1
|
Kim J, Lee S, Moodley Y, Yagnik L, Birnie D, Dwivedi G. The role of the host-microbiome and metabolomics in sarcoidosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1336-C1353. [PMID: 37746695 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00316.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a complex inflammatory fibrotic disease that affects multiple organ systems. It is characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes, which form non-caseating granulomas in affected organs. The lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes are the most commonly affected organs. The underlying cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, but it is believed to occur in genetically predisposed individuals who are exposed to pathogenic organisms, environmental contaminants, or self and non-self-antigens. Recent research has suggested that the microbiome may play a role in the development of respiratory conditions, including sarcoidosis. Additionally, metabolomic studies have identified potential biomarkers for monitoring sarcoidosis progression. This review will focus on recent microbiome and metabolomic findings in sarcoidosis, with the goal of shedding light on the pathogenesis and possible diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwoo Kim
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Silvia Lee
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yuben Moodley
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lokesh Yagnik
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Internal Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Birnie
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Girish Dwivedi
- Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Cardiovascular Imaging, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Draft Genome Sequences of Fungi Isolated from Mars 2020 Spacecraft Assembly Facilities. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0046422. [PMID: 36200893 PMCID: PMC9671001 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00464-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the Mars 2020 mission, several fungal strains were isolated from surfaces where spacecraft components were assembled. Draft genome sequencing and characterization will help identify the genes responsible for radiation resistance, supporting the development of countermeasures to prevent fungal contamination of extraterrestrial environments.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hong MJ, Hao MJ, Zhang GY, Li HJ, Shao ZZ, Liu XP, Ma WZ, Xu J, Mahmud T, Lan WJ. Exophilone, a Tetrahydrocarbazol-1-one Analogue with Anti-Pulmonary Fibrosis Activity from the Deep-Sea Fungus Exophiala oligosperma MCCC 3A01264. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070448. [PMID: 35877741 PMCID: PMC9317524 DOI: 10.3390/md20070448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A new compound, exophilone (1), together with nine known compounds (2–10), were isolated from a deep-sea-derived fungus, Exophiala oligosperma. Their chemical structures, including the absolute configuration of 1, were elucidated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Compounds were preliminarily screened for their ability to inhibit collagen accumulation. Compounds 1, 4, and 7 showed weaker inhibition of TGF-β1-induced total collagen accumulation in compared with pirfenidone (73.14% inhibition rate). However, pirfenidone exhibited cytotoxicity (77.57% survival rate), while compounds 1, 4, and 7 showed low cytotoxicity against the HFL1 cell line. Particularly, exophilone (1) showed moderate collagen deposition inhibition effect (60.44% inhibition rate) and low toxicity in HFL1 cells (98.14% survival rate) at a concentration of 10 μM. A molecular docking study suggests that exophilone (1) binds to both TGF-β1 and its receptor through hydrogen bonding interactions. Thus, exophilone (1) was identified as a promising anti-pulmonary fibrosis agent. It has the potential to be developed as a drug candidate for pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.-J.H.); (M.-J.H.); (G.-Y.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Meng-Jiao Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.-J.H.); (M.-J.H.); (G.-Y.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Guang-Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.-J.H.); (M.-J.H.); (G.-Y.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Hou-Jin Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Zong-Ze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.-Z.S.); (X.-P.L.)
| | - Xiu-Pian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China; (Z.-Z.S.); (X.-P.L.)
| | - Wen-Zhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 519020, Macau, China;
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.-J.H.); (M.-J.H.); (G.-Y.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Taifo Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Wen-Jian Lan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (M.-J.H.); (M.-J.H.); (G.-Y.Z.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-399-43-042
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shifera AS, Pockrandt C, Rincon N, Ge Y, Lu J, Varabyou A, Jedlicka AE, Sun K, Scott AL, Eberhart C, Thorne JE, Salzberg SL. Identification of microbial agents in tissue specimens of ocular and periocular sarcoidosis using a metagenomics approach. F1000Res 2021; 10:820. [PMID: 36212901 PMCID: PMC9515606 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.55090.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metagenomic sequencing has the potential to identify a wide range of pathogens in human tissue samples. Sarcoidosis is a complex disorder whose etiology remains unknown and for which a variety of infectious causes have been hypothesized. We sought to conduct metagenomic sequencing on cases of ocular and periocular sarcoidosis, none of them with previously identified infectious causes. Methods: Archival tissue specimens of 16 subjects with biopsies of ocular and periocular tissues that were positive for non-caseating granulomas were used as cases. Four archival tissue specimens that did not demonstrate non-caseating granulomas were also included as controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from tissue sections. DNA libraries were generated from the extracted genomic DNA and the libraries underwent next-generation sequencing. Results: We generated between 4.8 and 20.7 million reads for each of the 16 cases plus four control samples. For eight of the cases, we identified microbial pathogens that were present well above the background, with one potential pathogen identified for seven of the cases and two possible pathogens for one of the cases. Five of the eight cases were associated with bacteria ( Campylobacter concisus, Neisseria elongata, Streptococcus salivarius, Pseudopropionibacterium propionicum, and Paracoccus yeei), two cases with fungi ( Exophiala oligosperma, Lomentospora prolificans and Aspergillus versicolor) and one case with a virus (Mupapillomavirus 1). Interestingly, four of the five bacterial species are also part of the human oral microbiome. Conclusions: Using a metagenomic sequencing we identified possible infectious causes in half of the ocular and periocular sarcoidosis cases analyzed. Our findings support the proposition that sarcoidosis could be an etiologically heterogenous disease. Because these are previously banked samples, direct follow-up in the respective patients is impossible, but these results suggest that sequencing may be a valuable tool in better understanding the etiopathogenesis of sarcoidosis and in diagnosing and treating this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Pockrandt
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natalia Rincon
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuchen Ge
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Lu
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ales Varabyou
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne E. Jedlicka
- Genomic Analysis and Sequencing Core Facility, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karen Sun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan L. Scott
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Eberhart
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Thorne
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven L. Salzberg
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nishikawa H, Taniguchi Y. Phaeohyphomycosis Due to Exophiala oligosperma in an Immunocompromised Host. J Rheumatol 2019; 46:652. [PMID: 31154445 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nishikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Taniguchi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kochi Medical School Hospital, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saraiva M, Beckmann MJ, Pflaum S, Pearson M, Carcajona D, Treasurer JW, van West P. Exophiala angulospora infection in hatchery-reared lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) broodstock. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:335-343. [PMID: 30632621 PMCID: PMC6378594 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Samples from moribund lumpfish were collected in a marine hatchery in Scotland in 2015. Black nodules were noted on the skin, and gills and fungal hyphae were extensively distributed in musculature and internal organs. Multifocal chronic inflammatory lesions displaced structures in all affected organs. Mortalities commenced on completion of spawning in May and were evenly distributed over the second year in the temperature range 11-15°C. The main systemic infection causing agent was initially identified based on morphological characteristics as an Exophiala species. Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ITS regions of the isolates were subsequently sequenced confirming the isolates belonged to Exophiala genus. All isolates fell in a single phylogenetic cluster, which is represented by Exophiala angulospora. Fish were treated with either formalin or Bronopol or a combination of both, but there was no effect on the pattern or numbers of mortalities. Isolates were also tested against three different concentrations of Latrunculin A, Amphotericin B and Itraconazole with no success. It is of utmost importance to increase the knowledge on pathogen-host interactions to successfully develop sustainable control methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Saraiva
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, International Centre for Aquaculture Research and DevelopmentInstitute of Medical SciencesForesterhill, AberdeenUK
| | - Max J. Beckmann
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, International Centre for Aquaculture Research and DevelopmentInstitute of Medical SciencesForesterhill, AberdeenUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Pieter van West
- Aberdeen Oomycete Laboratory, International Centre for Aquaculture Research and DevelopmentInstitute of Medical SciencesForesterhill, AberdeenUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Subcutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis Caused by Exophiala oligosperma in an Immunocompetent Host: Case Report and Literature Review. Mycopathologia 2018; 183:815-820. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
8
|
Byrne DD, Reboli AC. Rare Yeast Infections: Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, Treatment, and Special Considerations. CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40588-017-0073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
9
|
Oberlin KE, Nichols AJ, Rosa R, Dejman A, Mattiazzi A, Guerra G, Elgart GW, Abbo LM. Phaeohyphomycosis due toExophialainfections in solid organ transplant recipients: Case report and literature review. Transpl Infect Dis 2017; 19. [DOI: 10.1111/tid.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Oberlin
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; Jackson Health System/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Anna J. Nichols
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; Jackson Health System/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Rossana Rosa
- Department of Medicine; Division of Infectious Diseases; Jackson Health System/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Adriana Dejman
- Department of Medicine; Division of Nephrology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Adela Mattiazzi
- Department of Medicine; Division of Nephrology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Giselle Guerra
- Department of Medicine; Division of Nephrology; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - George W. Elgart
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; Jackson Health System/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| | - Lilian M. Abbo
- Department of Medicine; Division of Infectious Diseases; Jackson Health System/University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cutaneous Exophiala oligosperma Infection in a Patient with Bullous Pemphigoid with a Review of the Literature. Mycopathologia 2016; 182:539-547. [PMID: 28025758 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phaeohyphomycosis is an infection caused by a heterogeneous group of melanized fungi. Human infections due to members of genus Exophiala are rare but may occur at any part of the body. We herein report a case of an 85-year-old male with a history of bullous pemphigoid who presented with a chronic, non-healing wound on his right dorsal hand for a month. Direct microscopy of a pus sample from the base of the ulcer revealed strands of pigmented, moniliform hyphae. The isolate was identified as E. oligosperma based on morphological characters and sequencing of the rDNA internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and partial beta-tubulin gene. The patient received a three-month course of oral itraconazole with no recurrence.
Collapse
|
11
|
Moat J, Rizoulis A, Fox G, Upton M. Domestic shower hose biofilms contain fungal species capable of causing opportunistic infection. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2016; 14:727-737. [PMID: 27740540 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2016.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The domestic environment can be a source of pathogenic bacteria. We show here that domestic shower hoses may harbour potentially pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Well-developed biofilms were physically removed from the internal surface of shower hoses collected in four locations in England and Scotland. Amplicon pyrosequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA targets revealed the presence of common aquatic and environmental bacteria, including members of the Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and non-tuberculous Mycobacteria. These bacteria are associated with infections in immunocompromised hosts and are widely reported in shower systems and as causes of water-acquired infection. More importantly, this study represents the first detailed analysis of fungal populations in shower systems and revealed the presence of sequences related to Exophiala mesophila, Fusarium fujikuroi and Malassezia restricta. These organisms can be associated with the environment and healthy skin, but also with infection in compromised and immuno-competent hosts and occurrence of dandruff. Domestic showering may result in exposure to aerosols of bacteria and fungi that are potentially pathogenic and toxigenic. It may be prudent to limit development of these biofilms by the use of disinfectants, or regular replacement of hoses, where immuno-compromised persons are present.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/isolation & purification
- Bacterial Physiological Phenomena
- Biofilms/growth & development
- England
- Fungi/classification
- Fungi/isolation & purification
- Fungi/physiology
- Opportunistic Infections/microbiology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- RNA, Fungal/genetics
- RNA, Fungal/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/metabolism
- Scotland
- Water Microbiology
- Water Supply
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Moat
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK E-mail: ; Current address: AV Hill Building, University of Manchester, Rumford Street, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Athanasios Rizoulis
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Graeme Fox
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK E-mail:
| | - Mathew Upton
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK E-mail: ; Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wen YM, Rajendran RK, Lin YF, Kirschner R, Hu S. Onychomycosis Associated with Exophiala oligosperma in Taiwan. Mycopathologia 2015; 181:83-8. [PMID: 26378025 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-015-9945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A fungus was isolated from a nail of a 54-year-old female patient with onychomycosis in Taiwan. Based on ITS rDNA as well as beta tubulin gene sequences and microscopic analyses, this fungus was identified as Exophiala oligosperma. This is the first record of E. oligosperma in Taiwan. Negative keratin azure test indicates that keratin degradation is not involved in cases of E. oligosperma associated with skin and nail diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Min Wen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Ying-Fang Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Roland Kirschner
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sindy Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Exophiala polymorpha sp. nov. Isolated from Sporotrichoid Lymphocutaneous Lesions in a Patient with Myasthenia Gravis. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:2816-22. [PMID: 26085612 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00622-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exophiala species are capable of causing cutaneous and subcutaneous infections in immunocompromised patients. An Exophiala isolate was cultured from a biopsy specimen of a lesion on the forearm of a patient with myasthenia gravis. The patient also had lesions on the palm and distal aspects of the hand, which were successfully treated with a long-term course of itraconazole. A detailed morphological and molecular characterization of the isolate was undertaken. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region and portions of the β-tubulin and translation elongation factor 1-alpha genes indicated that the isolate was a novel species closely related to but genetically distinct from species within the Exophiala spinifera clade; the name Exophiala polymorpha sp. nov. is proposed. Morphologically, E. polymorpha most closely resembles E. xenobiotica but it differs in possessing phialides bearing prominent, wide collarettes, and it does not produce chlamydospores.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ch K, Thejaswids P, Kini H, Shenoy S, Prabhu S. Phaeohyphomycotic cyst in the Foot by Exophiala. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 8:ND10-1. [PMID: 25584264 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9495.5184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A 52-year-old male, presented to us with a swelling over plantar aspect of right foot following trauma. Clinically it was a cystic swelling diagnosed as an abscess; ultrasound showed thick walled multilocular collection with thick echogenic debris, following which complete excision of the swelling was done. A part of the swelling was sent for histopathological examination and cut section showed thick purulent material. Other part sent for culture sensitivity grew, Exophiala, which belongs to Dematiaceous group of fungi. Surgical excision with antifungal treatment is the management in general for fungal cyst, whereas in our case complete excision was done without antifungal treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karunakarreddy Ch
- Post Graduate, Department of General surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornachandra Thejaswids
- Post Graduate, Department of General surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Hema Kini
- Post Graduate, Department of General surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitra Shenoy
- Post Graduate, Department of General surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivananda Prabhu
- Post Graduate, Department of General surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Venkateshwar S, Ambroise MM, Asir GJ, Mudhigeti N, Ramdas A, Authy K, Shivaprakash MR, Kanungo R. A rare case report of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by Exophiala oligosperma in an immunocompetent host with literature review. Mycopathologia 2014; 178:117-21. [PMID: 24902578 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-014-9762-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare case of phaeohyphomycotic cyst in an immunocompetent patient caused by Exophiala oligosperma. This fungus is earlier known to cause infections in the immunocompromised. Identification of black fungi at species level is more challenging by conventional methods, and hence final identification of the fungi was based on sequencing of rDNA. The patient was managed with surgical excision. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of E. oligosperma human infection from India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sithara Venkateshwar
- Department of Pathology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|