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Lin Y, Dong Y, Li X, Cai J, Cai L, Zhang G. Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharide from lignocellulosic and marine biomass: A review of current progress, challenges, and its applications in food sectors. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134014. [PMID: 39047995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, xylooligosaccharides (XOS) have attracted great attentions because of their unique chemical properties and excellent prebiotic effects. Among the current strategies for XOS production, enzymatic hydrolysis is preferred due to its green and safe process, simplicity in equipment, and high control of the degrees of polymerization. This paper comprehensively summarizes various lignocellulosic biomass and marine biomass employed in enzymatic production of XOS. The importance and advantages of enzyme immobilization in XOS production are also discussed. Many novel immobilization techniques for xylanase are presented. In addition, bioinformatics techniques for the mining and designing of new xylanase are also described. Moreover, XOS has exhibited great potential applications in the food industry as diverse roles, such as a sugar replacer, a fat replacer, and cryoprotectant. This review systematically summarizes the current research progress on the applications of XOS in food sectors, including beverages, bakery products, dairy products, meat products, aquatic products, food packaging film, wall materials, and others. It is anticipated that this paper will act as a reference for the further development and application of XOS in food sectors and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqing Lin
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, Fujian, China
| | - Yuting Dong
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, Fujian, China; Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangling Li
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Jinzhong Cai
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xiamen 361024, Fujian, China
| | - Lixi Cai
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China; College of Basic Medicine, Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian, China.
| | - Guangya Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.
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Mendonça M, Barroca M, Collins T. Endo-1,4-β-xylanase-containing glycoside hydrolase families: Characteristics, singularities and similarities. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 65:108148. [PMID: 37030552 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Endo-1,4-β-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are O-glycoside hydrolases that cleave the internal β-1,4-D-xylosidic linkages of the complex plant polysaccharide xylan. They are produced by a vast array of organisms where they play critical roles in xylan saccharification and plant cell wall hydrolysis. They are also important industrial biocatalysts with widespread application. A large and ever growing number of xylanases with wildly different properties and functionalites are known and a better understanding of these would enable a more effective use in various applications. The Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes database (CAZy), which classifies evolutionarily related proteins into a glycoside hydrolase family-subfamily organisational scheme has proven powerful in understanding these enzymes. Nevertheless, ambiguity currently exists as to the number of glycoside hydrolase families and subfamilies harbouring catalytic domains with true endoxylanase activity and as to the specific characteristics of each of these families/subfamilies. This review seeks to clarify this, identifying 9 glycoside hydrolase families containing enzymes with endo-1,4-β-xylanase activity and discussing their properties, similarities, differences and biotechnological perspectives. In particular, substrate specificities and hydrolysis patterns and the structural determinants of these are detailed, with taxonomic aspects of source organisms being also presented. Shortcomings in current knowledge and research areas that require further clarification are highlighted and suggestions for future directions provided. This review seeks to motivate further research on these enzymes and especially of the lesser known endo-1,4-β-xylanase containing families. A better understanding of these enzymes will serve as a foundation for the knowledge-based development of process-fitted endo-1,4-β-xylanases and will accelerate their development for use with even the most recalcitrant of substrates in the biobased industries of the future.
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Shahid S, Batool S, Khaliq A, Ahmad S, Batool H, Sajjad M, Akhtar MW. Improved catalytic efficiency of chimeric xylanase 10B from Thermotoga petrophila RKU1 and its synergy with cellulases. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 166:110213. [PMID: 36822057 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
TpXyl10B is a glycoside hydrolase family 10 xylanase of hyperthermophile Thermotoga petrophila RKU-1. This enzyme is of considerable importance due to its thermostability. However, in its native state, this enzyme does not possess any carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) for efficient binding to plant biomass. In this study CBM6 from Clostridium thermocellum was attached to the N- and C-termini of TpXyl10B, thereby producing the variants TpXyl10B-B6C and TpXyl10B-CB6, respectively. TpXyl10B-B6C showed 5-7 folds increased activity on Beechwood xylan and the different types of plant biomass as compared to that from the catalytic domain only. However, the activity of TpXyl10B-CB6 decreased 0.6-0.8 folds on Beechwood xylan and plant biomass compared to the catalytic domain. We explained these results through molecular modeling, which showed that binding residues of CBM6's cleft B, which were previously reported to show no contribution towards binding due to steric hindrance from a loop region, were exposed in a favorable position in TpXyl10B-B6C such that they efficiently bound the substrate. In contrast, these binding residues of CBM6 in TpXyl10B-CB6 were exposed opposite to the catalytic residues; thus, binding to the substrate resulted in decreased exposure of catalytic residues to the substrate. CD spectroscopy and thermostability assays showed that TpXyl10B-B6C was highly thermostable, having a melting point > 90 °C, which is relatively higher than that of the other variant, TpXyl10B-CB6. In addition, this xylanase variant showed synergism with cellulases for the hydrolysis of plant biomass. Therefore, TpXyl10B-B6C, an engineered xylanase in this study, can be a valuable candidate for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Shahid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Sweden.
| | - Sana Batool
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aasia Khaliq
- Department of Life Sciences, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan; DNA and Serology Lab, Punjab Forensic Science Agency, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hina Batool
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Waheed Akhtar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Vongkampang T, Sreenivas K, Grey C, van Niel EWJ. Immobilization techniques improve volumetric hydrogen productivity of Caldicellulosiruptor species in a modified continuous stirred tank reactor. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:25. [PMID: 36793132 PMCID: PMC9933333 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Co-cultures and cell immobilization have been used for retaining biomass in a bioreactor, with the aim to improve the volumetric hydrogen productivity (QH2). Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis is a strong cellulolytic species that possesses tāpirin proteins for attaching on lignocellulosic materials. C. owensensis has its reputation as a biofilm former. It was investigated whether continuous co-cultures of these two species with different types of carriers can improve the QH2. RESULTS QH2 up to 30 ± 0.2 mmol L-1 h-1 was obtained during pure culture of C. kronotskyensis with combined acrylic fibres and chitosan. In addition, the yield of hydrogen was 2.95 ± 0.1 mol H2 mol-1 sugars at a dilution rate (D) of 0.3 h-1. However, the second-best QH2 26.4 ± 1.9 mmol L-1 h-1 and 25.4 ± 0.6 mmol L-1 h-1 were obtained with a co-culture of C. kronotskyensis and C. owensensis with acrylic fibres only and a pure culture of C. kronotskyensis with acrylic fibres, respectively. Interestingly, the population dynamics revealed that C. kronotskyensis was the dominant species in the biofilm fraction, whereas C. owensensis was the dominant species in the planktonic phase. The highest amount of c-di-GMP (260 ± 27.3 µM at a D of 0.2 h-1) were found with the co-culture of C. kronotskyensis and C. owensensis without a carrier. This could be due to Caldicellulosiruptor producing c-di-GMP as a second messenger for regulation of the biofilms under the high dilution rate (D) to prevent washout. CONCLUSIONS The cell immobilization strategy using a combination of carriers exhibited a promising approach to enhance the QH2. The QH2 obtained during the continuous culture of C. kronotskyensis with combined acrylic fibres and chitosan gave the highest QH2 among the pure culture and mixed cultures of Caldicellulosiruptor in the current study. Moreover, it was the highest QH2 among all cultures of Caldicellulosiruptor species studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiwut Vongkampang
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden. .,Biorefinery and Functional Food Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Kantharawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand.
| | - Krishnan Sreenivas
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Grey
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ed W. J. van Niel
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Geng B, Jia X, Peng X, Han Y. Biosynthesis of value-added bioproducts from hemicellulose of biomass through microbial metabolic engineering. Metab Eng Commun 2022; 15:e00211. [PMID: 36311477 PMCID: PMC9597109 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemicellulose is the second most abundant carbohydrate in lignocellulosic biomass and has extensive applications. In conventional biomass refinery, hemicellulose is easily converted to unwanted by-products in pretreatment and therefore can't be fully utilized. The present study aims to summarize the most recent development of lignocellulosic polysaccharide degradation and fully convert it to value-added bioproducts through microbial and enzymatic catalysis. Firstly, bioprocess and microbial metabolic engineering for enhanced utilization of lignocellulosic carbohydrates were discussed. The bioprocess for degradation and conversion of natural lignocellulose to monosaccharides and organic acids using anaerobic thermophilic bacteria and thermostable glycoside hydrolases were summarized. Xylose transmembrane transporting systems in natural microorganisms and the latest strategies for promoting the transporting capacity by metabolic engineering were summarized. The carbon catabolite repression effect restricting xylose utilization in microorganisms, and metabolic engineering strategies developed for co-utilization of glucose and xylose were discussed. Secondly, the metabolic pathways of xylose catabolism in microorganisms were comparatively analyzed. Microbial metabolic engineering for converting xylose to value-added bioproducts based on redox pathways, non-redox pathways, pentose phosphate pathway, and improving inhibitors resistance were summarized. Thirdly, strategies for degrading lignocellulosic polysaccharides and fully converting hemicellulose to value-added bioproducts through microbial metabolic engineering were proposed. Hemicellulose is the main carbohydrate of biomass and has valuable applications. Hemicellulose is underutilized in conventional biomass refinery and pretreatment. Microbial and enzymatic catalysis were applied for hemicellulose utilization. Xylose is converted to value-added bioproducts by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojing Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yejun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China,Corresponding author. National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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Li Y, Song W, Yin X, Rao S, Zhang Q, Zhou J, Li J, Du G, Liu S. Enhanced catalytic performance of thermophilic GH11 xylanase by fusing carbohydrate-binding module 9-2 and linker for better synergistic degradation of wheat bran. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Rivas-Párraga R, Izquierdo A, Sánchez K, Bolaños-Guerrón D, Alfaro-Núñez A. Identification and phylogenetic characterization based on DNA sequences from RNA ribosomal genes of thermophilic microorganisms in a high elevation Andean tropical geothermal spring. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.02.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Several microorganisms can survive in harsh acid environments in geothermal springs at high temperatures across the Equatorial Andes Mountains. However, little is known about their physiological features and phylogenetic composition. Here we identify thermophilic microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and microalgae) hosted in an almost unexplored geothermal spring (known as “Aguas Hediondas”). The phylogeny of the cultures was determined by analyzing physiological features and DNA sequences of PCR products for 16S rRNA, ITS, and 23S rRNA genes. Twenty pure cultures were isolated from the samples, including 17 for bacteria, one for cyanobacterium, one for eukaryotic microalgae, and one for fungus. Most bacterial strains were gram-positive, spore-forming, and bacilli (Bacillus). Cyanobacterium strain belonged to Chroococcidiopsis and the eukaryotic microalgae to Chlorophyta. The unique fungal strain isolated was closely related to T. duponti. Through our study, isolated thermophilic bacteria, microalgae and fungi from the “Aguas Hediondas” geothermal spring were characterized and identified. This study represents one of the first extensive molecular characterizations of extremophile microbes in the Tropical Equatorial Andes.
Keywords. microbial diversity; DNA markers; extremophiles; phylogenetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Roque Rivas-Párraga
- Life science and Agriculture Department. Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Izquierdo
- Life science and Agriculture Department. Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CENCINAT), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Sangolquí, Ecuador Ecuador Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Ambiente (GIMA), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador
| | - Karen Sánchez
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuqui, Ecuador
| | - Darío Bolaños-Guerrón
- Department of Earth Science and Constructions, Geographical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolquí, Ecuador Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CENCINAT), Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Av. Gral. Rumiñahui s/n, P.O. Box 171-5-231B, Sangolquí, Ecuador Ecuador
| | - Alonzo Alfaro-Núñez
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Næstved Hospital, Ringstegade 57a, 4700 Næstved, Denmark 5 Section for Evolutionary Genomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Xing M, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Chi Z, Chi Z, Liu G. C-Terminal Bacterial Immunoglobulin-like Domain of κ-Carrageenase Serves as a Multifunctional Module to Promote κ-Carrageenan Hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1212-1222. [PMID: 35057622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
κ-Carrageenase is an important component for κ-carrageenan oligosaccharide production. Generally, noncatalytic domains are appended to carbohydrate-active domains and potentiate catalytic activity. However, studies devoted to κ-carrageenase are relatively few. Here, a C-terminal bacterial immunoglobulin-like domain (Big_2) was identified in κ-carrageenase (PpCgk) from Pseudoalteromonas porphyrae. Biochemical characterization of native PpCgk and its two truncations, PpCgkCD (catalytic domain) and PpBig_2 (Big_2 domain), revealed that the specific activity, catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km(app)), specific κ-carrageenan-binding capacity, and thermostability of PpCgk were significantly higher than those of PpCgkCD, suggesting that the noncatalytic PpBig_2 domain is a multifunctional module and essential for maintaining the activity and thermostability of PpCgk. Furthermore, it was found that the mode of action of PpCgk was more processive on both the dissolved and gelled substrates than that of PpCgkCD, indicating that PpBig_2 contributes to the processivity of PpCgk. Interestingly, PpBig_2 can be used as an independent module to enhance the hydrolysis of κ-carrageenan through its disruptive function. In addition, sequence analysis suggests that Big_2 domains are highly conserved in bacterial κ-carrageenases, implying the universality of their noncatalytic functions. These findings reveal the multifunctional role of the noncatalytic PpBig_2 and will guide future functional analyses and biotechnology applications of Big_2 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Xing
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yujuan Zhao
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhenming Chi
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guanglei Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
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Aiewviriyasakul K, Bunterngsook B, Lekakarn H, Sritusnee W, Kanokratana P, Champreda V. Biochemical characterization of xylanase GH11 isolated from Aspergillus niger BCC14405 (XylB) and its application in xylooligosaccharide production. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:2299-2310. [PMID: 34718907 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an endo-β-1,4-xylanase with high specificity for production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharides that optimally works at moderate temperature desirable to reduce the energy cost in the production process. RESULTS The xylB gene, encoding for a glycosyl hydrolase family 11 xylanase from a thermoresistant fungus, Aspergillus niger BCC14405 was expressed in a methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris KM71 in a secreted form. The recombinant XylB showed a high specific activity of 3852 and 169 U mg-1 protein on beechwood xylan and arabinoxylan, respectively with no detectable side activities against different forms of cellulose (Avicel Ò PH101 microcrystalline cellulose, phosphoric acid swollen cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose). The enzyme worked optimally at 45 °C, pH 6.0. It showed a specific cleavage pattern by releasing xylobiose (X2) as the major product from xylooligosaccharides (X3 to X6) substrates. The highest XOS yield of 708 mg g-1 substrate comprising X2, X3 and X6 was obtained from beechwood xylan hydrolysis. CONCLUSION The enzyme is potent for XOS production and for saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katesuda Aiewviriyasakul
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Benjarat Bunterngsook
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Hataikarn Lekakarn
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Sritusnee
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Verawat Champreda
- Enzyme Technology Research Team, Biorefinery Technology and Bioproduct Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
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10
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Wang L, Wang Y, Chang S, Gao Z, Ma J, Wu B, He B, Wei P. Identification and characterization of a thermostable GH11 xylanase from Paenibacillus campinasensis NTU-11 and the distinct roles of its carbohydrate-binding domain and linker sequence. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112167. [PMID: 34715594 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An extracellular thermostable xylanase (XynNTU) from Paenibacillus campinasensis NTU-11, consisted of a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 11 catalytic domain, a Gly/Pro-rich linker sequence (LS) and a family 6 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM6), was identified and expressed in E. coli BL21. The purified XynNTU had a specific activity of 2750 U/mg and an optimal activity at 60 °C and pH 7.0, and retained a residual activity of 58.4% after incubation (60 °C, 48 h). Two truncated mutants, CBM6-truncated form XynNTU-CDLS, CBM6 and linker-truncated form XynNTU-CD, possessed similar values of optimum pH and temperature as the native XynNTU. XynNTU-CD displayed a lower thermostability than XynNTU, whereas for XynNTU-CDLS, more than 90% of residual activity was remained (60 °C, 48 h), indicating that this enzyme presented a higher thermostability than that of the majority of reported GH11 xylanases. Furthermore, XynNTU and two mutants maintained more than 70% of residual activity at pH values of 5-9. Kinetic measurements suggested that CBM6 had a crucial function in the ability of the enzyme to bind and hydrolyze xylan substrates, while LS had a relatively mild influence. Collectively, a noticeable thermostability and a high specific activity of XynNTU and its truncated form XynNTU-CDLS highlights their potentials for diverse industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiya Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Chang
- School of Health and Life Science, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 625 Geguan Road, Nanjing 210048, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiangfeng Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingfang He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan Road, Nanjing 211810, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Vongkampang T, Sreenivas K, Engvall J, Grey C, van Niel EWJ. Characterization of simultaneous uptake of xylose and glucose in Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis for optimal hydrogen production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:91. [PMID: 33832529 PMCID: PMC8034154 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis has gained interest for its ability to grow on various lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth profiles of C. kronotskyensis in the presence of mixtures of glucose-xylose. Recently, we characterized a diauxic-like pattern for C. saccharolyticus on lignocellulosic sugar mixtures. In this study, we aimed to investigate further whether C. kronotskyensis has adapted to uptake glucose in the disaccharide form (cellobiose) rather than the monosaccharide (glucose). RESULTS Interestingly, growth of C. kronotskyensis on glucose and xylose mixtures did not display diauxic-like growth patterns. Closer investigation revealed that, in contrast to C. saccharolyticus, C. kronotskyensis does not possess a second uptake system for glucose. Both C. saccharolyticus and C. kronotskyensis share the characteristics of preferring xylose over glucose. Growth on xylose was twice as fast (μmax = 0.57 h-1) as on glucose (μmax = 0.28 h-1). A study of the sugar uptake was made with different glucose-xylose ratios to find a kinetic relationship between the two sugars for transport into the cell. High concentrations of glucose inhibited xylose uptake and vice versa. The inhibition constants were estimated to be KI,glu = 0.01 cmol L-1 and KI,xyl = 0.001 cmol L-1, hence glucose uptake was more severely inhibited by xylose uptake. Bioinformatics analysis could not exclude that C. kronotskyensis possesses more than one transporter for glucose. As a next step it was investigated whether glucose uptake by C. kronotskyensis improved in the form of cellobiose. Indeed, cellobiose is taken up faster than glucose; nevertheless, the growth rate on each sugar remained similar. CONCLUSIONS C. kronotskyensis possesses a xylose transporter that might take up glucose at an inferior rate even in the absence of xylose. Alternatively, glucose can be taken up in the form of cellobiose, but growth performance is still inferior to growth on xylose. Therefore, we propose that the catabolism of C. kronotskyensis has adapted more strongly to pentose rather than hexose, thereby having obtained a specific survival edge in thermophilic lignocellulosic degradation communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiwut Vongkampang
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Krishnan Sreenivas
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Engvall
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carl Grey
- Division of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ed W J van Niel
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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12
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Yang Y, Yang J, Wang R, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang F, Yuan H. Cooperation of hydrolysis modes among xylanases reveals the mechanism of hemicellulose hydrolysis by Penicillium chrysogenum P33. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:159. [PMID: 31542050 PMCID: PMC6754857 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-019-1212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xylanases randomly cleave the internal β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in the xylan backbone and are grouped into different families in the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZy) database. Although multiple xylanases are detected in single strains of many filamentous fungi, no study has been reported on the composition, synergistic effect, and mode of action in a complete set of xylanases secreted by the same microorganism. Results All three xylanases secreted by Penicillium chrysogenum P33 were expressed and characterized. The enzymes Xyl1 and Xyl3 belong to the GH10 family and Xyl3 contains a CBM1 domain at its C-terminal, whereas Xyl2 belongs to the GH11 family. The optimal temperature/pH values were 35 °C/6.0, 50 °C/5.0 and 55 °C/6.0 for Xyl1, Xyl2, and Xyl3, respectively. The three xylanases exhibited synergistic effects, with the maximum synergy observed between Xyl3 and Xyl2, which are from different families. The synergy between xylanases could also improve the hydrolysis of cellulase (C), with the maximum amount of reducing sugars (5.68 mg/mL) observed using the combination of C + Xyl2 + Xyl3. Although the enzymatic activity of Xyl1 toward xylan was low, it was shown to be capable of hydrolyzing xylooligosaccharides into xylose. Xyl2 was shown to hydrolyze xylan to long-chain xylooligosaccharides, whereas Xyl3 hydrolyzed xylan to xylooligosaccharides with a lower degree of polymerization. Conclusions Synergistic effect exists among different xylanases, and it was higher between xylanases from different families. The cooperation of hydrolysis modes comprised the primary mechanism for the observed synergy between different xylanases. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that the hydrolysates of GH11 xylanases can be further hydrolyzed by GH10 xylanases, but not vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fengqin Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Tan H, Miao R, Liu T, Yang L, Yang Y, Chen C, Lei J, Li Y, He J, Sun Q, Peng W, Gan B, Huang Z. A bifunctional cellulase-xylanase of a new Chryseobacterium strain isolated from the dung of a straw-fed cattle. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:381-398. [PMID: 29205864 PMCID: PMC5812240 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new cellulolytic strain of Chryseobacterium genus was screened from the dung of a cattle fed with cereal straw. A putative cellulase gene (cbGH5) belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 5 subfamily 46 (GH5_46) was identified and cloned by degenerate PCR plus genome walking. The CbGH5 protein was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris, purified and characterized. It is the first bifunctional cellulase-xylanase reported in GH5_46 as well as in Chryseobacterium genus. The enzyme showed an endoglucanase activity on carboxymethylcellulose of 3237 μmol min-1 mg-1 at pH 9, 90 °C and a xylanase activity on birchwood xylan of 1793 μmol min-1 mg-1 at pH 8, 90 °C. The activity level and thermophilicity are in the front rank of all the known cellulases and xylanases. Core hydrophobicity had a positive effect on the thermophilicity of this enzyme. When similar quantity of enzymatic activity units was applied on the straws of wheat, rice, corn and oilseed rape, CbGH5 could obtain 3.5-5.0× glucose and 1.2-1.8× xylose than a mixed commercial cellulase plus xylanase of Novozymes. When applied on spent mushroom substrates made from the four straws, CbGH5 could obtain 9.2-15.7× glucose and 3.5-4.3× xylose than the mixed Novozymes cellulase+xylanase. The results suggest that CbGH5 could be a promising candidate for industrial lignocellulosic biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tan
- National‐local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro‐microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengduChina
| | - Renyun Miao
- National‐local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro‐microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengduChina
| | - Tianhai Liu
- National‐local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro‐microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengduChina
| | - Lufang Yang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro‐microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengduChina
| | - Yumin Yang
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro‐microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengduChina
| | - Chunxiu Chen
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro‐microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengduChina
| | - Jianrong Lei
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro‐microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengduChina
| | - Yuhui Li
- National‐local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
- College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiabei He
- National‐local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
- College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qun Sun
- College of Life SciencesSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Weihong Peng
- National‐local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro‐microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengduChina
| | - Bingcheng Gan
- National‐local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro‐microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengduChina
| | - Zhongqian Huang
- National‐local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer InstituteSichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengduChina
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro‐microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureChengduChina
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Thermostability improvement of a Talaromyces leycettanus xylanase by rational protein engineering. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15287. [PMID: 29127292 PMCID: PMC5681632 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic xylanases with high catalytic efficiency are of great interest in the biofuel, food and feed industries. This study identified a GH11 xylanase gene, Tlxyn11B, in Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802. Recombinant TlXyn11B produced in Pichia pastoris is distinguished by high specific activity (8259 ± 32 U/mg with beechwood xylan as substrate) and excellent pH stability (from 1.0 to 10.5). The beechwood xylan hydrolysates consisted mainly of xylobiose, xylotriose and xylotetraose, thus TlXyn11B could be used for the production of prebiotic xylooligosaccharide. By using the structure-based rational approach, the N-terminal sequence of TlXyn11B was modified for thermostability improvement. Mutants S3F and S3F/D35V/I/Q/M had elevated Tm values of 60.01 to 67.84 °C, with S3F/D35I the greatest. Homology modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis revealed that the substituted F3 and I35 formed a sandwich structure with S45 and T47, which may enhance the overall structure rigidity with lowered RMSD values. This study verifies the efficiency of rational approach in thermostability improvement and provides a xylanase candidate of GH11 with great commercialization potential.
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15
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Zhou SH, Liu Y, Zhao YJ, Chi Z, Chi ZM, Liu GL. Enhanced exo-inulinase activity and stability by fusion of an inulin-binding module. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8063-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7587-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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16
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Biochemical characterization of extra- and intracellular endoxylanse from thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21672. [PMID: 26899227 PMCID: PMC4761950 DOI: 10.1038/srep21672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis grows on lignocellulosic biomass by the catalysis of intrinsic glycoside hydrolase, and has potential application for consolidated bioprocessing. In current study, two predicted extra- (Xyn10A) and intracellular (Xyn10B) xylanase from C. kronotskyensis were comparatively characterized. Xyn10A and Xyn10B share GH10 catalytic domain with similarity of 41%, while the former contains two tandem N-terminus CBM22s. Xyn10A showed higher hydrolytic capability than Xyn10B on both beechwood xylan (BWX) and oat spelt xylan (OSX). Truncation mutation experiments revealed the importance of CBMs for hydrolytic activity, substrate binding and thermostability of Xyn10A.While the quantity of CBM was not directly related to bind and thermostability. Although CBM was considered to be crucial for substrate binding, Xyn10B and Xyn10A as well as truncations performed similar binding affinity to insoluble substrate OSX. Analysis of point mutation revealed similar key residues, Glu493, Glu601 and Trp658 for Xyn10A and Glu139, Glu247 and Trp305 for Xyn10B. Both Xyn10A and Xyn10B exhibited hydrolytic activity on the mechanical pretreated corncob. After pre-digested by Xyn10A or Xyn10B, the micropores inthe the mechanical pretreated corncob were observed, which enhanced the accessibility for cellulase. Compared with corncob hydrolyzed with cellulase alone, enhanced hydrolytic performance of was observed after pre-digestion by Xyn10A or Xyn10B.
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17
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Gomes E, de Souza AR, Orjuela GL, Da Silva R, de Oliveira TB, Rodrigues A. Applications and Benefits of Thermophilic Microorganisms and Their Enzymes for Industrial Biotechnology. Fungal Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-27951-0_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Peng X, Su H, Mi S, Han Y. A multifunctional thermophilic glycoside hydrolase from Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis with potential applications in production of biofuels and biochemicals. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:98. [PMID: 27141233 PMCID: PMC4852416 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermophilic enzymes have attracted much attention for their advantages of high reaction velocity, exceptional thermostability, and decreased risk of contamination. Exploring efficient thermophilic glycoside hydrolases will accelerate the industrialization of biofuels and biochemicals. RESULTS A multifunctional glycoside hydrolase (GH) CoGH1A, belonging to GH1 family with high activities of β-d-glucosidase, exoglucanase, β-d-xylosidase, β-d-galactosidase, and transgalactosylation, was cloned and expressed from the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis. The enzyme exerts excellent thermostability by retaining 100 % activity after 12-h incubation at 75 °C. The catalytic coefficients (k cat/K m) of the enzyme against pNP-β-D-galactopyranoside, pNP-β-D-glucopyranoside, pNP-β-D-cellobioside, pNP-β-D-xylopyranoside, and cellobiose were, respectively, 7450.0, 2467.5, 1085.4, 90.9, and 137.3 mM(-1) s(-1). When CoGH1A was supplemented at the dosage of 20 Ucellobiose g(-1) biomass for hydrolysis of the pretreated corn stover, comparing with the control, the glucose and xylose yields were, respectively, increased 37.9 and 42.1 %, indicating that the enzyme contributed not only for glucose but also for xylose release. The efficiencies of lactose decomposition and synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GalOS) by CoGH1A were investigated at low (40 g L(-1)) and high (500 g L(-1)) initial lactose concentrations. At low lactose concentration, the time for decomposition of 83 % lactose was 10 min, which is much shorter than the reported 2-10 h for reaching such a decomposition rate. At high lactose concentration, after 50-min catalysis, the GalOS concentration reached 221 g L(-1) with a productivity of 265.2 g L(-1) h(-1). This productivity is at least 12-fold higher than those reported in literature. CONCLUSIONS The multifunctional glycoside hydrolase CoGH1A has high capabilities in saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass, decomposition of lactose, and synthesis of galactooligosaccharides. It is a promising enzyme to be used for bioconversion of carbohydrates in industrial scale. In addition, the results of this study indicate that the extremely thermophilic bacteria are potential resources for screening highly efficient glycoside hydrolases for the production of biofuels and biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Su
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofu Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yejun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Studies on properties of the xylan-binding domain and linker sequence of xylanase XynG1-1 from Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 42:1591-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1698-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Xylanase XynG1-1 from Paenibacillus campinasensis G1-1 consists of a catalytic domain (CD), a family 6_36 carbohydrate-binding module which is a xylan-binding domain (XBD), and a linker sequence (LS) between them. The structure of XynG1-3 from Bacillus pumilus G1-3 consists only of a CD. To investigate the functions and properties of the XBD and LS of XynG1-1, two truncated forms (XynG1-1CDL, XynG1-1CD) and three fusion derivatives (XynG1-3CDL, XynG1-3CDX and XynG1-3CDLX) were constructed and biochemically characterized. The optimum conditions for the catalytic activity of mutants of XynG1-1 and XynG1-3 were 60 °C and pH 7.0, and 55 °C and pH 8.0, respectively, the same as for the corresponding wild-type enzymes. XynGs with an XBD were stable over a broad temperature (30–80 °C) and pH range (4.0–11.0), respectively, on incubation for 3 h. Kinetic parameters (K m, k cat, k cat/K m) of XynGs were determined with soluble birchwood xylan and insoluble oat spelt xylan as substrates. XynGs with the XBD showed better affinities toward, and more efficient catalysis of hydrolysis of the insoluble substrate. The XBD had positive effects on thermostability and pH stability and a crucial function in the ability of the enzyme to bind and hydrolyze insoluble substrate. The LS had little effect on the overall stability of the xylanase and no relationship with affinities for soluble and insoluble substrates or catalytic efficiency.
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Amel BD, Nawel B, Khelifa B, Mohammed G, Manon J, Salima KG, Farida N, Hocine H, Bernard O, Jean-Luc C, Marie-Laure F. Characterization of a purified thermostable xylanase from Caldicoprobacter algeriensis sp. nov. strain TH7C1(T). Carbohydr Res 2015; 419:60-8. [PMID: 26687892 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the purification and biochemical characterization of an extracellular thermostable xylanase (called XYN35) from Caldicoprobacter algeriensis sp. nov., strain TH7C1(T), a thermophilic, anaerobic strain isolated from the hydrothermal hot spring of Guelma (Algeria). The maximum xylanase activity recorded after 24 h of incubation at 70 °C and in an optimized medium containing 10 g/L mix birchwood- and oats spelt-xylan was 250 U/mL. The pure protein was obtained after heat treatment (1 h at 70 °C), followed by sequential column chromatographies on Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and Mono-S Sepharose anion-exchange. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis indicated that the purified enzyme is a monomer with a molecular mass of 35,075.10 Da. The results from amino-acid sequence analysis revealed high homology between the 21 NH2-terminal residues of XYN35 and those of bacterial xylanases. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 11 and 70 °C. While XYN35 was activated by Ca(2+), Mn(2+), and Mg(2+), it was completely inhibited by Hg(2+) and Cd(2+). The xylanase showed higher specific activity on soluble oat-spelt xylan, followed by beechwood xylan. This enzyme was also noted to obey the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with Km and kcat values on oat-spelt xylan being 1.33 mg/mL and 400 min(-1), respectively. Thin-layer chromatography soluble oat-spelt xylan (TLC) analysis showed that the final hydrolyzed products of the enzyme from birchwood xylan were xylose, xylobiose, and xylotriose. Taken together, the results indicated that the XYN35 enzyme has a number of attractive biochemical properties that make it a potential promising candidate for future application in the pulp bleaching industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouanane-Darenfed Amel
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria; Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Boucherba Nawel
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature Science and Life, University of Bejaia, Targa Ouzemmour, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Bouacem Khelifa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Gagaoua Mohammed
- Maquav Team, Bioqual Laboratory, INATAA, Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 University, Ain El-Bey Street, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Joseph Manon
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Kebbouche-Gana Salima
- Laboratory of Biological Resources Conservation and Valuation, Faculty of Sciences, M'Hamed Bougara-Boumerdes University, 06000 Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - Nateche Farida
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hacene Hocine
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Microbiology Team, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology of Houari Boumediene (USTHB), PO Box 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Ollivier Bernard
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Cayol Jean-Luc
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fardeau Marie-Laure
- Aix Marseille University-IRD-University of Toulon-CNRS-Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288 Marseille, France
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Graciano L, Corrêa JM, Vieira FGN, Bosetto A, Loth EA, Kadowaki MK, Gandra RF, Simão RDCG. Cloning and Expression of the xynA1 Gene Encoding a Xylanase of the GH10 Group in Caulobacter crescentus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 175:3915-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Peng X, Qiao W, Mi S, Jia X, Su H, Han Y. Characterization of hemicellulase and cellulase from the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis and their potential application for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass without pretreatment. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:131. [PMID: 26322125 PMCID: PMC4552416 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretreatment is currently the common approach for improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis on lignocellulose. However, the pretreatment process is expensive and will produce inhibitors such as furan derivatives and phenol derivatives. If the lignocellulosic biomass can efficiently be saccharified by enzymolysis without pretreatment, the bioconversion process would be simplified. The genus Caldicellulosiruptor, an obligatory anaerobic and extreme thermophile can produce a diverse set of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) for deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. It gives potential opportunities for improving the efficiency of converting native lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars. RESULTS Both of the extracellular (extra-) and intracellular (intra-) enzymes of C. owensensis cultivated on corncob xylan or xylose had cellulase (including endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase and β-glucosidase) and hemicellulase (including xylanase, xylosidase, arabinofuranosidase and acetyl xylan esterase) activities. The enzymes of C. owensensis had high ability for degrading hemicellulose of native corn stover and corncob with the conversion rates of xylan 16.7 % and araban 60.0 %. Moreover, they had remarkable synergetic function with the commercial enzyme cocktail Cellic CTec2 (Novoyzmes). When the native corn stover and corncob were respectively, sequentially hydrolyzed by the extra-enzymes of C. owensensis and CTec2, the glucan conversion rates were 31.2 and 37.9 %,which were 1.7- and 1.9-fold of each control (hydrolyzed by CTec2 alone), whereas the glucan conversion rates of the steam-exploded corn stover and corncob hydrolyzed by CTec2 alone on the same loading rate were 38.2 and 39.6 %, respectively. These results show that hydrolysis by the extra-enzyme of C. owensensis made almost the same contribution as steam-exploded pretreatment on degradation of native lignocellulosic biomass. A new process for saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass by sequential hydrolysis is demonstrated in the present research, namely hyperthermal enzymolysis (70-80 °C) by enzymes of C. owensensis followed with mesothermal enzymolysis (50-55 °C) by commercial cellulase. This process has the advantages of no sugar loss, few inhibitors generation and consolidated with sterilization. CONCLUSIONS The enzymes of C. owensensis demonstrated an enhanced ability to degrade the hemicellulose of native lignocellulose. The pretreatment and detoxification steps may be removed from the bioconversion process of the lignocellulosic biomass by using the enzymes from C. owensensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuofu Mi
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Su
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yejun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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