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Barbosa JD, Barbosa CC, Ferreira Filho CEDS, Moran JFG, Oliveira CMC, Bomjardim HDA, da Costa PSC, Brito MDF, Paz MC, Lamego EC, Spanamberg A, Driemeier D. Cutaneous Mucormycosis in Buffalos in the Brazilian Amazon Biome. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1327. [PMID: 38731337 PMCID: PMC11083279 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This is the first description of cutaneous mucormycosis in buffalo in the Brazilian Amazon biome. All buffalo showed apathy, inappetence, weight loss, reluctance to move, and prolonged sternal decubitus. Of the four affected animals, two died 15 and 30 days after the appearance of clinical signs. In the initial phase, the skin lesions were rounded areas with dry central regions, sensitive to palpation, with protruding edges and diameters ranging from 8 cm to 15 cm. These areas of necrosis were isolated or coalescing and present mainly on the limbs and sides. In an advanced stage of the disease, there was detachment of the skin from the necrotic areas with extensive wound formation, which sometimes exposed the subcutaneous tissue. The histopathology of the skin showed a multifocal inflammatory infiltrate composed of intact and degenerated eosinophils surrounded by epithelioid macrophages. At the center of these areas was a focally extensive area of epidermal ulceration characterized by intact and degenerated neutrophils, the necrosis of epithelial cells, and the accumulation of fibrin and erythrocytes. The mycological culture was positive for Rhizopus sp. The diagnosis of cutaneous dermatitis caused by Rhizopus sp. was based on clinical signs, macroscopic and histopathological findings, and the identification of the fungus by mycological and molecular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Diomedes Barbosa
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (C.E.d.S.F.F.); (J.F.G.M.); (C.M.C.O.)
| | - Camila Cordeiro Barbosa
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (C.E.d.S.F.F.); (J.F.G.M.); (C.M.C.O.)
| | | | - José Francisco Gimenez Moran
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (C.E.d.S.F.F.); (J.F.G.M.); (C.M.C.O.)
| | - Carlos Magno Chaves Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (C.E.d.S.F.F.); (J.F.G.M.); (C.M.C.O.)
| | - Henrique dos Anjos Bomjardim
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto de Estudos do Trópico Úmido da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (Unifesspa), Xinguara 68557-335, Brazil;
| | | | - Marilene de Farias Brito
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública (DESP), Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23890-000, Brazil;
| | - Milena Carolina Paz
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (E.C.L.); (D.D.)
| | - Eryca Ceolin Lamego
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (E.C.L.); (D.D.)
| | - Andréia Spanamberg
- Setor de Micologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil;
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (E.C.L.); (D.D.)
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Martineau M, Tilmant C, Risco Castillo V, Guillot J, Reyes-Gomez E, Benchekroun G, Freiche V. A case of feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia associated with fungal colonisation: endoscopic features, treatment and follow-up. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231165246. [PMID: 37205163 PMCID: PMC10185866 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231165246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 5-year-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat presented with a 3-month history of weight loss, chronic diarrhoea and vomiting. Examination revealed a large proximal duodenal lesion eventually diagnosed as feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia (FGESF) associated with fungal filaments. Histological examination was performed following endoscopic biopsy. Direct examination and mycological culture of the duodenal biopsies revealed the presence of a siphomycetous fungus, which was further identified as Rhizopus microsporus. Treatment with prednisolone and ciclosporin for 3 months led to complete resolution of the clinical signs and marked improvement of the endoscopic lesions. Specific fungal treatment with amphotericin B was poorly tolerated. Relevance and novel information To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the characterisation of a siphomycetous fungus associated with FGESF lesions, and the first endoscopic description and diagnosis of FGESF without surgical biopsies. We hypothesise that the presence of R microsporus occurred because of disrupted mucosal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martineau
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, CHUVA,
Internal Medicine Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Frégis
Veterinary Hospital Centre, Arcueil, France
| | - Cyril Tilmant
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, CHUVA,
Internal Medicine Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Internal Medicine, Olliolis
Veterinary Clinic, Ollioules, France
| | - Veronica Risco Castillo
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology,
National Veterinary School of Alfort, BioPôle Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Department of Dermatology, Parasitology, and
Mycology, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Edouard Reyes-Gomez
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, National
Veterinary School of Alfort, BioPôle Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Ghita Benchekroun
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, CHUVA,
Internal Medicine Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Valerie Freiche
- National Veterinary School of Alfort, CHUVA,
Internal Medicine Unit, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Valerie Freiche DVM, DESV-IM, PhD, Ecole Nationale
Vétérinaire d'Alfort, CHUVA, Unité de Médecine Interne, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle,
Maisons-Alfort 94704, France
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Gnat S, Łagowski D, Nowakiewicz A, Dyląg M. A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: opportunistic infections and microsporidioses. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2095-2113. [PMID: 33556223 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases are the second most common cause of death worldwide. Although these infections are caused mainly by viruses or bacteria, a systematically growing prevalence of human and animal opportunistic fungal infections is noticeable worldwide. More attention is being paid to this problem, especially due to the growing frequency of recalcitrant and recurrent mycoses. The latter are classically divided into superficial, which are the most common type, subcutaneous, and systemic. This work discusses opportunistic fungal pathogens without proven horizontal transmission between different animal species including humans and microsporidia as spore-forming unicellular parasites related to fungi; however, with a yet undetermined taxonomic position. The review also mentions aetiological agents, risk factors, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and finally symptoms characteristic for individual disease entities. This paper provides insight into fungal infections from a global perspective and simultaneously draws attention to emerging pathogens, whose prevalence is continuously increasing. Finally, this work also takes into consideration the correct nomenclature of fungal disease entities and the importance of secondary metabolites in the pathogenesis of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - D Łagowski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Nowakiewicz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Dyląg
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
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Chang L, Qi Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Chen S, Miao B, Tong D. Systemic mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus in a captive bottlenose dolphin. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2404-2409. [PMID: 34547177 PMCID: PMC8604117 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A 6-year-old female bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) kept in dolphinarium died after a 3.5-month period of lethargy and inappetence despite antibiotics and supportive care. At necropsy, gross findings included diffuse varying-sized nodules in the lungs and scattered nodules throughout the heart, spleen, mesenteric and hilar lymph node and kidney. Microscopically, the lesions were characterised by disseminated fungal pyogranulomas with numerous intralesional Mucor-like fungi. The fungi structures were demonstrated by Periodic acid-Schiff and Gomori methenamine silver stain. Molecular analyses of the fungi were Rhizopus microsporus by PCR sequencing 18S ribosomal RNA gene. Ziehl-Neelsen stain failed to show acid-fast bacterial infection. Based on pathological and molecular examination, systemic granulomatous mucormycosis was diagnosed. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of systemic mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus in bottlenose dolphin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chang
- College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yanping Qi
- College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Yamian Wang
- Xi'an Qujiang Polar Ocean ParkXi'anShaanxiChina
| | - Chen‐Hsuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologySchool of Veterinary MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Songbiao Chen
- College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Bichen Miao
- College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary MedicineNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxiChina
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