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Svandova E, Vesela B, Janeckova E, Chai Y, Matalova E. Exploring caspase functions in mouse models. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01976-z. [PMID: 38824481 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Caspases are enzymes with protease activity. Despite being known for more than three decades, caspase investigation still yields surprising and fascinating information. Initially associated with cell death and inflammation, their functions have gradually been revealed to extend beyond, targeting pathways such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. These processes are also associated with disease mechanisms, positioning caspases as potential targets for numerous pathologies including inflammatory, neurological, metabolic, or oncological conditions. While in vitro studies play a crucial role in elucidating molecular pathways, they lack the context of the body's complexity. Therefore, laboratory animals are an indispensable part of successfully understanding and applying caspase networks. This paper aims to summarize and discuss recent knowledge, understanding, and challenges in caspase knock-out mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Svandova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetic, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Vesela
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetic, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Janeckova
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Eva Matalova
- Laboratory of Odontogenesis and Osteogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetic, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Rajagopalan K, Selvan Christyraj JD, Chelladurai KS, Kalimuthu K, Das P, Chandrasekar M, Balamurugan N, Murugan K. Understanding the molecular mechanism of regeneration through apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation studies - updates and future aspects. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01958-1. [PMID: 38581530 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
AICP is a crucial process that maintaining tissue homeostasis and regeneration. In the past, cell death was perceived merely as a means to discard cells without functional consequences. However, during regeneration, effector caspases orchestrate apoptosis, releasing signals that activate stem cells, thereby compensating for tissue loss across various animal models. Despite significant progress, the activation of Wnt3a by caspase-3 remains a focal point of research gaps in AICP mechanisms, spanning from lower to higher regenerative animals. This inquiry into the molecular intricacies of caspase-3-induced Wnt3a activation contributes to a deeper understanding of the links between regeneration and cancer mechanisms. Our report provides current updates on AICP pathways, delineating research gaps and highlighting the potential for future investigations aimed at enhancing our comprehension of this intricate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamarajan Rajagopalan
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jackson Durairaj Selvan Christyraj
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Karthikeyan Subbiahanadar Chelladurai
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Puja Das
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Meikandan Chandrasekar
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivedha Balamurugan
- Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Research Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu, India
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3
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Mei W, Mei B, Chang J, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Zhu N, Hu M. Role and regulation of FOXO3a: new insights into breast cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1346745. [PMID: 38505423 PMCID: PMC10949727 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1346745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the world, particularly affecting female cancer patients. Enhancing the therapeutic strategies for breast cancer necessitates identifying molecular drug targets that effectively eliminate tumor cells. One of these prominent targets is the forkhead and O3a class (FOXO3a), a member of the forkhead transcription factor subfamily. FOXO3a plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and drug resistance. It acts as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types, although its specific role in cancer remains unclear. Moreover, FOXO3a shows promise as a potential marker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis in breast cancer patients. In addition, it is actively influenced by common anti-breast cancer drugs like paclitaxel, simvastatin, and gefitinib. In breast cancer, the regulation of FOXO3a involves intricate networks, encompassing post-translational modification post-translational regulation by non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and protein-protein interaction. The specific mechanism of FOXO3a in breast cancer urgently requires further investigation. This review aims to systematically elucidate the role of FOXO3a in breast cancer. Additionally, it reviews the interaction of FOXO3a and its upstream and downstream signaling pathway-related molecules to uncover potential therapeutic drugs and related regulatory factors for breast cancer treatment by regulating FOXO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiu Mei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- Department of Neurology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, China
| | - Bingyin Mei
- Department of Neurology, Ezhou Central Hospital, Ezhou, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Medical School of Facial Features, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ni Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Meichun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Related Diseases and One Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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4
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Stoykova ID, Koycheva IK, Binev BK, Mihaylova LV, Benina MY, Alipieva KI, Georgiev MI. Myconoside and Calceolarioside E Restrain UV-Induced Skin Photoaging by Activating NRF2-Mediated Defense Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2441. [PMID: 38397118 PMCID: PMC10888667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic and excessive ultraviolet (UVA/UVB) irradiation exposure is known as a major contributor to premature skin aging, which leads to excessive reactive oxygen species generation, disturbed extracellular matrix homeostasis, DNA damage, and chronic inflammation. Sunscreen products are the major preventive option against UVR-induced photodamage, mostly counteracting the acute skin effects and only mildly counteracting accelerated aging. Therefore, novel anti-photoaging and photopreventive compounds are a subject of increased scientific interest. Our previous investigations revealed that the endemic plant Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. (HRE) activates the antioxidant defense through an NRF2-mediated mechanism in neutrophiles. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the photoprotective potential of HRE and two of its specialized compounds-the phenylethanoid glycosides myconoside (MYC) and calceolarioside E (CAL)-in UVA/UVB-stimulated human keratinocytes in an in vitro model of photoaging. The obtained data demonstrated that the application of HRE, MYC, and CAL significantly reduced intracellular ROS formation in UVR-exposed HaCaT cells. The NRF2/PGC-1α and TGF-1β/Smad/Wnt signaling pathways were pointed out as having a critical role in the observed CAL- and MYC-induced photoprotective effect. Collectively, CAL is worth further evaluation as a potent natural NRF2 activator and a promising photoprotective agent that leads to the prevention of UVA/UVB-induced premature skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva D. Stoykova
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (L.V.M.)
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka K. Koycheva
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Biser K. Binev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Liliya V. Mihaylova
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (L.V.M.)
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Y. Benina
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (L.V.M.)
| | - Kalina I. Alipieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria (L.V.M.)
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Eskandari E, Negri GL, Tan S, MacAldaz ME, Ding S, Long J, Nielsen K, Spencer SE, Morin GB, Eaves CJ. Dependence of human cell survival and proliferation on the CASP3 prodomain. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:63. [PMID: 38321033 PMCID: PMC10847432 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that regulate cell survival and proliferation are important for both the development and homeostasis of normal tissue, and as well as for the emergence and expansion of malignant cell populations. Caspase-3 (CASP3) has long been recognized for its proteolytic role in orchestrating cell death-initiated pathways and related processes; however, whether CASP3 has other functions in mammalian cells that do not depend on its known catalytic activity have remained unknown. To investigate this possibility, we examined the biological and molecular consequences of reducing CASP3 levels in normal and transformed human cells using lentiviral-mediated short hairpin-based knockdown experiments in combination with approaches designed to test the potential rescue capability of different components of the CASP3 protein. The results showed that a ≥50% reduction in CASP3 levels rapidly and consistently arrested cell cycle progression and survival in all cell types tested. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses and more specific flow cytometric measurements strongly implicated CASP3 as playing an essential role in regulating intracellular protein aggregate clearance. Intriguingly, the rescue experiments utilizing different forms of the CASP3 protein showed its prosurvival function and effective removal of protein aggregates did not require its well-known catalytic capability, and pinpointed the N-terminal prodomain of CASP3 as the exclusive component needed in a diversity of human cell types. These findings identify a new mechanism that regulates human cell survival and proliferation and thus expands the complexity of how these processes can be controlled. The graphical abstract illustrates the critical role of CASP3 for sustained proliferation and survival of human cells through the clearance of protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Eskandari
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gian Luca Negri
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susanna Tan
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Margarita E MacAldaz
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shengsen Ding
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Justin Long
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karina Nielsen
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra E Spencer
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregg B Morin
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Connie J Eaves
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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6
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Su Y, Chen L, Yang J. Network pharmacology and in vitro experiments reveal sophoridine-induced apoptosis and G 1 phase arrest via ROS-dependent PI3K/Akt/FoxO3a pathway activation in human bladder cancer cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14476. [PMID: 38346772 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BLCA), a common primary malignancy, exhibits resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Sophoridine (SR) is a quinoline alkaloid derived from the traditional Chinese herb Sophora alopecuroides L., which belongs to the legume family Sophoraceae. SR is reported to exert growth-inhibitory effects against several cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the growth-inhibitory effects of SR on BLCA have not been elucidated. This study performed molecular and cellular experiments to verify the growth-inhibitory effects of SR on BLCA and the underlying mechanisms. SR inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis and G1-phase arrest through the PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a signaling pathway. More interestingly, the effects of SR can be attributed to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo. ROS may be the upstream factor of this pathway. Additionally, SR inhibited the migration and invasion of BLCA cells in a concentration-dependent or time-dependent manner. This is the first study to demonstrate the ROS-dependent PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a pathway-mediated anticancer effect of SR and the anticancer mechanism of SR in BLCA. The correlation between SR-induced ROS-dependent cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and PI3K/AKT/FoxO3a suggests that SR is a promising novel therapeutic for BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Su
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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7
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Baena-Lopez LA, Wang L, Wendler F. Cellular stress management by caspases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102314. [PMID: 38215516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cellular stress plays a pivotal role in the onset of numerous human diseases. Consequently, the removal of dysfunctional cells, which undergo excessive stress-induced damage via various cell death pathways, including apoptosis, is essential for maintaining organ integrity and function. The evolutionarily conserved family of cysteine-aspartic-proteases, known as caspases, has been a key player in orchestrating apoptosis. However, recent research has unveiled the capability of these enzymes to govern fundamental cellular processes without triggering cell death. Remarkably, some of these non-lethal functions of caspases may contribute to restoring cellular equilibrium in stressed cells. This manuscript discusses how caspases can function as cellular stress managers and their potential impact on human health and disease. Additionally, it sheds light on the limitations of caspase-based therapies, given our still incomplete understanding of the biology of these enzymes, particularly in non-apoptotic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Wang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK
| | - Franz Wendler
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13RE, UK. https://twitter.com/wendlerfranz
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8
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Liao Z, Liu X, Fan D, Sun X, Zhang Z, Wu P. Autophagy-mediated nanomaterials for tumor therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1194524. [PMID: 38192627 PMCID: PMC10773885 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1194524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal self-degradation pathway that plays an important protective role in maintaining intracellular environment. Deregulation of autophagy is related to several diseases, including cancer, infection, neurodegeneration, aging, and heart disease. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in autophagy-mediated nanomaterials for tumor therapy. Firstly, the autophagy signaling pathway for tumor therapy will be reviewed, including oxidative stress, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and autophagy-associated genes pathway. Based on that, many autophagy-mediated nanomaterials have been developed and applied in tumor therapy. According to the different structure of nanomaterials, we will review and evaluate these autophagy-mediated nanomaterials' therapeutic efficacy and potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dianfa Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xingjun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Pan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Smiljanić K, Prodić I, Trifunovic S, Krstić Ristivojević M, Aćimović M, Stanković Jeremić J, Lončar B, Tešević V. Multistep Approach Points to Compounds Responsible for the Biological Activity and Safety of Hydrolates from Nine Lamiaceae Medicinal Plants on Human Skin Fibroblasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1988. [PMID: 38001841 PMCID: PMC10669667 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As byproducts of essential oil distillation, hydrolates are used in natural cosmetics/biomedicine due to their beneficial skin effects. However, data on their safety with relevant biological targets, such as human skin cells, are scarce. Therefore, we have tested nine hydrolates from the Lamiaceae family with skin fibroblasts that are responsible for extracellular collagenous matrix builds. Thyme, oregano, and winter savoury hydrolates showed several times higher total phenolics, which correlated strongly with their radical scavenging and antioxidative capacity; there was no correlation between their viability profiles and the reducing sugar levels. No proteins/peptides were detected. All hydrolates appeared safe for prolonged skin exposure except for 10-fold diluted lavender, which showed cytotoxicity (~20%), as well as rosemary and lavandin (~10%) using viability, DNA synthesis, and cell count testing. Clary sage, oregano, lemon balm, and thyme hydrolates (10-fold diluted) increased fibroblast viability and/or proliferation by 10-30% compared with the control, while their viability remained unaffected by Mentha and winter savoury. In line with the STITCH database, increased viability could be attributed to thymol presence in oregano and thyme hydrolates in lemon balm, which is most likely attributable to neral and geranial. The proliferative effect of clary sage could be supported by alpha-terpineol, not linalool. The major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts were borneol, 1,8-cineole, and terpinene-4-ol. Further research with pure compounds is warranted to confirm the roles of VOCs in the observed effects that are relevant to cosmetic and wound healing aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Smiljanić
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry (UBFC), Studentski Trg 12–16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.R.); (V.T.)
| | - Ivana Prodić
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Vojvode Stepe 458, 11152 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sara Trifunovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Krstić Ristivojević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry (UBFC), Studentski Trg 12–16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.R.); (V.T.)
| | - Milica Aćimović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Jovana Stanković Jeremić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Lončar
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Vele Tešević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry (UBFC), Studentski Trg 12–16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.R.); (V.T.)
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10
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Woo SH, Mo YJ, Lee YI, Park JH, Hwang D, Park TJ, Kang HY, Park SC, Lee YS. ANT2 Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing in Aged Skin by Regulating Energy Homeostasis and Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2295-2310.e17. [PMID: 37211200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An effective healing response is critical to healthy aging. In particular, energy homeostasis has become increasingly recognized as a factor in effective skin regeneration. ANT2 is a mediator of adenosine triphosphate import into mitochondria for energy homeostasis. Although energy homeostasis and mitochondrial integrity are critical for wound healing, the role played by ANT2 in the repair process had not been elucidated to date. In our study, we found that ANT2 expression decreased in aged skin and cellular senescence. Interestingly, overexpression of ANT2 in aged mouse skin accelerated the healing of full-thickness cutaneous wounds. In addition, upregulation of ANT2 in replicative senescent human diploid dermal fibroblasts induced their proliferation and migration, which are critical processes in wound healing. Regarding energy homeostasis, ANT2 overexpression increased the adenosine triphosphate production rate by activating glycolysis and induced mitophagy. Notably, ANT2-mediated upregulation of HSPA6 in aged human diploid dermal fibroblasts downregulated proinflammatory genes that mediate cellular senescence and mitochondrial damage. This study shows a previously uncharacterized physiological role of ANT2 in skin wound healing by regulating cell proliferation, energy homeostasis, and inflammation. Thus, our study links energy metabolism to skin homeostasis and reports, to the best of our knowledge, a previously unreported genetic factor that enhances wound healing in an aging model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwa Woo
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Mo
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Park
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Institution of Inflamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Kang
- Institution of Inflamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea; Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Gregory CD. Hijacking homeostasis: Regulation of the tumor microenvironment by apoptosis. Immunol Rev 2023; 319:100-127. [PMID: 37553811 PMCID: PMC10952466 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancers are genetically driven, rogue tissues which generate dysfunctional, obdurate organs by hijacking normal, homeostatic programs. Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved regulated cell death program and a profoundly important homeostatic mechanism that is common (alongside tumor cell proliferation) in actively growing cancers, as well as in tumors responding to cytotoxic anti-cancer therapies. Although well known for its cell-autonomous tumor-suppressive qualities, apoptosis harbors pro-oncogenic properties which are deployed through non-cell-autonomous mechanisms and which generally remain poorly defined. Here, the roles of apoptosis in tumor biology are reviewed, with particular focus on the secreted and fragmentation products of apoptotic tumor cells and their effects on tumor-associated macrophages, key supportive cells in the aberrant homeostasis of the tumor microenvironment. Historical aspects of cell loss in tumor growth kinetics are considered and the impact (and potential impact) on tumor growth of apoptotic-cell clearance (efferocytosis) as well as released soluble and extracellular vesicle-associated factors are discussed from the perspectives of inflammation, tissue repair, and regeneration programs. An "apoptosis-centric" view is proposed in which dying tumor cells provide an important platform for intricate intercellular communication networks in growing cancers. The perspective has implications for future research and for improving cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Gregory
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchInstitute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarterEdinburghUK
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12
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Salvatori L, Malatesta S, Illi B, Somma MP, Fionda C, Stabile H, Fontanella RA, Gaetano C. Nitric Oxide Prevents Glioblastoma Stem Cells' Expansion and Induces Temozolomide Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11286. [PMID: 37511047 PMCID: PMC10379318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has high mortality and recurrence rates. Malignancy resilience is ascribed to Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs), which are resistant to Temozolomide (TMZ), the gold standard for GBM post-surgical treatment. However, Nitric Oxide (NO) has demonstrated anti-cancer efficacy in GBM cells, but its potential impact on GSCs remains unexplored. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of NO, both alone and in combination with TMZ, on patient-derived GSCs. Experimentally selected concentrations of diethylenetriamine/NO adduct and TMZ were used through a time course up to 21 days of treatment, to evaluate GSC proliferation and death, functional recovery, and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed treatment-induced effects in cell cycle and DNA damage occurrence and repair. Our results showed that NO impairs self-renewal, disrupts cell-cycle progression, and expands the quiescent cells' population. Consistently, NO triggered a significant but tolerated level of DNA damage, but not apoptosis. Interestingly, NO/TMZ cotreatment further inhibited cell cycle progression, augmented G0 cells, induced cell death, but also enhanced DNA damage repair activity. These findings suggest that, although NO administration does not eliminate GSCs, it stunts their proliferation, and makes cells susceptible to TMZ. The resulting cytostatic effect may potentially allow long-term control over the GSCs' subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Salvatori
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Malatesta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Patrizia Somma
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Anna Fontanella
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Laboratorio di Epigenetica, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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Sousa-Ortega A, Vázquez-Marín J, Sanabria-Reinoso E, Corbacho J, Polvillo R, Campoy-López A, Buono L, Loosli F, Almuedo-Castillo M, Martínez-Morales JR. A Yap-dependent mechanoregulatory program sustains cell migration for embryo axis assembly. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2804. [PMID: 37193708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of the embryo's primary axis is a fundamental landmark for the establishment of the vertebrate body plan. Although the morphogenetic movements directing cell convergence towards the midline have been described extensively, little is known on how gastrulating cells interpret mechanical cues. Yap proteins are well-known transcriptional mechanotransducers, yet their role in gastrulation remains elusive. Here we show that the double knockout of yap and its paralog yap1b in medaka results in an axis assembly failure, due to reduced displacement and migratory persistence in mutant cells. Accordingly, we identified genes involved in cytoskeletal organization and cell-ECM adhesion as potentially direct Yap targets. Dynamic analysis of live sensors and downstream targets reveal that Yap is acting in migratory cells, promoting cortical actin and focal adhesions recruitment. Our results indicate that Yap coordinates a mechanoregulatory program to sustain intracellular tension and maintain the directed cell migration for embryo axis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sousa-Ortega
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CSIC/UPO/JA), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge Corbacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CSIC/UPO/JA), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Polvillo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CSIC/UPO/JA), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Lorena Buono
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CSIC/UPO/JA), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Felix Loosli
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems, Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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14
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Del Rosario O, Suresh K, Kallem M, Singh G, Shah A, Zheng L, Yun X, Philip NM, Putcha N, McClure MB, Jiang H, D'Alessio F, Srivastava M, Bera A, Shimoda LA, Merchant M, Rane MJ, Machamer CE, Mock J, Hagan R, Koch AL, Punjabi NM, Kolb TM, Damarla M. MK2 nonenzymatically promotes nuclear translocation of caspase-3 and resultant apoptosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L700-L711. [PMID: 36976920 PMCID: PMC10190840 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00340.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) is required for caspase-3 nuclear translocation in the execution of apoptosis; however, little is known of the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of kinase and nonkinase functions of MK2 in promoting nuclear translocation of caspase-3. We identified two non-small cell lung cancer cell lines for use in these experiments based on low MK2 expression. Wild-type, enzymatic and cellular localization mutant MK2 constructs were expressed using adenoviral infection. Cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, cell lysates were harvested for protein analyses. Phosphorylation of caspase-3 was determined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting and in vitro kinase assay. Association between MK2 and caspase-3 was evaluated using proximity-based biotin ligation assays and co-immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of MK2 resulted in nuclear translocation of caspase-3 and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. MK2 directly phosphorylates caspase-3; however, phosphorylation status of caspase-3 or MK2-dependent phosphorylation of caspase-3 did not alter caspase-3 activity. The enzymatic function of MK2 was dispensable in nuclear translocation of caspase-3. MK2 and caspase-3 associated together and a nonenzymatic function of MK2, chaperoned nuclear trafficking, is required for caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrate a nonenzymatic role for MK2 in the nuclear translocation of caspase-3. Furthermore, MK2 may function as a molecular switch in regulating the transition between the cytosolic and nuclear functions of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othello Del Rosario
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Karthik Suresh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Medha Kallem
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Gayatri Singh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anika Shah
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Linda Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xin Yun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nicolas M Philip
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Marni B McClure
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Franco D'Alessio
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Alakesh Bera
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Madhavi J Rane
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Carolyn E Machamer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jason Mock
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Robert Hagan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Abigail L Koch
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Naresh M Punjabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Todd M Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mahendra Damarla
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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15
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Suresh K, Del Rosario O, Kallem M, Singh G, Shah A, Zheng L, Yun X, Philip NM, Putcha N, McClure MB, Jiang H, D'Alessio F, Srivastava M, Bera A, Shimoda LA, Merchant M, Rane MJ, Machamer CE, Mock J, Hagan R, Koch AL, Punjabi NM, Kolb TM, Damarla M. Tumor MK2 transcript levels are associated with improved response to chemotherapy and patient survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:168-178. [PMID: 36878491 PMCID: PMC10042611 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00155.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) demonstrate intrinsic resistance to cell death, even after chemotherapy. Previous work suggested defective nuclear translocation of active caspase-3 in observed resistance to cell death. We have identified mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2; encoded by the gene MAPKAPK2) is required for caspase-3 nuclear translocation in the execution of apoptosis in endothelial cells. The objective was to determine MK2 expression in NSCLCs and the association between MK2 and clinical outcomes in patients with NSCLC. Clinical and MK2 mRNA data were extracted from two demographically distinct NSCLC clinical cohorts, North American (The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA) and East Asian (EA). Tumor responses following first round of chemotherapy were dichotomized as clinical response (complete response, partial response, and stable disease) or progression of disease. Multivariable survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard ratios and Kaplan-Meier curves. NSCLC exhibited lower MK2 expression than SCLC cell lines. In patients, lower tumor MK2 transcript levels were observed in those presenting with late-stage NSCLC. Higher MK2 expression was associated with clinical response following initial chemotherapy and independently associated with improved 2-yr survival in two distinct cohorts, 0.52 (0.28-0.98) and 0.1 (0.01-0.81), TCGA and EA, respectively, even after adjusting for common oncogenic driver mutations. Survival benefit of higher MK2 expression was unique to lung adenocarcinoma when comparing across various cancers. This study implicates MK2 in apoptosis resistance in NSCLC and suggests prognostic value of MK2 transcript levels in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Suresh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Othello Del Rosario
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Medha Kallem
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Gayatri Singh
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anika Shah
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Linda Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Xin Yun
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nicolas M Philip
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Nirupama Putcha
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Marni B McClure
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Franco D'Alessio
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Alakesh Bera
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Larissa A Shimoda
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Madhavi J Rane
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Carolyn E Machamer
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jason Mock
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Robert Hagan
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Abigail L Koch
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Naresh M Punjabi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Todd M Kolb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mahendra Damarla
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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16
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Danciu OC, Holdhoff M, Peterson RA, Fischer JH, Liu LC, Wang H, Venepalli NK, Chowdhery R, Nicholas MK, Russell MJ, Fan TM, Hergenrother PJ, Tarasow TM, Dudek AZ. Phase I study of procaspase-activating compound-1 (PAC-1) in the treatment of advanced malignancies. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:783-792. [PMID: 36470974 PMCID: PMC9977881 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Procaspase-3 (PC-3) is overexpressed in multiple tumour types and procaspase-activating compound 1 (PAC-1) directly activates PC-3 and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. This report describes the first-in-human, phase I study of PAC-1 assessing maximum tolerated dose, safety, and pharmacokinetics. METHODS Modified-Fibonacci dose-escalation 3 + 3 design was used. PAC-1 was administered orally at 7 dose levels (DL) on days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was assessed during the first two cycles of therapy, and pharmacokinetics analysis was conducted on days 1 and 21 of the first cycle. Neurologic and neurocognitive function (NNCF) tests were performed throughout the study. RESULTS Forty-eight patients were enrolled with 33 completing ≥2 cycles of therapy and evaluable for DLT. DL 7 (750 mg/day) was established as the recommended phase 2 dose, with grade 1 and 2 neurological adverse events noted, while NNCF testing showed stable neurologic and cognitive evaluations. PAC-1's t1/2 was 28.5 h after multi-dosing, and systemic drug exposures achieved predicted therapeutic concentrations. PAC-1 clinical activity was observed in patients with neuroendocrine tumour (NET) with 2/5 patients achieving durable partial response. CONCLUSIONS PAC-1 dose at 750 mg/day was recommended for phase 2 studies. Activity of PAC-1 in treatment-refractory NET warrants further investigation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov: NCT02355535.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana C Danciu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Clinical Trials Office, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Matthias Holdhoff
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - James H Fischer
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li C Liu
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heng Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neeta K Venepalli
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rozina Chowdhery
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Kelly Nicholas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meredith J Russell
- Clinical Trials Office, University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Vanquish Oncology, Inc., Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Vanquish Oncology, Inc., Champaign, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Arkadiusz Z Dudek
- HealthPartners Institute, Regions Cancer Care Center, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Vanquish Oncology, Inc., Champaign, IL, USA
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17
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Parastar H, Farahpour MR, Shokri R, Jafarirad S, Kalantari M. Acceleration in healing of infected full-thickness wound with novel antibacterial γ-AlOOH-based nanocomposites. Prog Biomater 2023; 12:123-136. [PMID: 36598736 PMCID: PMC10154451 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-022-00216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to synthesize γ-AlOOH (bohemite)-based nanocomposites (NCs) of Au/γ-AlOOH-NC and its functionalized derivative using chitosan (Au/γ-AlOOH/Ctn-NC) and with the help of one-step Mentha piperita. The physicochemical characteristics of the NCs were investigated. In addition, biomedical properties, such as antibacterial activity under in vitro and in vivo conditions, and cell viability were assessed. Wound healing activity on infected wounds and histological parameters were assessed. The gene expressions of TNF-α, Capase 3, Bcl-2, Cyclin-D1 and FGF-2 were investigated. The TEM and FESEM images showed the sheet-like structure for bohemite in Au/γ-AlOOH-NC with Au nanoparticles in a range of 14-15 nm. The elemental analysis revealed the presence of carbon, oxygen, aluminum, and Au elements in the as-synthesized Au/γ-AlOOH. The results for toxicity showed that the produced nanocomposites did not show any cytotoxicity. Biomedical studies confirmed that Au/γ-AlOOH-NC and Au/γ-AlOOH/Ctn-NC have anti-bacterial properties and could expedite the wound healing process in infected wounds by an increase in collagen biosynthesis. The administration of ointment containing Au/γ-AlOOH-NC and Au/γ-AlOOH/Ctn-NC decreased the expressions of TNF-α, and increased the expressions of Capase 3, Bcl-2, Cyclin-D1 and FGF-2. The novelty of this study was that bohemite and Au nanoparticles can be used as a dressing to accelerate the wound healing process. In green synthesis of Au/γ-AlOOH-NC, phytochemical compounds of the plant extract are appropriate reagents for stabilization and the production of Au/γ-AlOOH-NC. Therefore, the new bohemite-based NCs can be considered as candidate for treatment of infected wounds after future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilda Parastar
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Farahpour
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Shokri
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saeed Jafarirad
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kalantari
- Department of Microbiology, Biology Research Center, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
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18
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Kaken H, Wang S, Zhao W, Asihaer B, Wang L. P53 Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation Through miR-153-5p/miR-183-5p-X-Linked IAP (XIAP) Signal in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell (BMSC). J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed P53′s role in BMSC osteogenic differentiation. Osteoporosis model was established and P53 expression in the osteogenic differentiation was detected by RT-PCR. BMSC was cultivated and transfected with siRNA followed by measuring presentation of osteogenic differentiation
was detected after cells were. The apoptotic condition of osteogenic differentiation was detected through IF method and protein analysis. The relation between P53 and miR-153-5p/miR-183-5p-XIAP signal axis was detected through bioinformatics and luciferase reporter gene assay. P53 expression
was significantly increased after osteogenic differentiation was induced. There was a binding site between P53 and miR-153-5p/miR-183-5p-XIAP signal axis. The apoptotic ability of osteoblast was enhanced after inhibition of the expression of P53. In conclusion, P53 develops crucial action
on the regulation of BMSC osteogenic differentiation through miR-153-5p/miR-183-5p-XIAP axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habaxi Kaken
- Department of Joint Surgery, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Radiology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, China
| | - Baoerjiang. Asihaer
- Department of Joint Surgery, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830001, China
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19
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Continuous NPWT Regulates Fibrosis in Murine Diabetic Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102125. [PMID: 36297560 PMCID: PMC9611271 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Scarring is associated with significant morbidity. The mechanical signaling factor yes-associated protein (YAP) has been linked to Engrailed-1 (En1)-lineage positive fibroblasts (EPFs), a pro-scarring fibroblast lineage, establishing a connection between mechanotransduction and fibrosis. In this study, we investigate the impact of micromechanical forces exerted through negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on the pathophysiology of fibrosis. Full-thickness excisional dorsal skin wounds were created on diabetic (db/db) mice which were treated with occlusive covering (control) or NPWT (continuous, −125 mmHg, 7 days; NPWT). Analysis was performed on tissue harvested 10 days after wounding. NPWT was associated with increased YAP (p = 0.04) but decreased En1 (p = 0.0001) and CD26 (p < 0.0001). The pro-fibrotic factors Vimentin (p = 0.04), α-SMA (p = 0.04) and HSP47 (p = 0.0008) were decreased with NPWT. Fibronectin was higher (p = 0.01) and collagen deposition lower in the NPWT group (p = 0.02). NPWT increased cellular proliferation (p = 0.002) and decreased apoptosis (p = 0.03). Western blotting demonstrated increased YAP (p = 0.02) and RhoA (p = 0.03) and decreased Caspase-3 (p = 0.03) with NPWT. NPWT uncouples YAP from EPF activation, through downregulation of Caspace-3, a pro-apoptotic factor linked to keloid formation. Mechanotransduction decreases multiple pro-fibrotic factors. Through this multifactorial process, NPWT significantly decreases fibrosis and offers promising potential as a mode to improve scar appearance.
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20
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Hao Y, Romano JD, Moore JH. Knowledge-guided deep learning models of drug toxicity improve interpretation. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 3:100565. [PMID: 36124309 PMCID: PMC9481960 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In drug development, a major reason for attrition is the lack of understanding of cellular mechanisms governing drug toxicity. The black-box nature of conventional classification models has limited their utility in identifying toxicity pathways. Here we developed DTox (deep learning for toxicology), an interpretation framework for knowledge-guided neural networks, which can predict compound response to toxicity assays and infer toxicity pathways of individual compounds. We demonstrate that DTox can achieve the same level of predictive performance as conventional models with a significant improvement in interpretability. Using DTox, we were able to rediscover mechanisms of transcription activation by three nuclear receptors, recapitulate cellular activities induced by aromatase inhibitors and pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonists, and differentiate distinctive mechanisms leading to HepG2 cytotoxicity. Virtual screening by DTox revealed that compounds with predicted cytotoxicity are at higher risk for clinical hepatic phenotypes. In summary, DTox provides a framework for deciphering cellular mechanisms of toxicity in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hao
- Genomics and Computational Biology (GCB) Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph D. Romano
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason H. Moore
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Soffer A, Mahly A, Padmanabhan K, Cohen J, Adir O, Loushi E, Fuchs Y, Williams SE, Luxenburg C. Apoptosis and tissue thinning contribute to symmetric cell division in the developing mouse epidermis in a nonautonomous way. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001756. [PMID: 35969606 PMCID: PMC9410552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic spindle orientation (SO) is a conserved mechanism that governs cell fate and tissue morphogenesis. In the developing epidermis, a balance between self-renewing symmetric divisions and differentiative asymmetric divisions is necessary for normal development. While the cellular machinery that executes SO is well characterized, the extrinsic cues that guide it are poorly understood. Here, we identified the basal cell adhesion molecule (BCAM), a β1 integrin coreceptor, as a novel regulator of epidermal morphogenesis. In utero RNAi-mediated depletion of Bcam in the mouse embryo did not hinder β1 integrin distribution or cell adhesion and polarity. However, Bcam depletion promoted apoptosis, thinning of the epidermis, and symmetric cell division, and the defects were reversed by concomitant overexpression of the apoptosis inhibitor Xiap. Moreover, in mosaic epidermis, depletion of Bcam or Xiap induced symmetric divisions in neighboring wild-type cells. These results identify apoptosis and epidermal architecture as extrinsic cues that guide SO in the developing epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arad Soffer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adnan Mahly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Krishnanand Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jonathan Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Adir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eidan Loushi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Department of Biology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Scott E. Williams
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Biology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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22
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Xu C, Liu Z, Yan C, Xiao J. Application of apoptosis-related genes in a multiomics-related prognostic model study of gastric cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:901200. [PMID: 35991578 PMCID: PMC9389051 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.901200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors in the world, and apoptosis is closely associated with GC. A number of therapeutic methods have been implemented to increase the survival in GC patients, but the outcomes remain unsatisfactory. Apoptosis is a highly conserved form of cell death, but aberrant regulation of the process also leads to a variety of major human diseases. As variations of apoptotic genes may increase susceptibility to gastric cancer. Thus, it is critical to identify novel and potent tools to predict the overall survival (OS) and treatment efficacy of GC. The expression profiles and clinical characteristics of TCGA-STAD and GSE15459 cohorts were downloaded from TCGA and GEO. Apoptotic genes were extracted from the GeneCards database. Apoptosis risk scores were constructed by combining Cox regression and LASSO regression. The GSE15459 and TCGA internal validation sets were used for external validation. Moreover, we explored the relationship between the apoptosis risk score and clinical characteristics, drug sensitivity, tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Finally, we used GSVA to further explore the signaling pathways associated with apoptosis risk. By performing TCGA-STAD differential analysis, we obtained 839 differentially expressed genes, which were then analyzed by Cox regressions and LASSO regression to establish 23 genes associated with apoptosis risk scores. We used the test validation cohort from TCGA-STAD and the GSE15459 dataset for external validation. The AUC values of the ROC curve for 2-, 3-, and 5-years survival were 0.7, 0.71, and 0.71 in the internal validation cohort from TCGA-STAD and 0.77, 0.74, and 0.75 in the GSE15459 dataset, respectively. We constructed a nomogram by combining the apoptosis risk signature and some clinical characteristics from TCGA-STAD. Analysis of apoptosis risk scores and clinical characteristics demonstrated notable differences in apoptosis risk scores between survival status, sex, grade, stage, and T stage. Finally, the apoptosis risk score was correlated with TME characteristics, drug sensitivity, TMB, and TIDE scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Xu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Zilin Liu
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanjing Yan
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanjing Yan, ; Jiangwei Xiao,
| | - Jiangwei Xiao
- Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanjing Yan, ; Jiangwei Xiao,
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23
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Qu Y, He Y, Meng B, Zhang X, Ding J, Kou X, Teng W, Shi S. Apoptotic vesicles inherit SOX2 from pluripotent stem cells to accelerate wound healing by energizing mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2022; 149:258-272. [PMID: 35830925 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Billions of cells undergo apoptosis every day in the human body, resulting in the generation of a large number of apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) to maintain organ and tissue homeostasis. However, the characteristics and function of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived apoVs (PSC-apoVs) are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) produced larger numbers of apoVs than human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) do when induced by staurosporine. In addition to expressing the general apoV markers cleaved caspase 3, Annexin V, calreticulin, ALIX, CD63 and TSG101, ESC-apoVs inherited pluripotent-specific molecules SOX2 from ESCs in a caspase 3-dependent manner. Moreover, ESC-apoVs could promote mouse skin wound healing via transferring SOX2 into skin MSCs via activating Hippo signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings reveal that apoVs are capable of inheriting pluripotent molecules from ESCs to energize adult stem cells, suggesting the potential to use PSC-apoVs for clinical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Apoptotic vesicles (apoVs) are essential to maintain organ and tissue homeostasis. However, the characteristics and function of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived apoVs (PSC-apoVs) are largely unknown. This study showed that PSC-apoVs produced 100 times more apoVs than human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs). Despite expressing the general apoV makers, PSC-apoVs inherited pluripotent-specific molecule SOX2 from PSCs in a caspase 3-dependent manner. Moreover, PSC-apoVs promote mouse skin wound healing via transferring SOX2 into skin MSCs, thus activating Hippo signaling pathway. These findings reveal that apoVs are capable of inheriting pluripotent molecules from PSCs to energize adult stem cells, thus providing a cell-free strategy for clinical applications of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifan He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bowen Meng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Teng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China.
| | - Songtao Shi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, 510055, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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24
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THY1-mediated mechanisms converge to drive YAP activation in skin homeostasis and repair. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1049-1063. [PMID: 35798842 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anchored cells of the basal epidermis constantly undergo proliferation in an overcrowded environment. An important regulator of epidermal proliferation is YAP, which can be controlled by both cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. Here, we report that THY1, a GPI-anchored protein, inhibits epidermal YAP activity through converging molecular mechanisms. THY1 deficiency leads to increased adhesion by activating the integrin-β1-SRC module. Notably, regardless of high cellular densities, the absence of THY1 leads to the dissociation of an adherens junction complex that enables the release and translocation of YAP. Due to increased YAP-dependent proliferation, Thy1-/- mice display enhanced wound repair and hair follicle regeneration. Taken together, our work reveals THY1 as a crucial regulator of cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions that controls YAP activity in skin homeostasis and regeneration.
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25
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Yousefi H, Delavar MR, Piroozian F, Baghi M, Nguyen K, Cheng T, Vittori C, Worthylake D, Alahari SK. Hippo signaling pathway: A comprehensive gene expression profile analysis in breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113144. [PMID: 35623167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women and a major public health concern. The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that serves as a key regulator for a wide variety of biological processes. Hippo signaling has been shown to have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions in various cancers. Core components of the Hippo pathway consist of various kinases and downstream effectors such as YAP/TAZ. In the current report, differential expression of Hippo pathway elements as well as the correlation of Hippo pathway mRNAs with various clinicopathologic characteristics, including molecular subtypes, receptor status, and methylation status, has been investigated in BC using METABRIC and TCGA datasets. In this review, we note deregulation of several Hippo signaling elements in BC patients. Moreover, we see examples of negative correlations between methylation of Hippo genes and mRNA expression. The expression of Hippo genes significantly varies between different receptor subgroups. Because of the clear associations between mRNA expression and methylation status, DNA methylation may be one of the mechanisms that regulate the Hippo pathway in BC cells. Differential expression of Hippo genes among various BC molecular subtypes suggests that Hippo signaling may function differently in different subtypes of BC. Our data also highlights an interesting link between Hippo components' transcription and ER negativity in BC. In conclusion, substantial deregulation of Hippo signaling components suggests an important role of these genes in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yousefi
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mahsa Rostamian Delavar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Masoud Baghi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thomas Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David Worthylake
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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26
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Cheng Y, Mao M, Lu Y. The biology of YAP in programmed cell death. Biomark Res 2022; 10:34. [PMID: 35606801 PMCID: PMC9128211 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, YAP has been shown to be critical in regulating tumor progression. YAP activity can be regulated by many kinase cascade pathways and proteins through phosphorylation and promotion of cytoplasmic localization. Other factors can also affect YAP activity by modulating its binding to different transcription factors (TFs). Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled suicide process present with the scope of eliminating cells unnecessary or detrimental for the proper development of the organism. In some specific states, PCD is activated and facilitates the selective elimination of certain types of tumor cells. As a candidate oncogene correlates with many regulatory factors, YAP can inhibit or induce different forms of PCD, including apoptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis and pyroptosis. Furthermore, YAP may act as a bridge between different forms of PCD, eventually leading to different outcomes regarding tumor development. Researches on YAP and PCD may benefit the future development of novel treatment strategies for some diseases. Therefore, in this review, we provide a general overview of the cellular functions of YAP and the relationship between YAP and PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Misha Mao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
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27
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Wang Y, Khan HM, Zhou C, Liao X, Tang P, Song P, Gui X, Li H, Chen Z, Liu S, Cen Y, Zhang Z, Li Z. Apoptotic cells derived micro/nano-sized extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), products released by cells in multiple biological activities, are currently widely accepted as functional particles and intercellular communicators. From the orthodox perspective, EVs derived from apoptotic cells (apoEVs) are responsible for cell debris clearance, while recent studies have demonstrated that apoEVs participate in tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms and particular functions in tissue regeneration promotion of apoEVs remain ambiguous. Some molecules, such as caspases, active during apoptosis also function in tissue regeneration triggered by apoptosis,. ApoEVs are generated in the process of apoptosis, carrying cell contents to manifest biological effects, and possessing biomarkers to target phagocytes. The regenerative effect of apoEVs might be due to their abilities to facilitate cell proliferation and regulate inflammation. Such regenerative effect has been observed in various tissues, including skin, bone, cardiovascular system, and kidney. Engineered apoEVs are produced to amplify the biological benefits of apoEVs, rendering them optional for drug delivery. Meanwhile, challenges exist in thorough mechanistic exploration and standardization of production. In this review, we discussed the link between apoptosis and regeneration, current comprehension of the origination and investigation strategies of apoEVs, and mechanisms in tissue regeneration by apoEVs and their applications. Challenges and prospects are also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Wang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Haider Mohammed Khan
- Orthopedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu Sichuan, 610041 , China
| | - Changchun Zhou
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xiaoxia Liao
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Pei Tang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Xingyu Gui
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Hairui Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhixing Chen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi’an , Shaanxi, 710032 , China
| | - Ying Cen
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhengyong Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , 610041 , Chengdu , China
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28
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Apoptotic cell-derived micro/nanosized extracellular vesicles in tissue regeneration. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), products released by cells in multiple biological activities, are currently widely accepted as functional particles and intercellular communicators. From the orthodox perspective, EVs derived from apoptotic cells (apoEVs) are responsible for cell debris clearance, while recent studies have demonstrated that apoEVs participate in tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms and particular functions in tissue regeneration promotion of apoEVs remain ambiguous. Some molecules active during apoptosis also function in tissue regeneration triggered by apoptosis, such as caspases. ApoEVs are generated in the process of apoptosis, carrying cell contents to manifest biological effects and possess biomarkers to target phagocytes. The regenerative effect of apoEVs might be due to their abilities to facilitate cell proliferation and regulate inflammation. Such regenerative effect has been observed in various tissues, including skin, bone, cardiovascular system, and kidneys. Engineered apoEVs are produced to amplify the biological benefits of apoEVs, rendering them optional for drug delivery. Meanwhile, challenges exist in thorough mechanistic exploration and standardization of production. In this review, we discussed the link between apoptosis and regeneration, current comprehension of the origination and investigation strategies of apoEVs, and mechanisms in tissue regeneration of apoEVs and their applications. Challenges and prospects are also addressed here.
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29
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Castillo Ferrer C, Berthenet K, Ichim G. Apoptosis - Fueling the oncogenic fire. FEBS J 2021; 288:4445-4463. [PMID: 33179432 PMCID: PMC8451771 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, the most extensively studied form of programmed cell death, is essential for organismal homeostasis. Apoptotic cell death has widely been reported as a tumor suppressor mechanism. However, recent studies have shown that apoptosis exerts noncanonical functions and may paradoxically promote tumor growth and metastasis. The hijacking of apoptosis by cancer cells may arise at different levels, either via the interaction of apoptotic cells with their local or distant microenvironment, or through the abnormal pro-oncogenic roles of the main apoptosis effectors, namely caspases and mitochondria, particularly upon failed apoptosis. In this review, we highlight some of the recently described mechanisms by which apoptosis and these effectors may promote cancer aggressiveness. We believe that a better understanding of the noncanonical roles of apoptosis may be crucial for developing more efficient cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Castillo Ferrer
- Cancer Target and Experimental TherapeuticsInstitute for Advanced BiosciencesINSERM U1209CNRS UMR5309Grenoble Alpes UniversityFrance
- EPHEPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
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30
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Ankawa R, Goldberger N, Yosefzon Y, Koren E, Yusupova M, Rosner D, Feldman A, Baror-Sebban S, Buganim Y, Simon DJ, Tessier-Lavigne M, Fuchs Y. Apoptotic cells represent a dynamic stem cell niche governing proliferation and tissue regeneration. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1900-1916.e5. [PMID: 34197726 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) play a key role in homeostasis and repair. While many studies have focused on SC self-renewal and differentiation, little is known regarding the molecular mechanism regulating SC elimination and compensation upon loss. Here, we report that Caspase-9 deletion in hair follicle SCs (HFSCs) attenuates the apoptotic cascade, resulting in significant temporal delays. Surprisingly, Casp9-deficient HFSCs accumulate high levels of cleaved caspase-3 and are improperly cleared due to an essential caspase-3/caspase-9 feedforward loop. These SCs are retained in an apoptotic-engaged state, serving as mitogenic signaling centers by continuously releasing Wnt3 and instructing proliferation. Investigating the underlying mechanism, we reveal a caspase-3/Dusp8/p38 module responsible for Wnt3 induction, which operates in both normal and Casp9-deleted HFSCs. Notably, Casp9-deleted mice display accelerated wound repair and de novo hair follicle regeneration. Taken together, we demonstrate that apoptotic cells represent a dynamic SC niche, from which emanating signals drive SC proliferation and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Ankawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nitzan Goldberger
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marianna Yusupova
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Rosner
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alona Feldman
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shulamit Baror-Sebban
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David J Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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31
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The effect of melatonin on Hippo signaling pathway in dental pulp stem cells. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105079. [PMID: 34048846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have a high capacity to differentiate into the neuronal cell lineage. Meanwhile, both Hippo signaling and melatonin are key regulators in neuronal differentiation of neuronal progenitor cells. Recently emerging evidences suggest the possible interaction between melatonin and Hippo signaling in different cell lines. But underlying mechanisms involved in the initiation or progression of neurogenic differentiation in DPSCs through this connection need to be explored. Therefore, the scope of this study is to investigate the effect of melatonin on Hippo signaling pathway through the expression of its downstream effector (YAP/p-YAPY357) after the neuronal differentiation of DPSCs. In regard with this, DPSCs were incubated with growth and dopaminergic neuronal differentiation medium with or without melatonin (10 μM) for 21 days. The morphological changes were followed by phase contrast microscopy and differentiation of DPSCs was evaluated by immunofluorescence labelling with NeuN, GFAP, and tyrosine hydroxylase. Furthermore, we evaluated the presence of neural progenitor cells by nestin immunoreactivity. Hippo signaling pathway was investigated by evaluating the immunoreactivity of YAP and p-YAPY357. Our results were also supported by western-blot analysis and SOX2, PCNA and caspase-3 were also evaluated. The positive immunoreactivity for NeuN, tyrosine hydroxylase and negative immunoreactivity for GFAP showed the successful differentiation of DPSCs to neurons, not glial cells. Melatonin addition to dopaminergic media induced tyrosine hydroxylase and decreased significantly nestin expression. The expressions of PCNA and caspase-3 were also decreased significantly with melatonin addition into growth media. Melatonin treatment induced phosphorylation of YAPY357 and reduced YAP expression. In conclusion, melatonin has potential to induce neuronal differentiation and reduce the proliferation of DPSCs by increasing phosphorylation of YAPY357 and eliminating the activity of YAP, which indicates the active state of Hippo signaling pathway.
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Shi F, He Y, Chen Y, Yin X, Sha X, Wang Y. Comparative Analysis of Multiple Neurodegenerative Diseases Based on Advanced Epigenetic Aging Brain. Front Genet 2021; 12:657636. [PMID: 34093653 PMCID: PMC8173158 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.657636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurodegenerative Diseases (NDs) are age-dependent and include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and so on. There have been numerous studies showing that accelerated aging is closely related (even the driver of) ND, thus promoting imbalances in cellular homeostasis. However, the mechanisms of how different ND types are related/triggered by advanced aging are still unclear. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the potential markers/mechanisms of different ND types based on aging acceleration at a system level. Methods: AD, PD, PSP, FTD, and aging markers were identified by supervised machine learning methods. The aging acceleration differential networks were constructed based on the aging score. Both the enrichment analysis and sensitivity analysis were carried out to investigate both common and specific mechanisms among different ND types in the context of aging acceleration. Results: The extracellular fluid, cellular metabolisms, and inflammatory response were identified as the common driving factors of cellular homeostasis imbalances during the accelerated aging process. In addition, Ca ion imbalance, abnormal protein depositions, DNA damage, and cytoplasmic DNA in macrophages were also revealed to be special mechanisms that further promote AD, PD, PSP, and FTD, respectively. Conclusion: The accelerated epigenetic aging mechanisms of different ND types were integrated and compared through our computational pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feitong Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yudan He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinman Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianzheng Sha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Koren E, Fuchs Y. Modes of Regulated Cell Death in Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:245-265. [PMID: 33462123 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell suicide pathways, termed regulated cell death (RCD), play a critical role in organismal development, homeostasis, and pathogenesis. Here, we provide an overview of key RCD modalities, namely apoptosis, entosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. We explore how various RCD modules serve as a defense mechanism against the emergence of cancer as well as the manner in which they can be exploited to drive oncogenesis. Furthermore, we outline current therapeutic agents that activate RCD and consider novel RCD-based strategies for tumor elimination. SIGNIFICANCE: A variety of antitumor therapeutics eliminate cancer cells by harnessing the devastating potential of cellular suicide pathways, emphasizing the critical importance of RCD in battling cancer. This review supplies a mechanistic perspective of distinct RCD modalities and explores the important role they play in tumorigenesis. We discuss how RCD modules serve as a double-edged sword as well as novel approaches aimed at selectively manipulating RCD for tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences and Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Kabigting JET, Toyama Y. Interplay between caspase, Yes-associated protein, and mechanics: A possible switch between life and death? Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 67:141-146. [PMID: 33189987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Organism development requires fine-tuning of the cell number by apoptosis and cell division, as well as proper cell fate specification. These processes are achieved through the integration of intracellular signals and intercellular interactions with neighboring cells as well as the extracellular environment. Apoptosis, a form of cell death typically associated with development and homeostasis, is mainly regulated by the caspase family of proteases. Although caspases are known to initiate and execute apoptosis, it is also known that low caspase levels have a broad spectrum of nonapoptotic functions, including differentiation and organ growth. These different roles of caspases raise intriguing questions: how are caspase levels regulated and what defines the balance between life and death? In this review, we focus on some recent findings that highlight how nonlethal levels of caspase activity, transcriptional coregulator Yes-associated protein (YAP), and mechanical factors influence each other in determining cell fate. We further discuss a possibility that the mechanical signals encountered by cells could regulate the level of caspase activity by mechanics through YAP and, in turn, how this determines whether a cell is susceptible or resistant to undergoing apoptosis in response to cell death stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Toyama
- Mechanobiology Institute, Level 5, T-lab Building, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543.
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35
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Essential Oil and Juice from Bergamot and Sweet Orange Improve Acne Vulgaris Caused by Excessive Androgen Secretion. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8868107. [PMID: 33082712 PMCID: PMC7559496 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8868107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Bergamot and sweet orange are rich in nutritional and functional components, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of bergamot and sweet orange (juice and essential oil) on acne vulgaris caused by excessive secretion of androgen. Eighty male golden hamsters were randomly divided into 10 groups and received low or high dose of bergamot and sweet orange juice and essential oil, physiological saline, and positive drugs for four weeks, respectively. Results showed that all interventions could improve acne vulgaris by reducing the growth rate of sebaceous gland spots, inhibiting TG accumulation, decreasing the release of inflammatory cytokines (notably reducing IL-1α levels), promoting apoptosis in the sebaceous gland, and decreasing the ratio of T/E2. Among them, bergamot and orange essential oil may have better effects (dose dependent) on alleviating acne vulgaris than the corresponding juice. In view of the large population of acne patients and the widespread use of sweet orange and bergamot, this study is likely to exert an extensive and far-reaching influence.
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36
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Shahar N, Larisch S. Inhibiting the inhibitors: Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins in cancer and therapy resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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González-Mariscal L, Miranda J, Gallego-Gutiérrez H, Cano-Cortina M, Amaya E. Relationship between apical junction proteins, gene expression and cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183278. [PMID: 32240623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The apical junctional complex (AJC) is a cell-cell adhesion system present at the upper portion of the lateral membrane of epithelial cells integrated by the tight junction (TJ) and the adherens junction (AJ). This complex is crucial to initiate and stabilize cell-cell adhesion, to regulate the paracellular transit of ions and molecules and to maintain cell polarity. Moreover, we now consider the AJC as a hub of signal transduction that regulates cell-cell adhesion, gene transcription and cell proliferation and differentiation. The molecular components of the AJC are multiple and diverse and depending on the cellular context some of the proteins in this complex act as tumor suppressors or as promoters of cell transformation, migration and metastasis outgrowth. Here, we describe these new roles played by TJ and AJ proteins and their potential use in cancer diagnostics and as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Jael Miranda
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Helios Gallego-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Misael Cano-Cortina
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elida Amaya
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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38
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Xia M, Chen Y, He Y, Li H, Li W. Activation of the RhoA-YAP-β-catenin signaling axis promotes the expansion of inner ear progenitor cells in 3D culture. Stem Cells 2020; 38:860-874. [PMID: 32159914 PMCID: PMC7383802 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular mechanotransduction plays an essential role in the development and differentiation of many cell types, but if and how mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence the fate determination of inner ear progenitor cells (IEPCs) remains largely unknown. In the current study, we compared the biological behavior of IEPCs in Matrigel-based suspension and encapsulated culture systems, and we found that the mechanical cues from the ECM promote the survival and expansion of IEPCs. Furthermore, we found that the mechanical cues from the ECM induced the accumulation of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and caused the polymerization of actin cytoskeleton in IEPCs. These changes in turn resulted in increased Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization and enhanced expansion of IEPCs, at least partially through upregulating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. We therefore provide the first demonstration that the RhoA-YAP-β-catenin signaling axis senses and transduces mechanical cues from the ECM and plays crucial roles in promoting the expansion of IEPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Xia
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzi He
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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39
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Clayton RW, Langan EA, Ansell DM, de Vos IJHM, Göbel K, Schneider MR, Picardo M, Lim X, van Steensel MAM, Paus R. Neuroendocrinology and neurobiology of sebaceous glands. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:592-624. [PMID: 31970855 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system communicates with peripheral tissues through nerve fibres and the systemic release of hypothalamic and pituitary neurohormones. Communication between the nervous system and the largest human organ, skin, has traditionally received little attention. In particular, the neuro-regulation of sebaceous glands (SGs), a major skin appendage, is rarely considered. Yet, it is clear that the SG is under stringent pituitary control, and forms a fascinating, clinically relevant peripheral target organ in which to study the neuroendocrine and neural regulation of epithelia. Sebum, the major secretory product of the SG, is composed of a complex mixture of lipids resulting from the holocrine secretion of specialised epithelial cells (sebocytes). It is indicative of a role of the neuroendocrine system in SG function that excess circulating levels of growth hormone, thyroxine or prolactin result in increased sebum production (seborrhoea). Conversely, growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency result in reduced sebum production and dry skin. Furthermore, the androgen sensitivity of SGs appears to be under neuroendocrine control, as hypophysectomy (removal of the pituitary) renders SGs largely insensitive to stimulation by testosterone, which is crucial for maintaining SG homeostasis. However, several neurohormones, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, can stimulate sebum production independently of either the testes or the adrenal glands, further underscoring the importance of neuroendocrine control in SG biology. Moreover, sebocytes synthesise several neurohormones and express their receptors, suggestive of the presence of neuro-autocrine mechanisms of sebocyte modulation. Aside from the neuroendocrine system, it is conceivable that secretion of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters from cutaneous nerve endings may also act on sebocytes or their progenitors, given that the skin is richly innervated. However, to date, the neural controls of SG development and function remain poorly investigated and incompletely understood. Botulinum toxin-mediated or facial paresis-associated reduction of human sebum secretion suggests that cutaneous nerve-derived substances modulate lipid and inflammatory cytokine synthesis by sebocytes, possibly implicating the nervous system in acne pathogenesis. Additionally, evidence suggests that cutaneous denervation in mice alters the expression of key regulators of SG homeostasis. In this review, we examine the current evidence regarding neuroendocrine and neurobiological regulation of human SG function in physiology and pathology. We further call attention to this line of research as an instructive model for probing and therapeutically manipulating the mechanistic links between the nervous system and mammalian skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Clayton
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore
| | - Ewan A Langan
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Department of Dermatology, Allergology und Venereology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - David M Ansell
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Ivo J H M de Vos
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore
| | - Klaus Göbel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore.,Department of Dermatology, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, The University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Marlon R Schneider
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Centre of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, 00144, Italy
| | - Xinhong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Maurice A M van Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 11 Mandalay Road, #17-01 Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, U.K.,Dr. Phllip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, RMSB 2023A, Miami, FL, 33136, U.S.A.,Monasterium Laboratory, Mendelstraße 17, Münster, 48149, Germany
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Boudreau MW, Peh J, Hergenrother PJ. Procaspase-3 Overexpression in Cancer: A Paradoxical Observation with Therapeutic Potential. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2335-2348. [PMID: 31260254 PMCID: PMC6858495 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many anticancer strategies rely on the promotion of apoptosis in cancer cells as a means to shrink tumors. Crucial for apoptotic function are executioner caspases, most notably caspase-3, that proteolyze a variety of proteins, inducing cell death. Paradoxically, overexpression of procaspase-3 (PC-3), the low-activity zymogen precursor to caspase-3, has been reported in a variety of cancer types. Until recently, this counterintuitive overexpression of a pro-apoptotic protein in cancer has been puzzling. Recent studies suggest subapoptotic caspase-3 activity may promote oncogenic transformation, a possible explanation for the enigmatic overexpression of PC-3. Herein, the overexpression of PC-3 in cancer and its mechanistic basis is reviewed; collectively, the data suggest the potential for exploitation of PC-3 overexpression with PC-3 activators as a targeted anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Jessie Peh
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Paul J. Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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Bernard A, Chevrier S, Beltjens F, Dosset M, Viltard E, Lagrange A, Derangère V, Oudot A, Ghiringhelli F, Collin B, Apetoh L, Feron O, Chen S, Arnould L, Végran F, Boidot R. Cleaved Caspase-3 Transcriptionally Regulates Angiogenesis-Promoting Chemotherapy Resistance. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5958-5970. [PMID: 31611309 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are well known for their role in apoptosis. Recently, nonapoptotic roles of caspases have been identified, however, these noncanonical roles are not well documented and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here, we studied the role of cleaved caspase-3 using human- and mouse-proficient caspase-3 cancer cell lines and human-deficient caspase-3 cancer cells. Cleaved caspase-3 functioned as a transcription factor and directly bound to DNA. A DNA-binding domain was identified in the small subunit of caspase-3 and an active conformation was essential for caspase-3 transcriptional activity. Caspase-3 DNA binding enhanced angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of proangiogenic genes and by activating pathways that promoted endothelial cell activation. Some proapoptotic genes were downregulated in caspase-3-proficient cells. Inhibiting caspase-3 increased the efficacy of chemotherapy and decreased spontaneous tumor development. These data highlight a novel nonapoptotic role of caspase-3 and suggest that cleaved caspase-3 could be a new therapeutic target in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings report a noncanonical function of caspase-3 by demonstrating its ability to transcriptionally regulate the VEGFR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandy Chevrier
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Beltjens
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Valentin Derangère
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandra Oudot
- Preclinical Imaging Platform-Nuclear Medicine Department, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- Preclinical Imaging Platform-Nuclear Medicine Department, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | | | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Suzie Chen
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Laurent Arnould
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique Végran
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Boidot
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France. .,Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
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Dronc-independent basal executioner caspase activity sustains Drosophila imaginal tissue growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:20539-20544. [PMID: 31548372 PMCID: PMC6789915 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904647116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase is the enzyme involved in cell death, and its activation via the apoptosome is thought to represent irreversible cellular destruction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests increasingly diverse functions of caspase beyond apoptosis. Here, using Drosophila wing as a model, we reveal that the specific executioner caspases, Dcp-1 and Decay, promote, rather than suppress by inducing apoptosis, tissue growth. These executioner caspases act independently of initiator caspase Dronc and apoptosis. We further show that the caspase-mediated cleavage of Acinus is important for sustaining tissue growth. Our research highlights the importance of executioner caspase-mediated basal proteolytic cleavage of substrates during tissue growth, and the findings hint at the original function of caspase—not apoptosis, but basal proteolytic cleavages for cell vigor. Caspase is best known as an enzyme involved in programmed cell death, which is conserved among multicellular organisms. In addition to its role in cell death, caspase is emerging as an indispensable enzyme in a wide range of cellular functions, which have recently been termed caspase-dependent nonlethal cellular processes (CDPs). In this study, we examined the involvement of cell death signaling in tissue-size determination using Drosophila wing as a model. We found that the Drosophila executioner caspases Dcp-1 and Decay, but not Drice, promoted wing growth independently of apoptosis. Most of the reports on CDPs argue the importance of the spatiotemporal regulation of the initiator caspase, Dronc; however, this sublethal caspase function was independent of Dronc, suggesting a more diverse array of CDP regulatory mechanisms. Tagging of TurboID, an improved promiscuous biotin ligase that biotinylates neighboring proteins, to the C terminus of caspases revealed the differences among the neighbors of executioner caspases. Furthermore, we found that the cleavage of Acinus, a substrate of the executioner caspase, was important in promoting wing growth. These results demonstrate the importance of executioner caspase-mediated basal proteolytic cleavage of substrates in sustaining tissue growth. Given the existence of caspase-like DEVDase activity in a unicellular alga, our results likely highlight the original function of caspase—not cell death, but basal proteolytic cleavages for cell vigor.
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43
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Codispoti B, Makeeva I, Sied J, Benincasa C, Scacco S, Tatullo M. Should we reconsider the apoptosis as a strategic player in tissue regeneration? Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2029-2036. [PMID: 31592227 PMCID: PMC6775292 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.36362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a central role in organs development and homeostasis. Impaired regulation of this process is often associated with the onset of several human diseases, such as developmental disorders and cancer. The last scientific investigations have discovered interesting connections between apoptosis, stem cells, tissue regeneration and cancer. The role of "programmed cell death" in stem cells and tissue engineering is extremely promising; in fact, it holds great potential for regenerative purposes. However, several questions still remain unsolved: do we really know all the main molecular actors able to switch ON/OFF the apoptosis? Is it possible to modulate these players, to obtain a predictable regeneration of tissues and organs? But primarily: should we reconsider the apoptosis as a strategic player in tissue regeneration? In this topical review, we have carefully examined the most recent discoveries about the role of apoptosis in stem cells and, specifically, in mesenchymal stem cells. The pivotal molecules involved in the activation and inhibition of the apoptotic pathways will be carefully described, with the aim to shed an overall light on the complex scenario of stem cell life and death, and on a novel strategy for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Codispoti
- Marrelli Health, Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
| | - Irina Makeeva
- Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jamal Sied
- Advanced Technology Dental Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdul Aziz University, KSA and Director of CODE-M, Center of Dental Education and Medicine, Pakistan
| | - Caterina Benincasa
- Marrelli Health, Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy
| | - Salvatore Scacco
- Dept. of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Tatullo
- Marrelli Health, Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Street E. Fermi, Crotone, Italy.,Department of Therapeutic Dentistry, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Feldman A, Mukha D, Maor II, Sedov E, Koren E, Yosefzon Y, Shlomi T, Fuchs Y. Blimp1 + cells generate functional mouse sebaceous gland organoids in vitro. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2348. [PMID: 31138796 PMCID: PMC6538623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies on the skin focus primarily on the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis, whereas little is known regarding the homeostasis of the sebaceous gland (SG). The SG has been proposed to be replenished by different pools of hair follicle stem cells and cells that resides in the SG base, marked by Blimp1. Here, we demonstrate that single Blimp1+ cells isolated from mice have the potential to generate SG organoids in vitro. Mimicking SG homeostasis, the outer layer of these organoids is composed of proliferating cells that migrate inward, undergo terminal differentiation and generating lipid-filled sebocytes. Performing confocal microscopy and mass-spectrometry, we report that these organoids exhibit known markers and a lipidomic profile similar to SGs in vivo. Furthermore, we identify a role for c-Myc in sebocyte proliferation and differentiation, and determine that SG organoids can serve as a platform for studying initial stages of acne vulgaris, making this a useful platform to identify potential therapeutic targets. The sebaceous gland (SG) has been proposed to be replenished by pools of cells, including a population in the SG base, marked by Blimp1. Here, the authors show that Blimp1+ cells can establish an organoid model of the SG, which is regulated by c-Myc and can recapitulate the early stages of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona Feldman
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dzmitry Mukha
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Computer Science, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itzhak I Maor
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Egor Sedov
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elle Koren
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tomer Shlomi
- Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Computer Science, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel. .,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel. .,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
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Caspase-8-dependent control of NK- and T cell responses during cytomegalovirus infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:555-571. [PMID: 31098689 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-8 (CASP8) impacts antiviral immunity in expected as well as unexpected ways. Mice with combined deficiency in CASP8 and RIPK3 cannot support extrinsic apoptosis or RIPK3-dependent programmed necrosis, enabling studies of CASP8 function without complications of unleashed necroptosis. These extrinsic cell death pathways are naturally targeted by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-encoded cell death suppressors, showing they are key to cell-autonomous host defense. Remarkably, Casp8-/-Ripk3-/-, Ripk1-/-Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- and Casp8-/-Ripk3K51A/K51A mice mount robust antiviral T cell responses to control MCMV infection. Studies in Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice show that CASP8 restrains expansion of MCMV-specific natural killer (NK) and CD8 T cells without compromising contraction or immune memory. Infected Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- or Casp8-/-Ripk3K51A/K51A mice have higher levels of virus-specific NK cells and CD8 T cells compared to matched RIPK3-deficient littermates or WT mice. CASP8, likely acting downstream of Fas death receptor, dampens proliferation of CD8 T cells during expansion. Importantly, contraction proceeds unimpaired in the absence of extrinsic death pathways owing to intact Bim-dependent (intrinsic) apoptosis. CD8 T cell memory develops in Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice, but memory inflation characteristic of MCMV infection is not sustained in the absence of CASP8 function. Despite this, Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice are immune to secondary challenge. Interferon (IFN)γ is recognized as a key cytokine for adaptive immune control of MCMV. Ifngr-/-Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice exhibit increased lifelong persistence in salivary glands as well as lungs compared to Ifngr-/- and Casp8-/-Ripk3-/- mice. Thus, mice deficient in CASP8 and RIPK3 are more dependent on IFNγ mechanisms for sustained T cell immune control of MCMV. Overall, appropriate NK- and T cell immunity to MCMV is dependent on host CASP8 function independent of RIPK3-regulated pathways.
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Clayton R, Göbel K, Niessen C, Paus R, Steensel M, Lim X. Homeostasis of the sebaceous gland and mechanisms of acne pathogenesis. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:677-690. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.W. Clayton
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester U.K
| | - K. Göbel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Department of Dermatology Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne The University of Cologne Germany
| | - C.M. Niessen
- Department of Dermatology Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne The University of Cologne Germany
| | - R. Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester U.K
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL U.S.A
| | - M.A.M. Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - X. Lim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore
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Rognoni E, Walko G. The Roles of YAP/TAZ and the Hippo Pathway in Healthy and Diseased Skin. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050411. [PMID: 31058846 PMCID: PMC6562585 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body. Its architecture and physiological functions depend on diverse populations of epidermal cells and dermal fibroblasts. Reciprocal communication between the epidermis and dermis plays a key role in skin development, homeostasis and repair. While several stem cell populations have been identified in the epidermis with distinct locations and functions, there is additional heterogeneity within the mesenchymal cells of the dermis. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of how the Hippo pathway and its downstream effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) contribute to the maintenance, activation and coordination of the epidermal and dermal cell populations during development, homeostasis, wound healing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Rognoni
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Gernot Walko
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry & Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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Rosner A, Kravchenko O, Rinkevich B. IAP genes partake weighty roles in the astogeny and whole body regeneration in the colonial urochordate Botryllus schlosseri. Dev Biol 2018; 448:320-341. [PMID: 30385275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of Apoptosis Protein (IAP) genes participate in processes like apoptosis, proliferation, innate immunity, inflammation, cell motility, differentiation and in malignancies. Here we reveal 25 IAP genes in the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri's genome and their functions in two developmental biology phenomena, a new mode of whole body regeneration (WBR) induced by budectomy, and blastogenesis, the four-staged cycles of botryllid ascidian astogeny. IAP genes that were specifically upregulated during these developmental phenomena were identified, and protein expression patterns of one of these genes, IAP28, were followed. Most of the IAP genes upregulation recorded at blastogenetic stages C/D was in concert with the upregulation at 100 μM H2O2 apoptotic-induced treatment and in parallel to expressions of AIF1, Bax, Mcl1, caspase 2 and two orthologues of caspase 7. Wnt agonist altered the takeover duration along with reduced IAP expressions, and displacement of IAP28+ phagocytes. WBR was initiated solely at blastogenetic stage D, where zooidal absorption was attenuated and regeneration centers were formed either from remains of partially absorbed zooids or from deformed ampullae. Subsequently, bud-bearing zooids developed, in concert with a massive IAP28-dependent phagocytic wave that eliminated the old zooids, then proceeded with the establishment of morphologically normal-looking colonies. IAP4, IAP14 and IAP28 were also involved in WBR, in conjunction with the expression of the pro-survival PI3K-Akt pathway. IAPs function deregulation by Smac mimetics resulted in severe morphological damages, attenuation in bud growth and differentiation, and in destabilization of colonial coordination. Longtime knockdown of IAP functions prior to the budectomy, resulted in colonial death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic&Limnological Research Institute, Tel Shikmona, P.O.B. 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel.
| | - Olha Kravchenko
- Israel Oceanographic&Limnological Research Institute, Tel Shikmona, P.O.B. 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel; National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Heroiv Oborony, Str 17, building 2, of 45, Kyiv 03041, Ukraine
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic&Limnological Research Institute, Tel Shikmona, P.O.B. 8030, Haifa 31080, Israel
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Yosefzon Y, Fuchs Y. Exiting the dark side: A vital role for Caspase-3 in Yap signaling. Mol Cell Oncol 2018; 5:e1494947. [PMID: 30250929 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2018.1494947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-3 is known to play a critical function in the process of apoptosis. Recently, we have discovered a non-apoptotic role of Caspase-3 as a key regulator of cell proliferation and organ size. Caspase-3 cleaves α-Catenin, which sequesters Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1) in the cytoplasm, thus facilitating the activation and nuclear translocation of Yap1. These findings reveal that the apoptotic machinery can be refocused to regulate cell proliferation and organ size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahav Yosefzon
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaron Fuchs
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology.,Lorry Lokey Interdisciplinary Center for Life Sciences & Engineering.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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