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Feather-Degrading Bacillus cereus HD1: Genomic Analysis and Its Optimization for Keratinase Production and Feather Degradation. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:166. [PMID: 35460448 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02861-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Keratinase is an important enzyme that is used to degrade feather wastes produced by poultry industries and slaughterhouses that accumulate rapidly over time. The search for keratinase-producing microorganisms is important to potentially substitute physicochemical treatments of feather waste. In this study, the genome of Bacillus cereus HD1 and its keratinolytic prowess was investigated. The whole-genome shotgun size is 5,668,864 bp consisting of 6083 genes, 69 tRNAs, and 10 rRNAs. The genomic analyses revealed 15 potential keratinase genes and other enzymes that might assist keratin degradation, such as disulfide reductase and cysteine dioxygenase. The optimal conditions for feather degradation and keratinase production by B. cereus HD1 such as incubation time, pH, temperature, yeast extract, and glycerol concentrations were determined to be 5 days, pH 8, 37 °C, 0.05% (w/v), and 0.1% (v/v), respectively. Under optimized conditions, B. cereus HD1 exhibited feather degradation of 65%, with bacterial growth and maximum keratinase activity of 1.3 × 1011 CFU/mL and 41 U/mL, respectively, after 5 days of incubation in a feather basal medium. The findings obtained from this study may facilitate further research into utilizing B. cereus HD1 as a prominent keratinolytic enzymes production host and warrant potential biotechnological applications.
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Yahaya RSR, Normi YM, Phang LY, Ahmad SA, Abdullah JO, Sabri S. Molecular strategies to increase keratinase production in heterologous expression systems for industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3955-3969. [PMID: 33937928 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Keratinase is an important enzyme that can degrade recalcitrant keratinous wastes to form beneficial recyclable keratin hydrolysates. Keratinase is not only important as an alternative to reduce environmental pollution caused by chemical treatments of keratinous wastes, but it also has industrial significance. Currently, the bioproduction of keratinase from native keratinolytic host is considered low, and this hampers large-scale usage of the enzyme. Straightforward approaches of cloning and expression of recombinant keratinases from native keratinolytic host are employed to elevate the amount of keratinase produced. However, this is still insufficient to compensate for the lack of its large-scale production to meet the industrial demands. Hence, this review aimed to highlight the various sources of keratinase and the strategies to increase its production in native keratinolytic hosts. Molecular strategies to increase the production of recombinant keratinase such as plasmid selection, promoter engineering, chromosomal integration, signal peptide and propeptide engineering, codon optimization, and glycoengineering were also described. These mentioned strategies have been utilized in heterologous expression hosts, namely, Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., and Pichia pastoris, as they are most widely used for the heterologous propagations of keratinases to further intensify the production of recombinant keratinases adapted to better suit the large-scale demand for them. KEY POINTS: • Molecular strategies to enhance keratinase production in heterologous hosts. • Construction of a prominent keratinolytic host from a native strain. • Patent analysis of keratinase production shows rapid high interest in molecular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radin Shafierul Radin Yahaya
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yahaya M Normi
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lai Yee Phang
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Janna Ong Abdullah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Tang AX, Liu H, Liu YY, Li QY, Qing YM. Purification and Characterization of a Novel β-Cypermethrin-Degrading Aminopeptidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa GF31. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9412-9418. [PMID: 29035041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel β-cypermethrin-degrading enzyme was isolated and purified by 32.8 fold from the extracellular cell-free filtrate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa GF31with the protein recovery of 26.6%. The molecular mass of the enzyme was determined to be 53 kDa. The optimum temperature for the activity was surprisingly 60 °C, and moreover, the purified enzyme showed a good pH stability, maintaining over 85% of its initial activity in the pH 5.0-9.0 range. Most of the common metal ions exhibited little influence on the activity except for Hg2+, Ag+, and Cu2+. After the complete gene sequence of the degrading enzyme was obtained by subcloning, sequence analyses as well as enzymatic properties demonstrated that the islolated enzyme should be an aminopeptidase. This is the first reported aminopeptidase for pyrethroid hydrolase, providing new potential enzyme resources for the degradation of this type of pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Xing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Biorefinery , Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
| | - You-Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Biorefinery , Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Qing-Yun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Guangxi Biorefinery , Nanning 530003, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yi-Ming Qing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, Guangxi, PR China
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Dedavid e Silva L, Tirloni L, Loss-Morais G, Margis R, da Silva Vaz I, Macedo A, Termignoni C. A recombinant subtilisin with keratinolytic and fibrin(ogen)olytic activity. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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