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Donzella S, Fumagalli A, Contente ML, Molinari F, Compagno C. Waste cooking oil and molasses for the sustainable production of extracellular lipase by Saitozyma flava. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:712-720. [PMID: 38409863 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Organic waste valorization is one of the principal goals of the circular economy. Bioprocesses offer a promising approach to achieve this goal by employing microorganisms to convert organic feedstocks into high value products through their metabolic activities. In this study, a fermentation process for yeast cultivation and extracellular lipase production was developed by utilizing food waste. Lipases are versatile enzymes that can be applied in a wide range of industrial fields, from detergent, leather, and biodiesel production to food and beverage manufacturing. Among several oleaginous yeast species screened, Saitozyma flava was found to exhibit the highest secreted lipase activity on pNP-butyrate, pNP-caproate, and pNP-caprylate. The production medium was composed of molasses, a by-product of the sugar industry, which provided nutrients for yeast biomass formation. At the same time, waste cooking oil was employed to induce and enhance extracellular lipase production. After 48 h of process, 20 g/L of yeast biomass and 150 mU/mgdw of lipase activity were achieved, with a productivity of 3 mU/mgdw/h. The purified lipase from S. flava showed optimal performances at temperature 28°C and pH 8.0, exhibiting a specific activity of 62 U/mg when using p-NPC as substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Donzella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fumagalli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Letizia Contente
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Concetta Compagno
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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2
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Gaonkar SK, Alvares JJ, Furtado IJ. Recent advances in the production, properties and applications of haloextremozymes protease and lipase from haloarchaea. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:322. [PMID: 37755613 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Proteases and lipases are significant groups of enzymes for commercialization at the global level. Earlier, the industries depended on mesophilic proteases and lipases, which remain nonfunctional under extreme conditions. The discovery of extremophilic microorganisms, especially those belonging to haloarchaea, paved a new reserve of industrially competent extremozymes. Haloarchaea or halophilic archaea are polyextremophiles of domain Archaea that grow at high salinity, elevated temperature, pH range (pH 6-12), and low aw. Interestingly, haloarchaeal proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes also perform their catalytic function in the presence of 4-5 M NaCl in vivo and in vitro. Also, they are of great interest to study due to their capacity to function and are active at elevated temperatures, tolerance to pH extremes, and in non-aqueous media. In recent years, advances have been achieved in various aspects of genomic/molecular expression methods involving homologous and heterologous processes for the overproduction of these extremozymes and their characterization from haloarchaea. A few protease and lipase extremozymes have been successfully expressed in prokaryotic systems, especially E.coli, and enzyme modification techniques have improved the catalytic properties of the recombinant enzymes. Further, in-silico methods are currently applied to elucidate the structural and functional features of salt-stable protease and lipase in haloarchaea. In this review, the production and purification methods, catalytic and biochemical properties and biotechnological applications of haloextremozymes proteases and lipases are summarized along with recent advancements in overproduction and characterization of these enzymes, concluding with the directions for further in-depth research on proteases and lipases from haloarchaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket K Gaonkar
- Microbiology Programme, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India.
- Department of Microbiology, P.E.S's R.S.N College of Arts and Science, Farmagudi, Ponda-Goa, 403401, India.
| | - Jyothi Judith Alvares
- Microbiology Programme, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India
| | - Irene J Furtado
- Microbiology Programme, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa, 403206, India
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3
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Hassani II, Quadri I, Yadav A, Bouchard S, Raoult D, Hacène H, Desnues C. Assessment of diversity of archaeal communities in Algerian chott. Extremophiles 2023; 27:2. [PMID: 36469177 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-022-01287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic archaea are the dominant type of microorganisms in hypersaline environments. The diversity of halophilic archaea in Zehrez-Chergui (Saharian chott) was analyzed and compared by both analysis of a library of PCR amplified 16S rRNA genes and by cultivation approach. This work, represents the first of its type in Algeria. A total cell count was estimated at 3.8 × 103 CFU/g. The morphological, biochemical, and physiological characterizations of 45 distinct strains, suggests that all of them might be members of the class Halobacteria. Among stains, 23 were characterized phylogenetically and are related to 6 genera of halophilic archaea.The dominance of the genus Halopiger, has not been reported yet in other hypersaline environments. The 100 clones obtained by the molecular approach, were sequenced, and analyzed. The ribosomal library of 61 OTUs showed that the archaeal diversity included uncultured haloarcheon, Halomicrobium, Natronomonas, Halomicroarcula, Halapricum, Haloarcula, Halosimplex, Haloterrigena, Halolamina, Halorubellus, Halorussus and Halonotius. The results of rarefaction analysis indicated that the analysis of an increasing number of clones would have revealed additional diversity. Surprisingly, no halophilic archaea were not shared between the two approaches. Combining both types of methods was considered the best approach to acquire better information on the characteristics of soil halophilic archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Ikram Hassani
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Biologie, USTHB Université, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria.
| | - Inès Quadri
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Biologie, USTHB Université, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
| | - Archana Yadav
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Sonia Bouchard
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Hocine Hacène
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Biologie, USTHB Université, Bab Ezzouar, Algeria
| | - Christelle Desnues
- Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, France
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Meghwanshi GK, Verma S, Srivastava V, Kumar R. Archaeal lipolytic enzymes: Current developments and further prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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5
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Simultaneous purification and characterization of detergent-stable, solvent-tolerant haloextremozymes protease and lipase from Haloferax sp. strain GUBF 2. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:705. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03286-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Li X, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Gao T, Zhao Y, Liu S, Su Q, Wei C, Yang Y, Long Y. Bacillus cereus (EG-Q3) in the Gut of Ectropis grisescens Contributes to Host Response to Starvation Conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:785415. [PMID: 35479626 PMCID: PMC9037983 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.785415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut bacteria of insects play an important role in their nutrition, maintenance, and ecological adaption. Ectropis grisescens is the most important leaf-feeding pest in tea gardens in China. In order to explore whether E. grisescens adaptation under starvation stress is related to its gut bacteria, we used a culture-independent method to compare the composition and diversity of their gut bacteria under starvation treatment. The results revealed no significant changes in core gut bacteria composition and diversity within 24 h of starvation. However, non-core gut bacterial Bacillus increased significantly under starvation conditions. B. cereus strain EG-Q3 isolated from the gut of E. grisescens in carbon source-selected medium showed the ability to degrade fat bodies from E. grisescens in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the fat-lowering ratio of E. grisescens fed with B. cereus strain EG-Q3 (6.76 ± 1.281%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (3.96 ± 0.801%, t = 4.15, df = 8, p < 0.01) after starvation for 4 h. These findings suggest that non-core gut bacterial B. cereus strain EG-Q3 contributes to host adaptation to starvation. Together, this research provides evidence that E. grisescens may benefit from non-core gut bacteria under starvation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Linlin Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingqing Su
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunqiu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanhua Long
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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7
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Qiu J, Han R, Wang C. Microbial halophilic lipases: A review. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:594-602. [PMID: 34096085 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are commercially significant due to their versatile catalytic function of hydrolysis triacylglycerol. Among these, lipases from extremophiles are optimal for industrial application. Halophilic microorganisms living in a high salinity environment, such as the ocean, salt lakes, salt wells, and so on, produce halophilic lipases. In recent decades, many remarkable achievements have been made related to the properties and application of halophilic lipases. This review offers information collected over the last decades on halophilic lipase sources as well as advances in production, factors influencing activity, stability under various conditions, structural characteristics, progress in industrial applications such as food flavor modification, biodiesel production, and waste treatment, to provide theoretical and methodological references for the research in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Qiu
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Rui Han
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
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8
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Gaonkar SK, Furtado IJ. Valorization of low-cost agro-wastes residues for the maximum production of protease and lipase haloextremozymes by Haloferax lucentensis GUBF-2 MG076078. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Chandra P, Enespa, Singh R, Arora PK. Microbial lipases and their industrial applications: a comprehensive review. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:169. [PMID: 32847584 PMCID: PMC7449042 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01428-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are very versatile enzymes, and produced the attention of the several industrial processes. Lipase can be achieved from several sources, animal, vegetable, and microbiological. The uses of microbial lipase market is estimated to be USD 425.0 Million in 2018 and it is projected to reach USD 590.2 Million by 2023, growing at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2018. Microbial lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) catalyze the hydrolysis of long chain triglycerides. The microbial origins of lipase enzymes are logically dynamic and proficient also have an extensive range of industrial uses with the manufacturing of altered molecules. The unique lipase (triacylglycerol acyl hydrolase) enzymes catalyzed the hydrolysis, esterification and alcoholysis reactions. Immobilization has made the use of microbial lipases accomplish its best performance and hence suitable for several reactions and need to enhance aroma to the immobilization processes. Immobilized enzymes depend on the immobilization technique and the carrier type. The choice of the carrier concerns usually the biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability, and insolubility under reaction conditions, capability of easy rejuvenation and reusability, as well as cost proficiency. Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Alcaligenes spp., Arthrobacter spp., Pseudomonos spp., of bacteria and Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., of fungi are screened large scale for lipase production. Lipases as multipurpose biological catalyst has given a favorable vision in meeting the needs for several industries such as biodiesel, foods and drinks, leather, textile, detergents, pharmaceuticals and medicals. This review represents a discussion on microbial sources of lipases, immobilization methods increased productivity at market profitability and reduce logistical liability on the environment and user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Chandra
- Food Microbiology & Toxicology, Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025 India
| | - Enespa
- Department of Plant Pathology, School for Agriculture, SMPDC, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007 U.P. India
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, School for Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- Department of Microbiology, School for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central) University, Lucknow, U.P. India
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10
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Mesbah NM. Covalent immobilization of a halophilic, alkalithermostable lipase LipR2 on Florisil® nanoparticles for production of alkyl levulinates. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 667:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Isolation and culturing of protease- and lipase-producing Halococcus agarilyticus GUGFAWS-3 from marine Haliclona sp. inhabiting the rocky intertidal region of Anjuna in Goa, India. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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12
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Akmoussi-Toumi S, Khemili-Talbi S, Ferioune I, Kebbouche-Gana S. Purification and characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant and detergent-stable lipase from Haloferax mediterranei CNCMM 50101. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:817-830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Karray F, Ben Abdallah M, Kallel N, Hamza M, Fakhfakh M, Sayadi S. Extracellular hydrolytic enzymes produced by halophilic bacteria and archaea isolated from hypersaline lake. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1297-1309. [PMID: 30062501 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The screening of bacteria and archaea from Chott El Jerid, a hypersaline lake in the south of Tunisia, led to the isolation of 68 extremely halophilic prokaryotes growing in media with 15-25% of salt. Assessment of 68 partial 16S rRNA analyzed by amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) revealed 15 different bacterial and archaeal taxonomic groups. Based on ARDRA results, phenotypic and hydrolytic activity tests, 20 archaeal and 6 bacterial isolates were selected for sequencing. The halophilic isolates were identified as members of the genera: Salicola, Bacillus, Halorubrum, Natrinema and Haloterrigena. Most of these isolates are able to produce hydrolytic enzymes such as amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase and some of them showed combined activities. Natrinema genus is an excellent candidate for lipase production. These results indicated that the extremely halophilic archaea and bacteria from Chott El Jerid are a potential source of hydrolytic enzymes and may possess commercial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Karray
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Manel Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najwa Kallel
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Hamza
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Fakhfakh
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sidi Mansour, km 6, BP 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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Ai L, Huang Y, Wang C. Purification and characterization of halophilic lipase of Chromohalobacter sp. from ancient salt well. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:647-657. [PMID: 29869411 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A halophilic lipase (LipS2) was produced by Chromohalobacter canadensis strain which was isolated from ancient salt well of Zigong, China. LipS2 was purified to homogeneity and showed a single band with molecular mass of 58 kDa by SDS-PAGE. LipS2 preferred middle-to-long acyl chain esters with C14 triglycerides as optimum substrate. It was noteworthy that LipS2 displayed efficient hydrolysis activity to some vegetable oils which were composed of polyunsaturated fatty acid. LipS2 showed high activity in range of 2.5-3.5 M NaCl, no activity without salt. Optimum temperature and pH were 55 °C and pH 8.5, respectively. Notably, the thermostability and pH stability of LipS2, varying with salt concentration, reached optimum in the presence of 3.0 M NaCl. LipS2 was stimulated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ , inhibited by Zn2+ , Cu2+ , Mn2+ , Fe2+ , and Hg2+ . Moreover, LipS2 displayed significant tolerance to organic solvents including methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone, especially, LipS2 activity was enhanced markedly by the hexane and benzene. Non-ionic surfactants increased LipS2 activity, while ionic surfactants decreased activity. This was the first report on halophilic lipase of Chromohalobacter from ancient salt well. The results suggested that LipS2 may have considerable potential for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ai
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yaping Huang
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong City, Sichuan Province, China
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15
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Zhang W, Xu H, Wu Y, Zeng J, Guo Z, Wang L, Shen C, Qiao D, Cao Y. A new cold-adapted, alkali-stable and highly salt-tolerant esterase from Bacillus licheniformis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1183-1193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Memarpoor-Yazdi M, Karbalaei-Heidari HR, Doroodmand MM. Enantioselective hydrolysis of ibuprofen ethyl ester by a thermophilic immobilized lipase, ELT, from Rhodothermus marinus. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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17
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Menasria T, Aguilera M, Hocine H, Benammar L, Ayachi A, Si Bachir A, Dekak A, Monteoliva-Sánchez M. Diversity and bioprospecting of extremely halophilic archaea isolated from Algerian arid and semi-arid wetland ecosystems for halophilic-active hydrolytic enzymes. Microbiol Res 2018; 207:289-298. [PMID: 29458865 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of haloarchaea associated with different dry salt lakes in northeastern Algeria was investigated together with their potential of hydrolytic enzyme production. A total of 68 aerobic halophilic archaea were isolated from saline sediments. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolates were assigned to seven phylotypes within the class Halobacteria, namely Haloarcula, Halococcus, Haloferax, Halogeometricum, Haloterrigena, Natrialba, and Natrinema. The results showed that Haloferax group was found to be dominant in all samples (30 isolates) (44%) with high diversity, followed by Halococcus spp. (13%) (9 isolates). All phylotypes are extreme halophiles and thermotolerant with the ability to grow at temperatures up to 48 °C. In addition, the screening for extracellular halophilic enzymes showed that 89.7% of the isolates were able to produce at least two types of the screened enzymes. The strains producing esterase, gelatinase, inulinase, cellulase and protease activities were the most diverse functional group. These data showed an abundant and diverse haloarchaeal community, detected in Algerian wetland ecosystems, presenting a promising source of molecules with important biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Menasria
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences University of Batna 2, Batna 05078, Algeria; Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, Tebessa 12002, Algeria.
| | - Margarita Aguilera
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Hacene Hocine
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Bp 32, El Alia, 16111 Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Leyla Benammar
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences University of Batna 2, Batna 05078, Algeria
| | - Ammar Ayachi
- Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences Institute, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Batna 1, Batna 05000, Algeria
| | - Abdelkrim Si Bachir
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, Batna 05078, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Dekak
- Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences, University of Tebessa, Tebessa 12002, Algeria
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Amoozegar MA, Siroosi M, Atashgahi S, Smidt H, Ventosa A. Systematics of haloarchaea and biotechnological potential of their hydrolytic enzymes. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:623-645. [PMID: 28548036 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic archaea, also referred to as haloarchaea, dominate hypersaline environments. To survive under such extreme conditions, haloarchaea and their enzymes have evolved to function optimally in environments with high salt concentrations and, sometimes, with extreme pH and temperatures. These features make haloarchaea attractive sources of a wide variety of biotechnological products, such as hydrolytic enzymes, with numerous potential applications in biotechnology. The unique trait of haloarchaeal enzymes, haloenzymes, to sustain activity under hypersaline conditions has extended the range of already-available biocatalysts and industrial processes in which high salt concentrations inhibit the activity of regular enzymes. In addition to their halostable properties, haloenzymes can also withstand other conditions such as extreme pH and temperature. In spite of these benefits, the industrial potential of these natural catalysts remains largely unexplored, with only a few characterized extracellular hydrolases. Because of the applied impact of haloarchaea and their specific ability to live in the presence of high salt concentrations, studies on their systematics have intensified in recent years, identifying many new genera and species. This review summarizes the current status of the haloarchaeal genera and species, and discusses the properties of haloenzymes and their potential industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Siroosi
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Atashgahi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Ventosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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19
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Memarpoor-Yazdi M, Karbalaei-Heidari HR, Khajeh K. Production of the renewable extremophile lipase: Valuable biocatalyst with potential usage in food industry. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Halophiles: Pharmaceutical Potential and Biotechnological Applications. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b19347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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21
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Characterization and antimicrobial potential of extremely halophilic archaea isolated from hypersaline environments of the Algerian Sahara. Microbiol Res 2016; 186-187:119-31. [PMID: 27242149 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Halophilic archaea were isolated from different chotts and sebkha, dry salt lakes and salt flat respectively, of the Algerian Sahara and characterized using phenotypic and phylogenetic approaches. From 102 extremely halophilic strains isolated, forty three were selected and studied. These strains were also screened for their antagonistic potential and the production of hydrolytic enzymes. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes and phylogenetic analysis allowed the identification of 10 archaeal genera within the class Halobacteria: Natrinema (13 strains), Natrialba (12 strains), Haloarcula (4 strains), Halopiger (4 strains), Haloterrigena (3 strains), Halorubrum (2 strains), Halostagnicola (2 strains), Natronococcus, Halogeometricum and Haloferax (1 strain each). The most common producers of antimicrobial compounds belong to the genus Natrinema while the most hydrolytic isolates, with combined production of several enzymes, belong to the genus Natrialba. The strain affiliated to Halopiger djelfamassilliensis was found to produce some substances of interest (halocins, anti-Candida, enzymes). After partial purification and characterization of one of the strains Natrinema gari QI1, we found similarities between the antimicrobial compound and the halocin C8. Therefore, the gene encoding halocin C8 was amplified and sequenced.
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22
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Solid-state fermentation as a potential technique for esterase/lipase production by halophilic archaea. Extremophiles 2015; 19:1121-32. [PMID: 26369647 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic archaea are extremophiles, adapted to high-salt environments, showing a big biotechnological potential as enzyme, lipids and pigments producers. Four inert supports (perlite, vermiculite, polyurethane foam and glass fiber) were employed for solid-state fermentation (SSF) of the halophilic archaeon Natronococcus sp. TC6 to investigate biomass and esterase production. A very low esterase activity and high water activity were observed when perlite, vermiculite and polyurethane were used as supports. When glass fiber was employed, an important moisture loss was observed (8.6%). Moreover, moisture retention was improved by mixing polyurethane and glass fiber, resulting in maximal biomass and esterase production. Three halophilic archaea: Natronococcus sp. TC6, Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 and Haloarcula marismortui were cultured by submerged fermentation (SmF) and by SSF; an improvement of 1.3- to 6.2-fold was observed in the biomass and esterase production when SSF was used. Growth was not homogeneous in the mixture, but was predominant in the glass fiber thus was probably because the glass fiber provides a holder to the cells, while the polyurethane acts as an impregnation medium reservoir. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first report on haloarchaea cultivation by SSF aiming biomass and esterase/lipase activity production.
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23
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Esakkiraj P, Prabakaran G, Maruthiah T, Immanuel G, Palavesam A. Purification and Characterization of Halophilic Alkaline Lipase from Halobacillus sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-014-0437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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24
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Screening for genes coding for putative antitumor compounds, antimicrobial and enzymatic activities from haloalkalitolerant and haloalkaliphilic bacteria strains of Algerian Sahara Soils. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:317524. [PMID: 24977147 PMCID: PMC4058248 DOI: 10.1155/2014/317524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme environments may often contain unusual bacterial groups whose physiology is distinct from those of normal environments. To satisfy the need for new bioactive pharmaceuticals compounds and enzymes, we report here the isolation of novel bacteria from an extreme environment. Thirteen selected haloalkalitolerant and haloalkaliphilic bacteria were isolated from Algerian Sahara Desert soils. These isolates were screened for the presence of genes coding for putative antitumor compounds using PCR based methods. Enzymatic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities were determined by using cultural dependant methods. Several of these isolates are typical of desert and alkaline saline soils, but, in addition, we report for the first time the presence of a potential new member of the genus Nocardia with particular activity against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition to their haloalkali character, the presence of genes coding for putative antitumor compounds, combined with the antimicrobial activity against a broad range of indicator strains and their enzymatic potential, makes them suitable for biotechnology applications.
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25
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Characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Haloarcula sp. G41 and its application for biodiesel production. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2014; 59:455-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-014-0320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Identification of organic solvent-tolerant lipases from organic solvent-sensitive microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Biotechnological applications of halophilic lipases and thioesterases. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1011-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Li X, Qian P, Wu SG, Yu HY. Characterization of an organic solvent-tolerant lipase from Idiomarina sp. W33 and its application for biodiesel production using Jatropha oil. Extremophiles 2013; 18:171-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-013-0610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Corrêa T, Zubieta M, Teixeira J, de Queiroz M, de Araújo E. Carboxyl ester hydrolase from Penicillium expansum
: cloning, characterization and overproduction by Penicillium griseoroseum. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:114-24. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T.L.R. Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - M.P. Zubieta
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - J.A. Teixeira
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - M.V. de Queiroz
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
| | - E.F. de Araújo
- Department of Microbiology/BIOAGRO; Federal University of Viçosa (Universidade Federal de Viçosa); Viçosa MG Brazil
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30
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Daoud L, Kamoun J, Ali MB, Jallouli R, Bradai R, Mechichi T, Gargouri Y, Ali YB, Aloulou A. Purification and biochemical characterization of a halotolerant Staphylococcus sp. extracellular lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 57:232-7. [PMID: 23500438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated a lipolytic halotolerant bacterium, designated as CJ3, that was identified as a Staphylococcus sp. Culture conditions were optimized and the highest extracellular lipase production amounting to 5 U/ml was achieved after 24 h of cultivation. The extracellular lipase was purified 24-fold by ammonium sulfate precipitation and a Sephacryl S-200 chromatography, and its molecular mass was found to be around 38 kDa, as revealed by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. The lipase substrate specificity was investigated using short (tributyrin) and long (olive oil) chain triglyceride substrates. The lipase was inhibited by submicellar concentrations of Triton X-100, and maximum specific activities were found to be 802 U/mg on tributyrin and 260 U/mg on olive oil at pH 8.0 and 45 °C. The lipase was fairly stable in the pH range from 6.0 to 9.0, and about 69% of its activity was retained after incubation at 45 °C for 60 min. The enzyme showed a high tolerance to a wide range of salt concentration and a good stability in organic solvents, especially in long-chain alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Daoud
- University of Sfax, ENIS - Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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31
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Delgado-García M, Valdivia-Urdiales B, Aguilar-González CN, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Rodríguez-Herrera R. Halophilic hydrolases as a new tool for the biotechnological industries. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2575-2580. [PMID: 22926924 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Halophilic micro-organisms are able to survive in high salt concentrations because they have developed diverse biochemical, structural and physiological modifications, allowing the catalytic synthesis of proteins with interesting physicochemical and structural properties. The main characteristic of halophilic enzymes that allows them to be considered as a novel alternative for use in the biotechnological industries is their polyextremophilicity, i.e. they have the capacity to be thermostable, tolerate a wide range of pH, withstand denaturation and tolerate high salt concentrations. However, there have been relatively few studies on halophilic enzymes, with some being based on their isolation and others on their characterisation. These enzymes are scarcely researched because attention has been focused on other extremophile micro-organisms. Only a few industrial applications of halophilic enzymes, principally in the fermented food, textile, pharmaceutical and leather industries, have been reported. However, it is important to investigate applications of these enzymes in more biotechnological processes at both the chemical and the molecular level. This review discusses the modifications of these enzymes, their industrial applications and research perspectives in different biotechnological areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Delgado-García
- Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
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32
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Ozcan B, Ozyilmaz G, Cihan A, Cokmus C, Caliskan M. Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of lipolytic activity of halophilic archaeal isolates. Microbiology (Reading) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261712020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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33
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Potential for industrial products from the halophilic Archaea. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 38:1635-47. [PMID: 21853327 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-1021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The halophilic Archaea are a group of microorganisms that have not been extensively considered for biotechnological applications. This review describes some of the enzymes and products and the potential applications of this unique group of microorganisms to various industrial processes. Specifically, the characteristics of the glycosyl hydrolases, lipases and esterases, proteases, biopolymers and surfactants, as well as some miscellaneous other activities will be described.
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34
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Korcan SE, Mutlu MB, Ciğerci IH, Güven K, Konuk M, Kutlu HM. delta-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase of Haloarcula argentinensis isolated from Tuz Lake in Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 169:229-236. [PMID: 19757112 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) enzyme of a novel record for Turkish microbial flora was studied. The isolate I-113 was obtained from Tuz Lake in Turkey and identified as Haloarcula argentinensis. The ALAD enzyme of the isolate was assayed in order to determine its requirements and to be used as biomarker for lead pollution in it's ambient. In enzymic studies, the effects of various metals (Cd, Co, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn), pH (3-11), temperatures (25-55 degrees C), and salinity (15-25%) conditions have been examined. The data obtained from the studies were analyzed statistically by using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, correlation, regression, variance analysis, and significance tests were performed by using SPSS 10.0 for Windows. Although its optimum pH was determined as 7, it was still active at pH 3-11. The optimal temperature for the enzyme was observed to be 30 degrees C. Mn and Pb inhibited its activity significantly (p < 0.05) while Zn increased it slightly. The ALAD enzyme in H. argentinensis could be used as a biomarker for Pb contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elif Korcan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Literature, Afyon Kocatepe University, ANS Campus, Gazligol Yolu, 03200, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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35
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Lv XY, Guo LZ, Song L, Fu Q, Zhao K, Li AX, Luo XL, Lu WD. Purification and characterization of a novel extracellular carboxylesterase from the moderately halophilic bacterium Thalassobacillus sp. strain DF-E4. ANN MICROBIOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-010-0135-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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36
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Tapingkae W, Tanasupawat S, Parkin KL, Benjakul S, Visessanguan W. Degradation of histamine by extremely halophilic archaea isolated from high salt-fermented fishery products. Enzyme Microb Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2009.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Carboxyl ester hydrolases production and growth of a halophilic archaeon, Halobacterium sp. NRC-1. Extremophiles 2009; 14:99-106. [PMID: 19957092 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-009-0291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The capability of Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 to synthesize carboxyl ester hydrolases was investigated, and the effect of physicochemical conditions on the growth rate and production of esterases was evaluated. The haloarchaeon synthesized a carboxyl ester hydrolase, confirming the genomic prediction. This enzymatic activity was intracellularly produced as a growth-associated metabolite. Esterase activity was assayed using different p-nitrophenyl-esters and triacyl-glycerides, which showed a preference for hydrolyzing tributyrin. The archaeal growth rate and esterase production were significantly influenced by the pH and the NaCl concentration. An interaction effect between temperature and NaCl was also seen. The maximal growth rate and esterase production found for Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 were 0.136 h(-1) (at 4.2 M NaCl, pH 6 and 44 degrees C) and 1.64 U/l (at 4.6 M NaCl, pH 6 and 30 degrees C), respectively. Furthermore, the effects of NaCl concentration, pH and temperature on enzyme activity were studied. Two maximal esterase activities were elucidated from the intracellular crude extract when it was incubated at different NaCl concentrations (1 M and 5 M) and at different pHs (6 and 7.5). This is the first report that shows experimentally the synthesis of carboxyl ester hydrolases by Halobacterium sp. NRC-1. This enzyme was found to be extremely halophilic (5 M NaCl) and thermophilic (80 degrees C), making it very interesting for future investigations in non-aqueous biocatalysis.
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38
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Gutarra MLE, Godoy MG, Maugeri F, Rodrigues MI, Freire DMG, Castilho LR. Production of an acidic and thermostable lipase of the mesophilic fungus Penicillium simplicissimum by solid-state fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:5249-5254. [PMID: 19560339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The production of a lipase by a wild-type Brazilian strain of Penicillium simplicissimum in solid-state fermentation of babassu cake, an abundant residue of the oil industry, was studied. The enzyme production reached about 90 U/g in 72 h, with a specific activity of 4.5 U/mg of total proteins. The crude lipase showed high activities at 35-60 degrees C and pH 4.0-6.0, with a maximum activity at 50 degrees C and pH 4.0-5.0. Enzyme stability was enhanced at pH 5.0 and 6.0, with a maximum half-life of 5.02 h at 50 degrees C and pH 5.0. Thus, this lipase shows a thermophilic and thermostable behavior, what is not common among lipases from mesophilic filamentous fungi. The crude enzyme catalysed the hydrolysis of triglycerides and p-nitrophenyl esters (C4:0-C18:0), preferably acting on substrates with medium-chain fatty acids. This non-purified lipase in addition to interesting properties showed a reduced production cost making feasible its applicability in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L E Gutarra
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, IQ, Departamento de Bioquímica, Brazil
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39
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Rao L, Zhao X, Pan F, Li Y, Xue Y, Ma Y, Lu JR. Solution behavior and activity of a halophilic esterase under high salt concentration. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6980. [PMID: 19759821 PMCID: PMC2736375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Halophiles are extremophiles that thrive in environments with very high concentrations of salt. Although the salt reliance and physiology of these extremophiles have been widely investigated, the molecular working mechanisms of their enzymes under salty conditions have been little explored. Methodology/Principal Findings A halophilic esterolytic enzyme LipC derived from archeaon Haloarcula marismortui was overexpressed from Escherichia coli BL21. The purified enzyme showed a range of hydrolytic activity towards the substrates of p-nitrophenyl esters with different alkyl chains (n = 2−16), with the highest activity being observed for p-nitrophenyl acetate, consistent with the basic character of an esterase. The optimal esterase activities were found to be at pH 9.5 and [NaCl] = 3.4 M or [KCl] = 3.0 M and at around 45°C. Interestingly, the hydrolysis activity showed a clear reversibility against changes in salt concentration. At the ambient temperature of 22°C, enzyme systems working under the optimal salt concentrations were very stable against time. Increase in temperature increased the activity but reduced its stability. Circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) were deployed to determine the physical states of LipC in solution. As the salt concentration increased, DLS revealed substantial increase in aggregate sizes, but CD measurements revealed the maximal retention of the α-helical structure at the salt concentration matching the optimal activity. These observations were supported by SANS analysis that revealed the highest proportion of unimers and dimers around the optimal salt concentration, although the coexistent larger aggregates showed a trend of increasing size with salt concentration, consistent with the DLS data. Conclusions/Significance The solution α-helical structure and activity relation also matched the highest proportion of enzyme unimers and dimers. Given that all the solutions studied were structurally inhomogeneous, it is important for future work to understand how the LipC's solution aggregation affected its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Rao
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiubo Zhao
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Fang Pan
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yin Li
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfen Xue
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (YM); (JRL)
| | - Jian R. Lu
- Biological Physics Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (YM); (JRL)
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40
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Müller-Santos M, de Souza EM, Pedrosa FDO, Mitchell DA, Longhi S, Carrière F, Canaan S, Krieger N. First evidence for the salt-dependent folding and activity of an esterase from the halophilic archaea Haloarcula marismortui. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:719-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Esakkiraj P, Austin Jeba Dhas G, Palavesam A, Immanuel G. Media preparation using tuna-processing wastes for improved lipase production by shrimp gut isolate Staphylococcus epidermidis CMST Pi 2. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2009; 160:1254-65. [PMID: 19430738 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-009-8632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular lipase production by Staphylococcus epidermidis CMST Pi 2 isolated from the intestine of shrimp Penaeus indicus has been investigated in shake-flask experiment using different preparations of tuna-processing waste such as raw fish meat, defatted fish meat, alkali hydrolysate, and acid hydrolysate as nitrogen source. Among the tested tuna preparations, defatted fish meat supported the maximum lipase production, and 2.5% concentration of the same was found to be optimum for maximizing the lipase production. The effect of carbon sources on lipase production revealed that glucose aided the higher lipase production than any other tested carbon source and a concentration of 2% glucose registered as optimum to enhance the lipase production. The halotolerancy of S. epidermidis CMST Pi 2 for lipase production indicated that 4% of sodium chloride was optimum to yield maximum lipase. Among the surfactants tested, lipase production was high in Tween 20 added medium when compared to other surfactants, and its optimum concentration recorded was 0.8%. Partial characterization of crude enzyme revealed that pH 7 and 55 degrees C temperature were optimum for maximum lipase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Esakkiraj
- Fish Nutritional Biochemistry and Physiology Laboratory, Center for Marine Science and Technology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Rajakkamangalam-629502, Kanyakumari District, Tamilnadu, India
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Production and characterization of esterase and lipase from Haloarcula marismortui. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 36:901-9. [PMID: 19350295 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-009-0568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the capability of Haloarcula marismortui to synthesize esterases and lipases, and the effect of physicochemical conditions on the growth and the production of esterases and lipases. Finally, the effect of NaCl concentration and temperature on esterase and lipase activities was studied using intracellular crude extracts. In order to confirm the genomic prediction about the esterase and lipase synthesis, H. marismortui was cultured on a rich medium and the crude extracts (intra- or extracellular) obtained were assayed for both activities using p-nitrophenyl esters and triacylglycerides as substrates. Studies on the kinetics of growth and production of esterase and lipase of H. marismortui were performed, reaching a maximum growth rate of 0.053 h(-1) and maximal productions of intracellular esterase and lipase of 2.094 and 0.722 U l(-1) using p-nitrophenyl valerate and p-nitrophenyl laurate, respectively. Both enzymes were produced as growth-associated metabolites. The effects of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration on the growth rate and production of enzymes were studied by using a Box-Behnken response surface design. The three response variables were significantly influenced by the physicochemical factors and an interaction effect between temperature and NaCl concentration was also evidenced. The surface response method estimated the following maximal values for growth rate and productions of esterase and lipase: 0.086 h(-1) (at 42.5 degrees C, pH 7.4, and 3.6 mol l(-1) NaCl), 2.3 U l(-1) (at 50 degrees C, pH 7.5, and 4.3 mol l(-1) NaCl), and 0.58 U l(-1) (at 50 degrees C, pH 7.6, and 4.5 mol l(-1) NaCl), respectively. Esterases were active at different salt concentrations, showing two optimal activities (at 0.5 and 5 mol l(-1) NaCl), which suggested the presence of two different esterases. Interestingly, in the absence of salt, esterase retained 50% residual activity. Esterases and lipase activities were maximal at 45 degrees C and inactive at 75 degrees C. This study represents the first report evidencing the synthesis of esterase and lipase by H. marismortui.
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Characterization of extracellular esterase and lipase activities from five halophilic archaeal strains. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 36:105-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-008-0477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Amoozegar MA, Salehghamari E, Khajeh K, Kabiri M, Naddaf S. Production of an extracellular thermohalophilic lipase from a moderately halophilic bacterium, Salinivibrio sp. strain SA-2. J Basic Microbiol 2008; 48:160-7. [PMID: 18506896 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.200700361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fifty strains of moderately halophilic bacteria were isolated from various salty environments in Iran. A strain designated as SA-2 was shown to be the best producer of extracellular lipase and was selected for further studies. Biochemical and physiological characterization along with 16S rDNA sequence analysis placed SA-2 in the genus Salinivibrio. The optimum salt, pH, temperature and aeration for enzyme production were 0.1 M KCl, pH 8, 35 degrees C and 150 rpm, respectively. The enzyme production was synchronized bacterial growth and reached a maximum level during the early-stationary phase in the basal medium containing 1 M NaCl. Triacylglycerols enhanced lipase production, while carbohydrates had inhibitory effects on it. The maximum lipase activity was obtained at pH 7.5, 50 degrees C and CaCl(2) concentration of 0.01 M. The enzyme was stable at pH range of 7.5-8 and retained 90% of its activity at 80 degrees C for 30 min. Different concentrations of NaNO(3), Na(2)SO(4), KCl and NaCl had no affect on lipase stability for 3 h. These results suggest that the lipase secreted by Salinivibrio sp. strain SA-2 is industrially important from the perspective of its tolerance to a broad temperature range, its moderate thermoactivity and its high tolerance to a wide range of salt concentrations (0-3 M NaCl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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