H. The effects of low irradiance long duration photochemical internalization on glioma spheroids. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:442-447. [PMID: 31075319 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT), if given over extended time periods (i.e. hours or days) and at very low irradiance in the μW/cm2 range, has been shown to be more effective than acute PDT (aPDT) administered over minutes. This has led to the concept of metronomic PDT (mPDT), which consists of ultra-low irradiance light illumination for extended periods of time along with either continuous or repetitive delivery of photosensitizer. Since the drug activating technology photochemical internalization (PCI) is based on PDT it seemed reasonable to expect that ultra-low irradiance, if administered over an extended period of time, could nevertheless result in effective metronomic PCI (mPCI) comparable to or more effective than that obtained with relatively high and short irradiance i.e. acute PCI (aPCI). METHODS Tumor spheroids consisting of F98 cells were used as in-vitro tumor models. The amphiphilic photosensitizer Al phthalocyanine disulfonate (AlPcS2a) was used for all PCI experiments. Light treatment was administered from a diode laser at λ=670 nm at various irradiance exposures of 2 mW/cm2 for aPCI and 0.05 - 0.2 mW/cm2 for mPCI with durations ranging from 3 to 12 min for aPCI and 120 min for mPCI. RESULTS AlPcS2a fluorescence was seen throughout the cytosol following short or long light treatment, corresponding to aPCI and mPCI respectively. Spheroid growth was significantly inhibited or completely suppressed at a mPCI radiance of 0.05 or 0.72 J/cm2 respectively, with all bleomycin (BLM) concentrations used, compared to either BLM alone or aPCI at radiant exposure at these levels. The effects of BLM-aPCI and mPCI were comparable at radiance levels of 0.96 and 1.44 J/cm2. CONCLUSIONS Results show that mPCI could effectively cause significant spheroid growth inhibition with the delivery of extremely low light irradiance rates delivered over an extended period of time. These findings suggest that effective implementation of mPCI can deliver adequate drug efficacy at depths necessary to reach infiltrating glioma cells in the surgical resection cavity wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Shin
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA.
| | - Lina Nguyen
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Mai T Le
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - David Ju
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Jimmy N Le
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Kristian Berg
- Dept. of Radiation Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henry Hirschberg
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine 1002 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
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Adigbli DK, Pye H, Seebaluck J, Loizidou M, MacRobert AJ. The intracellular redox environment modulates the cytotoxic efficacy of single and combination chemotherapy in breast cancer cells using photochemical internalisation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:25861-25874. [PMID: 35530074 PMCID: PMC9070005 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The redox environment modulates photochemical internalization of an entrapped cytotoxic agent. Administration of light depicted by jagged arrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick K. Adigbli
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Hayley Pye
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Jason Seebaluck
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Marilena Loizidou
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- London
- UK
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Cuccato N, Nardo L, Kristensen S, Hjorth Tønnesen H, Lilletvedt Tovsen M. Solubilization of the chlorin TPCS 2a in the presence of Pluronic ® F127/Tween 80 mixtures. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:513-520. [PMID: 30136636 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1515955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of surfactant mixtures of Pluronic® F127 and Tween 80 at overall concentration in the micromolar range and molar ratio 1:1, 1:10, and 10:1 in inhibiting aggregation of the photosensitizer meso-tetraphenyl chlorin disulphonate (TPCS2a) was investigated in aqueous media at pH 2.9 by means of steady-state absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopy as well as time-resolved fluorescence analysis. Corresponding experiments were performed at pH 7.4 in the absence of surfactants to determine the spectroscopic properties of a monomeric sample. Aggregation resulted in a red shift of the Soret absorption band and in substantial fluorescence quenching. The fluorescence lifetime of TPCS2a was a particularly sensitive indicator of the aggregation state, as the monomer at pH 7.4 decayed with a ∼ 10 ns time constant, while aggregation resulted in subnanosecond decay. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant mixtures was determined spectrophotometrically in the presence of TPCS2a. The ability of the surfactant mixtures to prevent aggregation at acidic pH was evaluated at overall surfactant concentration below and above CMC. Solubilization of TPCS2a in Pluronic® F127/Tween 80 mixtures prevented aggregation of the photosensitizer at overall surfactant concentrations much lower than those needed for both pure Pluronic® F127 and pure Tween 80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cuccato
- a Department of Science and High Technology , University of Insubria , Como , Italy
| | - Luca Nardo
- b Department of Medicine and Surgery , University of Milano Bicocca , Vedano al Lambro , Italy
| | - Solveig Kristensen
- c School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy - Division Pharmaceutics - PharmaLuxLab , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Hanne Hjorth Tønnesen
- c School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy - Division Pharmaceutics - PharmaLuxLab , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Marianne Lilletvedt Tovsen
- c School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy - Division Pharmaceutics - PharmaLuxLab , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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8
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Madsen S. Photochemical internalisation for solid malignancies. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:1173-4. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Benov L. Photodynamic therapy: current status and future directions. Med Princ Pract 2015; 24 Suppl 1:14-28. [PMID: 24820409 PMCID: PMC6489067 DOI: 10.1159/000362416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic modality used for the management of a variety of cancers and benign diseases. The destruction of unwanted cells and tissues in PDT is achieved by the use of visible or near-infrared radiation to activate a light-absorbing compound (a photosensitizer, PS), which, in the presence of molecular oxygen, leads to the production of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. These cytotoxic species damage and kill target cells. The development of new PSs with properties optimized for PDT applications is crucial for the improvement of the therapeutic outcome. This review outlines the principles of PDT and discusses the relationship between the structure and physicochemical properties of a PS, its cellular uptake and subcellular localization, and its effect on PDT outcome and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmil Benov
- *Ludmil Benov, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110 (Kuwait), E-Mail
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Jayakumar MKG, Bansal A, Huang K, Yao R, Li BN, Zhang Y. Near-infrared-light-based nano-platform boosts endosomal escape and controls gene knockdown in vivo. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4848-4858. [PMID: 24730360 DOI: 10.1021/nn500777n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Current nanoparticle-based gene delivery techniques face two major limitations, namely, endosomal degradation and poor cytosolic release of the nanoparticles and nonspecificity of treatment. These limitations can be overcome with certain light-based techniques, such as photochemical internalization to enable endosomal escape of the delivered nanoparticles and light-controlled gene expression to overcome the nonspecific effects. However, these techniques require UV/visible light, which is either phototoxic and/or has low tissue penetration capabilities, thus preventing their use in deep tissues in a clinical setting. In an effort to overcome these barriers, we have successfully demonstrated a light-based gene delivery system that significantly boosts cytosolic gene delivery, with precise control over gene expression and the potential for use in nonsuperficial tissues. Core-shell fluorescent upconversion nanoparticles excited by highly penetrating near-infrared radiation and emitting simultaneously in the ultraviolet and visible ranges were synthesized and used as remote nanotransducers to simultaneously activate endosomal escape and gene knockdown. Gene knockdown using photomorpholinos was enhanced as much as 30% in vitro compared to the control without endosomal escape facilitation. A similar trend was seen in vivo in a murine melanoma model, demonstrating the enormous clinical potential of this system.
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Vikdal M, Weyergang A, Selbo PK, Berg K. Vascular endothelial cells as targets for photochemical internalization (PCI). Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:1185-92. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vikdal
- Department of Radiation Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; the Norwegian Radium Hospital; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo; Norway
| | - Anette Weyergang
- Department of Radiation Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; the Norwegian Radium Hospital; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo; Norway
| | | | - Kristian Berg
- Department of Radiation Biology; Institute for Cancer Research; the Norwegian Radium Hospital; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo; Norway
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Photochemical internalization (PCI) of HER2-targeted toxins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1849-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Weyergang A, Selbo PK, Berstad MEB, Bostad M, Berg K. Photochemical internalization of tumor-targeted protein toxins. Lasers Surg Med 2011; 43:721-33. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Berg K, Nordstrand S, Selbo PK, Tran DTT, Angell-Petersen E, Høgset A. Disulfonated tetraphenyl chlorin (TPCS2a), a novel photosensitizer developed for clinical utilization of photochemical internalization. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1637-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05128h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Selbo PK, Weyergang A, Høgset A, Norum OJ, Berstad MB, Vikdal M, Berg K. Photochemical internalization provides time- and space-controlled endolysosomal escape of therapeutic molecules. J Control Release 2010; 148:2-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Time-domain evaluation of drug–solvent interactions of the photosensitizers TPCS2a and TPPS2a as part of physicochemical characterization. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Woodhams J, Lou PJ, Selbo PK, Mosse A, Oukrif D, MacRobert A, Novelli M, Peng Q, Berg K, Bown SG. Intracellular re-localisation by photochemical internalisation enhances the cytotoxic effect of gelonin — Quantitative studies in normal rat liver. J Control Release 2010; 142:347-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Photochemical internalization: a new tool for gene and oligonucleotide delivery. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 296:251-81. [PMID: 21504105 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technology for release of endocytosed macromolecules into the cytosol. The technology is based on the use of photosensitizers located in endocytic vesicles. Upon activation by light such photosensitizers induce a release of macromolecules from their compartmentalization in endocytic vesicles. PCI has been shown to increase the biological activity of a large variety of macromolecules and other molecules that do not readily penetrate the plasma membrane, including type I ribosome-inactivating proteins, immunotoxins, plasmids, adenovirus, various oligonucleotides, dendrimer-based delivery of chemotherapeutica and unconjugated chemotherapeutica such as bleomycin and doxorubicin. This review will present the basis for the PCI concept and the most recent significant developments.
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Selbo PK, Rosenblum MG, Cheung LH, Zhang W, Berg K. Multi-modality therapeutics with potent anti-tumor effects: photochemical internalization enhances delivery of the fusion toxin scFvMEL/rGel. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6691. [PMID: 19690617 PMCID: PMC2723936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for drug delivery systems (DDS) that can enhance cytosolic delivery of anti-cancer drugs trapped in the endo-lysosomal compartments. Exposure of cells to specific photosensitizers followed by light exposure (photochemical internalization, PCI) results in transfer of agents from the endocytic compartment into the cytosol. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The recombinant single-chain fusion construct scFvMEL/rGel is composed of an antibody targeting the progenitor marker HMW-MAA/NG2/MGP/gp240 and the highly effective toxin gelonin (rGel). Here we demonstrate enhanced tumor cell selectivity, cytosolic delivery and anti-tumor activity by applying PCI of scFvMEL/rGel. PCI performed by light activation of cells co-incubated with scFvMEL/rGel and the endo-lysosomal targeting photosensitizers AlPcS(2a) or TPPS(2a) resulted in enhanced cytotoxic effects against antigen-positive cell lines, while no differences in cytotoxicity between the scFvMEL/rGel and rGel were observed in antigen-negative cells. Mice bearing well-developed melanoma (A-375) xenografts (50-100 mm(3)) were treated with PCI of scFvMEL/rGel. By 30 days after injection, approximately 100% of mice in the control groups had tumors>800 mm(3). In contrast, by day 40, 50% of mice in the PCI of scFvMEL/rGel combination group had tumors<800 mm(3) with no increase in tumor size up to 110 days. PCI of scFvMEL/rGel resulted in a synergistic effect (p<0.05) and complete regression (CR) in 33% of tumor-bearing mice (n = 12). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This is a unique demonstration that a non-invasive multi-modality approach combining a recombinant, targeted therapeutic such as scFvMEL/rGel and PCI act in concert to provide potent in vivo efficacy without sacrificing selectivity or enhancing toxicity. The present DDS warrants further evaluation of its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål K Selbo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Alvegård T, Hall KS, Bauer H, Rydholm A. The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group: 30 years' experience. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009; 80:1-104. [PMID: 19919379 DOI: 10.1080/17453690610046602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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El-Sayed A, Futaki S, Harashima H. Delivery of macromolecules using arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides: ways to overcome endosomal entrapment. AAPS JOURNAL 2009; 11:13-22. [PMID: 19125334 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-008-9071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides (AR-CPPs) are very promising tools for the delivery of therapeutic macromolecules such as peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids. These peptides allow efficient internalization of the linked cargos intracellularly through the endocytic pathway. However, when linked to bulky cargos, entrapment in the endocytic vesicles is a major limitation to the application of these peptides in cytosolic delivery. Attachment of a compatible endosomal escape device is, therefore, necessary to allow cytosolic delivery of the peptide-attached cargo. This review presents different endosomal escape devices currently in application in combination with AR-CPPs. Applications of fusogenic lipids, membrane-disruptive peptides, membrane-disruptive polymers, lysosomotropic agents, and photochemical internalization to enhance the cytosolic delivery of AR-CPPs-attached cargos are presented. The properties of each system and its mechanism of action for the enhancement of endosomal escape are discussed, together with its applications for the delivery of different macromolecules in vitro and, if applicable, in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Sayed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12 Nishi 6, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan
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Juzeniene A, Peng Q, Moan J. Milestones in the development of photodynamic therapy and fluorescence diagnosis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2007; 6:1234-45. [PMID: 18046478 DOI: 10.1039/b705461k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many reviews on PDT have been published. This field is now so large, and embraces so many sub-specialties, from laser technology and optical penetration through diffusing media to a number of medical fields including dermatology, gastroenterology, ophthalmology, blood sterilization and treatment of microbial-viral diseases, that it is impossible to cover all aspects in a single review. Here, we will concentrate on a few basic aspects, all important for the route of development leading PDT to its present state: early work on hematoporphyrin and hematoporphyrin derivative, second and third generation photosensitizers, 5-aminolevulinic acid and its derivatives, oxygen and singlet oxygen, PDT effects on cell organelles, mutagenic potential, the basis for tumour selectivity, cell cooperativity, photochemical internalization, light penetration into tissue and the significance of oxygen depletion, photobleaching of photosensitizers, optimal light sources, effects on the immune system, and, finally, future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Juzeniene
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Center, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, N-0310, Oslo, Norway.
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Yip WL, Weyergang A, Berg K, Tønnesen HH, Selbo PK. Targeted Delivery and Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Cetuximab−Saporin by Photochemical Internalization in EGFR-Positive Cancer Cells. Mol Pharm 2007; 4:241-51. [PMID: 17263556 DOI: 10.1021/mp060105u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel technology of macromolecular delivery. By PCI, endocytosed membrane-impermeable therapeutic drugs are photochemically released from entrapment in endo-lysosomal compartments to the cytosol of target cells. In the present report, we describe the in vitro proof-of-concept for PCI of cetuximab-saporin, an immunotoxin targeting EGFR-expressing cells. This immunotoxin consists of the chimeric murine-human IgG1 monoclonal antibody cetuximab (C225 or Erbitux) bound to the type I ribosome-inactivating protein toxin saporin by a biotin-streptavidin linkage. The photochemical treatment enhanced the cytotoxicity of the immunotoxin in a synergistic manner in three different EGFR-expressing carcinoma cell lines derived from different tumor tissues (colorectal, HCT-116; prostate, DU-145; and epidermis, A-431). Both cytotoxicity of cetuximab-saporin and epifluorescence of Alexa488-cetuximab were evaluated by competition with cetuximab demonstrating specific binding and uptake of cetuximab-saporin in EGFR positive cells. In the EGFR-negative uterine sarcoma cell line MES-SA, neither binding nor preferential accumulation of Alexa488-cetuximab was detected. In addition, PCI enhanced the cytotoxicity of cetuximab-saporin to the same extent as streptavidin-saporin in the MES-SA cells. In conclusion, PCI enhances selectivity of the cytotoxicity of the immunotoxin cetuximab-saporin in EGFR-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Lam Yip
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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