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Rodríguez A, Foronda D, Córdoba S, Felipe-Cordero D, Baonza A, Miguez DG, Estella C. Cell proliferation and Notch signaling coordinate the formation of epithelial folds in the Drosophila leg. Development 2024; 151:dev202384. [PMID: 38512712 PMCID: PMC11058088 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The formation of complex three-dimensional organs during development requires precise coordination between patterning networks and mechanical forces. In particular, tissue folding is a crucial process that relies on a combination of local and tissue-wide mechanical forces. Here, we investigate the contribution of cell proliferation to epithelial morphogenesis using the Drosophila leg tarsal folds as a model. We reveal that tissue-wide compression forces generated by cell proliferation, in coordination with the Notch signaling pathway, are essential for the formation of epithelial folds in precise locations along the proximo-distal axis of the leg. As cell numbers increase, compressive stresses arise, promoting the folding of the epithelium and reinforcing the apical constriction of invaginating cells. Additionally, the Notch target dysfusion plays a key function specifying the location of the folds, through the apical accumulation of F-actin and the apico-basal shortening of invaginating cells. These findings provide new insights into the intricate mechanisms involved in epithelial morphogenesis, highlighting the crucial role of tissue-wide forces in shaping a three-dimensional organ in a reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Rodríguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - David Foronda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28670, Spain
| | - Sergio Córdoba
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Daniel Felipe-Cordero
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Antonio Baonza
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - David G. Miguez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Departmento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Física de la Materia Condensada (IFIMAC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Carlos Estella
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
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2
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Lye CM, Blanchard GB, Evans J, Nestor-Bergmann A, Sanson B. Polarised cell intercalation during Drosophila axis extension is robust to an orthogonal pull by the invaginating mesoderm. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002611. [PMID: 38683880 PMCID: PMC11081494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
As tissues grow and change shape during animal development, they physically pull and push on each other, and these mechanical interactions can be important for morphogenesis. During Drosophila gastrulation, mesoderm invagination temporally overlaps with the convergence and extension of the ectodermal germband; the latter is caused primarily by Myosin II-driven polarised cell intercalation. Here, we investigate the impact of mesoderm invagination on ectoderm extension, examining possible mechanical and mechanotransductive effects on Myosin II recruitment and polarised cell intercalation. We find that the germband ectoderm is deformed by the mesoderm pulling in the orthogonal direction to germband extension (GBE), showing mechanical coupling between these tissues. However, we do not find a significant change in Myosin II planar polarisation in response to mesoderm invagination, nor in the rate of junction shrinkage leading to neighbour exchange events. We conclude that the main cellular mechanism of axis extension, polarised cell intercalation, is robust to the mesoderm invagination pull. We find, however, that mesoderm invagination slows down the rate of anterior-posterior cell elongation that contributes to axis extension, counteracting the tension from the endoderm invagination, which pulls along the direction of GBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. Lye
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Guy B. Blanchard
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Evans
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Nestor-Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bénédicte Sanson
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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3
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Rosales-Vega M, Reséndez-Pérez D, Vázquez M. Antennapedia: The complexity of a master developmental transcription factor. Genesis 2024; 62:e23561. [PMID: 37830148 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Hox genes encode transcription factors that play an important role in establishing the basic body plan of animals. In Drosophila, Antennapedia is one of the five genes that make up the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C). Antennapedia determines the identity of the second thoracic segment, known as the mesothorax. Misexpression of Antennapedia at different developmental stages changes the identity of the mesothorax, including the muscles, nervous system, and cuticle. In Drosophila, Antennapedia has two distinct promoters highly regulated throughout development by several transcription factors. Antennapedia proteins are found with other transcription factors in different ANTENNAPEDIA transcriptional complexes to regulate multiple subsets of target genes. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms that regulate the expression and function of Antennapedia and the role of this Hox gene in the development of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rosales-Vega
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Diana Reséndez-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Inmunología y Virología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Martha Vázquez
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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4
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Kiontke K, Herrera RA, Mason DA, Woronik A, Vernooy S, Patel Y, Fitch DHA. Tissue-specific RNA-seq defines genes governing male tail tip morphogenesis in C. elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575210. [PMID: 38260477 PMCID: PMC10802606 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans males undergo sex-specific tail tip morphogenesis (TTM) under the control of the transcription factor DMD-3. To find genes regulated by DMD-3, We performed RNA-seq of laser-dissected tail tips. We identified 564 genes differentially expressed (DE) in wild-type males vs. dmd-3(-) males and hermaphrodites. The transcription profile of dmd-3(-) tail tips is similar to that in hermaphrodites. For validation, we analyzed transcriptional reporters for 49 genes and found male-specific or male-biased expression for 26 genes. Only 11 DE genes overlapped with genes found in a previous RNAi screen for defective TTM. GO enrichment analysis of DE genes finds upregulation of genes within the UPR (unfolded protein response) pathway and downregulation of genes involved in cuticle maintenance. Of the DE genes, 40 are transcription factors, indicating that the gene network downstream of DMD-3 is complex and potentially modular. We propose modules of genes that act together in TTM and are coregulated by DMD-3, among them the chondroitin synthesis pathway and the hypertonic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kiontke
- Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square E., New York, NY 10003
| | | | - D Adam Mason
- Biology Department, Siena College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY 12211
| | - Alyssa Woronik
- Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Avenue, Fairfield, CT 06825
| | - Stephanie Vernooy
- Biology Department, Siena College, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY 12211
| | - Yash Patel
- Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square E., New York, NY 10003
| | - David H A Fitch
- Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square E., New York, NY 10003
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5
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Niloy RA, Holcomb MC, Thomas JH, Blawzdziewicz J. The mechanics of cephalic furrow formation in the Drosophila embryo. Biophys J 2023; 122:3843-3859. [PMID: 37571824 PMCID: PMC10560681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cephalic furrow formation (CFF) is a major morphogenetic movement during gastrulation in Drosophila melanogaster embryos that gives rise to a deep, transitory epithelial invagination. Recent studies have identified the individual cell shape changes that drive the initiation and progression phases of CFF; however, the underlying mechanics are not yet well understood. During the progression phase, the furrow deepens as columnar cells from both the anterior and posterior directions fold inwards rotating by 90°. To analyze the mechanics of this process, we have developed an advanced two-dimensional lateral vertex model that includes multinode representation of cellular membranes and allows us to capture the membrane curvature associated with pressure variation. Our investigations reveal some key potential mechanical features of CFF, as follows. When cells begin to roll over the cephalic furrow cleft, they become wedge shaped as their apical cortices and overlying membranes expand, lateral cortices and overlying membranes release tension, internal pressures drop, and basal cortices and membranes contract. Then, cells reverse this process by shortening apical cortices and membranes, increasing lateral tension, and causing internal pressures to rise. Since the basal membranes expand, the cells recover their rotated columnar shape once in the furrow. Interestingly, our findings indicate that the basal membranes may be passively reactive throughout the progression phase. We also find that the smooth rolling of cells over the cephalic furrow cleft necessitates that internalized cells provide a solid base through high levels of membrane tension and internal pressure, which allows the transmission of tensile force that pulls new cells into the furrow. These results lead us to suggest that CFF helps to establish a baseline tension across the apical surface of the embryo to facilitate cellular coordination of other morphogenetic movements via mechanical stress feedback mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redowan A Niloy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Michael C Holcomb
- Department of Physics and Geosciences, Angelo State University, San Angelo, Texas
| | - Jeffrey H Thomas
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Jerzy Blawzdziewicz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
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6
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Ostberg H, Boehm Vock L, Bloch-Qazi MC. Advanced maternal age has negative multigenerational impacts during Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 4:100068. [PMID: 38161993 PMCID: PMC10757284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2023.100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Increasing maternal age is commonly accompanied by decreased fitness in offspring. In Drosophila melanogaster, maternal senescence negatively affects multiple facets of offspring phenotype and fitness. These maternal effects are particularly large on embryonic viability. Identifying which embryonic stages are disrupted can indicate mechanisms of maternal effect senescence. Some maternal effects can also carry-over to subsequent generations. We examined potential multi- and transgenerational effects maternal senescence on embryonic development in two laboratory strains of D. melanogaster. We categorized the developmental stages of embryos from every combination of old and young mother, grandmother and great grandmother. We then modelled embryonic survival across the stages and compared these models among the multigenerational maternal age groups in order to identify which developmental processes were most sensitive to the effects of maternal effect senescence. Maternal effect senescence has negative multigenerational effects on multiple embryonic stages, indicating that maternal provisioning and, possibly epigenetics, but not mutation accumulation, contribute to decreased offspring survival. This study shows the large, early and multi-faceted nature of maternal effects senescence in an insect population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halie Ostberg
- Department of Biology, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 West College Avenue, Saint Peter, MN 56082, USA
| | - Laura Boehm Vock
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 West College Avenue, Saint Peter, MN 56082, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Saint Olaf College, 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
| | - Margaret C. Bloch-Qazi
- Department of Biology, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 West College Avenue, Saint Peter, MN 56082, USA
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7
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Sakaguchi S, Mizuno S, Okochi Y, Tanegashima C, Nishimura O, Uemura T, Kadota M, Naoki H, Kondo T. Single-cell transcriptome atlas of Drosophila gastrula 2.0. Cell Rep 2023:112707. [PMID: 37433294 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, positional information directs cells to specific fates, leading them to differentiate with their own transcriptomes and express specific behaviors and functions. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes in a genome-wide view remain ambiguous, partly because the single-cell transcriptomic data of early developing embryos containing accurate spatial and lineage information are still lacking. Here, we report a single-cell transcriptome atlas of Drosophila gastrulae, divided into 77 transcriptomically distinct clusters. We find that the expression profiles of plasma-membrane-related genes, but not those of transcription-factor genes, represent each germ layer, supporting the nonequivalent contribution of each transcription-factor mRNA level to effector gene expression profiles at the transcriptome level. We also reconstruct the spatial expression patterns of all genes at the single-cell stripe level as the smallest unit. This atlas is an important resource for the genome-wide understanding of the mechanisms by which genes cooperatively orchestrate Drosophila gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunta Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Cell Recognition and Pattern Formation, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sonoko Mizuno
- Laboratory of Cell Recognition and Pattern Formation, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okochi
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tanegashima
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimura
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uemura
- Laboratory of Cell Recognition and Pattern Formation, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for Living Systems Information Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Kadota
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Honda Naoki
- Laboratory of Theoretical Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Laboratory of Data-driven Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan; Theoretical Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kondo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; The Keihanshin Consortium for Fostering the Next Generation of Global Leaders in Research (K-CONNEX), Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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8
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Pierini G, Dahmann C. Hedgehog morphogen gradient is robust towards variations in tissue morphology in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8454. [PMID: 37231029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During tissue development, gradients of secreted signaling molecules known as morphogens provide cells with positional information. The mechanisms underlying morphogen spreading have been widely studied, however, it remains largely unexplored whether the shape of morphogen gradients is influenced by tissue morphology. Here, we developed an analysis pipeline to quantify the distribution of proteins within a curved tissue. We applied it to the Hedgehog morphogen gradient in the Drosophila wing and eye-antennal imaginal discs, which are flat and curved tissues, respectively. Despite a different expression profile, the slope of the Hedgehog gradient was comparable between the two tissues. Moreover, inducing ectopic folds in wing imaginal discs did not affect the slope of the Hedgehog gradient. Suppressing curvature in the eye-antennal imaginal disc also did not alter the Hedgehog gradient slope but led to ectopic Hedgehog expression. In conclusion, through the development of an analysis pipeline that allows quantifying protein distribution in curved tissues, we show that the Hedgehog gradient is robust towards variations in tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pierini
- School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Dahmann
- School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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9
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Abstract
During gastrulation, early embryos specify and reorganise the topology of their germ layers. Surprisingly, this fundamental and early process does not appear to be rigidly constrained by evolutionary pressures; instead, the morphology of gastrulation is highly variable throughout the animal kingdom. Recent experimental results demonstrate that it is possible to generate different alternative gastrulation modes in single organisms, such as in early cnidarian, arthropod and vertebrate embryos. Here, we review the mechanisms that underlie the plasticity of vertebrate gastrulation both when experimentally manipulated and during evolution. Using the insights obtained from these experiments we discuss the effects of the increase in yolk volume on the morphology of gastrulation and provide new insights into two crucial innovations during amniote gastrulation: the transition from a ring-shaped mesoderm domain in anamniotes to a crescent-shaped domain in amniotes, and the evolution of the reptilian blastoporal plate/canal into the avian primitive streak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cornelis J. Weijer
- School of Life Sciences Research Complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
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10
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Zhu H, Oâ Shaughnessy B. Actomyosin pulsing rescues embryonic tissue folding from disruption by myosin fluctuations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.533016. [PMID: 36993262 PMCID: PMC10055118 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.533016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
During early development, myosin II mechanically reshapes and folds embryo tissue. A much-studied example is ventral furrow formation in Drosophila , marking the onset of gastrulation. Furrowing is driven by contraction of actomyosin networks on apical cell surfaces, but how the myosin patterning encodes tissue shape is unclear, and elastic models failed to reproduce essential features of experimental cell contraction profiles. The myosin patterning exhibits substantial cell-to-cell fluctuations with pulsatile time-dependence, a striking but unexplained feature of morphogenesis in many organisms. Here, using biophysical modeling we find viscous forces offer the principle resistance to actomyosin-driven apical constriction. In consequence, tissue shape is encoded in the direction-dependent curvature of the myosin patterning which orients an anterior-posterior furrow. Tissue contraction is highly sensitive to cell-to-cell myosin fluctuations, explaining furrowing failure in genetically perturbed embryos whose fluctuations are temporally persistent. In wild-type embryos, this catastrophic outcome is averted by pulsatile myosin time-dependence, a time-averaging effect that rescues furrowing. This low pass filter mechanism may underlie the usage of actomyosin pulsing in diverse morphogenetic processes across many organisms.
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11
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Chandran L, Backer W, Schleutker R, Kong D, Beati SAH, Luschnig S, Müller HAJ. Src42A is required for E-cadherin dynamics at cell junctions during Drosophila axis elongation. Development 2023; 150:286529. [PMID: 36628974 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Src kinases are important regulators of cell adhesion. Here, we have explored the function of Src42A in junction remodelling during Drosophila gastrulation. Src42A is required for tyrosine phosphorylation at bicellular (bAJ) and tricellular (tAJ) junctions in germband cells, and localizes to hotspots of mechanical tension. The role of Src42A was investigated using maternal RNAi and CRISPR-Cas9-induced germline mosaics. We find that, during cell intercalations, Src42A is required for the contraction of junctions at anterior-posterior cell interfaces. The planar polarity of E-cadherin is compromised and E-cadherin accumulates at tricellular junctions after Src42A knockdown. Furthermore, we show that Src42A acts in concert with Abl kinase, which has also been implicated in cell intercalations. Our data suggest that Src42A is involved in two related processes: in addition to establishing tension generated by the planar polarity of MyoII, it may also act as a signalling factor at tAJs to control E-cadherin residence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenin Chandran
- Developmental Genetics, Institut für Biologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Wilko Backer
- Institute for Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Raphael Schleutker
- Institute for Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Deqing Kong
- Developmental Genetics, Fachbereich Biologie, Philipps Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Seyed A H Beati
- Developmental Genetics, Institut für Biologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Stefan Luschnig
- Institute for Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H-Arno J Müller
- Developmental Genetics, Institut für Biologie, Universität Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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12
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Baltruk LJ, Lavezzo GM, Machado-Lima A, Digiampietri LA, Andrioli LP. An additive repression mechanism sets the anterior limits of anterior pair-rule stripes 1. Cells Dev 2022; 171:203802. [PMID: 35934285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2022.203802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Segments are repeated anatomical units forming the body of insects. In Drosophila, the specification of the body takes place during the blastoderm through the segmentation cascade. Pair-rule genes such as hairy (h), even-skipped (eve), runt (run), and fushi-tarazu (ftz) are of the intermediate level of the cascade and each pair-rule gene is expressed in seven transversal stripes along the antero-posterior axis of the embryo. Stripes are formed by independent cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) under the regulation of transcription factors of maternal source and of gap proteins of the first level of the cascade. The initial blastoderm of Drosophila is a syncytium and it also coincides with the mid-blastula transition when thousands of zygotic genes are transcribed and their products are able to diffuse in the cytoplasm. Thus, we anticipated a complex regulation of the CRMs of the pair-rule stripes. The CRMs of h 1, eve 1, run 1, ftz 1 are able to be activated by bicoid (bcd) throughout the anterior blastoderm and several lines of evidence indicate that they are repressed by the anterior gap genes slp1 (sloppy-paired 1), tll (tailless) and hkb (huckebein). The modest activity of these repressors led to the premise of a combinatorial mechanism regulating the expression of the CRMs of h 1, eve 1, run 1, ftz 1 in more anterior regions of the embryo. We tested this possibility by progressively removing the repression activities of slp1, tll and hkb. In doing so, we were able to expose a mechanism of additive repression limiting the anterior borders of stripes 1. Stripes 1 respond depending on their distance from the anterior end and repressors operating at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Miura Lavezzo
- Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariane Machado-Lima
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Program on Bioinformatics, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Paulo Andrioli
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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13
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Simões S, Lerchbaumer G, Pellikka M, Giannatou P, Lam T, Kim D, Yu J, ter Stal D, Al Kakouni K, Fernandez-Gonzalez R, Tepass U. Crumbs complex-directed apical membrane dynamics in epithelial cell ingression. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213229. [PMID: 35588693 PMCID: PMC9123285 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells often leave their tissue context and ingress to form new cell types or acquire migratory ability to move to distant sites during development and tumor progression. Cells lose their apical membrane and epithelial adherens junctions during ingression. However, how factors that organize apical-basal polarity contribute to ingression is unknown. Here, we show that the dynamic regulation of the apical Crumbs polarity complex is crucial for normal neural stem cell ingression. Crumbs endocytosis and recycling allow ingression to occur in a normal timeframe. During early ingression, Crumbs and its complex partner the RhoGEF Cysts support myosin and apical constriction to ensure robust ingression dynamics. During late ingression, the E3-ubiquitin ligase Neuralized facilitates the disassembly of the Crumbs complex and the rapid endocytic removal of the apical cell domain. Our findings reveal a mechanism integrating cell fate, apical polarity, endocytosis, vesicle trafficking, and actomyosin contractility to promote cell ingression, a fundamental morphogenetic process observed in animal development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Simões
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerald Lerchbaumer
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milena Pellikka
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paraskevi Giannatou
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Lam
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica Yu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David ter Stal
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenana Al Kakouni
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ulrich Tepass
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Correspondence to Ulrich Tepass:
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14
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Kraus Y, Osadchenko B, Kosevich I. Embryonic development of the moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): another variant on the theme of invagination. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13361. [PMID: 35607447 PMCID: PMC9123889 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aurelia aurita (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria) is an emblematic species of the jellyfish. Currently, it is an emerging model of Evo-Devo for studying evolution and molecular regulation of metazoans' complex life cycle, early development, and cell differentiation. For Aurelia, the genome was sequenced, the molecular cascades involved in the life cycle transitions were characterized, and embryogenesis was studied on the level of gross morphology. As a reliable representative of the class Scyphozoa, Aurelia can be used for comparative analysis of embryonic development within Cnidaria and between Cnidaria and Bilateria. One of the intriguing questions that can be posed is whether the invagination occurring during gastrulation of different cnidarians relies on the same cellular mechanisms. To answer this question, a detailed study of the cellular mechanisms underlying the early development of Aurelia is required. Methods We studied the embryogenesis of A. aurita using the modern methods of light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, confocal laser microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results In this article, we report a comprehensive study of the early development of A. aurita from the White Sea population. We described in detail the embryonic development of A. aurita from early cleavage up to the planula larva. We focused mainly on the cell morphogenetic movements underlying gastrulation. The dynamics of cell shape changes and cell behavior during invagination of the archenteron (future endoderm) were characterized. That allowed comparing the gastrulation by invagination in two cnidarian species-scyphozoan A. aurita and anthozoan Nematostella vectensis. We described the successive stages of blastopore closure and found that segregation of the germ layers in A. aurita is linked to the 'healing' of the blastopore lip. We followed the developmental origin of the planula body parts and characterized the planula cells' ultrastructure. We also found that the planula endoderm consists of three morphologically distinct compartments along the oral-aboral axis. Conclusions Epithelial invagination is a fundamental morphogenetic movement that is believed as highly conserved across metazoans. Our data on the cell shaping and behaviours driving invagination in A. aurita contribute to understanding of morphologically similar morphogenesis in different animals. By comparative analysis, we clearly show that invagination may differ at the cellular level between cnidarian species belonging to different classes (Anthozoa and Scyphozoa). The number of cells involved in invagination, the dynamics of the shape of the archenteron cells, the stage of epithelial-mesenchymal transition that these cells can reach, and the fate of blastopore lip cells may vary greatly between species. These results help to gain insight into the evolution of morphogenesis within the Cnidaria and within Metazoa in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kraus
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Osadchenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Kosevich
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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15
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Guo H, Huang S, He B. Evidence for a Role of the Lateral Ectoderm in Drosophila Mesoderm Invagination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:867438. [PMID: 35547820 PMCID: PMC9081377 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.867438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The folding of two-dimensional epithelial sheets into specific three-dimensional structures is a fundamental tissue construction mechanism in animal development. A common mechanism that mediates epithelial folding is apical constriction, the active shrinking of cell apices driven by actomyosin contractions. It remains unclear whether cells outside of the constriction domain also contribute to folding. During Drosophila mesoderm invagination, ventrally localized mesoderm epithelium undergoes apical constriction and subsequently folds into a furrow. While the critical role of apical constriction in ventral furrow formation has been well demonstrated, it remains unclear whether, and if so, how the laterally localized ectodermal tissue adjacent to the mesoderm contributes to furrow invagination. In this study, we combine experimental and computational approaches to test the potential function of the ectoderm in mesoderm invagination. Through laser-mediated, targeted disruption of cell formation prior to gastrulation, we found that the presence of intact lateral ectoderm is important for the effective transition between apical constriction and furrow invagination in the mesoderm. In addition, using a laser-ablation approach widely used for probing tissue tension, we found that the lateral ectodermal tissues exhibit signatures of tissue compression when ablation was performed shortly before the onset of mesoderm invagination. These observations led to the hypothesis that in-plane compression from the surrounding ectoderm facilitates mesoderm invagination by triggering buckling of the mesoderm epithelium. In support of this notion, we show that the dynamics of tissue flow during mesoderm invagination displays characteristic of elastic buckling, and this tissue dynamics can be recapitulated by combining local apical constriction and global compression in a simulated elastic monolayer. We propose that Drosophila mesoderm invagination is achieved through epithelial buckling jointly mediated by apical constriction in the mesoderm and compression from the neighboring ectoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bing He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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16
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Chen W, He B. Actomyosin activity-dependent apical targeting of Rab11 vesicles reinforces apical constriction. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213118. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During tissue morphogenesis, the changes in cell shape, resulting from cell-generated forces, often require active regulation of intracellular trafficking. How mechanical stimuli influence intracellular trafficking and how such regulation impacts tissue mechanics are not fully understood. In this study, we identify an actomyosin-dependent mechanism involving Rab11-mediated trafficking in regulating apical constriction in the Drosophila embryo. During Drosophila mesoderm invagination, apical actin and Myosin II (actomyosin) contractility induces apical accumulation of Rab11-marked vesicle-like structures (“Rab11 vesicles”) by promoting a directional bias in dynein-mediated vesicle transport. At the apical domain, Rab11 vesicles are enriched near the adherens junctions (AJs). The apical accumulation of Rab11 vesicles is essential to prevent fragmented apical AJs, breaks in the supracellular actomyosin network, and a reduction in the apical constriction rate. This Rab11 function is separate from its role in promoting apical Myosin II accumulation. These findings suggest a feedback mechanism between actomyosin activity and Rab11-mediated intracellular trafficking that regulates the force generation machinery during tissue folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Bing He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
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17
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Guo H, Swan M, He B. Optogenetic inhibition of actomyosin reveals mechanical bistability of the mesoderm epithelium during Drosophila mesoderm invagination. eLife 2022; 11:69082. [PMID: 35195065 PMCID: PMC8896829 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical constriction driven by actin and non-muscle myosin II (actomyosin) provides a well-conserved mechanism to mediate epithelial folding. It remains unclear how contractile forces near the apical surface of a cell sheet drive out-of-the-plane bending of the sheet and whether myosin contractility is required throughout folding. By optogenetic-mediated acute inhibition of actomyosin, we find that during Drosophila mesoderm invagination, actomyosin contractility is critical to prevent tissue relaxation during the early, ‘priming’ stage of folding but is dispensable for the actual folding step after the tissue passes through a stereotyped transitional configuration. This binary response suggests that Drosophila mesoderm is mechanically bistable during gastrulation. Computer modeling analysis demonstrates that the binary tissue response to actomyosin inhibition can be recapitulated in the simulated epithelium that undergoes buckling-like deformation jointly mediated by apical constriction in the mesoderm and in-plane compression generated by apicobasal shrinkage of the surrounding ectoderm. Interestingly, comparison between wild-type and snail mutants that fail to specify the mesoderm demonstrates that the lateral ectoderm undergoes apicobasal shrinkage during gastrulation independently of mesoderm invagination. We propose that Drosophila mesoderm invagination is achieved through an interplay between local apical constriction and mechanical bistability of the epithelium that facilitates epithelial buckling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States
| | - Michael Swan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Bing He
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States
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18
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Aakhte M, Müller HAJ. Multiview tiling light sheet microscopy for 3D high-resolution live imaging. Development 2021; 148:272173. [PMID: 34409448 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Light-sheet or selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) is ideally suited for in toto imaging of living specimens at high temporal-spatial resolution. In SPIM, the light scattering that occurs during imaging of opaque specimens brings about limitations in terms of resolution and the imaging field of view. To ameliorate this shortcoming, the illumination beam can be engineered into a highly confined light sheet over a large field of view and multi-view imaging can be performed by applying multiple lenses combined with mechanical rotation of the sample. Here, we present a Multiview tiling SPIM (MT-SPIM) that combines the Multi-view SPIM (M-SPIM) with a confined, multi-tiled light sheet. The MT-SPIM provides high-resolution, robust and rotation-free imaging of living specimens. We applied the MT-SPIM to image nuclei and Myosin II from the cellular to subcellular spatial scale in early Drosophila embryogenesis. We show that the MT-SPIM improves the axial-resolution relative to the conventional M-SPIM by a factor of two. We further demonstrate that this axial resolution enhancement improves the automated segmentation of Myosin II distribution and of nuclear volumes and shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Aakhte
- Developmental Genetics Group, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Hans-Arno J Müller
- Developmental Genetics Group, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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19
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Lemke S, Kale G, Urbansky S. Comparing gastrulation in flies: Links between cell biology and the evolution of embryonic morphogenesis. Mech Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2020.103648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Overton IM, Sims AH, Owen JA, Heale BSE, Ford MJ, Lubbock ALR, Pairo-Castineira E, Essafi A. Functional Transcription Factor Target Networks Illuminate Control of Epithelial Remodelling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102823. [PMID: 33007944 PMCID: PMC7652213 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell identity is governed by gene expression, regulated by transcription factor (TF) binding at cis-regulatory modules. Decoding the relationship between TF binding patterns and gene regulation is nontrivial, remaining a fundamental limitation in understanding cell decision-making. We developed the NetNC software to predict functionally active regulation of TF targets; demonstrated on nine datasets for the TFs Snail, Twist, and modENCODE Highly Occupied Target (HOT) regions. Snail and Twist are canonical drivers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cell programme important in development, tumour progression and fibrosis. Predicted "neutral" (non-functional) TF binding always accounted for the majority (50% to 95%) of candidate target genes from statistically significant peaks and HOT regions had higher functional binding than most of the Snail and Twist datasets examined. Our results illuminated conserved gene networks that control epithelial plasticity in development and disease. We identified new gene functions and network modules including crosstalk with notch signalling and regulation of chromatin organisation, evidencing networks that reshape Waddington's epigenetic landscape during epithelial remodelling. Expression of orthologous functional TF targets discriminated breast cancer molecular subtypes and predicted novel tumour biology, with implications for precision medicine. Predicted invasion roles were validated using a tractable cell model, supporting our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Overton
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrew H. Sims
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Jeremy A. Owen
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bret S. E. Heale
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Matthew J. Ford
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Alexander L. R. Lubbock
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Erola Pairo-Castineira
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
| | - Abdelkader Essafi
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.H.S.); (B.S.E.H.); (M.J.F.); (A.L.R.L.); (E.P.-C.); (A.E.)
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