1
|
Li N, Wang Y, Meng Y, Lv Y, Zhang S, Wei S, Ma P, Hu Y, Lin H. Structural and functional characterization of a new thermophilic-like OYE from Aspergillus flavus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:134. [PMID: 38229304 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Old yellow enzymes (OYEs) have been proven as powerful biocatalysts for the asymmetric reduction of activated alkenes. Fungi appear to be valuable sources of OYEs, but most of the fungal OYEs are unexplored. To expand the OYEs toolbox, a new thermophilic-like OYE (AfOYE1) was identified from Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL3357. The thermal stability analysis showed that the T1/2 of AfOYE1 was 60 °C, and it had the optimal temperature at 45 °C. Moreover, AfOYE1 exhibited high reduction activity in a wide pH range (pH 5.5-8.0). AfOYE1 could accept cyclic enones, acrylamide, nitroalkenes, and α, β-unsaturated aldehydes as substrates and had excellent enantioselectivity toward prochiral alkenes (> 99% ee). Interestingly, an unexpected (S)-stereoselectivity bioreduction toward 2-methylcyclohexenone was observed. The further crystal structure of AfOYE1 revealed that the "cap" region from Ala132 to Thr182, the loop of Ser316 to Gly325, α short helix of Arg371 to Gln375, and the C-terminal "finger" structure endow the catalytic cavity of AfOYE1 quite deep and narrow, and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) heavily buried at the bottom of the active site tunnel. Furthermore, the catalytic mechanism of AfOYE1 was also investigated, and the results confirmed that the residues His211, His214, and Tyr216 compose its catalytic triad. This newly identified thermophilic-like OYE would thus be valuable for asymmetric alkene hydrogenation in industrial processes. KEY POINTS: A new thermophilic-like OYE AfOYE1 was identified from Aspergillus flavus, and the T1/2 of AfOYE1 was 60 °C AfOYE1 catalyzed the reduction of 2-methylcyclohexenone with (S)-stereoselectivity The crystal structure of AfOYE1 was revealedv.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yinyin Meng
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bio-Based Products, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yangyong Lv
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shuaibing Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shan Wei
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | | | - Yuansen Hu
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan Unsssiversity of Technology, 100 Lianhua Street, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Hui Lin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bio-Based Products, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu S, Ma X, Yan H. Identification and characterization of an ene-reductase from Corynebacterium casei. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130427. [PMID: 38428763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The asymmetric reduction of α, β-unsaturated compounds conjugated with electron-withdrawing group by ene-reductases (ERs) is a valuable method for the synthesis of enantiopure chiral compounds. This study introduced an ER from Corynebacterium casei (CcER) which was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and the purified recombinant CcER was characterized for its biocatalytic properties. CcER exhibited the highest specific activity at 40 °C and pH 6.5, and showcased appreciable stability below 40 °C over a pH range of 6.0-7.0. The enzyme displayed high resistance to methanol. CcER accepted NADH or NADPH as a cofactor and exhibited a broad substrate spectrum towards α, β-unsaturated compounds. It achieved complete conversion of 2-cyclohexen-1-one and good performance for stereoselective reduction of (R)-carvone (conversion 98 %, diastereoselectivity 96 %). This study highlights the robustness and potential of CcER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongde Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng J, Xue Y, Wang J, Xie X, Lu C, Chen H, Lu Y, Zhu L, Chu D, Chen X. Enhancing the asymmetric reduction activity of ene-reductases for the synthesis of a brivaracetam precursor. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
4
|
A New Thermophilic Ene-Reductase from the Filamentous Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacterium Chloroflexus aggregans. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050953. [PMID: 33925162 PMCID: PMC8146883 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at expanding the biocatalytic toolbox of ene-reductase enzymes, we decided to explore photosynthetic extremophile microorganisms as unique reservoir of (new) biocatalytic activities. We selected a new thermophilic ene-reductase homologue in Chloroflexus aggregans, a peculiar filamentous bacterium. We report here on the functional and structural characterization of this new enzyme, which we called CaOYE. Produced in high yields in recombinant form, it proved to be a robust biocatalyst showing high thermostability, good solvent tolerance and a wide range of pH optimum. In a preliminary screening, CaOYE displayed a restricted substrate spectrum (with generally lower activities compared to other ene-reductases); however, given the amazing metabolic ductility and versatility of Chloroflexus aggregans, further investigations could pinpoint peculiar chemical activities. X-ray crystal structure has been determined, revealing conserved features of Class III (or thermophilic-like group) of the family of Old Yellow Enzymes: in the crystal packing, the enzyme was found to assemble as dimer even if it behaves as a monomer in solution. The description of CaOYE catalytic properties and crystal structure provides new details useful for enlarging knowledge, development and application of this class of enzymes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Böhmer S, Marx C, Gómez-Baraibar Á, Nowaczyk MM, Tischler D, Hemschemeier A, Happe T. Evolutionary diverse Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Old Yellow Enzymes reveal distinctive catalytic properties and potential for whole-cell biotransformations. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
Ene reductases enable the asymmetric hydrogenation of activated alkenes allowing the manufacture of valuable chiral products. The enzymes complement existing metal- and organocatalytic approaches for the stereoselective reduction of activated C=C double bonds, and efforts to expand the biocatalytic toolbox with additional ene reductases are of high academic and industrial interest. Here, we present the characterization of a novel ene reductase from Paenibacillus polymyxa, named Ppo-Er1, belonging to the recently identified subgroup III of the old yellow enzyme family. The determination of substrate scope, solvent stability, temperature, and pH range of Ppo-Er1 is one of the first examples of a detailed biophysical characterization of a subgroup III enzyme. Notably, Ppo-Er1 possesses a wide temperature optimum (Topt: 20–45 °C) and retains high conversion rates of at least 70% even at 10 °C reaction temperature making it an interesting biocatalyst for the conversion of temperature-labile substrates. When assaying a set of different organic solvents to determine Ppo-Er1′s solvent tolerance, the ene reductase exhibited good performance in up to 40% cyclohexane as well as 20 vol% DMSO and ethanol. In summary, Ppo-Er1 exhibited activity for thirteen out of the nineteen investigated compounds, for ten of which Michaelis–Menten kinetics could be determined. The enzyme exhibited the highest specificity constant for maleimide with a kcat/KM value of 287 mM−1 s−1. In addition, Ppo-Er1 proved to be highly enantioselective for selected substrates with measured enantiomeric excess values of 92% or higher for 2-methyl-2-cyclohexenone, citral, and carvone.
Collapse
|
7
|
Peters C, Frasson D, Sievers M, Buller R. Novel Old Yellow Enzyme Subclasses. Chembiochem 2019; 20:1569-1577. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Peters
- Competence Center for BiocatalysisInstitute of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and Facility ManagementZurich University of Applied Sciences Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - David Frasson
- Molecular BiologyInstitute of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and Facility ManagementZurich University of Applied Sciences Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Martin Sievers
- Molecular BiologyInstitute of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and Facility ManagementZurich University of Applied Sciences Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Buller
- Competence Center for BiocatalysisInstitute of Chemistry and BiotechnologySchool of Life Sciences and Facility ManagementZurich University of Applied Sciences Einsiedlerstrasse 31 8820 Wädenswil Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li Z, Wang Z, Meng G, Lu H, Huang Z, Chen F. Identification of an Ene Reductase from Yeast Kluyveromyces Marxianus
and Application in the Asymmetric Synthesis of (R
)-Profen Esters. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhining Li
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Zexu Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Ge Meng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering; School of Life Sciences; Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road; Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms; 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 P. R. China
| | - Zedu Huang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis of Chiral Drugs; 220 Handan Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pesic M, Fernández-Fueyo E, Hollmann F. Characterization of the Old Yellow Enzyme Homolog fromBacillus subtilis(YqjM). ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milja Pesic
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; Van der Maasewg 9 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Fernández-Fueyo
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; Van der Maasewg 9 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; Van der Maasewg 9 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Old Yellow Enzyme-Catalysed Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Linking Family Roots with Improved Catalysis. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7050130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
11
|
Khairy H, Wübbeler JH, Steinbüchel A. The NADH:flavin oxidoreductase Nox from Rhodococcus erythropolis MI2 is the key enzyme of 4,4'-dithiodibutyric acid degradation. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:434-441. [PMID: 27564089 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of the disulphide bond is the initial catabolic step of the microbial degradation of the organic disulphide 4,4'-dithiodibutyric acid (DTDB). Previously, an NADH:flavin oxidoreductase from Rhodococcus erythropolis MI2 designated as NoxMI2 , which belongs to the old yellow enzyme (OYE) family, was identified. In the present study, it was proven that NoxMI2 has the ability to cleave the sulphur-sulphur bond in DTDB. In silico analysis revealed high sequence similarities to proteins of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) reductase family identified in many strains of R. erythropolis. Therefore, nox was heterologously expressed in the pET23a(+) expression system using Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) pLysS, which effectively produces soluble active NoxMI2 . NoxMI2 showed a maximum specific activity (Vmax ) of 3·36 μmol min-1 mg-1 corresponding to a kcat of 2·5 s-1 and an apparent substrate Km of 0·6 mmol l-1 , when different DTDB concentrations were applied. No metal cofactors were required. Moreover, NoxMI2 had very low activity with other sulphur-containing compounds like 3,3'-dithiodipropionic acid (8·0%), 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid (7·6%) and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (8·0%). The UV/VIS spectrum of NoxMI2 revealed the presence of the cofactor FMN. Based on results obtained, NoxMI2 adds a new physiological substrate and mode of action to OYE members. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY It was unequivocally demonstrated in this study that an NADH:flavin oxidoreductase from Rhodococcus erythropolis MI2 (NoxMI2 ) is able to cleave the xenobiotic disulphide 4,4'-dithiodibutyric acid (DTDB) into two molecules of 4-mercaptobutyric acid (4MB) with concomitant consumption of NADH. NoxMI2 showed a high substrate specificity as well as high heat stability. This study provides the first detailed characterization of the initial cleavage of DTDB, which is considered as a promising polythioester precursor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Khairy
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - J H Wübbeler
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A Steinbüchel
- Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.,Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A thermophilic-like ene-reductase originating from an acidophilic iron oxidizer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:609-619. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
13
|
Sheng X, Yan M, Xu L, Wei M. Identification and characterization of a novel Old Yellow Enzyme from Bacillus subtilis str.168. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Pei XQ, Xu MY, Wu ZL. Two “classical” Old Yellow Enzymes from Chryseobacterium sp. CA49: Broad substrate specificity of Chr-OYE1 and limited activity of Chr-OYE2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
15
|
Riedel A, Mehnert M, Paul CE, Westphal AH, van Berkel WJH, Tischler D. Functional characterization and stability improvement of a 'thermophilic-like' ene-reductase from Rhodococcus opacus 1CP. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1073. [PMID: 26483784 PMCID: PMC4589676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ene-reductases (ERs) are widely applied for the asymmetric synthesis of relevant industrial chemicals. A novel ER OYERo2 was found within a set of 14 putative old yellow enzymes (OYEs) obtained by genome mining of the actinobacterium Rhodococcus opacus 1CP. Multiple sequence alignment suggested that the enzyme belongs to the group of 'thermophilic-like' OYEs. OYERo2 was produced in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. The enzyme is strongly NADPH dependent and uses non-covalently bound FMNH2 for the reduction of activated α,β-unsaturated alkenes. In the active form OYERo2 is a dimer. Optimal catalysis occurs at pH 7.3 and 37°C. OYERo2 showed highest specific activities (45-50 U mg(-1)) on maleimides, which are efficiently converted to the corresponding succinimides. The OYERo2-mediated reduction of prochiral alkenes afforded the (R)-products with excellent optical purity (ee > 99%). OYERo2 is not as thermo-resistant as related OYEs. Introduction of a characteristic intermolecular salt bridge by site-specific mutagenesis raised the half-life of enzyme inactivation at 32°C from 28 to 87 min and improved the tolerance toward organic co-solvents. The suitability of OYERo2 for application in industrial biocatalysis is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Riedel
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Biosciences, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg, Germany ; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Marika Mehnert
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Biosciences, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg, Germany
| | - Caroline E Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology Delft, Netherlands
| | - Adrie H Westphal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Dirk Tischler
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Biosciences, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg, Germany ; Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University Wageningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|