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Müller E, Sosedov O, Gröning JAD, Stolz A. Synthesis of (R)-mandelic acid and (R)-mandelic acid amide by recombinant E. coli strains expressing a (R)-specific oxynitrilase and an arylacetonitrilase. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:287-296. [PMID: 32936375 PMCID: PMC7796878 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chiral 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids and 2-hydroxycarboxamides are valuable synthons for the chemical industry. RESULTS The biocatalytic syntheses of (R)-mandelic acid and (R)-mandelic acid amide by recombinant Escherichia coli clones were studied. Strains were constructed which simultaneously expressed a (R)-specific oxynitrilase (hydroxynitrile lyase) from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana together with the arylacetonitrilase from the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC191. In addition, recombinant strains were constructed which expressed a previously described acid tolerant variant of the oxynitrilase and an amide forming variant of the nitrilase. The whole cell catalysts which simultaneously expressed the (R)-specific oxynitrilase and the wild-type nitrilase transformed in slightly acidic buffer systems benzaldehyde plus cyanide preferentially to (R)-mandelic acid with ee-values > 95%. The combination of the (R)-specific oxynitrilase with the amide forming nitrilase variant gave whole cell catalysts which converted at pH-values ≤ pH 5 benzaldehyde plus cyanide with a high degree of enantioselectivity (ee > 90%) to (R)-mandelic acid amide. The acid and the amide forming catalysts also converted chlorinated benzaldehydes with cyanide to chlorinated mandelic acid or chlorinated mandelic acid amides. CONCLUSIONS Efficient systems for the biocatalytic production of (R)-2-hydroxycarboxylic acids and (R)-2-hydroxycarboxamides were generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Müller
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Olga Sosedov
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Present Address: Biochem Labor für chemische Analytik GmbH, Daimlerstr. 5B, 76185 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Stolz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Mashweu AR, Chhiba-Govindjee VP, Bode ML, Brady D. Substrate Profiling of the Cobalt Nitrile Hydratase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC BAA 870. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25010238. [PMID: 31935987 PMCID: PMC6983157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aromatic substrate profile of the cobalt nitrile hydratase from Rhodococcus rhodochrous ATCC BAA 870 was evaluated against a wide range of nitrile containing compounds (>60). To determine the substrate limits of this enzyme, compounds ranging in size from small (90 Da) to large (325 Da) were evaluated. Larger compounds included those with a bi-aryl axis, prepared by the Suzuki coupling reaction, Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts, heteroatom-linked diarylpyridines prepared by Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines prepared by the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé multicomponent reaction. The enzyme active site was moderately accommodating, accepting almost all of the small aromatic nitriles, the diarylpyridines and most of the bi-aryl compounds and Morita-Baylis-Hillman products but not the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé products. Nitrile conversion was influenced by steric hindrance around the cyano group, the presence of electron donating groups (e.g., methoxy) on the aromatic ring, and the overall size of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide R. Mashweu
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (A.R.M.); (V.P.C.-G.)
| | - Varsha P. Chhiba-Govindjee
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (A.R.M.); (V.P.C.-G.)
- CSIR Chemical Production Cluster, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Moira L. Bode
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (A.R.M.); (V.P.C.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.B.); (D.B.); Tel.: +27-117176745 (D.B.)
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa; (A.R.M.); (V.P.C.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.B.); (D.B.); Tel.: +27-117176745 (D.B.)
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Sheldon RA, Brady D. Broadening the Scope of Biocatalysis in Sustainable Organic Synthesis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:2859-2881. [PMID: 30938093 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This Review is aimed at synthetic organic chemists who may be familiar with organometallic catalysis but have no experience with biocatalysis, and seeks to provide an answer to the perennial question: if it is so attractive, why wasn't it extensively used in the past? The development of biocatalysis in industrial organic synthesis is traced from the middle of the last century. Advances in molecular biology in the last two decades, in particular genome sequencing, gene synthesis and directed evolution of proteins, have enabled remarkable improvements in scope and substantially reduced biocatalyst development times and cost contributions. Additionally, improvements in biocatalyst recovery and reuse have been facilitated by developments in enzyme immobilization technologies. Biocatalysis has become eminently competitive with chemocatalysis and the biocatalytic production of important pharmaceutical intermediates, such as enantiopure alcohols and amines, has become mainstream organic synthesis. The synthetic space of biocatalysis has significantly expanded and is currently being extended even further to include new-to-nature biocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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4
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has emerged in the last decade as a pre-eminent technology for enabling the envisaged transition to a more sustainable bio-based economy. For industrial viability it is essential that enzymes can be readily recovered and recycled by immobilization as solid, recyclable catalysts. One method to achieve this is via carrier-free immobilization as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). This methodology proved to be very effective with a broad selection of enzymes, in particular carbohydrate-converting enzymes. Methods for optimizing CLEA preparations by, for example, adding proteic feeders to promote cross-linking, and strategies for making the pores accessible for macromolecular substrates are critically reviewed and compared. Co-immobilization of two or more enzymes in combi-CLEAs enables the cost-effective use of multiple enzymes in biocatalytic cascade processes and the use of “smart” magnetic CLEAs to separate the immobilized enzyme from other solids has raised the CLEA technology to a new level of industrial and environmental relevance. Magnetic-CLEAs of polysaccharide-converting enzymes, for example, are eminently suitable for use in the conversion of first and second generation biomass.
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5
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On-pot and cell-free biocatalysis using coimmobilized enzymes on advanced materials. Methods Enzymol 2019; 617:385-411. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Kawahara N, Asano Y. Retracted: Chemoenzymatic Method for Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)‐2‐Phenylglycine and (R)‐2‐Phenylglycine Amide from Benzaldehyde and KCN Using Difference of Enzyme Affinity to the Enantiomers. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kawahara
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology ToyamaPrefectural University Imizu 939-0398 Japan
- Asano Active Enzyme Molucule ProjectERATO JST Imizu 939-0398 Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology ToyamaPrefectural University Imizu 939-0398 Japan
- Asano Active Enzyme Molucule ProjectERATO JST Imizu 939-0398 Japan
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Abstract
In the period 1985 to 1995 applications of biocatalysis, driven by the need for more sustainable manufacture of chemicals and catalytic, (enantio)selective methods for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, largely involved the available hydrolases. This was followed, in the next two decades, by revolutionary developments in protein engineering and directed evolution for the optimisation of enzyme function and performance that totally changed the biocatalysis landscape. In the same period, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology revolutionised the use of whole cell biocatalysis in the synthesis of commodity chemicals by fermentation. In particular, developments in the enzymatic enantioselective synthesis of chiral alcohols and amines are highlighted. Progress in enzyme immobilisation facilitated applications under harsh industrial conditions, such as in organic solvents. The emergence of biocatalytic or chemoenzymatic cascade processes, often with co-immobilised enzymes, has enabled telescoping of multi-step processes. Discovering and inventing new biocatalytic processes, based on (meta)genomic sequencing, evolving enzyme promiscuity, chemomimetic biocatalysis, artificial metalloenzymes, and the introduction of non-canonical amino acids into proteins, are pushing back the limits of biocatalysis function. Finally, the integral role of biocatalysis in developing a biobased carbon-neutral economy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Oláh M, Kovács D, Katona G, Hornyánszky G, Poppe L. Optimization of 2-alkoxyacetates as acylating agent for enzymatic kinetic resolution of chiral amines. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Bracco P, Busch H, von Langermann J, Hanefeld U. Enantioselective synthesis of cyanohydrins catalysed by hydroxynitrile lyases - a review. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:6375-89. [PMID: 27282284 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00934d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis was the selective addition of cyanide to benzaldehyde catalysed by a hydroxynitrile lyase (HNL). Since then these enzymes have been developed into a reliable tool in organic synthesis. HNLs to prepare either the (R)- or the (S)-enantiomer of the desired cyanohydrin are available and a wide variety of reaction conditions can be applied. As a result of this, numerous applications of these enzymes in organic synthesis have been described. Here the examples of the last decade are summarised, the enzyme catalysed step is discussed and the follow-up chemistry is shown. This proves HNLs to be part of main stream organic synthesis. Additionally the newest approaches via immobilisation and reaction engineering are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Bracco
- Gebouw voor Scheikunde, Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Julianalaan 136, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Hanna Busch
- Gebouw voor Scheikunde, Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Julianalaan 136, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan von Langermann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Gebouw voor Scheikunde, Biokatalyse, Afdeling Biotechnologie, Technische Universiteit Delft, Julianalaan 136, 2628BL Delft, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, PO Wits 2050, South Africa
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - John M. Woodley
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Velasco-Lozano S, López-Gallego F. Wiring step-wise reactions with immobilized multi-enzyme systems. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1310208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Donostia, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
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12
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Abstract
Amides are widespread in biologically active compounds with a broad range of applications in biotechnology, agriculture and medicine. Therefore, as alternative to chemical synthesis the biocatalytic amide synthesis is a very interesting field of research. As usual, Nature can serve as guide in the quest for novel biocatalysts. Several mechanisms for carboxylate activation involving mainly acyl-adenylate, acyl-phosphate or acyl-enzyme intermediates have been discovered, but also completely different pathways to amides are found. In addition to ribosomes, selected enzymes of almost all main enzyme classes are able to synthesize amides. In this review we give an overview about amide synthesis in Nature, as well as biotechnological applications of these enzymes. Moreover, several examples of biocatalytic amide synthesis are given.
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Zhao Y, Chen N, Wang C, Cao Z. A Comprehensive Understanding of Enzymatic Catalysis by Hydroxynitrile Lyases with S Stereoselectivity from the α/β-Hydrolase Superfamily: Revised Role of the Active-Site Lysine and Kinetic Behavior of Substrate Delivery and Sequential Product Release. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine
and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nanhao Chen
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine
and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational
Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 360015, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
AbstractStructural and functional catalytic characteristics of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) are reviewed. Firstly, advantages of enzyme immobilization and existing types of immobilization are described. Then, a wide description of the factors that modify CLEA activity, selectivity and stability is presented. Nowadays CLEA offers an economic, simple and easy tool to reuse biocatalysts, improving their catalytic properties and stability. This immobilization methodology has been widely and satisfactorily tested with a great variety of enzymes and has demonstrated its potential as a future tool to optimize biocatalytic processes.
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Peirce S, Virgen-Ortíz JJ, Tacias-Pascacio VG, Rueda N, Bartolome-Cabrero R, Fernandez-Lopez L, Russo ME, Marzocchella A, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Development of simple protocols to solve the problems of enzyme coimmobilization. Application to coimmobilize a lipase and a β-galactosidase. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10906c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper shows the coimmobilization of two enzymes using different immobilization strategies suitable for each enzyme and enabling the reuse of the most stable one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Peirce
- Departamento de Biocatálisis
- Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica
| | | | - Veymar G. Tacias-Pascacio
- Departamento de Biocatálisis
- Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos
| | - Nazzoly Rueda
- Departamento de Biocatálisis
- Instituto de Catálisis-CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
- Escuela de Química
| | | | | | - Maria Elena Russo
- Istituto di Ricerche sulla Combustione – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- Napoli
- Italy
| | - Antonio Marzocchella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica
- dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale
- Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
- Italy
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Ricklefs E, Girhard M, Koschorreck K, Smit MS, Urlacher VB. Two-Step One-Pot Synthesis of Pinoresinol from Eugenol in an Enzymatic Cascade. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Muschiol J, Peters C, Oberleitner N, Mihovilovic MD, Bornscheuer UT, Rudroff F. Cascade catalysis – strategies and challenges en route to preparative synthetic biology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5798-811. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08752f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this feature article recent progress and future perspectives of cascade catalysis combining bio/bio or bio/chemo catalysts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Muschiol
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis
- Greifswald University
- 17489 Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Christin Peters
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis
- Greifswald University
- 17489 Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Nikolin Oberleitner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis
- Greifswald University
- 17489 Greifswald
- Germany
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
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