1
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Hasanpour S, Eagderi S, Poorbagher H, Angrand PO, Hasanpour M, Lashkarbolok M. The effect of Activin pathway modulation on the expression of both pluripotency and differentiation markers during early zebrafish development compared with other vertebrates. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2021; 336:562-575. [PMID: 34254429 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Activin-like factors control many developmental processes, including pluripotency maintenance and differentiation. Although Activin-like factors' action in mesendoderm induction has been demonstrated in zebrafish, their involvement in preserving the stemness remains unknown. To investigate the role of maternal Activin-like factors, their effects were promoted or blocked using synthetic human Activin A or SB-431542 treatments respectively until the maternal to zygotic transition. To study the role of zygotic Activin-like factors, SB-431542 treatment was also applied after the maternal to zygotic transition. The effect of the pharmacological modulations of the Activin/Smad pathway was then studied on the mRNA expressions of the ndr1, ndr2, tbxta (no tail/ntl) as the differentiation index, mych, nanog, and oct4 (pou5f3) as the pluripotency markers of the zebrafish embryonic cells as well as sox17 as a definitive endoderm marker. Expression of the target genes was measured at the 16-cell, 256-cell, 1K-cell, oblong, dome, and shield stages using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Activation of the maternal Activin signaling pathway led to an increase in zygotic expression of the tbxta, particularly marked at the oblong stage. In other words, promotion of the maternal Activin/Smad pathway induced differentiation by advancing the major peaks of ndr1 and nanog, thereby eliciting tbxta expression. Whereas suppression of the maternal or zygotic Activin/Smad pathway sustained the pluripotency by preventing the major peaks of ndr1 and nanog as well as tbxta encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Hasanpour
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.,Development and Biosystematic Lab., Department of Fisheries and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Soheil Eagderi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hadi Poorbagher
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Pierre-Olivier Angrand
- Univ Lille, CNRS UMR 9020, Inserm UMR-S 1277, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR Canther-Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Lille, France
| | - Mohammad Hasanpour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Lashkarbolok
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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2
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Alemohammad H, Asadzadeh Z, Motafakker Azad R, Hemmat N, Najafzadeh B, Vasefifar P, Najafi S, Baradaran B. Signaling pathways and microRNAs, the orchestrators of NANOG activity during cancer induction. Life Sci 2020; 260:118337. [PMID: 32841661 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small part of cancer cells inside the tumor that have similar characteristics to normal stem cells. CSCs stimulate tumor initiation and progression in a variety of cancers. Several transcription factors such as NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 maintain the characteristics of CSCs and their upregulation is seen in many malignancies resulting in increased metastasis, invasion, and recurrence. Among these factors, NANOG plays an important role in regulating the self-renewal and pluripotency of CSCs and the clinical significance of NANOG has been suggested as a marker of CSCs in many cancers. The up and down-regulation of NANOG is associated with several important signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, TGF-β, Hedgehog, and several microRNAs (miRNAs). In this review, we will investigate the function of NANOG in CSCs and the molecular mechanism of its regulation by signaling pathways and miRNAs. We will also investigate targeting NANOG with different techniques, which is a promising treatment strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Vasefifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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3
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Hamidi S, Nakaya Y, Nagai H, Alev C, Kasukawa T, Chhabra S, Lee R, Niwa H, Warmflash A, Shibata T, Sheng G. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition regulates initiation of pluripotency exit before gastrulation. Development 2020; 147:147/3/dev184960. [PMID: 32014865 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pluripotent epiblast gives rise to all tissues and organs in the adult body. Its differentiation starts at gastrulation, when the epiblast generates mesoderm and endoderm germ layers through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Although gastrulation EMT coincides with loss of epiblast pluripotency, pluripotent cells in development and in vitro can adopt either mesenchymal or epithelial morphology. The relationship between epiblast cellular morphology and its pluripotency is not well understood. Here, using chicken epiblast and mammalian pluripotency stem cell (PSC) models, we show that PSCs undergo a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) prior to EMT-associated pluripotency loss. Epiblast MET and its subsequent EMT are two distinct processes. The former, a partial MET, is associated with reversible initiation of pluripotency exit, whereas the latter, a full EMT, is associated with complete and irreversible pluripotency loss. We provide evidence that integrin-mediated cell-matrix interaction is a key player in pluripotency exit regulation. We propose that epiblast partial MET is an evolutionarily conserved process among all amniotic vertebrates and that epiblast pluripotency is restricted to an intermediate cellular state residing between the fully mesenchymal and fully epithelial states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Hamidi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakaya
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Cantas Alev
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeya Kasukawa
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sapna Chhabra
- Systems, Synthetic and Physical Biology Graduate Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
| | - Ruda Lee
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Niwa
- Department of Pluripotent Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Tatsuo Shibata
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Guojun Sheng
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan .,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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4
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Prasad MS, Uribe-Querol E, Marquez J, Vadasz S, Yardley N, Shelar PB, Charney RM, García-Castro MI. Blastula stage specification of avian neural crest. Dev Biol 2020; 458:64-74. [PMID: 31610145 PMCID: PMC7050198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate specification defines the earliest steps towards a distinct cell lineage. Neural crest, a multipotent stem cell population, is thought to be specified from the ectoderm, but its varied contributions defy canons of segregation potential and challenges its embryonic origin. Aiming to resolve this conflict, we have assayed the earliest specification of neural crest using blastula stage chick embryos. Specification assays on isolated chick epiblast explants identify an intermediate region specified towards the neural crest cell fate. Furthermore, low density culture suggests that the specification of intermediate cells towards the neural crest lineage is independent of contact mediated induction and Wnt-ligand induced signaling, but is, however, dependent on transcriptional activity of β-catenin. Finally, we have validated the regional identity of the intermediate region towards the neural crest cell fate using fate map studies. Our results suggest a model of neural crest specification within a restricted epiblast region in blastula stage chick embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneeshi S Prasad
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Patrick B Shelar
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Rebekah M Charney
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Martín I García-Castro
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, USA.
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5
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Okuzaki Y, Kaneoka H, Suzuki T, Hagihara Y, Nakayama Y, Murakami S, Murase Y, Kuroiwa A, Iijima S, Nishijima KI. PRDM14 and BLIMP1 control the development of chicken primordial germ cells. Dev Biol 2019; 455:32-41. [PMID: 31271752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is a fundamental step in development. PR domain-containing protein 14 (PRDM14) and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) play pivotal roles in mouse PGC specification. In the present study, we assessed the roles of chicken orthologs of PRDM14 and BLIMP1 in PGC development. PRDM14 and BLIMP1 were expressed in blastodermal cells and PGCs. The in vivo knockdown of PRDM14 or BLIMP1 by introducing a replication-competent retroviral vector expressing shRNAs to the blastodermal stage of embryos reduced the number of SSEA-1 or chicken vasa homologue-positive PGCs on day 5.5-6.5. Since the inhibition of Activin receptor-like kinase 4/5/7 in cultured PGCs reduced the expression of PRDM14, BLIMP1, and NANOG, and that of MEK inhibited PRDM14 expression, the expression of these genes seems to be controlled by Activin A and FGF2 signaling. Overall, PRDM14, BLIMP1, and NANOG seem to be involved in the self-renewal of PGCs in cultured PGCs and embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Okuzaki
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hidenori Kaneoka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yota Hagihara
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Seitaro Murakami
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yusuke Murase
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuroiwa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinji Iijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nishijima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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6
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Liu Q, Guo Y, Liu S, Wang P, Xue Y, Cui Z, Chen J. Characterization of the iPSC-derived conditioned medium that promotes the growth of bovine corneal endothelial cells. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6734. [PMID: 31024764 PMCID: PMC6474332 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) maintain corneal transparency and visual acuity. However, the limited proliferative capability of these cells in vitro has prompted researchers to find efficient culturing techniques for them. The aim of our study was to evaluate the use of conditioned medium (CM) obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as a source for the effective proliferation of bovine CECs (B-CECs). In our study, the proliferative ability of B-CECs was moderately enhanced when the cells were grown in 25% iPSC conditioned medium (iPSC-CM). Additionally, hexagonal cell morphology was maintained until passage 4, as opposed to the irregular and enlarged shape observed in control corneal endothelial medium (CEM). B-CECs in both the 25% iPSC-CM and CEM groups expressed and Na+-K+-ATPase. The gene expression levels of NIFK, Na+-K+-ATPase, Col4A and Col8A and the percentage of cells entering S and G2 phases were higher in the iPSC-CM group. The number of apoptotic cells also decreased in the iPSC-CM group. In comparison to the control cultures, iPSC-CM facilitated cell migration, and these cells showed better barrier functions after several passages. The mechanism of cell proliferation mediated by iPSC-CM was also investigated, and phosphorylation of Akt was observed in B-CECs after exposure to iPSC-CM and showed sustained phosphorylation induced for up to 180 min in iPSC-CM. Our findings indicate that iPSC-CM may employ PI3-kinase signaling in regulating cell cycle progression, which can lead to enhanced cellular proliferation. Effective component analysis of the CM showed that in the iPSC-CM group, the expression of activin-A was significantly increased. If activin-A is added as a supplement, it could help to maintain the morphology of the cells, similar to that of CM. Hence, we conclude that activin-A is one of the effective components of CM in promoting cell proliferation and maintaining cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, The People’s Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing city, Chongqing, China
| | - Yonglong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxia Xue
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jiansu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Aier Eye Institute, Changsha, China
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7
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Yu CY, Chuang CY, Kuo HC. Trans-spliced long non-coding RNA: an emerging regulator of pluripotency. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3339-3351. [PMID: 29961157 PMCID: PMC11105688 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With dual capacities for unlimited self-renewal and pluripotent differentiation, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) give rise to many cell types in our body and PSC culture systems provide an unparalleled opportunity to study early human development and disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that the molecular mechanisms underlying pluripotency maintenance in PSCs involve many factors. Among these regulators, recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can affect the pluripotency circuitry by cooperating with master pluripotency-associated factors. Additionally, trans-spliced RNAs, which are generated by combining two or more pre-mRNA transcripts to produce a chimeric RNA, have been identified as regulators of various biological processes, including human pluripotency. In this review, we summarize and discuss current knowledge about the roles of lncRNAs, including trans-spliced lncRNAs, in controlling pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ying Yu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chuang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Yakhkeshi S, Rahimi S, Sharafi M, Hassani S, Taleahmad S, Shahverdi A, Baharvand H. In vitro improvement of quail primordial germ cell expansion through activation of TGF‐beta signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4309-4319. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Yakhkeshi
- Department of Poultry ScienceFaculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Shaban Rahimi
- Department of Poultry ScienceFaculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Mohsen Sharafi
- Department of Poultry ScienceFaculty of AgricultureTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Seyedeh‐Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Sara Taleahmad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Abdolhossein Shahverdi
- Department of EmbryologyReproductive Biomedicine Research CenterRoyan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECRTehranIran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental BiologyCell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Developmental BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
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9
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Lizio M, Deviatiiarov R, Nagai H, Galan L, Arner E, Itoh M, Lassmann T, Kasukawa T, Hasegawa A, Ros MA, Hayashizaki Y, Carninci P, Forrest ARR, Kawaji H, Gusev O, Sheng G. Systematic analysis of transcription start sites in avian development. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002887. [PMID: 28873399 PMCID: PMC5600399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) in combination with single-molecule sequencing technology allows precision mapping of transcription start sites (TSSs) and genome-wide capture of promoter activities in differentiated and steady state cell populations. Much less is known about whether TSS profiling can characterize diverse and non-steady state cell populations, such as the approximately 400 transitory and heterogeneous cell types that arise during ontogeny of vertebrate animals. To gain such insight, we used the chick model and performed CAGE-based TSS analysis on embryonic samples covering the full 3-week developmental period. In total, 31,863 robust TSS peaks (>1 tag per million [TPM]) were mapped to the latest chicken genome assembly, of which 34% to 46% were active in any given developmental stage. ZENBU, a web-based, open-source platform, was used for interactive data exploration. TSSs of genes critical for lineage differentiation could be precisely mapped and their activities tracked throughout development, suggesting that non-steady state and heterogeneous cell populations are amenable to CAGE-based transcriptional analysis. Our study also uncovered a large set of extremely stable housekeeping TSSs and many novel stage-specific ones. We furthermore demonstrated that TSS mapping could expedite motif-based promoter analysis for regulatory modules associated with stage-specific and housekeeping genes. Finally, using Brachyury as an example, we provide evidence that precise TSS mapping in combination with Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-on technology enables us, for the first time, to efficiently target endogenous avian genes for transcriptional activation. Taken together, our results represent the first report of genome-wide TSS mapping in birds and the first systematic developmental TSS analysis in any amniote species (birds and mammals). By facilitating promoter-based molecular analysis and genetic manipulation, our work also underscores the value of avian models in unravelling the complex regulatory mechanism of cell lineage specification during amniote development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Lizio
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ruslan Deviatiiarov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Laura Galan
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN), Santander, Spain
| | - Erik Arner
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Itoh
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeya Kasukawa
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Hasegawa
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Marian A. Ros
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria-SODERCAN), Santander, Spain
| | - Yoshihide Hayashizaki
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Alistair R. R. Forrest
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, the University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hideya Kawaji
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Omics Science Center (OSC), Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (GS); (HK); (OG)
| | - Oleg Gusev
- Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies (CLST), Yokohama, Japan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- RIKEN Preventive Medicine and Diagnosis Innovation Program, Yokohama, Japan
- RIKEN Innovation Center, Wako, Japan
- * E-mail: (GS); (HK); (OG)
| | - Guojun Sheng
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail: (GS); (HK); (OG)
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10
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Bertocchini F, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM. Germline development in amniotes: A paradigm shift in primordial germ cell specification. Bioessays 2016; 38:791-800. [PMID: 27273724 PMCID: PMC5089639 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the field of germline development in amniote vertebrates, primordial germ cell (PGC) specification in birds and reptiles remains controversial. Avians are believed to adopt a predetermination or maternal specification mode of PGC formation, contrary to an inductive mode employed by mammals and, supposedly, reptiles. Here, we revisit and review some key aspects of PGC development that channelled the current subdivision, and challenge the position of birds and reptiles as well as the 'binary' evolutionary model of PGC development in vertebrates. We propose an alternative view on PGC specification where germ plasm plays a role in laying the foundation for the formation of PGC precursors (pPGC), but not necessarily of PGCs. Moreover, inductive mechanisms may be necessary for the transition from pPGCs to PGCs. Within this framework, the implementation of data from birds and reptiles could provide new insights on the evolution of PGC specification in amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bertocchini
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC)‐CSIC‐University of CantabriaSantanderSpain
| | - Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Reproductive MedicineGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
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11
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Lalit PA, Salick MR, Nelson DO, Squirrell JM, Shafer CM, Patel NG, Saeed I, Schmuck EG, Markandeya YS, Wong R, Lea MR, Eliceiri KW, Hacker TA, Crone WC, Kyba M, Garry DJ, Stewart R, Thomson JA, Downs KM, Lyons GE, Kamp TJ. Lineage Reprogramming of Fibroblasts into Proliferative Induced Cardiac Progenitor Cells by Defined Factors. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 18:354-67. [PMID: 26877223 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes; however, reprogramming into proliferative induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs) remains to be accomplished. Here we report that a combination of 11 or 5 cardiac factors along with canonical Wnt and JAK/STAT signaling reprogrammed adult mouse cardiac, lung, and tail tip fibroblasts into iCPCs. The iCPCs were cardiac mesoderm-restricted progenitors that could be expanded extensively while maintaining multipotency to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells in vitro. Moreover, iCPCs injected into the cardiac crescent of mouse embryos differentiated into cardiomyocytes. iCPCs transplanted into the post-myocardial infarction mouse heart improved survival and differentiated into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Lineage reprogramming of adult somatic cells into iCPCs provides a scalable cell source for drug discovery, disease modeling, and cardiac regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik A Lalit
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Max R Salick
- Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Material Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Daryl O Nelson
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jayne M Squirrell
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christina M Shafer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Neel G Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Imaan Saeed
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Eric G Schmuck
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | | | - Rachel Wong
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Martin R Lea
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Timothy A Hacker
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wendy C Crone
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Material Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Daniel J Garry
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ron Stewart
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Karen M Downs
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Gary E Lyons
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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12
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Whyte J, Glover JD, Woodcock M, Brzeszczynska J, Taylor L, Sherman A, Kaiser P, McGrew MJ. FGF, Insulin, and SMAD Signaling Cooperate for Avian Primordial Germ Cell Self-Renewal. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:1171-1182. [PMID: 26677769 PMCID: PMC4682126 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise self-renewal of the germ cell lineage is fundamental to fertility and reproductive success. The early precursors for the germ lineage, primordial germ cells (PGCs), survive and proliferate in several embryonic locations during their migration to the embryonic gonad. By elucidating the active signaling pathways in migratory PGCs in vivo, we were able to create culture conditions that recapitulate this embryonic germ cell environment. In defined medium conditions without feeder cells, the growth factors FGF2, insulin, and Activin A, signaling through their cognate-signaling pathways, were sufficient for self-renewal of germline-competent PGCs. Forced expression of constitutively active MEK1, AKT, and SMAD3 proteins could replace their respective upstream growth factors. Unexpectedly, we found that BMP4 could replace Activin A in non-clonal growth conditions. These defined medium conditions identify the key molecular pathways required for PGC self-renewal and will facilitate efforts in biobanking of chicken genetic resources and genome editing. Avian primordial germ cell self-renewal is dependent on FGF2, insulin, and Activin A molecules BMP4 can replace Activin A in non-clonal growth conditions Defined culture medium conditions will facilitate studies of germ cell self-renewal in other vertebrate species
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Whyte
- The Roslin Institute and Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - James D Glover
- The Roslin Institute and Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mark Woodcock
- The Roslin Institute and Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Joanna Brzeszczynska
- The Roslin Institute and Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Lorna Taylor
- The Roslin Institute and Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Adrian Sherman
- The Roslin Institute and Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Pete Kaiser
- The Roslin Institute and Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Michael J McGrew
- The Roslin Institute and Royal Dick School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
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13
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Ishige N. Involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway in feeder‑free culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6797-800. [PMID: 26398905 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A maintains the pluripotency of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells. A combination of activin A and CHIR99021 (CHIR), a specific inhibitor of glycogen synthase‑3β, is suitable for feeder‑free culture of hiPS cells. In the present study, the specific role of the Wnt signaling pathway in cells cultured under different conditions was investigated. Following transfection with the reporter plasmids, TOPflash and FOPflash, hiPS cells were cultured in medium, containing activin A, CHIR, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) or SB431542, a specific inhibitor of activin A. A luciferase reporter assay was performed 48 h later. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression levels of β‑catenin and tubulin‑α. The activity of Wnt in hiPS cells was suppressed by culture in the presence of activin A. The activation of the Wnt pathway was most marked when the cells were cultured with a combination of activin A and CHIR. Addition of SB431542 into the culture revealed no significant change in the Wnt pathway. Western blot analysis revealed that β‑catenin accumulated most often in cells cultured with activin A and CHIR. β‑catenin also accumulated in cells cultured with activin A alone. Culture with activin A and CHIR most effectively stimulated the Wnt signaling pathway, as measured by luciferase assays using TOPflash and FOP flash as reporter plasmids. β‑catenin accumulated in the hiPS cells cultured with activin A, via a mechanism, which remains to be elucidated. The Wnt signaling pathway may be important for hiPS cell growth in feeder‑free culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tomizawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284‑0003, Japan
| | - Fuminobu Shinozaki
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284‑0003, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Motoyoshi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284‑0003, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiyama
- Department of Rheumatology, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284‑0003, Japan
| | - Shigenori Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284‑0003, Japan
| | - Naoki Ishige
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization, Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284‑0003, Japan
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14
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Mak SS, Alev C, Nagai H, Wrabel A, Matsuoka Y, Honda A, Sheng G, Ladher RK. Characterization of the finch embryo supports evolutionary conservation of the naive stage of development in amniotes. eLife 2015; 4:e07178. [PMID: 26359635 PMCID: PMC4608004 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate pluripotency of mouse embryos transits from naive to primed state as the inner cell mass differentiates into epiblast. In vitro, their counterparts are embryonic (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs), respectively. Activation of the FGF signaling cascade results in mouse ESCs differentiating into mEpiSCs, indicative of its requirement in the shift between these states. However, only mouse ESCs correspond to the naive state; ESCs from other mammals and from chick show primed state characteristics. Thus, the significance of the naive state is unclear. In this study, we use zebra finch as a model for comparative ESC studies. The finch blastoderm has mESC-like properties, while chick blastoderm exhibits EpiSC features. In the absence of FGF signaling, finch cells retained expression of pluripotent markers, which were lost in cells from chick or aged finch epiblasts. Our data suggest that the naive state of pluripotency is evolutionarily conserved among amniotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Shan Mak
- Laboratory for Sensory Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Cantas Alev
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Anna Wrabel
- Laboratory for Sensory Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsuoka
- Laboratory for Sensory Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Laboratory for Sensory Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Guojun Sheng
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Raj K Ladher
- Laboratory for Sensory Development, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
- National Center for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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15
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Hu C, Li L. In vitro culture of isolated primary hepatocytes and stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells for liver regeneration. Protein Cell 2015; 6:562-74. [PMID: 26088193 PMCID: PMC4506286 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various liver diseases result in terminal hepatic failure, and liver transplantation, cell transplantation and artificial liver support systems are emerging as effective therapies for severe hepatic disease. However, all of these treatments are limited by organ or cell resources, so developing a sufficient number of functional hepatocytes for liver regeneration is a priority. Liver regeneration is a complex process regulated by growth factors (GFs), cytokines, transcription factors (TFs), hormones, oxidative stress products, metabolic networks, and microRNA. It is well-known that the function of isolated primary hepatocytes is hard to maintain; when cultured in vitro, these cells readily undergo dedifferentiation, causing them to lose hepatocyte function. For this reason, most studies focus on inducing stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) in vitro. In this review, we mainly focus on the nature of the liver regeneration process and discuss how to maintain and enhance in vitro hepatic function of isolated primary hepatocytes or stem cell-derived HLCs for liver regeneration. In this way, hepatocytes or HLCs may be applied for clinical use for the treatment of terminal liver diseases and may prolong the survival time of patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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16
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Sheng G. Epiblast morphogenesis before gastrulation. Dev Biol 2015; 401:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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18
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Weng W, Sheng G. Five transcription factors and FGF pathway inhibition efficiently induce erythroid differentiation in the epiblast. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:262-70. [PMID: 24672750 PMCID: PMC3964278 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primitive erythropoiesis follows a stereotypic developmental program of mesoderm ventralization and internalization, hemangioblast formation and migration, and erythroid lineage specification. Induction of erythropoiesis is inefficient in either ES/iPS cells in vitro or nonhemangioblast cell populations in vivo. Using the chick model, we report that epiblast cells can be directly and efficiently differentiated into the erythroid lineage by expressing five hematopoietic transcription regulators (SCL+LMO2+GATA2+LDB1+E2A) and inhibiting the FGF pathway. We show that these five genes are expressed with temporal specificity during normal erythropoiesis. Initiation of SCL and LMO2 expression requires FGF activity, whereas erythroid differentiation is enhanced by FGF inhibition. The lag between hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis is attributed to sequential coregulator expression and hemangioblast migration. Globin gene transcription can be ectopically and prematurely induced by manipulating the availability of these factors and the FGF pathway activity. We propose that similar approaches can be taken for efficient erythroid differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Weng
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Guojun Sheng
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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19
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Sheng G. Day-1 chick development. Dev Dyn 2013; 243:357-67. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Sheng
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis; RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology; Kobe Hyogo Japan
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20
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Sueishi M, Yoshida T. Activin A is essential for Feeder-free culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:584-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Alev C, Nakano M, Wu Y, Horiuchi H, Sheng G. Manipulating the avian epiblast and epiblast-derived stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 1074:151-173. [PMID: 23975812 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-628-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Compared to eutherian mammals, birds retain a primitive form of epiblast development. Molecular studies of the avian epiblast can provide valuable insight for mammalian epiblast research. Here, we introduce several basic techniques in handling epiblast-stage embryos of the chick, the major model organism for avian developmental biology studies. We describe how to collect embryos for RNA extraction and gene expression analysis, to set up ex ovo New culture for overexpression, bead graft and small molecule-based inhibitor studies, and to carry out whole-mount RNA in situ hybridization analysis. We introduce a novel and simple method for molecular perturbation of the epiblast differentiation in ovo. We also describe how to perform primary chicken epiblast cell culture, to establish stable epiblast stem cell (Epi-SC) lines, and to assay for pluripotency in primary epiblast cells and Epi-SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cantas Alev
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Japan
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22
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Tomizawa M, Shinozaki F, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S, Sueishi M, Yoshida T. Single-step protocol for the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells into hepatic progenitor-like cells. Biomed Rep 2012; 1:18-22. [PMID: 24648886 DOI: 10.3892/br.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are ideal sources of hepatocyte for transplantation into patients experiencing hepatic failure. Growth and transcription factors were analyzed to design a single-step protocol for the differentiation of iPS cells into hepatocytes. The expression of transcription factors was analyzed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and compared among iPS cells, as well as fetal and adult liver cells. iPS cells were cultured with growth factors and RT-PCR was performed to analyze the expression of transcription factors. iPS cells were introduced with transcription factors, cultured with growth factors and subjected to real-time quantitative PCR. Indocyanine green (ICG) was added to the medium as a hepatocyte marker. Sox17, GATA4, GATA6, FoxA2, HEX, HNF4α and C/EBPα were expressed in fetal and adult liver cells, but not in iPS cells. Sox17, GATA6 and HNF4α were expressed after exposure a combination of oncostatin M, epidermal growth factor, retinoic acid, dexamethasone and ITS (OERDITS). When iPS cells were introduced with FoxA2, GATA4, HEX and C/EBPα and cultured with OERDITS for 8 days, the cells expressed α-fetoprotein, δ-like (Dlk)-1 and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTP), and ICG uptake was observed. Exposure to FoxA2, GATA4, HEX and C/EBPα and culturing with OERDITS supplementation potentially serves as a single-step inducer for the differentiation of iPS cells into hepatic progenitor-like cells within 8 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Takanobu Yoshida
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital Organization Shimoshizu Hospital, Yotsukaido, Chiba 284-0003, Japan
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Warmflash A, Arduini BL, Brivanlou AH. The molecular circuitry underlying pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 4:443-56. [PMID: 22761038 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells in the pluripotent state have the ability to self-renew indefinitely and to differentiate to all the cells of the embryo. These cells provide an in vitro window into development, including human development, as well as holding extraordinary promise for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. The recent demonstration that somatic cells can be reprogrammed to the pluripotent state has raised the possibility of patient and disease-specific induced pluripotent cells. In this article, we review the molecular underpinning of pluripotency. We focus on the transcriptional and signaling networks that underlie the state of pluripotency and control differentiation. In general, the action of each of the molecular components and pathways is dose and context dependent highlighting the need for a systems approach to understanding pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Warmflash
- Laboratory of Molecular Vertebrate Embryology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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