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Bi CL, Cheng Q, Yan LY, Wu HY, Wang Q, Wang P, Cheng L, Wang R, Yang L, Li J, Tie F, Xie H, Fang M. A prominent gene activation role for C-terminal binding protein in mediating PcG/trxG proteins through Hox gene regulation. Development 2022; 149:275613. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The evolutionarily conserved C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) has been well characterized as a transcriptional co-repressor. Herein, we report a previously unreported function for CtBP, showing that lowering CtBP dosage genetically suppresses Polycomb group (PcG) loss-of-function phenotypes while enhancing that of trithorax group (trxG) in Drosophila, suggesting that the role of CtBP in gene activation is more pronounced in fly development than previously thought. In fly cells, we show that CtBP is required for the derepression of the most direct PcG target genes, which are highly enriched by homeobox transcription factors, including Hox genes. Using ChIP and co-IP assays, we demonstrate that CtBP is directly required for the molecular switch between H3K27me3 and H3K27ac in the derepressed Hox loci. In addition, CtBP physically interacts with many proteins, such as UTX, CBP, Fs(1)h and RNA Pol II, that have activation roles, potentially assisting in their recruitment to promoters and Polycomb response elements that control Hox gene expression. Therefore, we reveal a prominent activation function for CtBP that confers a major role for the epigenetic program of fly segmentation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Li Bi
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
- Institute of Translational Medicine 2 , , , Yangzhou 225001 , China
- Medical College 2 , , , Yangzhou 225001 , China
- Yangzhou University 2 , , , Yangzhou 225001 , China
| | - Qian Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Ling-Yue Yan
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Hong-Yan Wu
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Feng Tie
- Case Western Reserve University 3 Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences , , Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Ming Fang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Southeast University 1 , Nanjing 210096 , China
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2
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Shabgah AG, Salmaninejad A, Thangavelu L, Alexander M, Yumashev AV, Goleij P, Hedayati-Moghadam M, Mohammadi H, Ahmadi M, Navashenaq JG. The role of non-coding genome in the behavior of infiltrated myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor microenvironment; a perspective and state-of-the-art in cancer targeted therapy. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 161:17-26. [PMID: 33259833 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the healthcare problems that affect many communities around the world. Many factors contribute to cancer development. Besides, these factors are counted as the main impediment in cancer immunotherapy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of these impediments. MDSCs inhibit the immune responses through various mechanisms such as inhibitory cytokine release and nitric oxide metabolite production. Several factors are involved in forming these cells, including tumor secreted cytokine and chemokines, transcription factors, and non-coding RNA. In the meantime, micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the vital gene regulatory elements that affect gene expression. In this study, we are going to discuss the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in MDSCs development in a cancer situation. It is hoped that miRNA and lncRNAs targeting may prevent the growth and development of these inhibitory cells in the cancer environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran; Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Alexei Valerievich Yumashev
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pouya Goleij
- Sana Institute of Higher Education, Faculty of Biology, Department of Genetics, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.
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3
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Holman HA, Wan Y, Rabbitt RD. Developmental GAD2 Expression Reveals Progenitor-like Cells with Calcium Waves in Mammalian Crista Ampullaris. iScience 2020; 23:101407. [PMID: 32771977 PMCID: PMC7415930 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sense of motion, spatial orientation, and balance in vertebrates relies on sensory hair cells in the inner ear vestibular system. Vestibular supporting cells can regenerate hair cells that are lost from aging, ototoxicity, and trauma, although not all factors or specific cell types are known. Here we report a population of GAD2-positive cells in the mouse crista ampullaris and trace GAD2 progenitor-like cells that express pluripotent transcription factors SOX2, PROX1, and CTBP2. GAD2 progenitor-like cells organize into rosettes around a central branched structure in the eminentia cruciatum (EC) herein named the EC plexus. GCaMP5G calcium indicator shows spontaneous and acetylcholine-evoked whole-cell calcium waves in neonatal and adult mice. We present a hypothetical model that outlines the lineage and potential regenerative capacity of GAD2 cells in the mammalian vestibular neuroepithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Holman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Yong Wan
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Richard D Rabbitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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4
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Zuo Q, Zhang C, Jin K, Jing J, Sun C, Ahmed MF, Song J, Zhang Y, Chen G, Li B. NICD-mediated notch transduction regulates the different fate of chicken primordial germ cells and spermatogonial stem cells. Cell Biosci 2018; 8:40. [PMID: 29951200 PMCID: PMC6009047 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-018-0238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Notch signaling is mainly regulated by Notch1 during development of chicken germ stem cells; however, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to generation of these germ stem cells have not been thoroughly investigated. Results In our studies, Overexpression of the Notch1 NICD promoted development of the reproductive ridge, but inhibited the formation of seminiferous tubules. The formation efficiency of PGCs in the reproductive ridge following overexpression of NICD (7.5% ± 0.11) was significantly higher than that (4.9% ± 0.17, p < 0.05) following inhibition of NICD, While the formation efficiency of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in the testes (12.7% ± 0.08) was significantly lower after NICD overexpression than that after inhibition of NICD (16.3% ± 0.16, p < 0.05). Using co-immunoprecipitation, we found that this anomaly stemmed from the reversal of dissociation of the Notch-regulated transcription factor CBF-1/RBP co-suppression complex during the differentiation of PGCs into SSCs. This dissociation of the CBF-1/RBP co-suppressing complex during the differentiation of ESCs into PGCs resulted in the release of HDAC1 and HDAC2 and the recruitment of mastermind-like 1 to form a coactive complex to promote the expression of the downstream transcription suppressor hairy/enhancer of split-1. Dynamic expression of transducin-like enhancer of split 3, TLE4, and C-terminal binding protein 2 during further differentiation of PGCs inhibited the dissociation of the CBF-1/RBP co-suppression complex and inhibited the expression of the downstream genes. Conclusions In summary, Notch signaling plays diametrically opposing roles during normal development of chicken PGCs and SSCs, and these functions was determined by the expression of NICD, changes in the CBF-1/RBP complex composition, and histone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Zuo
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009 People's Republic of China.,4Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009 People's Republic of China.,4Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Jin
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009 People's Republic of China.,4Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Jing
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009 People's Republic of China.,4Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Changhua Sun
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009 People's Republic of China.,4Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Mahmoud F Ahmed
- 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522 Egypt
| | - Jiuzhou Song
- 2Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 20741 USA
| | - Yani Zhang
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009 People's Republic of China.,4Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Guohong Chen
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009 People's Republic of China.,4Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Bichun Li
- 1Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009 People's Republic of China.,4Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Ave, Yangzhou, 225009 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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5
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Suh MY, Kim TW, Lee HT, Shin J, Kim JH, Jang H, Kim HJ, Kim ST, Cho EJ, Youn HD. Abundance of C-terminal binding protein isoform is a prerequisite for exit from pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201700837RRRR. [PMID: 29894668 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700837rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Unlike lower organisms, mammals have 2 C-terminal binding protein (Ctbp) isoforms, Ctbp1 and Ctbp2. Ctbp2 is revealed as a key factor involved in determining cell fate decisions by regulating the epigenetic state in active embryonic stem cell (ESC) genes. However, the molecular mechanism underlying how Ctbp1 and Ctbp2 have different roles remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that Ctbp isoform abundance is important for mouse embryonic ESCs (mESCs) to exit from pluripotency. Temporal expression patterns of Ctbp isoforms were quite different; Ctbp2 is more highly expressed in mESCs and decreases during differentiation, while Ctbp1 is constantly expressed at a lower level. Ctbp2 knockdown, but not Ctbp1 knockdown, in mESCs resulted in impaired exit from pluripotency. Interestingly, Ctbp1 and Ctbp2 overexpression in Ctbp2-knockdown mESCs leads to exiting from pluripotency in a manner similar to that of wild-type mESCs. Quantification of Ctbp1 and Ctbp2 revealed that differentiation ability correlates with abundance of Ctbp isoform in undifferentiated mESCs, suggesting that a sufficient amount of Ctbp isoform is a prerequisite for exiting from pluripotency. The results support the contention that 2 redundant Ctbp isoforms regulate elaborate differentiation via temporally distinctive regulatory patterns in mESCs.-Suh, M. Y., Kim, T. W., Lee, H.-T., Shin, J., Kim, J.-H., Jang, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, S.-T., Cho, E.-J., Youn, H.-D. Abundance of C-terminal binding protein isoform is a prerequisite for exit from pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Suh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Teo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jihoon Shin
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hye Ji Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seong-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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6
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Szabadfi K, Reglodi D, Szabo A, Szalontai B, Valasek A, Setalo G, Kiss P, Tamas A, Wilhelm M, Gabriel R. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide, A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Diabetic Retinopathy in Rats: Focus on the Vertical Information Processing Pathway. Neurotox Res 2016; 29:432-46. [PMID: 26739825 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neurotrophic and neuroprotective peptide that has been shown to exert protective effects in different neuronal injuries, such as retinal degenerations. Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common complication of diabetes, affects the microvasculature and neuronal architecture of the retina. We have proven earlier that PACAP is also protective in a rat model of DR. In this study, streptozotocin-induced DR was treated with intravitreal PACAP administration in order to further analyze the synaptic structure and proteins of PACAP-treated diabetic retinas, primarily in the vertical information processing pathway. Streptozotocin-treated Wistar rats received intravitreal PACAP injection three times into the right eye 2 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Morphological and molecular biological (qRT-PCR; Western blot) methods were used to analyze retinal synapses (ribbons, conventional) and related structures. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that retinal pigment epithelium, the ribbon synapses and other synaptic profiles suffered alterations in diabetes. However, in PACAP-treated diabetic retinas more bipolar ribbon synapses were found intact in the inner plexiform layer than in DR animals. The ribbon synapse was marked with C-terminal binding protein 2/Bassoon and formed horseshoe-shape ribbons, which were more retained in PACAP-treated diabetic retinas than in DR rats. These results are supported by molecular biological data. The selective degeneration of related structures such as bipolar and ganglion cells could be ameliorated by PACAP treatment. In summary, intravitreal administration of PACAP may have therapeutic potential in streptozotocin-induced DR through maintaining synapse integrity in the vertical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Szabadfi
- Departments of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - D Reglodi
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary. .,Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Lendulet Research Group, University of Pecs, Szigeti u. 12., Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
| | - A Szabo
- Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - B Szalontai
- Departments of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - A Valasek
- Departments of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Gy Setalo
- Medical Biology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - P Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Lendulet Research Group, University of Pecs, Szigeti u. 12., Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - A Tamas
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Lendulet Research Group, University of Pecs, Szigeti u. 12., Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - M Wilhelm
- Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - R Gabriel
- Departments of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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7
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Jo J, Hwang S, Kim HJ, Hong S, Lee JE, Lee SG, Baek A, Han H, Lee JI, Lee I, Lee DR. An integrated systems biology approach identifies positive cofactor 4 as a factor that increases reprogramming efficiency. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:1203-15. [PMID: 26740582 PMCID: PMC4756831 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can spontaneously dedifferentiate into embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like cells, which are designated as multipotent SSCs (mSSCs), without ectopic expression of reprogramming factors. Interestingly, SSCs express key pluripotency genes such as Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and Myc. Therefore, molecular dissection of mSSC reprogramming may provide clues about novel endogenous reprogramming or pluripotency regulatory factors. Our comparative transcriptome analysis of mSSCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) suggests that they have similar pluripotency states but are reprogrammed via different transcriptional pathways. We identified 53 genes as putative pluripotency regulatory factors using an integrated systems biology approach. We demonstrated a selected candidate, Positive cofactor 4 (Pc4), can enhance the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming by promoting and maintaining transcriptional activity of the key reprograming factors. These results suggest that Pc4 has an important role in inducing spontaneous somatic cell reprogramming via up-regulation of key pluripotency genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohyun Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Soomin Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sung-Geum Lee
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahmi Baek
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heonjong Han
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Il Lee
- Fertility Center, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Insuk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea Fertility Center, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Zhang G, Kang L, Chen J, Xue Y, Yang M, Qin B, Yang L, Zhang J, Lu H, Guan H. CtBP2 Regulates TGFβ2-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through Notch Signaling Pathway in Lens Epithelial Cells. Curr Eye Res 2015; 41:1057-1063. [PMID: 26681554 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human lens epithelial cells (LECs) contributes to posterior capsule opacification (PCO). C-terminal binding protein 2 (CtBP2) has been reported to be essential in EMT and embryonic development. However, the function of CtBP2 in EMT of LECs is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of CtBP2 through Notch signaling in transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2)-induced EMT in LECs. METHODS The human LEC line SRA01/04 was cultured in the presence of TGFβ2 for different periods of time or with γ-Secretase Inhibitor IX (DAPT), a specific inhibitor of Notch receptor cleavage, for 24 h, utilizing plasmid-based method. The levels of protein expression of CtBP2, EMT markers, and Notch signaling molecules were measured by Western bolts. RESULTS Treatment of SRA01/04 cells with TGFβ2 induced typical molecular changes of EMT and increased the expression of CtBP2 in a time-dependent manner. Similarly, the expressions of Jagged1 and Notch1 were increased after TGFβ2 treatment. Knockdown of CtBP2 by specific siRNA inhibited TGFβ2-induced changes of Connexin 43 (CX43), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Notch1, and Notch intracellular domain (NICD). In addition, treatment of LECs with ectopic expression of CtBP2 changed the expressions of CX43, α-SMA, Notch1, and NICD, but blockade of Notch pathway with DAPT inhibited CtBP2-induced changes of α-SMA and CX43. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CtBP2 plays a critical role in TGFβ2-induced EMT via the Jagged/Notch signaling pathway in human LECs and may contribute to the development of PCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Zhang
- a Eye Institute , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Lihua Kang
- a Eye Institute , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Jia Chen
- a Eye Institute , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Ying Xue
- a Eye Institute , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Mei Yang
- a Eye Institute , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Bai Qin
- a Eye Institute , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Ling Yang
- a Eye Institute , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- a Eye Institute , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Hong Lu
- a Eye Institute , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu Province , China
| | - Huaijin Guan
- a Eye Institute , Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , Jiangsu Province , China
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9
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Chromatin states modify network motifs contributing to cell-specific functions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11938. [PMID: 26169043 PMCID: PMC4500950 DOI: 10.1038/srep11938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification can affect many important biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis. It can alter chromatin conformation and contribute to gene regulation. To investigate how chromatin states associated with network motifs, we assembled chromatin state-modified regulatory networks by combining 269 ChIP-seq data and chromatin states in four cell types. We found that many chromatin states were significantly associated with network motifs, especially for feedforward loops (FFLs). These distinct chromatin state compositions contribute to different expression levels and translational control of targets in FFLs. Strikingly, the chromatin state-modified FFLs were highly cell-specific and, to a large extent, determined cell-selective functions, such as the embryonic stem cell-specific bivalent modification-related FFL with an important role in poising developmentally important genes for expression. Besides, comparisons of chromatin state-modified FFLs between cancerous/stem and primary cell lines revealed specific type of chromatin state alterations that may act together with motif structural changes cooperatively contribute to cell-to-cell functional differences. Combination of these alterations could be helpful in prioritizing candidate genes. Together, this work highlights that a dynamic epigenetic dimension can help network motifs to control cell-specific functions.
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10
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Kim TW, Kang BH, Jang H, Kwak S, Shin J, Kim H, Lee SE, Lee SM, Lee JH, Kim JH, Kim SY, Cho EJ, Kim JH, Park KS, Che JH, Han DW, Kang MJ, Yi EC, Youn HD. Ctbp2 Modulates NuRD-Mediated Deacetylation of H3K27 and Facilitates PRC2-Mediated H3K27me3 in Active Embryonic Stem Cell Genes During Exit from Pluripotency. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2442-55. [PMID: 25944056 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For cells to exit from pluripotency and commit to a lineage, the circuitry of a core transcription factor (CTF) network must be extinguished in an orderly manner through epigenetic modifications. However, how this choreographed epigenetic remodeling at active embryonic stem cell (ESC) genes occurs during differentiation is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that C-terminal binding protein 2 (Ctbp2) regulates nucleosome remodeling and deacetylation (NuRD)-mediated deacetylation of H3K27 and facilitates recruitment of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-mediated H3K27me3 in active ESC genes for exit from pluripotency during differentiation. By genomewide analysis, we found that Ctbp2 resides in active ESC genes and co-occupies regions with ESC CTFs in undifferentiated ESCs. Furthermore, ablation of Ctbp2 effects inappropriate gene silencing in ESCs by sustaining high levels of H3K27ac and impeding H3K27me3 in active ESC genes, thereby sustaining ESC maintenance during differentiation. Thus, Ctbp2 preoccupies regions in active genes with the NuRD complex in undifferentiated ESCs that are directed toward H3K27me3 by PRC2 to induce stable silencing, which is pivotal for natural lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Wan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Kang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonchol Jang
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojung Kwak
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Shin
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Min Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Lee
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Medical Genomic Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Seoul National University Biomedical Informatics (SNUBI), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Soo Park
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource Development, N-Bio, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource Development, N-Bio, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jueng Kang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eugene C Yi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- National Creative Research Center for Epigenome Reprogramming Network, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Cui TX, Kryczek I, Zhao L, Zhao E, Kuick R, Roh MH, Vatan L, Szeliga W, Mao Y, Thomas DG, Kotarski J, Tarkowski R, Wicha M, Cho K, Giordano T, Liu R, Zou W. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells enhance stemness of cancer cells by inducing microRNA101 and suppressing the corepressor CtBP2. Immunity 2013; 39:611-21. [PMID: 24012420 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) are important cellular components in the cancer microenvironment and may affect cancer phenotype and patient outcome. The nature of MDSCs and their interaction with CSCs in ovarian carcinoma are unclear. We examined the interaction between MDSCs and CSCs in patients with ovarian carcinoma and showed that MDSCs inhibited T cell activation and enhanced CSC gene expression, sphere formation, and cancer metastasis. MDSCs triggered miRNA101 expression in cancer cells. miRNA101 subsequently repressesed the corepressor gene C-terminal binding protein-2 (CtBP2), and CtBP2 directly targeted stem cell core genes resulting in increased cancer cell stemness and increasing metastatic and tumorigenic potential. Increased MDSC density and tumor microRNA101 expression predict poor survival, as does decreased tumor CtBP2 expression, independent of each other. Collectively, our work identifies an immune-associated cellular, molecular, and clinical network involving MDSCs-microRNA101-CtBP2-stem cell core genes, which extrinsically controls cancer stemness and impacts patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy X Cui
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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12
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Betschinger J, Nichols J, Dietmann S, Corrin P, Paddison P, Smith A. Exit from pluripotency is gated by intracellular redistribution of the bHLH transcription factor Tfe3. Cell 2013; 153:335-47. [PMID: 23582324 PMCID: PMC3661979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Factors that sustain self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are well described. In contrast, the machinery regulating exit from pluripotency is ill defined. In a large-scale small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen, we found that knockdown of the tumor suppressors Folliculin (Flcn) and Tsc2 prevent ESC commitment. Tsc2 lies upstream of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), whereas Flcn acts downstream and in parallel. Flcn with its interaction partners Fnip1 and Fnip2 drives differentiation by restricting nuclear localization and activity of the bHLH transcription factor Tfe3. Conversely, enforced nuclear Tfe3 enables ESCs to withstand differentiation conditions. Genome-wide location and functional analyses showed that Tfe3 directly integrates into the pluripotency circuitry through transcriptional regulation of Esrrb. These findings identify a cell-intrinsic rheostat for destabilizing ground-state pluripotency to allow lineage commitment. Congruently, stage-specific subcellular relocalization of Tfe3 suggests that Flcn-Fnip1/2 contributes to developmental progression of the pluripotent epiblast in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Betschinger
- Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Jennifer Nichols
- Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Sabine Dietmann
- Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Philip D. Corrin
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Patrick J. Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Austin Smith
- Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK
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13
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Bronstein R, Segal D. Modularity of CHIP/LDB transcription complexes regulates cell differentiation. Fly (Austin) 2011; 5:200-5. [PMID: 21406967 DOI: 10.4161/fly.5.3.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription is the first step through which the cell operates, via its repertoire of transcription complexes, to direct cellular functions and cellular identity by generating the cell-specific transcriptome. The modularity of the composition of constituents of these complexes allows the cell to delicately regulate its transcriptome. In a recent study we have examined the effects of reducing the levels of specific transcription co-factors on the function of two competing transcription complexes, namely CHIP-AP and CHIP-PNR which regulate development of cells in the thorax of Drosophila. We found that changing the availability of these co-factors can shift the balance between these complexes leading to transition from utilization of CHIP-AP to CHIP-PNR. This is reflected in change in the expression profile of target genes, altering developmental cell fates. We propose that such a mechanism may operate in normal fly development. Transcription complexes analogous to CHIP-AP and CHIP-PNR exist in mammals and we discuss how such a shift in the balance between them may operate in normal mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revital Bronstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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