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Jang J, Accornero F, Li D. Epigenetic determinants and non-myocardial signaling pathways contributing to heart growth and regeneration. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 257:108638. [PMID: 38548089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect worldwide. Defective cardiac myogenesis is either a major presentation or associated with many types of congenital heart disease. Non-myocardial tissues, including endocardium and epicardium, function as a supporting hub for myocardial growth and maturation during heart development. Recent research findings suggest an emerging role of epigenetics in nonmyocytes supporting myocardial development. Understanding how growth signaling pathways in non-myocardial tissues are regulated by epigenetic factors will likely identify new disease mechanisms for congenital heart diseases and shed lights for novel therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Jang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
| | - Federica Accornero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43215, USA.
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2
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Mohl W, Kiseleva Z, Jusic A, Bruckner M, Mader RM. Signs and signals limiting myocardial damage using PICSO: a scoping review decoding paradigm shifts toward a new encounter. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1030842. [PMID: 37229230 PMCID: PMC10204926 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1030842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inducing recovery in myocardial ischemia is limited to a timely reopening of infarct vessels and clearing the cardiac microcirculation, but additional molecular factors may impact recovery. Objective In this scoping review, we identify the paradigm shifts decoding the branching points of experimental and clinical evidence of pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PICSO), focusing on myocardial salvage and molecular implications on infarct healing and repair. Design The reporting of evidence was structured chronologically, describing the evolution of the concept from mainstream research to core findings dictating a paradigm change. All data reported in this scoping review are based on published data, but new evaluations are also included. Results Previous findings relate hemodynamic PICSO effects clearing reperfused microcirculation to myocardial salvage. The activation of venous endothelium opened a new avenue for understanding PICSO. A flow-sensitive signaling molecule, miR-145-5p, showed a five-fold increase in porcine myocardium subjected to PICSO.Verifying our theory of "embryonic recall," an upregulation of miR-19b and miR-101 significantly correlates to the time of pressure increase in cardiac veins during PICSO (r2 = 0.90, p < 0.05; r2 = 0.98, p < 0.03), suggesting a flow- and pressure-dependent secretion of signaling molecules into the coronary circulation. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte proliferation by miR-19b and the protective role of miR-101 against remodeling show another potential interaction of PICSO in myocardial healing. Conclusion Molecular signaling during PICSO may contribute to retroperfusion toward deprived myocardium and clearing the reperfused cardiac microcirculation. A burst of specific miRNA reiterating embryonic molecular pathways may play a role in targeting myocardial jeopardy and will be an essential therapeutic contribution in limiting infarcts in recovering patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Mohl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zlata Kiseleva
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alem Jusic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthäus Bruckner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert M. Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,Austria
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3
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Constantin A, Comarița IK, Alexandru N, Filippi A, Bojin F, Gherghiceanu M, Vîlcu A, Nemecz M, Niculescu LS, Păunescu V, Georgescu A. Stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles reduce the expression of molecules involved in cardiac hypertrophy—In a model of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1003684. [PMID: 36299891 PMCID: PMC9589060 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1003684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac pathological hypertrophy is the major risk factor that usually progresses to heart failure. We hypothesized that extracellular vesicles (EVs), known to act as important mediators in regulating physiological and pathological functions, could have the potential to reduce the cardiac hypertrophy and the ensuing cardiovascular diseases. Herein, the effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV-MSCs) on cardiac hypertrophy were investigated. EVs were isolated from the secretome of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (EV-ADSCs) or bone marrow-derived stem cells (EV-BMMSCs). Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were stimulated with AngII and TGF-β1, in absence or presence of EVs. The results showed that exposure of hiPSC-CMs to AngII and TGF-β1 generated in vitro model of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes characterized by increases in surface area, reactive oxygen species production, protein expression of cardiac-specific biomarkers atrial natriuretic factor, migration inhibitory factor, cTnI, COL1A1, Cx43, α-SMA and signalling molecules SMAD2 and NF-kBp50. The presence of EV-ADSCs or EV-BMMSCs in the hiPSC-CM culture along with hypertrophic stimuli reduced the protein expressions of hypertrophic specific markers (ANF, MIF, cTnI, COL1A1) and the gene expressions of IL-6 molecule involved in inflammatory process associated with cardiac hypertrophy and transcription factors SMAD2, SMAD3, cJUN, cFOS with role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response induced by AngII and TGF-β1. The EV-ADSCs were more effective in reducing the protein expressions of hypertrophic and inflammatory markers, while EV-BMMSCs in reducing the gene expressions of transcription factors. Notably, neither EV-ADSCs nor EV-BMMSCs induced significant changes in cardiac biomarkers Cx43, α-SMA and fibronectin. These different effects of stem cell-derived EVs could be attributed to their miRNA content: some miRNAs (miR-126-3p, miR-222-3p, miR-30e-5p, miR-181b-5p, miR-124-3p, miR-155-5p, miR-210-3p hsa-miR-221-3p) were expressed in both types of EVs and others only in EV-ADSCs (miR-181a-5p, miR-185-5p, miR-21-5p) or in EV-BMMSCs (miR-143-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-93-5p), some of these attenuating the cardiac hypertrophy while others enhance it. In conclusion, in hiPSC-CMs the stem cell-derived EVs through their cargo reduced the expression of hypertrophic specific markers and molecules involved in inflammatory process associated with cardiac hypertrophy. The data suggest the EV potential to act as therapeutic mediators to reduce cardiac hypertrophy and possibly the subsequent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Constantin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Karla Comarița
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Alexandru
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Filippi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florina Bojin
- Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnology Center (CIFBIOTECH), Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania
- “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Vîlcu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Miruna Nemecz
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredan Stefan Niculescu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgil Păunescu
- Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnology Center (CIFBIOTECH), Department of Functional Sciences, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adriana Georgescu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Adriana Georgescu,
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Lou Demy D, Touret AL, Lancino M, Tauzin M, Capuana L, Pierre C, Herbomel P. Trim33 conditions the lifespan of primitive macrophages and onset of definitive macrophage production. Development 2022; 149:276505. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Trim33 (Tif1γ) is a transcriptional regulator that is notably involved in several aspects of hematopoiesis. It is essential for the production of erythrocytes in zebrafish, and for the proper functioning and aging of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in mice. Here, we have found that, in zebrafish development, Trim33 is essential cell-autonomously for the lifespan of the yolk sac-derived primitive macrophages, as well as for the initial production of definitive (HSPC-derived) macrophages in the first niche of definitive hematopoiesis, the caudal hematopoietic tissue. Moreover, Trim33 deficiency leads to an excess production of definitive neutrophils and thrombocytes. Our data indicate that Trim33 radically conditions the differentiation output of aorta-derived HSPCs in all four erythro-myeloid cell types, in a niche-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Lou Demy
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Anne-Lou Touret
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Mylène Lancino
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Muriel Tauzin
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Lavinia Capuana
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Constance Pierre
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
| | - Philippe Herbomel
- Institut Pasteur 1 , Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, 75015 Paris , France
- CNRS, UMR3738 2 , 75015 Paris , France
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Mohl W, Molnár L, Merkely B. Cardiac Vein Anatomy and Transcoronary Sinus Catheter Interventions in Myocardial Ischemia. Interv Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119697367.ch37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Foo YY, Motakis E, Tiang Z, Shen S, Lai JKH, Chan WX, Wiputra H, Chen N, Chen CK, Winkler C, Foo RSY, Yap CH. Effects of extended pharmacological disruption of zebrafish embryonic heart biomechanical environment on cardiac function, morphology, and gene expression. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1759-1777. [PMID: 34056790 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanical stimuli are known to be important to cardiac development, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we pharmacologically disrupted the biomechanical environment of wild-type zebrafish embryonic hearts for an extended duration and investigated the consequent effects on cardiac function, morphological development, and gene expression. RESULTS Myocardial contractility was significantly diminished or abolished in zebrafish embryonic hearts treated for 72 hours from 2 dpf with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM). Image-based flow simulations showed that flow wall shear stresses were abolished or significantly reduced with high oscillatory shear indices. At 5 dpf, after removal of BDM, treated embryonic hearts were maldeveloped, having disrupted cardiac looping, smaller ventricles, and poor cardiac function (lower ejected flow, bulboventricular regurgitation, lower contractility, and slower heart rate). RNA sequencing of cardiomyocytes of treated hearts revealed 922 significantly up-regulated genes and 1,698 significantly down-regulated genes. RNA analysis and subsequent qPCR and histology validation suggested that biomechanical disruption led to an up-regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic genes and down-regulation of ECM remodeling and ECM-receptor interaction genes. Biomechanics disruption also prevented the formation of ventricular trabeculation along with notch1 and erbb4a down-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Extended disruption of biomechanical stimuli caused maldevelopment, and potential genes responsible for this are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Yin Foo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Efthymios Motakis
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zenia Tiang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuhao Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Kuan Han Lai
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Xuan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hadi Wiputra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nanguang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Kit Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Sik Yin Foo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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7
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Yang X, Guo Z, Cao F, Teng Z, Huang Z, Sun X. Rs41291957 polymorphism in the promoter region of microRNA‑143 serves as a prognostic biomarker for patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:295. [PMID: 33649782 PMCID: PMC7930929 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the function of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs41291957 in the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of microRNA (miR)‑143, Toll‑like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interleukin‑16 (IL‑16) were studied in patients with ICH that carried different alleles in the locus of the rs41291957 SNP. Kaplan‑Meier survival curves were calculated for 182 patients with ICH, genotyped as CC, presenting a cytosine in both chromosome, CT, presenting both variants, and TT, presents a thymine in both chromosomes. In addition, the possible regulatory relationships between miR‑143 and TLR2/IL‑16 were studied using computational analysis, luciferase assays and western blot assay. In addition, the inflammatory profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples collected from the subjects were compared. The patients genotyped as TT presented the lowest survival rate, while patients genotyped as CC presented the highest survival rate. TLR2 mRNA was identified as a potential target of miR‑143, while IL‑16 showed no direct interaction with miR‑143. The above regulatory relationships were further investigated using cells transfected with miR‑143 precursor or TLR2 small interfering RNA. In addition, the expression levels of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor α, interferon, IL‑6, IL‑10 and NF‑L‑6, were highest in the CSF/serum samples collected from patients genotyped as TT and lowest in patients genotyped as CC. By contrast, the expression levels of miR‑143 showed an opposite trend in the expression of the above inflammatory factors. The rs41291957 SNP, located in the promoter region of miR‑143, reduced the expression of miR‑143 and upregulated the expression of the pro‑inflammatory factor TLR2, eventually leading to a poorer prognosis in patients with ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Zongduo Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Teng
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400000, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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Tyser RCV, Srinivas S. The First Heartbeat-Origin of Cardiac Contractile Activity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037135. [PMID: 31767652 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The amniote embryonic heart starts as a crescent of mesoderm that transitions through a midline linear heart tube in the course of developing into the four chambered heart. It is unusual in having to contract rhythmically while still undergoing extensive morphogenetic remodeling. Advances in imaging have allowed us to determine when during development this contractile activity starts. In the mouse, focal regions of contractions can be detected as early as the cardiac crescent stage. Calcium transients, required to trigger contraction, can be detected even earlier, prior to contraction. In this review, we outline what is currently known about how this early contractile function is initiated and the impact early contractile function has on cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard C V Tyser
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
| | - Shankar Srinivas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
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Cassani M, Fernandes S, Vrbsky J, Ergir E, Cavalieri F, Forte G. Combining Nanomaterials and Developmental Pathways to Design New Treatments for Cardiac Regeneration: The Pulsing Heart of Advanced Therapies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:323. [PMID: 32391340 PMCID: PMC7193099 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The research for heart therapies is challenged by the limited intrinsic regenerative capacity of the adult heart. Moreover, it has been hampered by the poor results obtained by tissue engineering and regenerative medicine attempts at generating functional beating constructs able to integrate with the host tissue. For this reason, organ transplantation remains the elective treatment for end-stage heart failure, while novel strategies aiming to promote cardiac regeneration or repair lag behind. The recent discovery that adult cardiomyocytes can be ectopically induced to enter the cell cycle and proliferate by a combination of microRNAs and cardioprotective drugs, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulants and anti-platelets agents, fueled the quest for new strategies suited to foster cardiac repair. While proposing a revolutionary approach for heart regeneration, these studies raised serious issues regarding the efficient controlled delivery of the therapeutic cargo, as well as its timely removal or metabolic inactivation from the site of action. Especially, there is need for innovative treatment because of evidence of severe side effects caused by pleiotropic drugs. Biocompatible nanoparticles possess unique physico-chemical properties that have been extensively exploited for overcoming the limitations of standard medical therapies. Researchers have put great efforts into the optimization of the nanoparticles synthesis and functionalization, to control their interactions with the biological milieu and use as a viable alternative to traditional approaches. Nanoparticles can be used for diagnosis and deliver therapies in a personalized and targeted fashion. Regarding the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, nanoparticles-based strategies have provided very promising outcomes, in preclinical studies, during the last years. Efficient encapsulation of a large variety of cargos, specific release at the desired site and improvement of cardiac function are some of the main achievements reached so far by nanoparticle-based treatments in animal models. This work offers an overview on the recent nanomedical applications for cardiac regeneration and highlights how the versatility of nanomaterials can be combined with the newest molecular biology discoveries to advance cardiac regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cassani
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Soraia Fernandes
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Vrbsky
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ece Ergir
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- International Clinical Research Center, St Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
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Comprehensive Overview of Non-coding RNAs in Cardiac Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:197-211. [PMID: 32285413 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac development in the human embryo is characterized by the interactions of several transcription and growth factors leading the heart from a primordial linear tube into a synchronous contractile four-chamber organ. Studies on cardiogenesis showed that cell proliferation, differentiation, fate specification and morphogenesis are spatiotemporally coordinated by cell-cell interactions and intracellular signalling cross-talks. In recent years, research has focused on a class of inter- and intra-cellular modulators called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), transcribed from the noncoding portion of the DNA and involved in the proper formation of the heart. In this chapter, we will summarize the current state of the art on the roles of three major forms of ncRNAs [microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs)] in orchestrating the four sequential phases of cardiac organogenesis.
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11
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Gholikhani-Darbroud R. MicroRNA and retinoic acid. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 502:15-24. [PMID: 31812758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that is necessary to maintain health in human and most of the other vertebrates. MicroRNAs (miR or miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA particles that diminish mRNA translation of various genes and so can regulate critical cell processes including cell death, proliferation, development, etc. The aim of this review is to study interrelations between retinoic acid with miRNAs. METHODS We reviewed and summarized all published articles in PubMed, Europe PMC, and Embase databases with any relationship between retinoic acid and miRNAs from Jun 2003 to Dec 2018 that includes 126 articles. RESULTS Results showed direct and indirect relationships between retinoic acid and miRNAs in various levels including effects of retinoic acid on expression of various miRNAs and miRNA-biogenesis enzymes, and effect of miRNAs on metabolism of retinoic acid. DISCUTION AND CONCLUSION This review indicates that retinoic acid has inter-correlations with various miRNA members and their metabolism in health and disease may require implications of the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Gholikhani-Darbroud
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 5714783734, Iran.
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12
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Balasubramanian S, Raghunath A, Perumal E. Role of epigenetics in zebrafish development. Gene 2019; 718:144049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Epigenetics and Mechanobiology in Heart Development and Congenital Heart Disease. Diseases 2019; 7:diseases7030052. [PMID: 31480510 PMCID: PMC6787645 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect worldwide and the number one killer of live-born infants in the United States. Heart development occurs early in embryogenesis and involves complex interactions between multiple cell populations, limiting the understanding and consequent treatment of CHD. Furthermore, genome sequencing has largely failed to predict or yield therapeutics for CHD. In addition to the underlying genome, epigenetics and mechanobiology both drive heart development. A growing body of evidence implicates the aberrant regulation of these two extra-genomic systems in the pathogenesis of CHD. In this review, we describe the stages of human heart development and the heart defects known to manifest at each stage. Next, we discuss the distinct and overlapping roles of epigenetics and mechanobiology in normal development and in the pathogenesis of CHD. Finally, we highlight recent advances in the identification of novel epigenetic biomarkers and environmental risk factors that may be useful for improved diagnosis and further elucidation of CHD etiology.
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Li C, Li J, Xue K, Zhang J, Wang C, Zhang Q, Chen X, Gao C, Yu X, Sun L. MicroRNA-143-3p promotes human cardiac fibrosis via targeting sprouty3 after myocardial infarction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:281-292. [PMID: 30878395 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most catastrophic diseases threatening human health in the world. Because cardiomyocytes have a minuscule regenerative potential, the natural repair of infarct healing after MI shows fibrotic scar. MicroRNA-143-3p (miR-143-3p) plays a critical regulatory role in various pathophysiological processes in the heart. Sprouty3 (SPRY3) is predicted to be a potential fibrosis-associated target gene of miR-143-3p. The aim was to explore the role and mechanism of miR-143-3p in the infarct healing after MI in vivo and in vitro. Myocardial samples were obtained during autopsy from 12 human patients with or without MI. An increase in miR-143-3p mRNA levels was detected in the infarct zone of human MI samples. Moreover, silencing expression of miR-143-3p by antagomir-143-3p alleviated fibrotic scar in MI model of mice. To assess the mechanism by which miR-143-3p may function in fibrosis, human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) were transfected with miR-143-3p mimics and inhibitors. MiR-143-3p overexpression promoted HCFs proliferation, migration, transformation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) excessive accumulation. Additionally, miR-143-3p inhibitors reversed the fibrosis effect of HCFs treated with transforming growth β1 (TGFβ1) in vitro. Importantly, a luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-143-3p could directly bind to the 3'-untranslational region (3'-UTR) of SPRY3 mRNA. Lastly, HCFs transfected with SPRY3 siRNA (si-SPRY3) enhanced the activation of the P38, ERK, and JNK pathways in the process of fibrosis. MiR-143-3p promoted fibrosis along with SPRY3 degradation and the activation of its downstream P38, ERK, and JNK pathways. Our results may contribute to improve the quality of life in MI patients by interfering with the role of miR-143-3p in MI area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xianlu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chuanzhou Gao
- Department of electron microscope, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
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15
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Abstract
Heart formation involves a complex series of tissue rearrangements, during which regions of the developing organ expand, bend, converge, and protrude in order to create the specific shapes of important cardiac components. Much of this morphogenesis takes place while cardiac function is underway, with blood flowing through the rapidly contracting chambers. Fluid forces are therefore likely to influence the regulation of cardiac morphogenesis, but it is not yet clear how these biomechanical cues direct specific cellular behaviors. In recent years, the optical accessibility and genetic amenability of zebrafish embryos have facilitated unique opportunities to integrate the analysis of flow parameters with the molecular and cellular dynamics underlying cardiogenesis. Consequently, we are making progress toward a comprehensive view of the biomechanical regulation of cardiac chamber emergence, atrioventricular canal differentiation, and ventricular trabeculation. In this review, we highlight a series of studies in zebrafish that have provided new insight into how cardiac function can shape cardiac morphology, with a particular focus on how hemodynamics can impact cardiac cell behavior. Over the long-term, this knowledge will undoubtedly guide our consideration of the potential causes of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Sidhwani
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
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16
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Vacante F, Denby L, Sluimer JC, Baker AH. The function of miR-143, miR-145 and the MiR-143 host gene in cardiovascular development and disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 112:24-30. [PMID: 30502421 PMCID: PMC6395947 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (long noncoding RNAs and small RNAs) are emerging as critical modulators of phenotypic changes associated with physiological and pathological contexts in a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although it has been well established that hereditable genetic alterations and exposure to risk factors are crucial in the development of CVDs, other critical regulators of cell function impact on disease processes. Here we discuss noncoding RNAs have only recently been identified as key players involved in the progression of disease. In particular, we discuss micro RNA (miR)-143/145 since they represent one of the most characterised microRNA clusters regulating smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and phenotypic switch in response to vascular injury and remodelling. MiR143HG is a well conserved long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), which is the host gene for miR-143/145 and recently implicated in cardiac specification during heart development. Although the lncRNA-miRNA interactions have not been completely characterised, their crosstalk is now beginning to emerge and likely requires further research focus. In this review we give an overview of the biology of the genomic axis that is miR-143/145 and MiR143HG, focusing on their important functional role(s) in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vacante
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Laura Denby
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Judith C Sluimer
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Maastricht University Medical Centre, Dept. of Pathology, Maastricht 6229 HX, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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17
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Mohl W, Spitzer E, Mader RM, Wagh V, Nguemo F, Milasinovic D, Jusić A, Khazen C, Szodorai E, Birkenberg B, Lubec G, Hescheler J, Serruys PW. Acute molecular effects of pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion in patients with advanced heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2018; 5:1176-1183. [PMID: 30230713 PMCID: PMC6301157 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiac repair has steered clinical attention and remains an unmet need, because available regenerative therapies lack robust mechanistic evidence. Pressure‐controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion (PICSO), known to induce angiogenetic and vasoactive molecules as well as to reduce regional ischemia, may activate endogenous regenerative processes in failing myocardium. We aimed to investigate the effects of PICSO in patients with advanced heart failure undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Methods and results Eight out of 32 patients were treated with PICSO, and the remainder served as controls. After electrode testing including left ventricular leads, PICSO was performed for 20 min. To test immediate molecular responses, in both patient groups, coronary venous blood samples were taken at baseline and after 20 min, the time required for the intervention. Sera were tested for microRNAs and growth factors. To test the ability of up‐regulated soluble factors on cell proliferation and expression of transcription factors [e.g. Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF‐4)], sera were co‐cultured with human cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. As compared with controls, significant differential expression (differences between pre‐values and post‐values in relation to both patient cohorts) of microRNA patterns associated with cardiac development was observed with PICSO. Importantly, miR‐143 (P < 0.048) and miR‐145 (P < 0,047) increased, both targeting a network of transcription factors (including KLF‐4) that promote differentiation and repress proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Additionally, an increase of miR‐19b (P < 0.019) known to alleviate endothelial cell apoptosis was found, whereas disadvantageous miR‐320b (P < 0.023) suspect to impair expression of c‐myc, normally provoking cell cycle re‐entry in post‐mitotic myocytes and miR‐25 (P < 0.023), decreased, a target of anti‐miR application to improve contractility in the failing heart. Co‐cultured post‐PICSO sera significantly increased cellular proliferation both in fibroblasts (P < 0.001) and adult cardiomycytes (P < 0.004) sampled from a transplant recipient as compared with controls. Adult cardiomyocytes showed a seven‐fold increase of the transcription factor KLF‐4 protein when co‐cultured with treated sera as compared with controls. Conclusions Here, we show for the first time that PICSO, a trans‐coronary sinus catheter intervention, is associated with an increase in morphogens secreted into cardiac veins, normally present during cardiac development, and a significant induction of cell proliferation. Present findings support the notion that epigenetic modifications, that is, haemodynamic stimuli on venous vascular cells, may reverse myocardial deterioration. Further investigations are needed to decipher the maze of complex interacting molecular pathways in failing myocardium and the potential role of PICSO to reinitiate developmental processes to prevent further myocardial decay eventually reaching clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Mohl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernest Spitzer
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Mader
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vilas Wagh
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filomain Nguemo
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dejan Milasinovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alem Jusić
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cesar Khazen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edit Szodorai
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Birkenberg
- Department of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juergen Hescheler
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, NHLI, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Mohl W, Henry TD, Milasinovic D, Nguemo F, Hescheler J, Perin EC. From state-of-the-art cell therapy to endogenous cardiac repair. EUROINTERVENTION 2018; 13:760-772. [PMID: 28844036 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-17-00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical heart failure prevention and contemporary therapy often involve breaking the vicious cycle of global haemodynamic consequences of myocardial decay. The lack of effective regenerative therapies results in a primary focus on preventing further deterioration of cardiac performance. The cellular transplantation hypothesis has been evaluated in many different preclinical models and a handful of important clinical trials. The primary expectation that cellular transplants will be embedded into failing myocardium and fuse with existing functioning cells appears unlikely. A multitude of cellular formulas, access routes and clinical surrogate endpoints for evaluation add to the complexity of cellular therapies. Several recent large clinical trials have provided insights into both the regenerative potential and clinical improvement from non-regenerative mechanisms. Initiating endogenous repair seems to be another meaningful alternative to recover structural integrity in myocardial injury. This option may be achieved using a transcoronary sinus catheter intervention, implying the understanding of basic principles in biology. With intermittent reduction of outflow in cardiac veins (PICSO), vascular cells appear to be activated and restart a programme similar to pathways in the developing heart. Structural regeneration may be possible without requiring exogenous agents, or a combination of both approaches may become clinical reality in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Mohl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (Emeritus), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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19
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Hong H, Tao T, Chen S, Liang C, Qiu Y, Zhou Y, Zhang R. MicroRNA-143 promotes cardiac ischemia-mediated mitochondrial impairment by the inhibition of protein kinase Cepsilon. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:60. [PMID: 28887629 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cardioprotection of protein kinase Cepsilon (PKCε) against myocardial infarction (MI) mediated by its anti-apoptotic property and underlying mechanism of targeted regulation by microRNA (miRNA) are not established. MI-induced injury, PKCε expression, and targeted regulation of miRNA-143 (miR-143) to PKCε have been evaluated using animal MI and cellular hypoxic models conjugated with series of state-of-art molecular techniques. The results demonstrated that PKCε significantly downregulated along with increased infarcted area and apoptotic and necrotic damage in MI model, and the targeted relationship and potential binding profile were established between miR-143 and PKCε. Both in vivo and in vitro ischemic tests showed that miR-143 induced apoptosis and necrosis, which was reversed by antagomiR-143 or AMO-143. The upregulation of miR-143 by transfection of miR-143 in vitro also induced cell loss, and this effect of miR-143 was completely reversed by co-transfection of miR-143 with AMO-143. The identically deleterious action of miR-143 on mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis was also observed in both animal MI and cellular hypoxic models, as well as miR-143 overexpressed models and converted by either antagomiR or AMO. Importantly, overexpression of miR-143 downregulated PKCε in all tested models and this downregulation was reversed in the presence of antagomiR or AMO. The direct targeted regulation of miR-143 on PKCε was confirmed by luciferase reporter and miRNA-masking tests. In conclusion, MI-mediated upregulation of miR-143 inhibits PKCε expression and consequently interference with the cardioprotection of PKCε to mitochondrial, and leads to mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation and myocardial death eventually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hong
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Tao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Si Chen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chaoqi Liang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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20
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Wu Y, Lou QY, Ge F, Xiong Q. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Novel Targets of miR-21 in Zebrafish Embryos. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28642470 PMCID: PMC5481331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs which control gene expression by the suppression of translation or the degradation of mRNAs. Dre-miR-21 (miR-21) has been reported to impact cardiac valvulogenesis in zebrafish embryos. However, the target genes of miR-21 are still largely unknown. Here a tandem isobaric mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic strategy was employed to identify the global profile of miR-21-regulated proteins. A total of 251 proteins were dysregulated after miR-21 knockdown, suggesting that they may be regulated by miR-21. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) participate in various biological processes, suggesting that miR-21 may be involved in diverse cellular pathways. Sixteen DEPs were also predicted to be miR-21 targets by at least two algorithms, and several candidate target genes were selected for further luciferase reporter analysis. The results showed that genes encoding tropomyosin 1 (tpm1) and poly(rC) binding protein 2 (pcbp2) are direct miR-21 targets. Taken together, our results not only reveal a large number of novel miR-21 regulated proteins that possess pleiotropic functions, but also provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of miR-21 regulation of zebrafish cardiac valvulogenesis and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi-Yong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Feng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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21
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Notch and Hippo signaling converge on Strawberry Notch 1 (Sbno1) to synergistically activate Cdx2 during specification of the trophectoderm. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46135. [PMID: 28401892 PMCID: PMC5389439 DOI: 10.1038/srep46135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The first binary cell fate decision occurs at the morula stage and gives rise to two distinct types of cells that constitute the trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM). The cell fate determinant, Cdx2, is induced in TE cells and plays an essential role in their differentiation and maintenance. Notch and Hippo signaling cascades are assumed to converge onto regulatory elements of Cdx2, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show involvement of Strawberry Notch1 (Sbno1), a novel chromatin factor of the helicase superfamily 2, during preimplantation development. Sbno1 knockout embryos die at the preimplantation stage without forming a blastocoel, and Cdx2 is not turned on even though both Yap and Tead4 reside normally in nuclei. Accordingly, Sbno1 acts on the trophectoderm-enhancer (TEE) of Cdx2, ensuring its robust and synergistic activation by the Yap/Tead4 and NICD/Rbpj complexes. Interestingly, this synergism is enhanced when cells are mechanically stretched, which might reflect that TE cells are continuously stretched by the expanding ICM and blastocoel cavity. In addition, the histone chaperone, FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription) physically interacts with Sbno1. Our data provide new evidence on TE specification, highlighting unexpected but essential functions of the highly conserved chromatin factor, Sbno1.
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22
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Mohl W, Molnár L, Merkely B. Cardiac Vein Anatomy and Transcoronary Sinus Catheter Interventions in Myocardial Ischemia. Interv Cardiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118983652.ch84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Werner Mohl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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23
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Tyser RC, Miranda AM, Chen CM, Davidson SM, Srinivas S, Riley PR. Calcium handling precedes cardiac differentiation to initiate the first heartbeat. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27725084 PMCID: PMC5059139 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian heartbeat is thought to begin just prior to the linear heart tube stage of development. How the initial contractions are established and the downstream consequences of the earliest contractile function on cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis have not been described. Using high-resolution live imaging of mouse embryos, we observed randomly distributed spontaneous asynchronous Ca2+-oscillations (SACOs) in the forming cardiac crescent (stage E7.75) prior to overt beating. Nascent contraction initiated at around E8.0 and was associated with sarcomeric assembly and rapid Ca2+ transients, underpinned by sequential expression of the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX1) and L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC). Pharmacological inhibition of NCX1 and LTCC revealed rapid development of Ca2+ handling in the early heart and an essential early role for NCX1 in establishing SACOs through to the initiation of beating. NCX1 blockade impacted on CaMKII signalling to down-regulate cardiac gene expression, leading to impaired differentiation and failed crescent maturation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17113.001 The heart is the first organ to form and to begin working in an embryo during pregnancy. It must begin pumping early to supply oxygen and nutrients to the developing embryo. Coordinated contractions of specialised muscle cells in the heart, called cardiomyocytes, generate the force needed to pump blood. The flow of calcium ions into and out of the cardiomyocytes triggers these heartbeats. In addition to triggering heart contractions, calcium ions also act as a messenger that drives changes in which genes are active in the cardiomyocytes and how these cells behave. Scientists commonly think of the first heartbeat as occurring after a tube-like structure forms in the embryo that will eventually develop into the heart. However, it is not yet clear how the first heartbeat starts or how the initial heartbeats affect further heart development. Tyser, Miranda et al. now show that the first heartbeat actually occurs much earlier in embryonic development than widely appreciated. In the experiments, videos of live mouse embryos showed that prior to the first heartbeat the flow of calcium ions between different cardiomyocytes is not synchronised. However, as the heart grows these calcium flows become coordinated leading to the first heartbeat. The heartbeats also become faster as the heart grows. Using drugs to block the movement of calcium ions, Tyser, Miranda et al. also show that a protein called NCX1 is required to trigger the calcium flows prior to the first heartbeat. Moreover, the experiments revealed that these early heartbeats help drive the growth of cardiomyocytes and shape the developing heart. Together, the experiments show that the first heartbeats are essential for normal heart development. Future studies are needed to determine what controls the speed of the first heartbeats, and what organises the calcium flows that trigger the first heartbeat. Such studies may help scientists better understand birth defects of the heart, and may suggest strategies to rebuild hearts that have been damaged by a heart attack or other injury. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.17113.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Cv Tyser
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London and Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Ma Miranda
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London and Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shankar Srinivas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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24
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Haack T, Abdelilah-Seyfried S. The force within: endocardial development, mechanotransduction and signalling during cardiac morphogenesis. Development 2016; 143:373-86. [PMID: 26839341 DOI: 10.1242/dev.131425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Endocardial cells are cardiac endothelial cells that line the interior of the heart tube. Historically, their contribution to cardiac development has mainly been considered from a morphological perspective. However, recent studies have begun to define novel instructive roles of the endocardium, as a sensor and signal transducer of biophysical forces induced by blood flow, and as an angiocrine signalling centre that is involved in myocardial cellular morphogenesis, regeneration and reprogramming. In this Review, we discuss how the endocardium develops, how endocardial-myocardial interactions influence the developing embryonic heart, and how the dysregulation of blood flow-responsive endocardial signalling can result in pathophysiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Haack
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany
| | - Salim Abdelilah-Seyfried
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Straße 1, Hannover D-30625, Germany Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
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25
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Andrés-Delgado L, Mercader N. Interplay between cardiac function and heart development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1707-16. [PMID: 26952935 PMCID: PMC4906158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction refers to the conversion of mechanical forces into biochemical or electrical signals that initiate structural and functional remodeling in cells and tissues. The heart is a kinetic organ whose form changes considerably during development and disease. This requires cardiomyocytes to be mechanically durable and able to mount coordinated responses to a variety of environmental signals on different time scales, including cardiac pressure loading and electrical and hemodynamic forces. During physiological growth, myocytes, endocardial and epicardial cells have to adaptively remodel to these mechanical forces. Here we review some of the recent advances in the understanding of how mechanical forces influence cardiac development, with a focus on fluid flow forces. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Andrés-Delgado
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Gore-Panter SR, Hsu J, Barnard J, Moravec CS, Van Wagoner DR, Chung MK, Smith JD. PANCR, the PITX2 Adjacent Noncoding RNA, Is Expressed in Human Left Atria and Regulates PITX2c Expression. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016; 9:e003197. [PMID: 26783232 PMCID: PMC4719779 DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide studies reveal that genetic variants at chromosome 4q25 constitute the strongest locus associated with atrial fibrillation, the most frequent arrhythmia. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. Our goal is to find and characterize left atrial-expressed transcripts in the chromosome 4q25 atrial fibrillation risk locus that may play a role in atrial fibrillation pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS RNA sequencing performed on human left/right pairs identified an intergenic long noncoding RNA adjacent to the PITX2 gene, which we have named PANCR (PITX2 adjacent noncoding RNA). In a human tissue screen, PANCR was expressed specifically in the left atria and eye and in no other chambers of the heart. The levels of PANCR and PITX2c RNAs were highly correlated in 233 human left atrial appendage samples. PANCR levels were not associated with either atrial rhythm status or the genotypes of the chromosome 4q25 atrial fibrillation risk variants. Both PANCR and PITX2c RNAs were induced early during differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes. Because long noncoding RNAs often control gene expression, we performed siRNA-mediated knockdown of PANCR, and this treatment repressed PITX2c expression and mimicked the effects of PITX2c knockdown on global mRNA and miRNA expression. Cell fractionation studies demonstrate that PANCR is primarily localized in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS PANCR and PITX2c are coordinately expressed early during cardiomyocyte differentiation from stem cells. PANCR knockdown decreased PITX2c expression in differentiated cardiomyocytes, altering the transcriptome in a manner similar to PITX2c knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamone R Gore-Panter
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., J.H., J.D.S.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., J.H., J.D.S.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - John Barnard
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., J.H., J.D.S.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Christine S Moravec
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., J.H., J.D.S.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - David R Van Wagoner
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., J.H., J.D.S.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Mina K Chung
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., J.H., J.D.S.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- From the Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C.), Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute (S.R.G.-P., J.H., J.D.S.), Department of Quantitative Health Sciences (J.B.), and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.S.M., D.R.V.W., M.K.C., J.D.S.), Cleveland Clinic, OH.
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Katz MG, Fargnoli AS, Kendle AP, Hajjar RJ, Bridges CR. The role of microRNAs in cardiac development and regenerative capacity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H528-41. [PMID: 26702142 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00181.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian heart has long been considered to be a postmitotic organ. It was thought that, in the postnatal period, the heart underwent a transition from hyperplasic growth (more cells) to hypertrophic growth (larger cells) due to the conversion of cardiomyocytes from a proliferative state to one of terminal differentiation. This hypothesis was gradually disproven, as data were published showing that the myocardium is a more dynamic tissue in which cardiomyocyte karyokinesis and cytokinesis produce new cells, leading to the hyperplasic regeneration of some of the muscle mass lost in various pathological processes. microRNAs have been shown to be critical regulators of cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation and may offer the novel opportunity of regenerative hyperplasic therapy. Here we summarize the relevant processes and recent progress regarding the functions of specific microRNAs in cardiac development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Katz
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anthony S Fargnoli
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and
| | - Andrew P Kendle
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Charles R Bridges
- Sanger Heart & Vascular Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, North Carolina; and
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29
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Li J, Yue Y, Zhao Q. Retinoic Acid Signaling Is Essential for Valvulogenesis by Affecting Endocardial Cushions Formation in Zebrafish Embryos. Zebrafish 2015; 13:9-18. [PMID: 26671342 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) plays important roles in many stages of heart morphogenesis. Zebrafish embryos treated with exogenous RA display defective atrio-ventricular canal (AVC) specification. However, whether endogenous RA signaling takes part in cardiac valve formation remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the role of RA signaling in cardiac valve development by knocking down aldh1a2, the gene encoding an enzyme that is mainly responsible for RA synthesis during early development, in zebrafish embryos. The results showed that partially knocking down aldh1a2 caused defective formation of primitive cardiac valve leaflets at 108 hpf (hour post-fertilization). Inhibiting endogenous RA signaling by 4-diethylaminobenzal-dehyde revealed that 16-26 hpf was a key time window when RA signaling affects the valvulogenesis. The aldh1a2 morphants had defective formation of endocardial cushion (EC) at 76 hpf though they had almost normal hemodynamics and cardiac chamber specification at early development. Examining the expression patterns of AVC marker genes including bmp4, bmp2b, nppa, notch1b, and has2, we found the morphants displayed abnormal development of endocardial AVC but almost normal development of myocardial AVC at 50 hpf. Being consistent with the reduced expression of notch1b in endocardial AVC, the VE-cadherin gene cdh5, the downstream gene of Notch signaling, was ectopically expressed in AVC of aldh1a2 morphants at 50 hpf, and overexpression of cdh5 greatly affected the formation of EC in the embryos at 76 hpf. Taken together, our results suggest that RA signaling plays essential roles in zebrafish cardiac valvulogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Yunyun Yue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
| | - Qingshun Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
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Dever JT, Kemp MQ, Thompson AL, Keller HGK, Waksmonski JC, Scholl CD, Barnes DM. Survival and Diversity of Human Homologous Dietary MicroRNAs in Conventionally Cooked Top Sirloin and Dried Bovine Tissue Extracts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138275. [PMID: 26394052 PMCID: PMC4578893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary microRNAs (miRNAs), notably those found in milk, are currently being investigated for their potential to elicit biological effects via canonical binding to human messenger RNA targets once ingested. Besides milk, beef and other bovine tissue-derived ingredients could also be a relevant source of potentially bioactive dietary miRNAs. In this study, we characterized the human homologous miRNA profiles in food-grade, bovine-sourced sirloin, heart and adrenal tissue (raw, cooked, and pasteurized, freeze-dried extracts) via deep-sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). A total of 198 human homologous miRNAs were detected at 10 or more normalized reads in all replicates (n = 3) of at least one preparation method. Tissue origin rather than preparation method was the major differentiating factor of miRNA profiles, and adrenal-based miRNA profiles were the most distinct. The ten most prevalent miRNAs in each tissue represented 71–93% of the total normalized counts for all annotated miRNAs. In cooked sirloin, the most abundant miRNAs were miR-10b-5p, (48.8% of total annotated miRNA reads) along with the muscle-specific miR-1 (24.1%) and miR-206 (4.8%). In dried heart extracts, miR-1 (17.0%), miR-100-5p (16.1%) and miR-99a-5p (11.0%) gave the highest normalized read counts. In dried adrenal extracts, miR-10b-5p (71.2%) was the most prominent followed by miR-143-3p (7.1%) and 146b-5p (3.7%). Sequencing results for five detected and two undetected miRNAs were successfully validated by RT-qPCR. We conclude that edible, bovine tissues contain unique profiles of human homologous dietary miRNAs that survive heat-based preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T. Dever
- Research and Development Department, Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael Q. Kemp
- Research and Development Department, Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Research and Development Department, Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hana G. K. Keller
- Research and Development Department, Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James C. Waksmonski
- Research and Development Department, Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Chris D. Scholl
- Research and Development Department, Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David M. Barnes
- Research and Development Department, Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, United States of America
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31
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an essential role in the onset and development of many cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence shows that miRNAs can be used as potential diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases, and miRNA-based therapy may be a promising therapy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The microRNA-143/-145 (miR-143/-145) cluster is essential for differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and determines VSMC phenotypic switching. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in knowledge concerning the function of miR-143/-145 in the cardiovascular system and their role in cardiovascular diseases. We discuss the potential role of miR-143/-145 as valuable biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases and explore the potential strategy of targeting miR-143 and miR-145.
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Boselli F, Freund JB, Vermot J. Blood flow mechanics in cardiovascular development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2545-59. [PMID: 25801176 PMCID: PMC4457920 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic forces are fundamental to development. Indeed, much of cardiovascular morphogenesis reflects a two-way interaction between mechanical forces and the gene network activated in endothelial cells via mechanotransduction feedback loops. As these interactions are becoming better understood in different model organisms, it is possible to identify common mechanogenetic rules, which are strikingly conserved and shared in many tissues and species. Here, we discuss recent findings showing how hemodynamic forces potentially modulate cardiovascular development as well as the underlying fluid and tissue mechanics, with special attention given to the flow characteristics that are unique to the small scales of embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Boselli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France,
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Mohl W, Gangl C, Jusić A, Aschacher T, De Jonge M, Rattay F. PICSO: from myocardial salvage to tissue regeneration. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2015; 16:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yang L, Gao X, Luo H, Huang Q, Wei Y, Zhang G, Huang G, Su D, Chen L, Lu C, Yang J, Ma X. No association of pri-miR-143 rs41291957 polymorphism with the risk of congenital heart disease in a Chinese population. Pediatr Cardiol 2014; 35:1057-61. [PMID: 24752771 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-014-0898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
MiR-143 plays an important role in the heart development of zebra fish. The rs41291957 variant located in the pri-miR-143 sequence is associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. Therefore, the authors hypothesized that rs41291957 in pri-miR-143 might be involved in the risk of sporadic congenital heart disease (CHD). The authors conducted a case-control study of CHD in a Chinese population to test their hypothesis by genotyping pri-miR-143 rs41291957 in 1,109 CHD cases and 915 non-CHD control subjects. Logistic regression analyses showed no significant association of genotype or allele frequencies of pri-miR-143 rs41291957 A/G polymorphism with the CHD cases in overall or various subtypes compared with the control group. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the relationship between miR-143 and CHD cases. The results demonstrated that rs41291957 in pri-miR-143 has no major role in genetic susceptibility to sporadic CHD, at least in the current study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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35
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The Hypothesis of “Embryonic Recall”: Mechanotransduction as Common Denominator Linking Normal Cardiogenesis to Recovery in Adult Failing Hearts. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/jcdd1010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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36
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Abstract
MicroRNA MicroRNA s (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs acting as endogenous regulators of gene expression. Their discovery is one of the major recent breakthroughs in molecular biology. miRNAs establish a multiplicity of relationships with target mRNAs and exert pleiotropic biological effects in many cell physiological pathways during development and adult life. The dynamic nature of gene expression regulation by Retinoic Acid Retinoic acid (RA) is consistent with an extensive functional interplay with miRNA activities. In fact, RA regulates the expression of many different miRNAs, thus suggesting a relevant function of miRNAs in RA-controlled gene expression programmes. miRNAs have been extensively studied as targets and mediators of the biological activity of RA during embryonic development as well as in normal and neoplastic cells. However, relatively few studies have experimentally explored the direct contribution of miRNA function to the RA signalling pathway. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanistic aspects that allow miRNA biogenesis, functional activation and regulation, focusing on recent evidence that highlights a functional interplay between miRNAs and RA-regulated molecular networks. We report examples of tissue-specific roles of miRNAs modulated by RA in stem cell pluripotency maintenance and regeneration, embryonic development, hematopoietic and neural differentiation, and other biological model systems, underlining their role in disease pathogenesis. We also address novel areas of research linking the RA signalling pathway to the nuclear activity of miRNAs.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Differentiation
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Embryonic Development
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology
- Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism
- Retinoid X Receptors/genetics
- Retinoid X Receptors/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Tretinoin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Nervi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy,
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37
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Haemodynamically dependent valvulogenesis of zebrafish heart is mediated by flow-dependent expression of miR-21. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1978. [PMID: 23748970 PMCID: PMC3709480 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heartbeat is required for normal development of the heart, and perturbation of intracardiac flow leads to morphological defects resembling congenital heart diseases. These observations implicate intracardiac haemodynamics in cardiogenesis, but the signalling cascades connecting physical forces, gene expression and morphogenesis are largely unknown. Here we use a zebrafish model to show that the microRNA, miR-21, is crucial for regulation of heart valve formation. Expression of miR-21 is rapidly switched on and off by blood flow. Vasoconstriction and increasing shear stress induce ectopic expression of miR-21 in the head vasculature and heart. Flow-dependent expression of mir-21 governs valvulogenesis by regulating the expression of the same targets as mouse/human miR-21 (sprouty, pdcd4, ptenb) and induces cell proliferation in the valve-forming endocardium at constrictions in the heart tube where shear stress is highest. We conclude that miR-21 is a central component of a flow-controlled mechanotransduction system in a physicogenetic regulatory loop.
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38
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Gays D, Santoro MM. The admiR-able advances in cardiovascular biology through the zebrafish model system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2489-503. [PMID: 23069988 PMCID: PMC11113687 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs endogenously expressed by all tissues during development and adulthood. They regulate gene expression by controlling the stability of targeted messenger RNA. In cardiovascular tissues microRNAs play a role by modulating essential genes involved in heart and blood vessel development and homeostasis. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) system is a recognized vertebrate model system useful to study cardiovascular biology; recently, it has been used to investigate microRNA functions during natural and pathological states. In this review, we will illustrate the advantages of the zebrafish model in the study of microRNAs in heart and vascular cells, providing an update on recent discoveries using the zebrafish to identify new microRNAs and their targeted genes in cardiovascular tissues. Lastly, we will provide evidence that the zebrafish is an optimal model system to undercover new microRNA functions in vertebrates and to improve microRNA-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Gays
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Mattia Santoro
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Bonet F, Hernandez-Torres F, Esteban FJ, Aranega A, Franco D. Comparative Analyses of MicroRNA Microarrays during Cardiogenesis: Functional Perspectives. MICROARRAYS 2013; 2:81-96. [PMID: 27605182 PMCID: PMC5003481 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays2020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular development is a complex process in which several transcriptional pathways are operative, providing instructions to the developing cardiomyocytes, while coping with contraction and morphogenetic movements to shape the mature heart. The discovery of microRNAs has added a new layer of complexity to the molecular mechanisms governing the formation of the heart. Discrete genetic ablation of the microRNAs processing enzymes, such as Dicer and Drosha, has highlighted the functional roles of microRNAs during heart development. Importantly, selective deletion of a single microRNA, miR-1-2, results in an embryonic lethal phenotype in which both morphogenetic, as well as impaired conduction, phenotypes can be observed. In an effort to grasp the variability of microRNA expression during cardiac morphogenesis, we recently reported the dynamic expression profile during ventricular development, highlighting the importance of miR-27 on the regulation of a key cardiac transcription factor, Mef2c. In this review, we compare the microRNA expression profile in distinct models of cardiogenesis, such as ventricular chamber development, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived cardiomyocytes and the aging heart. Importantly, out of 486 microRNAs assessed in the developing heart, 11% (55) displayed increased expression, many of which are also differentially expressed in distinct cardiogenetic experimental models, including iPS-derived cardiomyocytes. A review on the functional analyses of these differentially expressed microRNAs will be provided in the context of cardiac development, highlighting the resolution and power of microarrays analyses on the quest to decipher the most relevant microRNAs in the developing, aging and diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bonet
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain.
| | - Francisco Hernandez-Torres
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain.
| | - Franciso J Esteban
- System Biology Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain.
| | - Amelia Aranega
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain.
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén 23071, Spain.
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Hsu J, Hanna P, Van Wagoner DR, Barnard J, Serre D, Chung MK, Smith JD. Whole genome expression differences in human left and right atria ascertained by RNA sequencing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:327-35. [PMID: 22474228 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.961631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The left and right atria have different susceptibilities toward developing arrhythmias, with left atrial arrhythmias more commonly observed. To understand the molecular basis for such differences, we catalogued micro (mi)RNA and mRNA expression differences by next generation sequencing. METHODS AND RESULTS Four human left-right atrial pairs were subjected to whole-genome expression analyses via next-generation sequencing of small RNAs, including miRNAs, and poly-A-enriched mRNAs. Using a paired sample design, significant differences in the expression of 32 miRNAs were found in between the left and right atria at a probability value of <0.01. Hsa-miR-143 was the most highly expressed miRNA in the atria, as quantified by RNA sequencing. There were 746 and 2292 differentially expressed mRNAs between the left and right atria at false discovery rates of <0.001 and <0.05, respectively. Transcription factor binding elements within 2 kb of RefSeq genes were determined and specific motifs were identified that were enriched in differentially expressed genes. Similarly, specific miRNA target sequences in 3' UTRs were also enriched in differentially expressed genes. In addition, 11 novel noncoding RNAs of unknown function were found to be differentially expressed between the left and right atria. CONCLUSIONS There are significant differences in miRNA and mRNA expression profiles between the left and right atria, which may yield insight into increased the arrhythmogenesis of the left atria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Hsu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH, USA
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41
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs of ~22nt in length which are involved in the regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by degrading their target mRNAs and/or inhibiting their translation. Expressed ubiquitously or in a tissue-specific manner, miRNAs are involved in the regulation of many biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and the maintenance of normal cellular physiology. Many miRNAs are expressed in embryonic, postnatal, and adult hearts. Aberrant expression or genetic deletion of miRNAs is associated with abnormal cardiac cell differentiation, disruption of heart development, and cardiac dysfunction. This chapter will summarize the history, biogenesis, and processing of miRNAs as well as their function in heart development, remodeling, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A Espinoza-Lewis
- Cardiovascular Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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42
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that are approximately 22 nucleotides in length. Hundreds of miRNA genes are encoded in the animal genome, and each miRNA potentially regulates tens to hundreds of protein-coding transcripts post-transcriptionally. Experimental and bioinformatic approaches have shown widespread regulatory roles for miRNAs in metazoa including roles in cellular homeostasis and human diseases. Since the discoveries of let-7 and lin-4 miRNAs as regulators of developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans, functions of miRNAs in the context of animal development have been studied in many model organisms. Although miRNAs are essential to achieve complex developmental processes, the vast majority of animal miRNA functions have yet to be determined. The identification of miRNA-target interactions and the interpretation of their biological significance are often difficult due to the divergent functions of miRNAs in intricate gene regulatory networks. This review summarizes our current knowledge on miRNA functions in vertebrate development by focusing on the progress made in the vertebrate model organism zebrafish (Danio rerio). Studies of miRNA functions in this small teleost highlight several common principles underlying the functions of animal miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Mishima
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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43
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“Fishing” for endothelial microRNA functions and dysfunction. Vascul Pharmacol 2011; 55:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.08.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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