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El-Sayed MH, Gomaa AERF, Atta OM, Hassane AMA. Characteristics and kinetics of thermophilic actinomycetes' amylase production on agro-wastes and its application for ethanol fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:255. [PMID: 38926189 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Thermophilic actinomycetes are commonly found in extreme environments and can thrive and adapt to extreme conditions. These organisms exhibit substantial variation and garnered significant interest due to their remarkable enzymatic activities. This study evaluated the potential of Streptomyces griseorubens NBR14 and Nocardiopsis synnemataformans NBRM9 strains to produce thermo-stable amylase via submerged fermentation using wheat and bean straw. The Box-Behnken design was utilized to determine the optimum parameters for amylase biosynthesis. Subsequently, amylase underwent partial purification and characterization. Furthermore, the obtained hydrolysate was applied for ethanol fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The optimal parameters for obtaining the highest amylase activity by NBR14 (7.72 U/mL) and NBRM9 (26.54 U/mL) strains were found to be 40 and 30 °C, pH values of 7, incubation time of 7 days, and substrate concentration (3 and 2 g/100 mL), respectively. The NBR14 and NBRM9 amylase were partially purified, resulting in specific activities of 251.15 and 144.84 U/mg, as well as purification factors of 3.91 and 2.69-fold, respectively. After partial purification, the amylase extracted from NBR14 and NBRM9 showed the highest activity level at pH values of 9 and 7 and temperatures of 50 and 60 °C, respectively. The findings also indicated that the maximum velocity (Vmax) for NBR14 and NBRM9 amylase were 57.80 and 59.88 U/mL, respectively, with Km constants of 1.39 and 1.479 mM. After 48 h, bioethanol was produced at concentrations of 5.95 mg/mL and 9.29 mg/mL from hydrolyzed wheat and bean straw, respectively, through fermentation with S. cerevisiae. Thermophilic actinomycetes and their α-amylase yield demonstrated promising potential for sustainable bio-ethanol production from agro-byproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H El-Sayed
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts-Rafha, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Rahman F Gomaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut Branch, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Omar Mohammad Atta
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut Branch, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Abdallah M A Hassane
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut Branch, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
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2
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Abedi E, Kaveh S, Mohammad Bagher Hashemi S. Structure-based modification of a-amylase by conventional and emerging technologies: Comparative study on the secondary structure, activity, thermal stability and amylolysis efficiency. Food Chem 2024; 437:137903. [PMID: 37931423 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
α-Amylase is an endo-enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into shorter oligosaccharides. α-Amylase plays a crucial role in various industries. Manipulated α-amylases are of particular interest due to their remarkable amylolysis efficiency and thermostability for large-scale biotechnological processes. The retained catalytic activity of enzymes is decreased according to extreme pH, temperature, pressure, and chemical reagents. Broad industrial applications of α-amylases need special properties such as stability against temperature, pH, and chelators, and also attain reusability, desirable enzymatic activity, efficiency, and selectivity. Considering the biotechnological importance of α-amylase, its high stability is the most critical challenge for its economic viability. Therefore, improving its functionality and stability recently gained much interest. To achieve this purpose, various emerging technologies in combination with conventional methods on α-Amylases with different sources have been conducted. The present review is an attempt to summarize the effect of various conventional methods and emerging technologies employed to date on α-amylase secondary structure, thermal stability, and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Abedi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shima Kaveh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fasa University, Fasa, Iran.
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3
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Liu Y, Song X, Yang W, Wang M, Lian G, Li ZJ. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by engineered Halomonas bluephagenesis using starch as a carbon source. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129838. [PMID: 38307428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel α-amylase Amy03713 was screened and cloned from the starch utilization strain Vibrio alginolyticus LHF01. When heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, Amy03713 exhibited the highest enzyme activity at 45 °C and pH 7, maintained >50 % of the enzyme activity in the range of 25-75 °C and pH 5-9, and sustained >80 % of the enzyme activity in 25 % (w/v) of NaCl solution, thus showing a wide range of adapted temperatures, pH, and salt concentrations. Halomonas bluephagenesis harboring amy03713 gene was able to directly utilize starch. With optimized amylase expression, H. bluephagenesis could produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB). When cultured for PHB production, recombinant H. bluephagenesis was able to grow up to a cell dry weight of 11.26 g/L, achieving a PHB titer of 6.32 g/L, which is the highest titer that has been reported for PHB production from starch in shake flasks. This study suggests that Amy03713 is an ideal amylase for PHA production using starch as the carbon source in H. bluephagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Weinan Yang
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Jun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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Ashcroft E, Munoz-Munoz J. A review of the principles and biotechnological applications of glycoside hydrolases from extreme environments. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129227. [PMID: 38185295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
It is apparent that Biocatalysts are shaping the future by providing a more sustainable approach to established chemical processes. Industrial processes rely heavily on the use of toxic compounds and high energy or pH reactions, factors that both contributes to the worsening climate crisis. Enzymes found in bacterial systems and other microorganisms, from the glaciers of the Arctic to the sandy deserts of Abu Dhabi, provide key tools and understanding as to how we can progress in the biotechnology sector. These extremophilic bacteria harness the adaptive enzymes capable of withstanding harsh reaction conditions in terms of stability and reactivity. Carbohydrate-active enzymes, including glycoside hydrolases or carbohydrate esterases, are extremely beneficial for the presence and future of biocatalysis. Their involvement in the industry spans from laundry detergents to paper and pulp treatment by degrading oligo/polysaccharides into their monomeric products in almost all detrimental environments. This includes exceedingly high temperatures, pHs or even in the absence of water. In this review, we discuss the structure and function of different glycoside hydrolases from extremophiles, and how they can be applied to industrial-scale reactions to replace the use of harsh chemicals, reduce waste, or decrease energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Ashcroft
- Microbial Enzymology Lab, Department of Applied Sciences, Ellison Building A, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
| | - Jose Munoz-Munoz
- Microbial Enzymology Lab, Department of Applied Sciences, Ellison Building A, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom.
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5
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Ghattavi S, Homaei A. Marine enzymes: Classification and application in various industries. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123136. [PMID: 36621739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oceans are regarded as a plentiful and sustainable source of biological compounds. Enzymes are a group of marine biomaterials that have recently drawn more attention because they are produced in harsh environmental conditions such as high salinity, extensive pH, a wide temperature range, and high pressure. Hence, marine-derived enzymes are capable of exhibiting remarkable properties due to their unique composition. In this review, we overviewed and discussed characteristics of marine enzymes as well as the sources of marine enzymes, ranging from primitive organisms to vertebrates, and presented the importance, advantages, and challenges of using marine enzymes with a summary of their applications in a variety of industries. Current biotechnological advancements need the study of novel marine enzymes that could be applied in a variety of ways. Resources of marine enzyme can benefit greatly for biotechnological applications duo to their biocompatible, ecofriendly and high effectiveness. It is beneficial to use the unique characteristics offered by marine enzymes to either develop new processes and products or improve existing ones. As a result, marine-derived enzymes have promising potential and are an excellent candidate for a variety of biotechnology applications and a future rise in the use of marine enzymes is to be anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghattavi
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
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Lopez MF, Martínez FL, Rajal VB, Irazusta VP. Biotechnological potential of microorganisms isolated from the salar del hombre muerto, Argentina. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20211199. [PMID: 36790270 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320211199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial strains were isolated from soil and aqueous solution samples from the Salar del Hombre Muerto, Argentina. A total of 141 strains were characterized and the tolerance to sodium chloride was evaluated. We performed a screening to search for molecules of biotechnological interest: carotenoids (11%), emulsifiers (95%), and exopolysaccharides (6%), and to assess the production of enzymes, including proteolytic (39%), lipolytic (26%), hemolytic (50%), and catalase activities (99%); 25 bacterial strains were selected for further studies. Some of them produced biofilms, but only Bacillus sp. HA120b showed that ability in all the conditions assayed. Although 21 strains were able to form emulsions, the emulsifying index Kocuria sp. M9 and Bacillus sp. V3a cultures were greater than 50% and, emulsions were more stable when the bacteria grew in higher salt concentrations. Only pigmented Kocuria sp. M9 showed lipolytic activity on olive oil medium and was able to produce biofilms when cultured without and with 4 M of NaCl. Yellow pigments, lipase activity, and biosurfactant production were observed for Micrococcus sp. SX120. Summarizing, we found that the selected bacteria produced highly interesting molecules with diverse industrial applications and, many of them are functional in the presence of high salt concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Florencia Lopez
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, 4400, Argentina.,Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, 4400, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Lilian Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, 4400, Argentina
| | - Verónica Beatriz Rajal
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, 4400, Argentina.,Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, 4400, Argentina.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
| | - Verónica Patricia Irazusta
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, 4400, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSa), Salta, 4400, Argentina
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Halophilic and Halotolerant Actinomycetes of Sambhar Salt Lake, India: Screening and Optimization of Cellulolytic Activity. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes are Gram-positive filamentous bacteria well known for the production of bioactive compounds. Recently, many halophilic habitats have been explored for isolation of actinomycetes that exhibit biotechnological potentials. In this investigation, a saline habitat of Rajasthan, Sambhar Salt Lake (SSL) was selected to study the actinomycetes population and Carboxy Methyl Cellulase (CMCase) production by native isolates. A total of sixteen actinomycete isolates, halotolerant and moderately halophilic, were obtained using culture-dependent methods and characterized morphologically and biochemically. They were identified as members of Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis, Pseudonocardia, Saccharospolyspora, and Microbispora. Streptomyces was the most dominating genus, followed by Nocardiopsis. Agar plate assay was used for screening the isolates for CMCase production. Thirteen were found to produce the enzyme, apparent by hydrolysis observed on media plates. The highest relative activity of 22.04 was shown by isolate SSL 14 identified as Nocardiopsis sp. by 16S rDNA sequencing studies and thus selected for further optimization studies. Maximum enzyme (1.08 ± 0.09 U/ml) was produced using medium containing Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (Carbon source) and yeast extract (nitrogen source) at 12% NaCl and pH 9.0, incubated at 30 °C for 96 h. Maximum CMCase production at high salt concentration and pH suggests that Nocardiopsis SSL 14 can be used for industrial processes that operate under excessive saline and alkaline conditions.
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Sarkar G, Suthindhiran K. Diversity and Biotechnological Potential of Marine Actinomycetes from India. Indian J Microbiol 2022; 62:475-493. [PMID: 35601673 PMCID: PMC9107781 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-022-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes are potential antibiotic producers that have been isolated from various terrestrial ecosystems and are exploited for their bioactive compounds. On the contrary, the marine environments were less explored and the research on marine actinomycetes had gained momentum only for the past three decades. Marine actinomycetes are one of the most significant producers of diverse groups of secondary metabolites and provide a huge scope for pharmaceutical and other industries. These organisms are proved to be important, both biotechnologically and economically considering their global presence. The marine ecosystem in India is less explored for the isolation of actinomycetes and several ecological niches are left unattended. Compared to the global scenario, the contribution from Indian researchers towards the isolation and exploitation of marine actinomycetes from the Indian sub-continent is noteworthy. Exploration of actinomycetes from these ecosystems will certainly yield new species and metabolites. Considering the declining rate of drug discovery from terrestrial actinomycetes, the marine counterparts, especially from unexplored regions from the Indian coast will hold a promising way ahead. Apart from drugs, these organisms are reported for the production of different industrially important enzymes like cellulase, amylase, protease, lipase, etc. They are also used in environmental applications, agriculture, and aquacultures sectors. With the rapid advancement in the study of actinomycetes from different marine sources in India, new metabolites are being discovered which have an important role from the economic and industrial point of view. As the world is witnessing newer diseases such as Sars-Cov 2 and the pandemic due to its demands drugs and other metabolites are increasing day by day. Therefore, the necessity for the quest for unique and rare marine actinomycetes is enhancing too. This review highlights the research on marine actinomycetes in India and also the challenges associated with its research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Sarkar
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
| | - K. Suthindhiran
- Marine Biotechnology and Bioproducts Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014 India
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Antibiofilm Potential of Alpha-Amylase from a Marine Bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:7480382. [PMID: 35462682 PMCID: PMC9033359 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7480382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a big menace to industries and the environment and also in the health sector, accumulation of which is a major challenge. Despite intensive efforts to curb this issue, a definitive solution is yet to be achieved. Enzyme-templated disruption of the extracellular matrix of biofilm and its control and elimination are emerging as an efficient and greener strategy. The study describes the antibiofilm potential of alpha-amylase from the marine microorganism Pantoea agglomerans PCI05, against food-borne pathogens. Amylase exhibited stability in a wide pH range and retained 50% of its activity at temperatures as high as 100°C. Thermal analysis of the enzyme produced showed thermal stability, up to 130°C. From these findings, it can be envisaged that the alpha-amylase produced from P. agglomerans can be used for starch liquefaction; it was also evaluated for antibiofilm activity. Amylase from this marine bacterium was found to efficiently disrupt the preformed biofilms of food-borne pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Serratia marcescens, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica enterica serotype Typhi based on the value of biofilm inhibitory concentrations.
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Ousaadi MI, Merouane F, Berkani M, Almomani F, Vasseghian Y, Kitouni M. Valorization and optimization of agro-industrial orange waste for the production of enzyme by halophilic Streptomyces sp. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111494. [PMID: 34171373 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study underlines the biotechnical valorization of the accumulated and unusable remains of agro-industrial orange fruit peel waste to produce α-amylase under submerged conditions by Streptomyces sp. KP314280 (20r). The response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD) and artificial neural network coupled with a genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) were used to model and optimize the conditions for the α-amylase production. Four independent variables were evaluated for α-amylase activity including substrate concentration, inoculum size, sodium chloride powder (NaCl), and pH. A ten-fold cross-validation indicated that the ANN has a greater ability than the RSM to predict the α-amylase activity (R2ANN = 0.884 and R2RSM = 0.725). The analysis of variance indicated that the aforementioned four factors significantly affected the α-amylase activity. Additionally, the α-amylase production experiments were conducted according to the optimal conditions generated by the GA. The results indicated that the amylase yield increased by 4-fold. Moreover, the α-amylase production (12.19 U/mL) in the optimized medium was compatible with the predicted conditions outlined by the ANN-GA model (12.62 U/mL). As such, the ANN and GA combination is optimizable for α-amylase production and exhibits an accurate prediction which provides an alternative to other biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Imene Ousaadi
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Fateh Merouane
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Berkani
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Biotechnologie, Ville Universitaire Ali Mendjeli, BP E66 25100, Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Fares Almomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P. O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Yasser Vasseghian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Kitouni
- Laboratoire de Génie Microbiologie et Applications, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Route Ain El Bey, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
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Saleh F, Hussain A, Younis T, Ali S, Rashid M, Ali A, Mustafa G, Jabeen F, Al-Surhanee AA, Alnoman MM, Qamer S. Comparative growth potential of thermophilic amylolytic Bacillus sp. on unconventional media food wastes and its industrial application. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3499-3504. [PMID: 33304161 PMCID: PMC7715428 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylases take part with vital role in industries such as food, fermentation; starch processing, textile and paper etc. Increasing amylases demand, high nutrient expenditure and environmental pollution have forced to utilize agro-industrial residues as a low-cost feedstock for enzyme production. In present study, three soil samples were collected from agro-industrial waste dumping areas in District Faisalabad. Ten thermophilic bacterial isolates were separated at 55 °C on the basis of colonial morphology, three isolates (F6, F11, F17) showed prominent zone of clearance applying iodine test on starch agar plates. Bacterial isolate F-11 showed highest amylase activity with DNS method and molecularly identified through 16S RNA sequencing as Bacillus sp. with Accession number MH917294. Four unconventional food wastes (banana, lemon, mango and potato) pretreated with 0.8% sulphuric acid concentrations taking 1000 g/L weight released the highest sugars contents and phenolic components. Maximum amylase activity i.e. 29.23 mg/ml was achieved in mango waste at, 40 °C, with pH 6.0 and 0.17% nitrogenous source adding 8% inoculum size (2 days old) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for optimization. Crude amylase confirmed its efficiency in starch hydrolysis that suggested it as potential candidate for application in starch industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Saleh
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hussain
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Younis
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Ali
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid
- Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ghullam Mustafa
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameena A Al-Surhanee
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam M Alnoman
- Biology Department Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samina Qamer
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Lakshmi SA, Shafreen RB, Balaji K, Ibrahim KS, Shiburaj S, Gayathri V, Pandian SK. Cloning, expression, homology modelling and molecular dynamics simulation of four domain-containing α-amylase from Streptomyces griseus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2152-2163. [PMID: 32193988 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1745282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, α-amylase from Streptomyces griseus TBG19NRA1 was amplified, cloned and successfully expressed in E. coli BL21/DE3. Sequence analysis of S. griseus α-amylase (SGAmy) revealed the presence of four domains (A, B, C and E). Alpha-amylases with E domain (also known as carbohydrate binding module 20 (CBM20)) are capable of degrading raw starch and this property holds great potential for application in starch processing industries. Though α-amylase is a well-studied and characterized enzyme, there is no experimental structure available for this four domain-containing α-amylases. To gain more insight about SGAmy structure and function, homology modelling was performed using a multi-template method. The template α-amylase from Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis (PDB ID 1AQH) and E domain of Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Bacillus circulans (PDB ID 1CGY) was found to have significant similarity with the complete target sequence of SGAmy. Therefore, homology model for SGAmy was generated from the crystal structure of 1AQH and 1CGY and the resulting structure was subjected to 10 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Remarkably, CBM20 domain of SGAmy showed greater flexibility in MD simulation than other three domains. This observation is highly rational as this part of SGAmy is strongly implicated in substrate (raw starch) binding. Thus, conformational plasticity at CBM20 is functionally beneficial.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kannan Balaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalibulla Syed Ibrahim
- PG and Research Department of Botany, PSG College of Arts & Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sugathan Shiburaj
- Division of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Valsala Gayathri
- Division of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Palode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Zhou J, Yin L, Wu C, Wu S, Lu J, Fang H, Qian Y. Screening of an Alkaline CMCase-Producing Strain and the Optimization of its Fermentation Condition. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:1304-1315. [PMID: 31995003 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200129123818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alkaline Carboxymethyl Cellulase (CMCase) is an attractive enzyme for the textile, laundry, pulp, and paper industries; however, commercial preparations with sufficient activity at alkaline conditions are scarce. METHODS High CMCase-producing bacterial isolate, SX9-4, was screened out from soil bacteria, which was identified as Flavobacterium sp. on the basis of 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS The optimum pH and temperature for CMCase reaction were 8.0 and 55°C, respectively. Alkaline CMCase was stable over wide pH (3.0-10.6) and temperature (25-55°C) ranges. Enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by the bivalent cations Mn2+ and Cu2+, and was activated by Fe2+. To improve the alkaline CMCase production of SX9-4, fermentation parameters were selected through onefactor- at-a-time and further carried out by response surface methodologies based on a central composite design. CONCLUSION High CMCase production (57.18 U/mL) was achieved under the optimal conditions: 10.53 g/L carboxymethylcellulose sodium, 7.74 g/L glucose, 13.71 g/L peptone, and 5.27 g/L ammonium oxalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Zhou
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Chenbin Wu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jidong Lu
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Hailing Fang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yongchang Qian
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Liu C, Baffoe DK, Zhan Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Zhang G. Halophile, an essential platform for bioproduction. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 166:105704. [PMID: 31494180 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology aims to compete as a stronger alternative ensuring environmental friendly microbial-based production that seeks to curb the predicament of pollution. However, the high cost of bioprocessing is a severe drawback, and therefore, new approaches must be developed to overcome this challenge. Halophiles have shown potentials of overcoming this challenge and are of much preference for unsterile and continuous contamination-free bioprocess due to their unique ability to grow under harsh environmental conditions. Recent advances in genetic manipulations have been established to better the performance of halophiles for industrial applications. Many researchers produced various products such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), ectoines, biosurfactants, and antioxidants using halophiles, and further efforts have been established to develop halophiles as the foundation for low-cost bioprocess. This paper provides a useful reference for researchers on the merits, drawbacks, achievements, and application of halophiles for bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Dennis Kingsley Baffoe
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yuanlong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yahui Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Guocai Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
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Amoozegar MA, Safarpour A, Noghabi KA, Bakhtiary T, Ventosa A. Halophiles and Their Vast Potential in Biofuel Production. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1895. [PMID: 31507545 PMCID: PMC6714587 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming and the limitations of using fossil fuels are a main concern of all societies, and thus, the development of alternative fuel sources is crucial to improving the current global energy situation. Biofuels are known as the best alternatives of unrenewable fuels and justify increasing extensive research to develop new and less expensive methods for their production. The most frequent biofuels are bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, and biogas. The production of these biofuels is the result of microbial activity on organic substrates like sugars, starch, oil crops, non-food biomasses, and agricultural and animal wastes. Several industrial production processes are carried out in the presence of high concentrations of NaCl and therefore, researchers have focused on halophiles for biofuel production. In this review, we focus on the role of halophilic microorganisms and their current utilization in the production of all types of biofuels. Also, the outstanding potential of them and their hydrolytic enzymes in the hydrolysis of different kind of biomasses and the production of biofuels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Safarpour
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Akbari Noghabi
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tala Bakhtiary
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antonio Ventosa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Kannan TR, Kanagaraj C. Molecular characteristic of α-AMYLASE enzymes producing from Bacillus lichenformis (JQ946317) using solid state fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel α-Amylase from Antarctic Sea Ice Bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. M175 and Its Primary Application in Detergent. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3258383. [PMID: 30050926 PMCID: PMC6040283 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3258383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel cold-adapted and salt-tolerant α-amylase gene (amy175) from Antarctic sea ice bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. M175 was successfully cloned and expressed. The open reading frame (ORF) of amy175 had 1722 bp encoding a protein of 573 amino acids residues. Multiple alignments indicated Amy175 had seven highly conserved sequences and the putative catalytic triad (Asp244, Glu286, and Asp372). It was the first identified member of GH13_36 subfamily which contained QPDLN in the CSR V. The recombinant enzyme (Amy175) was purified to homogeneity with a molecular mass of about 62 kDa on SDS-PAGE. It had a mixed enzyme specificity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Amy175 displayed highest activity at pH 8.0 and 25°C and exhibited extreme salt-resistance with the maximum activity at 1 M NaCl. Amy175 was strongly stimulated by Mg2+, Ni2+, K+, 1 mM Ca2+, 1 mM Ba2+, 1 mM Pb2+, 1 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) but was significantly inhibited by Cu2+, Mn2+, Hg2+, 10 mM β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME), and 10% Tween 80. Amy175 demonstrated excellent resistance towards all the tested commercial detergents, and wash performance analysis displayed that the addition of Amy175 improved the stain removal efficiency. This study demonstrated that Amy175 would be proposed as a novel α-amylase source for industrial application in the future.
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18
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Du R, Song Q, Zhang Q, Zhao F, Kim RC, Zhou Z, Han Y. Purification and characterization of novel thermostable and Ca-independent α-amylase produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BH072. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1151-1156. [PMID: 29729336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel α-amylase produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BH072 was purified and characterized. The molecular weight of purified α-amylase was approximately 68 kDa, determined by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and ten amino acid of N-terminal was NSGLNGYLTH. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax were 4.27 ± 0.21 mg/mL and 987.34 ± 23.34 U/mg, respectively. Purified α-amylase showed maximal activity at pH 7 and 60 °C. Enzyme remained stable in pH range 6.0-7.0 and 50-80 °C. The activity of the α-amylase was Ca2+ independent and stability in the presence of surfactant, oxidizing and bleaching agents. The β-mercaptoethanol and EDTA greatly enhanced and reduced α-amylase activity, respectively. This enzyme has high hydrolysis rate toward corn, wheat and potato starch and hydrolyzes soluble starch to glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose, indicating that the α-amylase represents a promising candidate for applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renpeng Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Qiaozhi Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Qiaoge Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Fangkun Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Rak-Chon Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Han Dok Su Pyongyang University of Light Industry, Pyongyang 999093, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Zhijiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ye Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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19
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Wu S, Lu M, Fang Y, Wu L, Xu Y, Wang S. Degradation of Potato Starch and the Antioxidant Activity of the Hydrolysates. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute; Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005 China
- School of Marine Science and Technology; Huaihai Institute of Technology; 59 Cangwu Road Xinpu 222005 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Mingsheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute; Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005 China
- School of Marine Science and Technology; Huaihai Institute of Technology; 59 Cangwu Road Xinpu 222005 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Yaowei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute; Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005 China
- School of Marine Science and Technology; Huaihai Institute of Technology; 59 Cangwu Road Xinpu 222005 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
| | - Leilei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute; Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005 China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute; Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005 China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute; Lianyungang Jiangsu 222005 China
- School of Marine Science and Technology; Huaihai Institute of Technology; 59 Cangwu Road Xinpu 222005 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening; Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology; Lianyungang 222005 China
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20
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Marine microbes as a valuable resource for brand new industrial biocatalysts. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Amylase Production from Thermophilic Bacillus sp. BCC 021-50 Isolated from a Marine Environment. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation3020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Ong M, Ongkudon CM, Wong CMVL. Development of a semidefined growth medium for Pedobacter cryoconitis BG5 using statistical experimental design. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 46:657-65. [PMID: 26759918 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1135447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pedobacter cryoconitis BG5 are psychrophiles isolated from the cold environment and capable of proliferating and growing well at low temperature regime. Their cellular products have found a broad spectrum of applications, including in food, medicine, and bioremediation. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a high-cell density cultivation strategy coupled with optimized growth medium for P. cryoconitis BG5. To date, there has been no published report on the design and optimization of growth medium for P. cryoconitis, hence the objective of this research project. A preliminary screening of four commercially available media, namely tryptic soy broth, R2A, Luria Bertani broth, and nutrient broth, was conducted to formulate the basal medium. Based on the preliminary screening, tryptone, glucose, NaCl, and K2HPO4 along with three additional nutrients (yeast extract, MgSO4, and NH4Cl) were identified to form the basal medium which was further analyzed by Plackett-Burman experimental design. Central composite experimental design using response surface methodology was adopted to optimize tryptone, yeast extract, and NH4Cl concentrations in the formulated growth medium. Statistical data analysis showed a high regression factor of 0.84 with a predicted optimum optical (600 nm) cell density of 7.5 using 23.7 g/L of tryptone, 8.8 g/L of yeast extract, and 0.7 g/L of NH4Cl. The optimized medium for P. cryoconitis BG5 was tested, and the observed optical density was 7.8. The cost-effectiveness of the optimized medium was determined as 6.25 unit prices per gram of cell produced in a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ong
- a Biotechnology Research Institute , Universiti Malaysia Sabah , Kota Kinabalu , Sabah , Malaysia
| | - Clarence M Ongkudon
- a Biotechnology Research Institute , Universiti Malaysia Sabah , Kota Kinabalu , Sabah , Malaysia
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23
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Catalytic Profile and Amylolytic Studies of Toluene-Tolerant Enterococcus faecalis str. nov. mercadA7. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-016-2386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Sharma AK, Singh SP. Effect of amino acids on the repression of alkaline protease synthesis in haloalkaliphilic Nocardiopsis dassonvillei. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 12:40-51. [PMID: 28352553 PMCID: PMC5361074 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A newly isolated salt-tolerant alkaliphilic actinomycete, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei strain OK-18 grows on mineral salts medium with glucose as carbon source. It also grows and produces protease with amino acids as sole carbon source. The synthesis of extracellular alkaline protease parallel to growth was repressible by substrate concentrations. The absolute production of the protease was delinked with growth under nutritional stress, as protease production was high, despite poor growth. When amino acids served as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, the enzyme production was significantly controlled by the number of amino acids. Maximal protease production was achieved with proline, asparagine, tyrosine, alanine, methionine and valine as sole source of carbon and nitrogen in minimal medium. With the increasing number of different amino acids in the presence and absence of glucose, the protease production was synergistically lower as compared to complex medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satya P. Singh
- UGC-CAS Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005 Gujarat, India
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25
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Afrisham S, Badoei-Dalfard A, Namaki-Shoushtari A, Karami Z. Characterization of a thermostable, CaCl 2 -activated and raw-starch hydrolyzing alpha-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis AT70: Production under solid state fermentation by utilizing agricultural wastes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Suriya J, Bharathiraja S, Krishnan M, Manivasagan P, Kim SK. Marine Microbial Amylases: Properties and Applications. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 79:161-177. [PMID: 27770860 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amylases are crucial enzymes which hydrolyze internal glycosidic linkages in starch and produce as primary products dextrins and oligosaccharides. Amylases are classified into α-amylase, β-amylase, and glucoamylase based on their three-dimensional structures, reaction mechanisms, and amino acid sequences. Amylases have innumerable applications in clinical, medical, and analytical chemistries as well as in food, detergent, textile, brewing, and distilling industries. Amylases can be produced from plants, animals, and microbial sources. Due to the advantages in microbial production, it meets commercial needs. The pervasive nature, easy production, and wide range of applications make amylase an industrially pivotal enzyme. This chapter will focus on amylases found in marine microorganisms, their potential industrial applications, and how these enzymes can be improved to the required bioprocessing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suriya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Bharathiraja
- CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Porto Novo, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Krishnan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Manivasagan
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - S-K Kim
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center; Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Suriya J, Bharathiraja S, Krishnan M, Manivasagan P, Kim SK. Extremozymes from Marine Actinobacteria. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 79:43-66. [PMID: 27770863 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Marine microorganisms that have the possibility to survive in diverse conditions such as extreme temperature, pH, pressure, and salinity are known as extremophiles. They produce biocatalysts so named as extremozymes that are active and stable at extreme conditions. These enzymes have numerous industrial applications due to its distinct properties. Till now, only a fraction of microorganisms on Earth have been exploited for screening of extremozymes. Novel techniques used for the cultivation and production of extremophiles, as well as cloning and overexpression of their genes in various expression systems, will pave the way to use these enzymes for chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and other industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suriya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Bharathiraja
- CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Porto Novo, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Krishnan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Manivasagan
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - S-K Kim
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center; Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Trivedi N, Reddy CRK, Lali AM. Marine Microbes as a Potential Source of Cellulolytic Enzymes. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 79:27-41. [PMID: 27770862 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Marine environment hosts the wide range of habitats with remarkably high and diverse microbial populations. The ability of marine microorganisms to survive in extreme temperature, salinity, and pressure depends on the function of multivarious enzyme systems that in turn provide vast potential for biotechnological exploration studies. Therefore, the enzymes from marine microorganism represent novel bio catalytic potential with stable and reliable properties. Microbial cellulases constitute a major group of industrial enzymes that find applications in various industries. Majority of cellulases are of terrestrial origin, and very limited research has been carried out to explore marine microbes as a source of cellulases. This chapter presents an overview about the types of marine polysaccharases, classification and potential applications of cellulases, different sources of marine cellulases, and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Trivedi
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - C R K Reddy
- Division of Marine Biotechnology and Ecology, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| | - A M Lali
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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29
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Production of pullulan from raw potato starch hydrolysates by a new strain of Auerobasidium pullulans. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:740-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Kumar S, Grewal J, Sadaf A, Hemamalini R, K. Khare S. Halophiles as a source of polyextremophilic α-amylase for industrial applications. AIMS Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2016.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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31
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Shukla R, Singh S. Characteristics and thermodynamics of α-amylase from thermophilic actinobacterium, Laceyella sacchari TSI-2. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Homaei A, Ghanbarzadeh M, Monsef F. Biochemical features and kinetic properties of α-amylases from marine organisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 83:306-14. [PMID: 26657843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms have the ability of producing enzymes with unique properties compared to those of the same enzymes from terrestrial organisms. α-Amylases are among the most important extracellular enzymes found in various groups of organisms such as plants, animals and microorganisms. They play important roles in their carbohydrates metabolism of each organism. Microbial production of α-amylases is more effective than other sources of the enzyme. Many microorganisms are known to produce α-amylase including bacteria, yeasts, fungi and actinomycetes. However, enzymes from fungal and bacterial sources have dominated applications in industrial sectors. This review deals with what is known about the kinetics, biochemical properties and applications of these enzymes that have only been found in them and not in other α-amylases, and discussing their mechanistic and regulatory implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mehri Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ferial Monsef
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Science, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Sharma TK, Mawlankar R, Sonalkar VV, Shinde VK, Zhan J, Li WJ, Rele MV, Dastager SG, Kumar LS. Streptomyces lonarensis sp. nov., isolated from Lonar Lake, a meteorite salt water lake in India. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 109:225-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Premalatha N, Gopal NO, Jose PA, Anandham R, Kwon SW. Optimization of cellulase production by Enhydrobacter sp. ACCA2 and its application in biomass saccharification. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1046. [PMID: 26500615 PMCID: PMC4597110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulase finds use in saccharification of lignocellulosic agroresidues to fermentable sugars which can be used for production of commercially important metabolites. This study reports endoglucanase (CMCase) production by Enhydrobacter sp. ACCA2. The CMCase activity of the strain ACCA2 was successively improved by optimization of range of physical and nutritional parameter in a set of non-statistical and statistical experiments. Initial non-statistical selection of carbon source, incubation time, temperature and pH resulted in 1.07 fold increase of CMCase activity. In a subsequent statistical method, response surface methodology, optimization of medium components such as carboxymethylcellulose, peptone, NaCl, MgSO4, K2HPO4, and (NH4)2SO4 yielded further increase up to 2.39 fold CMCase activity. The cellulolytic potential was evaluated in biomass saccharification with different plant materials and the results revealed that the enzyme produced by strain may have significant commercial values for industrial saccharification process. Moreover, this is the first report of cellulase production by an Enhydrobacter spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaiah Premalatha
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai, India
| | - Nellaiappan O Gopal
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai, India
| | - Polpass Arul Jose
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai, India
| | - Rangasamy Anandham
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai, India
| | - Soon-Wo Kwon
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration Jeonju, South Korea
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Mouna imen O, Mahmoud K. Statistical optimization of cultural conditions of an halophilic alpha-amylase production by halophilic Streptomyces sp. grown on orange waste powder. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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36
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Identification and characterization of a novel raw-starch-degrading α-amylase (AmyASS) from the marine fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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37
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Purification and Characterization of a Polyextremophilic α -Amylase from an Obligate Halophilic Aspergillus penicillioides Isolate and Its Potential for Souse with Detergents. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:245649. [PMID: 26180787 PMCID: PMC4477103 DOI: 10.1155/2015/245649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular α-amylase from the obligate halophilic Aspergillus penicillioides TISTR3639 strain was produced and enriched to apparent homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G100 gel filtration column chromatography. The mass of the purified amylase was estimated to be 42 kDa by SDS-PAGE. With soluble starch as the substrate it had a specific activity of 118.42 U · mg(-1) and Vmax and Km values of 1.05 µmol · min(-1) · mg(-1) and 5.41 mg · mL(-1), respectively. The enzyme was found to have certain polyextremophilic characteristics, with an optimum activity at pH 9, 80 °C, and 300 g · L(-1) NaCl. The addition of CaCl2 at 2 mM was found to slightly enhance the amylase activity, while ZnCl2, FeCl2, or EDTA at 2 mM was strongly or moderately inhibitory, respectively, suggesting the requirement for a (non-Fe(2+) or Zn(2+)) divalent cation. The enzyme retained more than 80% of its activity when incubated with three different laundry detergents and had a better performance compared to a commercial amylase and three detergents in the presence of increasing NaCl concentrations up to 300 g · L(-1). Accordingly, it has a good potential for use as an α-amylase in a low water activity (high salt concentration) and at high pH and temperatures.
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38
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Hamedi J, Mohammadipanah F, Panahi HKS. Biotechnological Exploitation of Actinobacterial Members. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14595-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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39
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Antimicrobial and Biocatalytic Potential of Haloalkaliphilic Actinobacteria. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND BIODIVERSITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-14595-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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40
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Singh K, Richa K, Bose H, Karthik L, Kumar G, Bhaskara Rao KV. Statistical media optimization and cellulase production from marine Bacillus VITRKHB. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:591-598. [PMID: 28324307 PMCID: PMC4235885 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine Bacillus species are potent producers
of novel enzymes. Marine Bacillus VITRKHB was
observed to be efficient for cellulolytic activity. It was employed for the
production of extracellular cellulase. Cellulase was partially purified to 1.6-fold
in a stepwise manner by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and DEAE ion
exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of purified protein was found to be
about 33 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Its specific activity was recorded as 1.92 IU/mg. The
effect of various carbon and nitrogen sources on cellulase production was
investigated. The maximum enzyme activity was recorded in the fermentation media
containing xylose as carbon source and beef extract as nitrogen source. The combined
interactive effect of different variables on cellulase production was studied by
response surface methodology. The optimized combination of variables for maximum
enzyme activity was determined as; xylose 5.0 %, beef extract 6.9 %, pH 7.83, NaCl
1.17, and temperature 25.84 °C, after 24 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Singh
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumari Richa
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Himadri Bose
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Karthik
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kokati Venkata Bhaskara Rao
- Molecular and Microbiology Research Laboratory, Environmental Biotechnology Division, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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41
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Yin J, Chen JC, Wu Q, Chen GQ. Halophiles, coming stars for industrial biotechnology. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 33:1433-42. [PMID: 25447783 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology aims to produce chemicals, materials and biofuels to ease the challenges of shortage on petroleum. However, due to the disadvantages of bioprocesses including energy consuming sterilization, high fresh water consumption, discontinuous fermentation to avoid microbial contamination, highly expensive stainless steel fermentation facilities and competing substrates for human consumption, industrial biotechnology is less competitive compared with chemical processes. Recently, halophiles have shown promises to overcome these shortcomings. Due to their unique halophilic properties, some halophiles are able to grow in high pH and high NaCl containing medium under higher temperature, allowing fermentation processes to run contamination free under unsterile conditions and continuous way. At the same time, genetic manipulation methods have been developed for halophiles. So far, halophiles have been used to produce bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), ectoines, enzymes, and bio-surfactants. Increasing effects have been made to develop halophiles into a low cost platform for bioprocessing with advantages of low energy, less fresh water consumption, low fixed capital investment, and continuous production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yin
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin-Chun Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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42
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Singh R, Kumar V, Kapoor V. Partial Purification and Characterization of a Heat Stable α-Amylase from a Thermophilic Actinobacteria, Streptomyces sp. MSC702. Enzyme Res 2014; 2014:106363. [PMID: 25400941 PMCID: PMC4220580 DOI: 10.1155/2014/106363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A partial purification and biochemical characterization of the α-amylase from Streptomyces sp. MSC702 were carried out in this study. The optimum operational conditions for enzyme substrate reaction for amylolytic enzyme activity from the strain were evaluated. The optimum pH, temperature, and incubation period for assaying the enzyme were observed to be 5.0, 55°C, and 30 min, respectively. The extracellular extract was concentrated using ammonium sulfate precipitation. It was stable in the presence of metal ions (5 mM) such as K(+), Co(2+), and Mo(2+), whereas Pb(2+), Mn(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Ba(2+), Ca(2+), Hg(2+), Sn(2+), Cr(3+), Al(3+), Ag(+), and Fe(2+) were found to have inhibitory effects. The enzyme activity was also unstable in the presence of 1% Triton X-100, 1% Tween 80, 5 mM sodium lauryl sulphate, 1% glycerol, 5 mM EDTA, and 5 mM denaturant urea. At temperature 60°C and pH 5.0, the enzyme stability was maximum. α-amylase retained 100% and 34.18% stability for 1 h and 4 h, respectively, at 60°C (pH 7.0). The enzyme exhibited a half-life of 195 min at 60°C temperature. The analysis of kinetic showed that the enzyme has K m of 2.4 mg/mL and V max of 21853.0 μmol/min/mg for soluble potato starch. The results indicate that the enzyme reflects their potentiality towards industrial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Singh
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Botany, Christ Church College, Kanpur 208001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Botany, Christ Church College, Kanpur 208001, India
| | - Vishal Kapoor
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
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43
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Mesbah NM, Wiegel J. Halophilic alkali- and thermostable amylase from a novel polyextremophilic Amphibacillus sp. NM-Ra2. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:222-9. [PMID: 25008132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular gluco-amylo-pullulanase from Amphibacillus sp. NM-Ra2 was purified to homogeneity by ethanol precipitation, anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. Molecular mass of the enzyme was 50kDa (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme showed maximal activity at 1.9 M NaCl, pH50°C 8.0 and 54°C and was active from 0 to 4.3 M NaCl and 37 to 65°C. The enzyme was inhibited by EDTA and was stable and active in the presence of PMSF, DTT, H2O2, Triton-X-100, Tween 20 and Tween 80. Ca2+ is inessential for activity. The amylase was stimulated with K+ and inhibited with Cu2+ and Mg2+. Hg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ had no effect on activity. Amylase was stable and active in the presence of ethanol, methanol and benzene (25%, v/v). The enzyme hydrolyzed linear and branched polysaccharides including pullulan, glycogen and amylopectin, and hydrolyzed raw wheat starch and raw corn starch (14.6% and 13.5% over 2 h). Amylase activity was inhibited by soluble starch concentrations greater than 0.3%. The major products of soluble starch hydrolysis were maltose and maltotriose. The amylase, being halophilic and alkali-thermostable, in addition to being resistant to surfactants, oxidizing agents and organic solvents, can find applications in the starch processing, pharmaceutical, food and paper/pulp industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Mesbah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Juergen Wiegel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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44
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Purification, characterization, and potential of saline waste water remediation of a polyextremophilic α-amylase from an obligate halophilic Aspergillus gracilis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:106937. [PMID: 24949415 PMCID: PMC4053144 DOI: 10.1155/2014/106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An obligate halophilic Aspergillus gracilis which was isolated from a hypersaline man-made saltern from Thailand was screened for its potential of producing extracellular α -amylase in the previous studies. In this study the α -amylase was extracted and purified by the help of column chromatography using Sephadex G-100 column. Presence of amylase was verified by SDS-PAGE analysis, showing a single band of approximately 35 kDa. The specific activity of the enzyme was found to be 131.02 U/mg. The Lineweaver-Burk plot showed the V max and K m values of 8.36 U/mg and 6.33 mg/mL, respectively. The enzyme was found to have the best activity at 5 pH, 60°C, and 30% of NaCl concentration, showing its polyextremophilic nature. The use of various additives did not show much variation in the activity of enzyme, showing its resilience against inhibitors. The enzyme, when tested for its use for synthetic waste water remediation by comparing its activity with commercial amylase in different salt concentrations showed that the α -amylase from A. gracilis was having better performance at increasing salt concentrations than the commercial one. This shows its potential to be applied in saline waste water and other low water activity effluents for bioremediation.
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45
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Hartmann EM, Durighello E, Pible O, Nogales B, Beltrametti F, Bosch R, Christie-Oleza JA, Armengaud J. Proteomics meets blue biotechnology: a wealth of novelties and opportunities. Mar Genomics 2014; 17:35-42. [PMID: 24780860 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Blue biotechnology, in which aquatic environments provide the inspiration for various products such as food additives, aquaculture, biosensors, green chemistry, bioenergy, and pharmaceuticals, holds enormous promise. Large-scale efforts to sequence aquatic genomes and metagenomes, as well as campaigns to isolate new organisms and culture-based screenings, are helping to push the boundaries of known organisms. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics can complement 16S gene sequencing in the effort to discover new organisms of potential relevance to blue biotechnology by facilitating the rapid screening of microbial isolates and by providing in depth profiles of the proteomes and metaproteomes of marine organisms, both model cultivable isolates and, more recently, exotic non-cultivable species and communities. Proteomics has already contributed to blue biotechnology by identifying aquatic proteins with potential applications to food fermentation, the textile industry, and biomedical drug development. In this review, we discuss historical developments in blue biotechnology, the current limitations to the known marine biosphere, and the ways in which mass spectrometry can expand that knowledge. We further speculate about directions that research in blue biotechnology will take given current and near-future technological advancements in mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica M Hartmann
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, F-30207, France
| | - Emie Durighello
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, F-30207, France
| | - Olivier Pible
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, F-30207, France
| | - Balbina Nogales
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Bosch
- Microbiologia, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joseph A Christie-Oleza
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV47AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jean Armengaud
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, F-30207, France.
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46
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Acharyabhatta A, Kandula SK, Terli R. Taxonomy and Polyphasic Characterization of Alkaline Amylase Producing Marine Actinomycete Streptomyces rochei BTSS 1001. Int J Microbiol 2013; 2013:276921. [PMID: 24489548 PMCID: PMC3892758 DOI: 10.1155/2013/276921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes isolated from marine sediments along the southeast coast of Bay of Bengal were investigated for amylolytic activity. Marine actinomycete BTSS 1001 producing an alkaline amylase was identified from marine sediment of Diviseema coast, Bay of Bengal. The isolate produced alkaline amylase with maximum amylolytic activity at pH 9.5 at 50°C. The organism produced white to pale grey substrate mycelium and grayish aerial mycelium with pinkish brown pigmentation. A comprehensive study of morphological, physiological parameters, cultural characteristics, and biochemical studies was performed. The presence of iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, LL-diaminopimelic acid as the characteristic cell wall component, and menaquinones MK-9H(6) and MK-9H(8) as the major isoprenoid quinones is attributed to the strain BTSS 1001 belonging to the genus Streptomyces. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BTSS 1001 exhibited the highest similarities to the type strains of Streptomyces rochei (99%), Streptomyces plicatus (99%), and Streptomyces enissocaesilis (99%). Using the polyphasic taxonomical approach and phenotypic characteristic studies, the isolate BTSS 1001 was characterized as marine actinomycete Streptomyces rochei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Acharyabhatta
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. L. Bullayya College, New Resapuvanipalem, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530013, India
| | - Siva Kumar Kandula
- Department of Biotechnology, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India
| | - Ramana Terli
- School of Life Sciences, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530045, India
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47
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Peng H, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Wang M, Xiao Y, Gao Y. α-Amylase (AmyP) of glycoside hydrolase subfamily GH13_37 is resistant to various toxic compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Purification and characterization of thermostable α-amylase from thermophilic Anoxybacillus flavithermus. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 102:144-50. [PMID: 24507266 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on the purification and characterization of thermostable α-amylase (α-1-4 D-glucan glucanohydrolase EC 3.2.1.1) from a newly isolated Anoxybacillus flavithermus. A. flavithermus was used, which was isolated from hot water springs of Ömer, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. The gram-positive, spore-forming, motile, moderately thermophilic bacteria were found to be a strain of A. flavithermus analysed by 16S rRNA comparison. The optimal conditions for bacterial growth were determined to be at 20 thh, 55 °C and pH 6.0. Maximum α-amylase activity was obtained at 55 °C at pH 7.0 after 24h of incubation. Thermostable α-amylase from A. flavithermus was purified by 70% (NH4)2SO4 and ion-exchange chromatography (5.2-fold; 65.8% yield). The molecular weight of α-amylase was 60 kDa, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The α-amylase hydrolyzed soluble starch at 55 °C with Km: 0.005 mM and Vmax: 3.5 μmol min(-1).
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49
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Manivasagan P, Sivasankar P, Venkatesan J, Sivakumar K, Kim SK. Optimization, production and characterization of glycolipid biosurfactant from the marine actinobacterium, Streptomyces sp. MAB36. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 37:783-97. [PMID: 24061563 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A potential glycolipid biosurfactant producer Streptomyces sp. MAB36 was isolated from marine sediment samples. Medium composition and culture conditions for the glycolipid biosurfactant production by Streptomyces sp. MAB36 were optimized, using two statistical methods: Plackett-Burman design was applied to find out the key ingredients and conditions for the best yield of glycolipid biosurfactant production and central composite design was used to optimize the concentration of the four significant variables, starch, casein, crude oil and incubation time. Fructose and yeast extract were the best carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of the glycolipid biosurfactant. Biochemical characterizations including FTIR and MS studies suggested the glycolipid nature of the biosurfactant. The isolated glycolipid biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of water from 73.2 to 32.4 mN/m. The purified glycolipid biosurfactant showed critical micelle concentrations of 36 mg/l. The glycolipid biosurfactant was effective at very low concentrations over a wide range of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration. The purified glycolipid biosurfactant showed strong antimicrobial activity. Thus, the strain Streptomyces sp. MAB36 has proved to be a potential source of glycolipid biosurfactant that could be used for the bioremediation processes in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchanathan Manivasagan
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea,
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50
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Yang G, Yang G, Aprile L, Turturo V, Pucciarelli S, Pucciarelli S, Miceli C. Characterization and comparative analysis of psychrophilic and mesophilic alpha-amylases from Euplotes species: a contribution to the understanding of enzyme thermal adaptation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:715-20. [PMID: 23916704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The eukaryotic α-amylase isolated from the psychrophilic ciliated protozoon Euplotes focardii (EfAmy) was expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. Its enzymatic activity was compared to that of the homologous protein from the mesophilic congeneric species Euplotes crassus (EcAmy). The comparison of the amino acid composition and the surface residue composition of the two enzymes indicated a preference for tiny residues and the avoidance of charged, aromatic and hydrophobic residues in EfAmy. Our comparative homology modeling study reveals a lack of surface salt bridges, a decreased number of the surface charged residues, decreased hydrogen bonds and bound ions, and a reduction of aromatic-sulfur interactions, cationic-π interactions and disulfide interactions in EfAmy. In contrast, sequence alignment and homology modeling showed five unconserved prolines located on the surface loops of EcAmy. By analyzing amylolytic activity towards soluble starch as the substrate, we determined the temperature and pH dependence, thermostability and kinetic parameters of these two enzymes. We demonstrated that EfAmy shows the characteristics of a psychrophilic α-amylase, such as the highest hydrolytic activity at low temperatures and high thermolability. In contrast, the EcAmy showed mesophilic characteristics with the highest activity at moderate temperatures and a more than 2-fold increased half-life at 50°C compared to EfAmy. The kcat and KM values of EfAmy were higher than those of the mesophilic EcAmy at all tested temperatures. Furthermore, both EfAmy and EcAmy showed maximum activities at pH 9 and maintained high activities in the presence of surfactants. These results suggest the potential applications of EfAmy and EcAmy as ingredients in detergents for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy
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