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Melo RLF, Neto FS, Dari DN, Fernandes BCC, Freire TM, Fechine PBA, Soares JM, Dos Santos JCS. A comprehensive review on enzyme-based biosensors: Advanced analysis and emerging applications in nanomaterial-enzyme linkage. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130817. [PMID: 38479669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Biosensors with nanomaterials and enzymes detect and quantify specific targets in samples, converting recognition into measurable signals. The study explores the intrinsic synergy between these elements for detecting and quantifying particular targets in biological and environmental samples, with results demonstrated through bibliometric analysis and a comprehensive review of enzyme-based biosensors. Using WoS, 57,331 articles were analyzed and refined to 880. Key journals, countries, institutions, and relevant authors were identified. The main areas highlighted the multidisciplinary nature of the field, and critical keywords identified five thematic clusters, revealing the primary nanoparticles used (CNTs, graphene, AuNPs), major application fields, basic application themes, and niche topics such as sensitive detection, peroxidase activity, and quantum dot utilization. The biosensor overview covered nanomaterials and their primary applications, addressing recent advances and inherent challenges. Patent analysis emphasized the U.S. leadership in the industrial sector, contrasting with China's academic prominence. Future studies should focus on enhancing biosensor portability and analysis speed, with challenges encompassing efficient integration with recent technologies and improving stability and reproducibility in the nanomaterial-enzyme interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Leandro Fernandes Melo
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, Bloco 729, CEP 60440-554 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Grupo de Química de Materiais Avançados (GQMat), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco Simão Neto
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Dayana Nascimento Dari
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, CEP 62790-970 Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruno Caio Chaves Fernandes
- Departamento de Agronomia e Ciência Vegetais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Campus Mossoró, Mossoró CEP 59625-900, RN, Brazil
| | - Tiago Melo Freire
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Avançados (GQMat), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pierre Basílio Almeida Fechine
- Grupo de Química de Materiais Avançados (GQMat), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, CEP 60451-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Maria Soares
- Departamento de Física, Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Mossoró, Mossoró CEP 59610-090, RN, Brazil.
| | - José Cleiton Sousa Dos Santos
- Instituto de Engenharias e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira, Campus das Auroras, CEP 62790-970 Redenção, CE, Brazil.
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Fraile-Gutiérrez I, Iglesias S, Acosta N, Revuelta J. Chitosan-based oral hydrogel formulations of β-galactosidase to improve enzyme supplementation therapy for lactose intolerance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:127755. [PMID: 37935291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
β-Galactosidase supplementation plays an important role in the life of people with lactose intolerance. However, these formulations are rendered ineffective by the low pH and pepsin in the stomach and pancreatic proteases in the intestine. Therefore, it is necessary to develop oral transport systems for carrying this enzyme in the active form up to the intestine, where the lactose digestion occurs. In this research, a new hydrogel was developed that could potentially be used for enzyme supplement therapy. In this regard, the chitosan-based β-Gal formulations described in the manuscript are an alternative long-acting preparation to the so far available preparations that allow for enzyme protection and mucosal targeting. These hydrogels were prepared from chitosan and polyethylene glycol and contained a covalently immobilized β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae. The β-galactosidase in the hydrogel was protected from degradation in a gastric medium at a pH of 2.5 and retained 75 % of its original activity under subsequent intestinal conditions. In the case of a simulated gastric fluid with a pH of 1.5, a copolymer containing methacrylic acid functional groups was sufficient to protect the hybrid hydrogel from the extremely acidic pH. In addition, the surface of the hydrogel was chemically modified with thiol and amidine groups, which increased the binding to intestinal mucin by 20 % compared with the unmodified hydrogel. These results represent a promising approach for oral transport as a reservoir for β-galactosidase in the small intestine to reduce the symptoms of hypolactasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fraile-Gutiérrez
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Infiqus, S.L. Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales - UCM, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Iglesias
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Niuris Acosta
- Infiqus, S.L. Instituto de Estudios Biofuncionales - UCM, Paseo Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julia Revuelta
- BioGlycoChem Group, Departamento de Química Bio-Orgánica, Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC (IQOG-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Gennari A, Mobayed FH, Da Rolt Nervis B, Benvenutti EV, Nicolodi S, da Silveira NP, Volpato G, Volken de Souza CF. Immobilization of β-Galactosidases on Magnetic Nanocellulose: Textural, Morphological, Magnetic, and Catalytic Properties. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2315-2326. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Gennari
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil
| | - Francielle H. Mobayed
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Giandra Volpato
- Curso de Biotecnologia, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul - IFRS, Campus Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90030-041, RS, Brazil
| | - Claucia F. Volken de Souza
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Alimentos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil
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Wang YW, Chen LY, An FP, Chang MQ, Song HB. A novel polysaccharide gel bead enabled oral enzyme delivery with sustained release in small intestine. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Urrutia P, Bernal C, Escobar S, Santa C, Mesa M, Wilson L, Illanes A. Influence of chitosan derivatization on its physicochemical characteristics and its use as enzyme support. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Urrutia
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Avenida Brasil 2147 Valparaíso Chile
| | - Claudia Bernal
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Avenida Brasil 2147 Valparaíso Chile
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales; Instituto de Química; Universidad de Antioquia. Medellin; Colombia
| | - Sindy Escobar
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales; Instituto de Química; Universidad de Antioquia. Medellin; Colombia
| | - Cristiam Santa
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales; Instituto de Química; Universidad de Antioquia. Medellin; Colombia
| | - Monica Mesa
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales; Instituto de Química; Universidad de Antioquia. Medellin; Colombia
| | - Lorena Wilson
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Avenida Brasil 2147 Valparaíso Chile
| | - Andres Illanes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; Avenida Brasil 2147 Valparaíso Chile
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Hierarchical meso-macroporous silica grafted with glyoxyl groups: opportunities for covalent immobilization of enzymes. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:500-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Calcium alginate beads encapsulated PMMA-g-CS nano-particles for α-chymotrypsin immobilization. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 92:2095-102. [PMID: 23399263 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan grafted with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA-g-CS) was prepared via a free-radicals polymerization technique as a carrier for enzyme immobilization. α-Chymotrypsin (CT), as an enzyme model in this study, was immobilized onto the prepared PMMA-g-CS via covalent bonding. Calcium alginate (CA) beads were developed for encapsulating PMMA-g-CS-CT to produce PMMA-g-CS-CT/CA composite beads. Morphology and size of PMMA-g-CS particles were investigated by TEM and found to be in the nanoscale. The structure and surface morphology of the beads before and after immobilization process were characterized by FT-IR and SEM, respectively. Both the bound CT content and relative activity of immobilized enzyme were measured. A higher retained activity (about 97.7%) obtained for the immobilized CT at pH 9 for 24 h. The results indicated that immobilized CT maintained excellent performance even after 25 reuses and retained 75% from its original activity after 60 days of storage at 25 °C.
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