1
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O'Brien RM, Meltzer S, Buckley CE, Heeran AB, Nugent TS, Donlon NE, Reynolds JV, Ree AH, Redalen KR, Hafeez A, O'Ríordáin DS, Hannon RA, Neary P, Kalbassi R, Mehigan BJ, McCormick PH, Dunne C, Kelly ME, Larkin JO, O'Sullivan J, Lysaght J, Lynam-Lennon N. Complement is increased in treatment resistant rectal cancer and modulates radioresistance. Cancer Lett 2024:217253. [PMID: 39278399 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (neo-CRT) is a significant clinical problem in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Identification of novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers predicting therapeutic response is required to improve patient outcomes. Increasing evidence supports a role for the complement system in resistance to anti-cancer therapy. In this study, increased expression of complement effectors C3 and C5 and increased production of anaphylatoxins, C3a and C5a, was observed in radioresistant rectal cancer cells. Modulation of the central complement effector, C3, was demonstrated to functionally alter the radioresponse, with C3 overexpression significantly enhancing radioresistance, whilst C3 inhibition significantly increased sensitivity to a clinically-relevant dose of radiation. Inhibition of C3 was demonstrated to increase DNA damage and alter cell cycle distribution, mediating a shift towards a radiosensitive cell cycle phenotype suggesting a role for C3 in reprogramming of the tumoural radioresponse. Expression of the complement effectors C3 and C5 was significantly increased in human rectal tumour tissue, as was expression of CFB, a component of the alternative pathway of activation. Elevated levels of C3a and C5b-9 in pre-treatment sera from rectal cancer patients was associated with subsequent poor responses to neo-CRT and poorer survival. Together these data demonstrate a role for complement in the radioresistance of rectal cancer and identify key complement components as potential biomarkers predicting response to neo-CRT and outcome in rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M O'Brien
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sebastian Meltzer
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Croí E Buckley
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aisling B Heeran
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Timothy S Nugent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Surgery, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Anne Hansen Ree
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kathrine Røe Redalen
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Adnan Hafeez
- Department of Surgery, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | | | - Paul Neary
- Department of Surgery, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Reza Kalbassi
- Department of Surgery, Beacon Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Brian J Mehigan
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Paul H McCormick
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Cara Dunne
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Michael E Kelly
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - John O Larkin
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Gastrointestinal Medicine and Surgery (GEMS) Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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2
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Chen Y, Wu J, Zhai L, Zhang T, Yin H, Gao H, Zhao F, Wang Z, Yang X, Jin M, Huang B, Ding X, Li R, Yang J, He Y, Wang Q, Wang W, Kloeber JA, Li Y, Hao B, Zhang Y, Wang J, Tan M, Li K, Wang P, Lou Z, Yuan J. Metabolic regulation of homologous recombination repair by MRE11 lactylation. Cell 2024; 187:294-311.e21. [PMID: 38128537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Lactylation is a lactate-induced post-translational modification best known for its roles in epigenetic regulation. Herein, we demonstrate that MRE11, a crucial homologous recombination (HR) protein, is lactylated at K673 by the CBP acetyltransferase in response to DNA damage and dependent on ATM phosphorylation of the latter. MRE11 lactylation promotes its binding to DNA, facilitating DNA end resection and HR. Inhibition of CBP or LDH downregulated MRE11 lactylation, impaired HR, and enhanced chemosensitivity of tumor cells in patient-derived xenograft and organoid models. A cell-penetrating peptide that specifically blocks MRE11 lactylation inhibited HR and sensitized cancer cells to cisplatin and PARPi. These findings unveil lactylation as a key regulator of HR, providing fresh insights into the ways in which cellular metabolism is linked to DSB repair. They also imply that the Warburg effect can confer chemoresistance through enhancing HR and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy of targeting MRE11 lactylation to mitigate the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jinhuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Linhui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422001, China
| | - Huanyao Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaoning Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Mingpeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Bingsong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yiming He
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yunxuan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Bingbing Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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3
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Wu M, Jin MM, Cao XH, Zhao L, Li YH. Silencing TRIM29 Sensitizes Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Anlotinib by Promoting Apoptosis via Binding RAD50. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:445-454. [PMID: 37644752 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230829143148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have proposed that the transcriptional regulatory factor tripartite motif containing 29 (TRIM29) is involved in carcinogenesis via binding with nucleic acid. TRIM29 is confirmed to be highly expressed when the cancer cells acquire therapy-resistant properties. We noticed that TRIM29 levels were significantly increased in anlotinib-resistant NCIH1975 (NCI-H1975/AR) cells via mining data information from gene expression omnibus (GEO) gene microarray (GSE142031; log2 fold change > 1, p < 0.05). OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to investigate the function of TRIM29 on the resistance to anlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, including NCI-H1975 and A549 cells. METHODS Real-time RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect TRIM29 expression in anlotinib- resistant NSCLC (NSCLC/AR) cells. Apoptosis were determined through flow cytometry, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining as well as western blot. ELISA was used to measure the content of C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1. Co-Immunoprecipitation assay was performed to verify the interaction between TRIM29 and RAD50 double-strand break repair protein (RAD50). RESULTS TRIM29 expression was shown to be elevated in the cytoplasm and nucleus of NSCLC/ AR cells compared to normal NSCLC cells. Next, we demonstrated that TRIM29 knockdown facilitated apoptosis and enhanced the sensitivity to anlotinib in NSCLC/AR cells. Based on the refined results citing from the database BioGRID, it was proved that TRIM29 interacted with RAD50. Herein, RAD50 overexpression diminished the pro-apoptotic effect induced by silencing TRIM29 in anlotinib-resistant A549 (A549/AR) cells. CONCLUSION Finally, we concluded that the increased sensitivity to anlotinib in NSCLC/AR cells was achieved by knocking down TRIM29, besides, the positive effects of TRIM29 knockdown were attributed to the promotion of apoptosis via binding to RAD50 in NSCLC/AR cell nucleus. Therefore, TRIM29 might become a potential target for overcoming anlotinib resistance in NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 100, Huaihai Avenue, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, No. 100, Huaihai Avenue, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Meng Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 100, Huaihai Avenue, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, No. 100, Huaihai Avenue, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 100, Huaihai Avenue, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, No. 100, Huaihai Avenue, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 100, Huaihai Avenue, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, No. 100, Huaihai Avenue, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Huai Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 100, Huaihai Avenue, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, No. 100, Huaihai Avenue, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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4
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Beach C, MacLean D, Majorova D, Melemenidis S, Nambiar DK, Kim RK, Valbuena GN, Guglietta S, Krieg C, Darvish-Damavandi M, Suwa T, Easton A, Hillson LV, McCulloch AK, McMahon RK, Pennel K, Edwards J, O’Cathail SM, Roxburgh CS, Domingo E, Moon EJ, Jiang D, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Koong AC, Woodruff TM, Graves EE, Maughan T, Buczacki SJ, Stucki M, Le QT, Leedham SJ, Giaccia AJ, Olcina MM. Improving radiotherapy in immunosuppressive microenvironments by targeting complement receptor C5aR1. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e168277. [PMID: 37824211 PMCID: PMC10688992 DOI: 10.1172/jci168277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An immunosuppressive microenvironment causes poor tumor T cell infiltration and is associated with reduced patient overall survival in colorectal cancer. How to improve treatment responses in these tumors is still a challenge. Using an integrated screening approach to identify cancer-specific vulnerabilities, we identified complement receptor C5aR1 as a druggable target, which when inhibited improved radiotherapy, even in tumors displaying immunosuppressive features and poor CD8+ T cell infiltration. While C5aR1 is well-known for its role in the immune compartment, we found that C5aR1 is also robustly expressed on malignant epithelial cells, highlighting potential tumor cell-specific functions. C5aR1 targeting resulted in increased NF-κB-dependent apoptosis specifically in tumors and not normal tissues, indicating that, in malignant cells, C5aR1 primarily regulated cell fate. Collectively, these data revealed that increased complement gene expression is part of the stress response mounted by irradiated tumors and that targeting C5aR1 could improve radiotherapy, even in tumors displaying immunosuppressive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Beach
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David MacLean
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika Majorova
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stavros Melemenidis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dhanya K. Nambiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ryan K. Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gabriel N. Valbuena
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Guglietta
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology
- Hollings Cancer Center, and
| | - Carsten Krieg
- Hollings Cancer Center, and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Tatsuya Suwa
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Easton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lily V.S. Hillson
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ross K. McMahon
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn Pennel
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Edwards
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sean M. O’Cathail
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Enric Domingo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eui Jung Moon
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dadi Jiang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Albert C. Koong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Trent M. Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Edward E. Graves
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tim Maughan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J.A. Buczacki
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Stucki
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Simon J. Leedham
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amato J. Giaccia
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Monica M. Olcina
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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5
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Previtali V, Myers SH, Poppi L, Wynne K, Casamassima I, Girotto S, Di Stefano G, Farabegoli F, Roberti M, Oliviero G, Cavalli A. Preomic profile of BxPC-3 cells after treatment with BRC4. J Proteomics 2023; 288:104983. [PMID: 37536521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BRCA2 and RAD51 are two proteins that play a central role in homologous recombination (HR) and DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. BRCA2 assists RAD51 fibrillation and defibrillation through binding with its eight BRC repeats, with BRC4 being one of the most efficient and best characterized. RAD51 inactivation by small molecules has been proposed as a strategy to impair BRCA2/RAD51 binding and, ultimately, the HR pathway, with the aim of making cancer cells more sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). This strategy, which mimics a synthetic lethality (SL) approach, has been successfully performed in vitro by using the myristoylated derivative of BRC4 (myr-BRC4), designed for a more efficient cell entry. The present study applies a method to obtain a proteomic fingerprint after cellular treatment with the myr-BRC4 peptide using a mass spectroscopy (MS) proteomic approach. (Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD042696.) We performed a comparative proteomic profiling of the myr-BRC4 treated vs. untreated BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells and evaluated the differential expression of proteins. Among the identified proteins, we focused our attention on proteins shared by both the RAD51 and the BRCA2 interactomes, and on those whose reduction showed high statistical significance. Three downregulated proteins were identified (FANCI, FANCD2, and RPA3), and protein downregulation was confirmed through immunoblotting analysis, validating the MS approach. Our results suggest that, being a direct consequence of myr-BRC4 treatment, the detection of FANCD2, FANCI, and RPA3 downregulation could be used as an indicator for monitoring HR impairment. SIGNIFICANCE: RAD51's inhibition has gained increasing attention because of its possible implications in personalized medicine through the SL approach. Chemical disruption of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between RAD51 and BRCA2, or some of its partner proteins, could potentiate PARPi DNA damage-induced cell death. This could have application for difficult to treat cancers, such as BRCA-competent and olaparib (PARPi) resistant pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Despite RAD51 being a widely studied target, researchers still lack detailed mechanistic information. This has stifled progress in the field with only a few RAD51 inhibitors having been identified, none of which have gained regulatory approval. Nevertheless, the peptide BRC4 is one of the most specific and best characterized RAD51 binder and inhibitor reported to date. Our study is the first to report the proteomic fingerprint consequent to cellular treatment of myr-BRC4, to offer a reference for the discovery of specific protein/pathway alterations within DNA damage repair. Our results suggest that, being a direct consequence of myr-BRC4 treatment, and ultimately ofBRCA2/RAD51 disruption, the detection of FANCD2, FANCI, and RPA3 downregulation could be used as an indicator for monitoring DNA damage repair impairment and therefore be used to potentiate the development of new effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Previtali
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Samuel H Myers
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Poppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Kieran Wynne
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland; Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Irene Casamassima
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Girotto
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; Structural Biophysics and Translational Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Di Stefano
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fulvia Farabegoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marinella Roberti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Oliviero
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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6
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Halbout M, Bury M, Hanet A, Gerin I, Graff J, Killian T, Gatto L, Vertommen D, Bommer GT. SUZ domain-containing proteins have multiple effects on nonsense-mediated decay target transcripts. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105095. [PMID: 37507022 PMCID: PMC10470013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Many transcripts are targeted by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), leading to their degradation and the inhibition of their translation. We found that the protein SUZ domain-containing protein 1 (SZRD1) interacts with the key NMD factor up-frameshift 1. When recruited to NMD-sensitive reporter gene transcripts, SZRD1 increased protein production, at least in part, by relieving translational inhibition. The conserved SUZ domain in SZRD1 was required for this effect. The SUZ domain is present in only three other human proteins besides SZRD1: R3H domain-containing protein 1 and 2 (R3HDM1, R3HDM2) and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 21 (ARPP21). We found that ARPP21, similarly to SZRD1, can increase protein production from NMD-sensitive reporter transcripts in an SUZ domain-dependent manner. This indicated that the SUZ domain-containing proteins could prevent translational inhibition of transcripts targeted by NMD. Consistent with the idea that SZRD1 mainly prevents translational inhibition, we did not observe a systematic decrease in the abundance of NMD targets when we knocked down SZRD1. Surprisingly, knockdown of SZRD1 in two different cell lines led to reduced levels of the NMD component UPF3B, which was accompanied by increased levels in a subset of NMD targets. This suggests that SZRD1 is required to maintain normal UPF3B levels and indicates that the effect of SZRD1 on NMD targets is not limited to a relief from translational inhibition. Overall, our study reveals that human SUZ domain-containing proteins play a complex role in regulating protein output from transcripts targeted by NMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Halbout
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marina Bury
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aoife Hanet
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Gerin
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Graff
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Theodore Killian
- Computational Biology Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Laurent Gatto
- Computational Biology Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Protein Phosphorylation Unit, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guido T Bommer
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, Brussels, Belgium.
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7
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhu R, Feng R, Cui H, Yu X, Huang F, Zhang R, Chen X, Li L, Chen Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Du G, Liu Z. RPS15 interacted with IGF2BP1 to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma development via recognizing m 6A modification. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:224. [PMID: 37264021 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased rates of ribosome biogenesis have been recognized as hallmarks of many cancers and are associated with poor prognosis. Using a CRISPR synergistic activation mediator (SAM) system library targeting 89 ribosomal proteins (RPs) to screen for the most oncogenic functional RPs in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we found that high expression of RPS15 correlates with malignant phenotype and poor prognosis of ESCC. Gain and loss of function models revealed that RPS15 promotes ESCC cell metastasis and proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that RPS15 interacts with the K homology domain of insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1), which recognizes and directly binds the 3'-UTR of MKK6 and MAPK14 mRNA in an m6A-dependent manner, and promotes translation of core p38 MAPK pathway proteins. By combining targeted drug virtual screening and functional assays, we found that folic acid showed a therapeutic effect on ESCC by targeting RPS15, which was augmented by the combination with cisplatin. Inhibition of RPS15 by folic acid, IGF2BP1 ablation, or SB203580 treatment were able to suppress ESCC metastasis and proliferation via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Thus, RPS15 promotes ESCC progression via the p38 MAPK pathway and RPS15 inhibitors may serve as potential anti-ESCC drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Riyue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Heyang Cui
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Furong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ruixiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiankai Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Yinghui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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8
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Kustatscher G, Hödl M, Rullmann E, Grabowski P, Fiagbedzi E, Groth A, Rappsilber J. Higher-order modular regulation of the human proteome. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e9503. [PMID: 36891684 PMCID: PMC10167480 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20209503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Operons are transcriptional modules that allow bacteria to adapt to environmental changes by coordinately expressing the relevant set of genes. In humans, biological pathways and their regulation are more complex. If and how human cells coordinate the expression of entire biological processes is unclear. Here, we capture 31 higher-order co-regulation modules, which we term progulons, by help of supervised machine-learning on proteomics data. Progulons consist of dozens to hundreds of proteins that together mediate core cellular functions. They are not restricted to physical interactions or co-localisation. Progulon abundance changes are primarily controlled at the level of protein synthesis and degradation. Implemented as a web app at www.proteomehd.net/progulonFinder, our approach enables the targeted search for progulons of specific cellular processes. We use it to identify a DNA replication progulon and reveal multiple new replication factors, validated by extensive phenotyping of siRNA-induced knockdowns. Progulons provide a new entry point into the molecular understanding of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Kustatscher
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martina Hödl
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edward Rullmann
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Grabowski
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence, Clinical Pharmacology & Safety Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emmanuel Fiagbedzi
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anja Groth
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Herrera LR, McGlynn K, Gibbs ZA, Davis AJ, Whitehurst AW. The Cancer Testes Antigen, HORMAD1, is a Tumor-Specific Replication Fork Protection Factor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.31.526348. [PMID: 36778501 PMCID: PMC9915569 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.31.526348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumors frequently activate the expression of genes that are only otherwise required for meiosis. HORMAD1, which is essential for meiotic recombination in multiple species, is expressed in over 50% of human lung adenocarcinoma cells (LUAD). We previously found that HORMAD1 promotes DNA double strand break (DSB) repair in LUAD. Here, we report that HORMAD1 takes on an additional role in protecting genomic integrity. Specifically, we find HORMAD1 is critical for protecting stalled DNA replication forks in LUAD. Loss of HORMAD1 leads to nascent DNA degradation, an event which is mediated by the MRE11-DNA2-BLM pathway. Moreover, following exogenous induction of DNA replication stress, HORMAD1 deleted cells accumulate single stranded DNA (ssDNA). We find that these phenotypes are the result of a lack of RAD51 and BRCA2 loading onto stalled replication forks. Ultimately, loss of HORMAD1 leads to increased DSBs and chromosomal aberrations in response to replication stress. Collectively, our data support a model where HORMAD1 expression is selected to mitigate DNA replication stress, which would otherwise induce deleterious genomic instability.
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10
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Belmonte-Fernández A, Herrero-Ruíz J, Galindo-Moreno M, Limón-Mortés MC, Mora-Santos M, Sáez C, Japón MÁ, Tortolero M, Romero F. Cisplatin-induced cell death increases the degradation of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 complex through the autophagy/lysosomal pathway. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:488-499. [PMID: 36477079 PMCID: PMC9950126 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and other platinum-based anticancer agents are among the most widely used chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of different types of cancer. However, it is common to find patients who respond well to treatment at first but later relapse due to the appearance of resistance to cisplatin. Among the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon is the increase in DNA damage repair. Here, we elucidate the effect of cisplatin on the MRN (MRE11-RAD50-NBS1) DNA damage sensor complex. We found that the tumor suppressor FBXW7 is a key factor in controlling the turnover of the MRN complex by inducing its degradation through lysosomes. Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes allowed the detection of the association of FBXW7-dependent ubiquitylated MRN with LC3 and the autophagy adaptor p62/SQSTM1 and the localization of MRN in lysosomes. Furthermore, cisplatin-induced cell death increased MRN degradation, suggesting that this complex is one of the targets that favor cell death. These findings open the possibility of using the induction of the degradation of the MRN complex after genotoxic damage as a potential therapeutic strategy to eliminate tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquín Herrero-Ruíz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - María Galindo-Moreno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - M Cristina Limón-Mortés
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - Mar Mora-Santos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - Carmen Sáez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) and Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, E-41013, Spain
| | - Miguel Á Japón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) and Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, E-41013, Spain
| | - Maria Tortolero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain
| | - Francisco Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, E-41012, Spain.
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11
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Liu W, Zheng M, Zhang R, Jiang Q, Du G, Wu Y, Yang C, Li F, Li W, Wang L, Wu J, Shi L, Li W, Zhang K, Zhou Z, Liu R, Gao Y, Huang X, Fan S, Zhi X, Jiang D, Chen C. RNF126-Mediated MRE11 Ubiquitination Activates the DNA Damage Response and Confers Resistance of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer to Radiotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203884. [PMID: 36563124 PMCID: PMC9929257 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has higher molecular heterogeneity and metastatic potential and the poorest prognosis. Because of limited therapeutics against TNBC, irradiation (IR) therapy is still a common treatment option for patients with lymph nodes or brain metastasis. Thus, it is urgent to develop strategies to enhance the sensitivity of TNBC tumors to low-dose IR. Here, the authors report that E3 ubiquitin ligase Ring finger protein 126 (RNF126) is important for IR-induced ATR-CHK1 pathway activation to enhance DNA damage repair (DDR). Mechanistically, RNF126 physically associates with the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex and ubiquitinates MRE11 at K339 and K480 to increase its DNA exonuclease activity, subsequent RPA binding, and ATR phosphorylation, promoting sustained DDR in a homologous recombination repair-prone manner. Accordingly, depletion of RNF126 leads to increased genomic instability and radiation sensitivity in both TNBC cells and mice. Furthermore, it is found that RNF126 expression is induced by IR activating the HER2-AKT-NF-κB pathway and targeting RNF126 expression with dihydroartemisinin significantly improves the sensitivity of TNBC tumors in the brain to IR treatment in vivo. Together, these results reveal that RNF126-mediated MRE11 ubiquitination is a critical regulator of the DDR, which provides a promising target for improving the sensitivity of TNBC to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
| | - Min Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Rou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
| | - Qiuyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Guangshi Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of the PathologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032China
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Fubing Li
- Academy of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Luzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- School of Life ScienceUniversity of Science & Technology of ChinaHefei230027China
| | - Jiao Wu
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Wenhui Li
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
| | - Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Translational Cancer Research CenterPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
| | - Yingzheng Gao
- Department of the Central LaboratorySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032China
| | - Xinwei Huang
- Department of the Central LaboratorySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming650032China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathologythe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha410000China
| | - Xu Zhi
- Center for Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijing100191China
| | - Dewei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life SciencesUniversity of the Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming650204China
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- The Third Affiliated HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunming650118China
- Academy of Biomedical EngineeringKunming Medical UniversityKunming650500China
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12
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McCarthy-Leo C, Darwiche F, Tainsky MA. DNA Repair Mechanisms, Protein Interactions and Therapeutic Targeting of the MRN Complex. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5278. [PMID: 36358700 PMCID: PMC9656488 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of a DNA double-strand break relies upon a pathway of proteins to identify damage, regulate cell cycle checkpoints, and repair the damage. This process is initiated by a sensor protein complex, the MRN complex, comprised of three proteins-MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1. After a double-stranded break, the MRN complex recruits and activates ATM, in-turn activating other proteins such as BRCA1/2, ATR, CHEK1/2, PALB2 and RAD51. These proteins have been the focus of many studies for their individual roles in hereditary cancer syndromes and are included on several genetic testing panels. These panels have enabled us to acquire large amounts of genetic data, much of which remains a challenge to interpret due to the presence of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). While the primary aim of clinical testing is to accurately and confidently classify variants in order to inform medical management, the presence of VUSs has led to ambiguity in genetic counseling. Pathogenic variants within MRN complex genes have been implicated in breast, ovarian, prostate, colon cancers and gliomas; however, the hundreds of VUSs within MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1 precludes the application of these data in genetic guidance of carriers. In this review, we discuss the MRN complex's role in DNA double-strand break repair, its interactions with other cancer predisposing genes, the variants that can be found within the three MRN complex genes, and the MRN complex's potential as an anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire McCarthy-Leo
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fatima Darwiche
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael A. Tainsky
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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13
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Pan ZY, Ling YY, Zhang H, Hao L, Tan CP, Mao ZW. Pt(IV)-Deferasirox Prodrug Combats DNA Damage Repair by Regulating RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Methylation. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14692-14700. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Yi Ling
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Hang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Liang Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang T, Yang H, Zhou Z, Bai Y, Wang J, Wang W. Crosstalk between SUMOylation and ubiquitylation controls DNA end resection by maintaining MRE11 homeostasis on chromatin. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5133. [PMID: 36050397 PMCID: PMC9436968 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA end resection is delicately regulated through various types of post-translational modifications to initiate homologous recombination, but the involvement of SUMOylation in this process remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that MRE11 requires SUMOylation to shield it from ubiquitin-mediated degradation when resecting damaged chromatin. Upon DSB induction, PIAS1 promotes MRE11 SUMOylation on chromatin to initiate DNA end resection. Then, MRE11 is deSUMOylated by SENP3 mainly after it has moved away from DSB sites. SENP3 deficiency results in MRE11 degradation failure and accumulation on chromatin, causing genome instability. We further show that cancer-related MRE11 mutants with impaired SUMOylation exhibit compromised DNA repair ability. Thus, we demonstrate that MRE11 SUMOylation in coordination with ubiquitylation is dynamically controlled by PIAS1 and SENP3 to facilitate DNA end resection and maintain genome stability. DNA end resection initiating DNA repair by homologous recombination needs to be delicately regulated. This study shows the interplay between SUMOylation and ubiquitylation maintains MRE11 homeostasis on chromatin, thus facilitating genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zenan Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yongtai Bai
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jiadong Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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15
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Zeng X, Zhao F, Cui G, Zhang Y, Deshpande RA, Chen Y, Deng M, Kloeber JA, Shi Y, Zhou Q, Zhang C, Hou J, Kim W, Tu X, Yan Y, Xu Z, Chen L, Gao H, Guo G, Liu J, Zhu Q, Cao Y, Huang J, Wu Z, Zhu S, Yin P, Luo K, Mer G, Paull TT, Yuan J, Tao K, Lou Z. METTL16 antagonizes MRE11-mediated DNA end resection and confers synthetic lethality to PARP inhibition in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:1088-1104. [PMID: 36138131 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers. Characterization of genetic alterations will improve our understanding and therapies for this disease. Here, we report that PDAC with elevated expression of METTL16, one of the 'writers' of RNA N6-methyladenosine modification, may benefit from poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) treatment. Mechanistically, METTL16 interacts with MRE11 through RNA and this interaction inhibits MRE11's exonuclease activity in a methyltransferase-independent manner, thereby repressing DNA end resection. Upon DNA damage, ATM phosphorylates METTL16 resulting in a conformational change and autoinhibition of its RNA binding. This dissociates the METTL16-RNA-MRE11 complex and releases inhibition of MRE11. Concordantly, PDAC cells with high METTL16 expression show increased sensitivity to PARPi, especially when combined with gemcitabine. Thus, our findings reveal a role for METTL16 in homologous recombination repair and suggest that a combination of PARPi with gemcitabine could be an effective treatment strategy for PDAC with elevated METTL16 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yuping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Wootae Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Xinyi Tu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lifeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanyao Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Guijie Guo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zheming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shouhai Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Georges Mer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tanya T Paull
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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16
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Deng Y, Wang Y, Li L, Miao EA, Liu P. Post-Translational Modifications of Proteins in Cytosolic Nucleic Acid Sensing Signaling Pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898724. [PMID: 35795661 PMCID: PMC9250978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response is the first-line host defense against pathogens. Cytosolic nucleic acids, including both DNA and RNA, represent a special type of danger signal to initiate an innate immune response. Activation of cytosolic nucleic acid sensors is tightly controlled in order to achieve the high sensitivity needed to combat infection while simultaneously preventing false activation that leads to pathologic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on post-translational modifications of key cytosolic nucleic acid sensors that can reversibly or irreversibly control these sensor functions. We will describe phosphorylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, acetylation, methylation, succinylation, glutamylation, amidation, palmitoylation, and oxidation modifications events (including modified residues, modifying enzymes, and modification function). Together, these post-translational regulatory modifications on key cytosolic DNA/RNA sensing pathway members reveal a complicated yet elegantly controlled multilayer regulator network to govern innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lupeng Li
- Department of Immunology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Edward A. Miao
- Department of Immunology and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Pengda Liu,
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Wei X, Su R, Yang M, Pan B, Lu J, Lin H, Shu W, Wang R, Xu X. Quantitative proteomic profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma at different serum alpha-fetoprotein level. Transl Oncol 2022; 20:101422. [PMID: 35430532 PMCID: PMC9034393 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum AFP equal to 400 ng/mL is a pivotal turning point not only in prognosis but also metabolic and invasion associated pathways. Adjacent noncancerous tissues are not biological normal components at protein level. Four druggable targets (C1QBP, HSPE1, CHDH, ITGAL) are identified as potential prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a poor long-term prognosis and high mortality rate. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels show great prognostic value in patients undergoing hepatectomy. This study aims to explore proteomic profiling in HCC samples based on AFP subgroups and identify potential key targets involved in HCC progression. Methods Twelve paired tumor and adjacent noncancerous tissue samples were collected from patients with HCC who underwent primary curative resection from January 2012 to December 2013. Clinical information was curated from four tissue microarrays to conduct survival analysis based on serum AFP levels. TMT-based quantitative proteomic analyses and bioinformatics analyses were performed to comprehensively profile molecular features. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to validate protein expression of identified targets. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to assess the overall survival and recurrence-free survival based on protein expressions. Results AFP (400 ng/mL) was a turning point in prognosis, metabolic- and invasion-associated pathways. The mass spectrometry analysis yielded a total of 5573 identified proteins. Annotations of 151 differentially expressed proteins in tumors and 95 proteins in paracancerous tissues (1.2-fold) showed similarities in biological processes, cellular components, molecular functions. Furthermore, differentially expressed hub proteins with five innovatively nominated druggable targets (C1QBP, HSPE1, GLUD2 for tumors and CHDH, ITGAL for paracancerous tissues), of which four (C1QBP, HSPE1, CHDH, ITGAL) targets were associated with poor overall survival (all Log-rank P < 0.05). Conclusions Our quantitative proteomics analyses identified four key prognostic biomarkers in HCC and provide opportunities for translational medicine and new treatment.
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MRNIP condensates promote DNA double-strand break sensing and end resection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2638. [PMID: 35551189 PMCID: PMC9098523 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid recognition of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex is critical for the initiation of DNA damage response and DSB end resection. Here, we show that MRN complex interacting protein (MRNIP) forms liquid-like condensates to promote homologous recombination-mediated DSB repair. The intrinsically disordered region is essential for MRNIP condensate formation. Mechanically, the MRN complex is compartmentalized and concentrated into MRNIP condensates in the nucleus. After DSB formation, MRNIP condensates move to the damaged DNA rapidly to accelerate the binding of DSB by the concentrated MRN complex, therefore inducing the autophosphorylation of ATM and subsequent activation of DNA damage response signaling. Meanwhile, MRNIP condensates-enhanced MRN complex loading further promotes DSB end resection. In addition, data from xenograft models and clinical samples confirm a correlation between MRNIP and radioresistance. Together, these results reveal an important role of MRNIP phase separation in DSB response and the MRN complex-mediated DSB end resection. The MRN complex is a critical sensor and processor of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Here, the authors show that MRNIP forms liquid-like condensates to accelerate the MRN-mediated sensing and end resection of DSB, thereby promoting DSB repair.
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Genome-wide CRISPR screen identified Rad18 as a determinant of doxorubicin sensitivity in osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:154. [PMID: 35459258 PMCID: PMC9034549 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02344-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor mostly occurring in children and adolescents, while chemotherapy resistance often develops and the mechanisms involved remain challenging to be fully investigated. Methods Genome-wide CRISPR screening combined with transcriptomic sequencing were used to identify the critical genes of doxorubicin resistance. Analysis of clinical samples and datasets, and in vitro and in vivo experiments (including CCK-8, apoptosis, western blot, qRT-PCR and mouse models) were applied to confirm the function of these genes. The bioinformatics and IP-MS assays were utilized to further verify the downstream pathway. RGD peptide-directed and exosome-delivered siRNA were developed for the novel therapy strategy. Results We identified that E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Rad18 (Rad18) contributed to doxorubicin-resistance in OS. Further exploration revealed that Rad18 interact with meiotic recombination 11 (MRE11) to promote the formation of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, facilitating the activation of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway, which ultimately mediated DNA damage tolerance and leaded to a poor prognosis and chemotherapy response in patients with OS. Rad18-knockout effectively restored the chemotherapy response in vitro and in vivo. Also, RGD-exosome loading chemically modified siRad18 combined with doxorubicin, where exosome and chemical modification guaranteed the stability of siRad18 and the RGD peptide provided prominent targetability, had significantly improved antitumor activity of doxorubicin. Conclusions Collectively, our study identifies Rad18 as a driver of OS doxorubicin resistance that promotes the HR pathway and indicates that targeting Rad18 is an effective approach to overcome chemotherapy resistance in OS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02344-y.
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20
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Zhang L, Lin W, Zhou Y, Shao F, Gao Y, He J. A Complement-Related Gene Signature for Predicting Overall Survival and Immunotherapy Efficacy in Sarcoma Patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:765062. [PMID: 35493104 PMCID: PMC9046668 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.765062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognoses of sarcomas are poor and the responses of them to systemic therapies are limited and controversial. Thus, there is an urgent need to stratify the risk factors and identify the patients who may benefit from systemic therapies. Here, we developed a reliable, complement-based gene signature to predict the prognosis of sarcoma patients. Survival-related complement genes were identified by univariate Cox analyses and were used to build a gene signature, which was further selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model, and determined using a stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression model. The whole sarcoma cohort of TCGA was randomly divided into a training set and a test set. The signature was constructed using the training set and validated subsequently in the test set, the whole TCGA sarcoma cohort, and another two independent cohorts from the TARGET and GEO databases, respectively. Furthermore, the prognostic value of the signature was also validated in an independent cohort from our center. This model effectively predicted prognoses across the training set, different validation cohorts, and different clinical subgroups. Next, immune cell infiltration analysis, GO and KEGG analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to explore possible underlying mechanisms of this signature. Moreover, this signature may predict the response to immunotherapy. Collectively, the current complement-related gene signature can predict overall survival and possible immunotherapy response of sarcoma patients; it may serve as a powerful prognostic tool to further optimize clinical treatment and prognosis management for sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weihao Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Cancer Institute of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yibo Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yibo Gao, ; Jie He,
| | - Jie He
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yibo Gao, ; Jie He,
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Fujita J, Taniguchi M, Hashizume C, Ueda Y, Sakai S, Kondo T, Hashimoto-Nishimura M, Hanada K, Kosaka T, Okazaki T. Nuclear Ceramide Is Associated with Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Activation in the Neocarzinostatin-Induced Apoptosis of Lymphoblastoid Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:322-333. [PMID: 35273080 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide is a bioactive sphingolipid that mediates ionizing radiation- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Neocarzinostatin (NCS) is a genotoxic anti-cancer drug that induces apoptosis in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) through ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation. However, the involvement of ceramide in NCS-evoked nuclear events such as DSB-activated ATM has not been clarified. Here, we found that nuclear ceramide increased by NCS-mediated apoptosis through the enhanced assembly of ATM and the meiotic recombination 11/double-strand break repair/Nijmengen breakage syndrome 1 (MRN) complex proteins in human lymphoblastoid L-39 cells. NCS induced an increase of ceramide production through activation of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) and suppression of sphingomyelin synthase (SMS) upstream of DSB-mediated ATM activation. In ATM-deficient lymphoblastoid AT-59 cells compared with L-39 cells, NCS treatment showed a decrease of apoptosis even though ceramide increase and DSBs were observed. Expression of wild-type ATM, but not the kinase-dead mutant ATM, in AT-59 cells increased NCS-induced apoptosis despite similar ceramide accumulation. Interestingly, NCS increased ceramide content in the nucleus through nSMase activation and SMS suppression and promoted colocalization of ceramide with phosphorylated ATM and foci of MRN complex. Inhibition of ceramide generation by the overexpression of SMS suppressed NCS-induced apoptosis through the inhibition of ATM activation and assembly of the MRN complex. In addition, inhibition of ceramide increased by the nSMase inhibitor GW4869 prevented NCS-mediated activation of the ATM. Therefore, our findings suggest the involvement of the nuclear ceramide with ATM activation in NCS-mediated apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates that regulation of ceramide with neutral sphingomyelinase and sphingomyelin synthase in the nucleus in double-strand break-mimetic agent neocarzinostatin (NCS)-induced apoptosis. This study also showed that ceramide increase in the nucleus plays a role in NCS-induced apoptosis through activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated/meiotic recombination 11/double-strand break repair/Nijmengen breakage syndrome 1 complex in human lymphoblastoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fujita
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Makoto Taniguchi
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Chieko Hashizume
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Yoshibumi Ueda
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Shota Sakai
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Tadakazu Kondo
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Mayumi Hashimoto-Nishimura
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Kentaro Hanada
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Takeo Kosaka
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
| | - Toshiro Okazaki
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Medicine (J.F., C.H., T.K.) and Medical Research Institute (M.T.), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan; Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Ishikawa, Japan (C.H., T.O.); Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan. (S.S., K.H.); Department of Hematology/Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (T.K.); and Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan (M.H.-N.)
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Xie Z, Gao Y, Ho C, Li L, Jin C, Wang X, Zou C, Mao Y, Wang X, Li Q, Fu D, Zhang YF. Exosome-delivered CD44v6/C1QBP complex drives pancreatic cancer liver metastasis by promoting fibrotic liver microenvironment. Gut 2022; 71:568-579. [PMID: 33827783 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) shows a remarkable predilection for liver metastasis. Pro-oncogenic secretome delivery and trafficking via exosomes are crucial for pre-metastatic microenvironment formation and metastasis. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of how PDAC-derived exosomes (Pex) modulate the liver microenvironment and promote metastasis. DESIGN C57BL/6 mice were 'educated' by tail vein Pex injection. The intrasplenic injection liver metastasis and PDAC orthotopic transplantation models were used to evaluate liver metastasis. Stable cell lines CD44v6 (CD44 variant isoform 6) or C1QBP (complement C1q binding protein) knockdown or overexpression was established using lentivirus transfection or gateway systems. A total of 142 patients with PDAC in Huashan Hospital were retrospectively enrolled. Prognosis and liver metastasis were predicted using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and logistic regression models. RESULTS Pex tail vein injection induced the deposition of liver fibrotic extracellular matrix, which promoted PDAC liver metastasis. Specifically, the exosomal CD44v6/C1QBP complex was delivered to the plasma membrane of hepatic satellite cells (HSCs), leading to phosphorylation of insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling molecules, which resulted in HSC activation and liver fibrosis. Expression of Pex CD44v6 and C1QBP in PDAC patients with liver metastasis was significantly higher than in PDAC patients without liver metastasis, and simultaneous high expression of exosomal CD44v6 and C1QBP correlated with a worse prognosis and a higher risk of postoperative PDAC liver metastasis. CONCLUSION The Pex-derived CD44v6/C1QBP complex is essential for the formation of a fibrotic liver microenvironment and PDAC liver metastasis. Highly expressed exosomal CD44v6 and C1QBP are promising biomarkers for predicting prognosis and liver metastasis in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Chiakang Ho
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Lequn Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Caifeng Zou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yishen Mao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Deliang Fu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
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Moon EJ, Petersson K, Oleina MM. The importance of hypoxia in radiotherapy for the immune response, metastatic potential and FLASH-RT. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:439-451. [PMID: 34726575 PMCID: PMC7612434 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1988178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia (low oxygen) is a common feature of solid tumors that has been intensely studied for more than six decades. Here we review the importance of hypoxia to radiotherapy with a particular focus on the contribution of hypoxia to immune responses, metastatic potential and FLASH radiotherapy, active areas of research by leading women in the field. CONCLUSION Although hypoxia-driven metastasis and immunosuppression can negatively impact clinical outcome, understanding these processes can also provide tumor-specific vulnerabilities that may be therapeutically exploited. The different oxygen tensions present in tumors and normal tissues may underpin the beneficial FLASH sparing effect seen in normal tissue and represents a perfect example of advances in the field that can leverage tumor hypoxia to improve future radiotherapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Jung Moon
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK,Equal Contribution and to whom correspondence should be addressed. ; :
| | - Kristoffer Petersson
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK,Radiation Physics, Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden,Equal Contribution and to whom correspondence should be addressed. ; :
| | - Monica M. Oleina
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK,Equal Contribution and to whom correspondence should be addressed. ; :
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24
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Kilgas S, Kiltie AE, Ramadan K. Immunofluorescence microscopy-based detection of ssDNA foci by BrdU in mammalian cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100978. [PMID: 34888531 PMCID: PMC8634038 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA end resection converts broken ends of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) to 3'-single-stranded DNA (3'-ssDNA). The extent of resection regulates DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway choice and thereby genomic stability. Here, we characterize an optimized immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy-based protocol for measuring ssDNA in mammalian cells by labeling genomic DNA with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). BrdU foci can be detected under non-denaturing conditions by anti-BrdU antibody, providing an accurate and reliable readout of DNA end resection in most mammalian cell lines. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kilgas et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kilgas
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Anne E. Kiltie
- Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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25
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Li Y, Wang S, Li P, Li Y, Liu Y, Fang H, Zhang X, Liu Z, Kong B. Rad50 promotes ovarian cancer progression through NF-κB activation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10961-10972. [PMID: 34734468 PMCID: PMC8642684 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rad50 is a component of MRN (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1), which participates in DNA double-strand break repair and DNA-damage checkpoint activation. Here, we sought to investigate the clinical and functional significance of Rad50 in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We found that Rad50 was frequently upregulated in HGSOCs and enhanced Rad50 expression inversely correlated with patient survival. In addition, ectopic expression of Rad50 promoted proliferation/invasion and induced EMT of ovarian cancer cells, whereas knockdown of Rad50 led to decreased aggressive behaviors. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Rad50 induced aggressiveness in HGSOC via activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, we identified CARD9 as an interacting protein of Rad50 in ovarian cancer cells and the activation of NF-κB pathway by Rad50 is CARD9 dependent. Our findings provide evidence that Rad50 exhibits oncogenic property via NF-κB activation in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Shourong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yingwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Haiya Fang
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologyJinhua Hospital of Zhejiang UniversityJinhuaChina
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Advanced Medical Research InstituteCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zhaojian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
- Advanced Medical Research InstituteCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Beihua Kong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
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26
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Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are cytotoxic lesions that threaten genome integrity and cell viability. Typically, cells repair DSBs by either nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). The relative use of these two pathways depends on many factors, including cell cycle stage and the nature of the DNA ends. A critical determinant of repair pathway selection is the initiation of 5'→3' nucleolytic degradation of DNA ends, a process referred to as DNA end resection. End resection is essential to create single-stranded DNA overhangs, which serve as the substrate for the Rad51 recombinase to initiate HR and are refractory to NHEJ repair. Here, we review recent insights into the mechanisms of end resection, how it is regulated, and the pathological consequences of its dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Cejka
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland; .,Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorraine S Symington
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; .,Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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27
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Giaccherini C, Gaillard P. Control of structure-specific endonucleases during homologous recombination in eukaryotes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 71:195-205. [PMID: 34624742 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Structure-Specific Endonucleases (SSE) are specialized DNA endonucleases that recognize and process DNA secondary structures without any strict dependency on the nucleotide sequence context. This enables them to act virtually anywhere in the genome and to make key contributions to the maintenance of genome stability by removing DNA structures that may stall essential cellular processes such as DNA replication, transcription, repair and chromosome segregation. During repair of double strand breaks by homologous recombination mechanisms, DNA secondary structures are formed and processed in a timely manner. Their homeostasis relies on the combined action of helicases, SSE and topoisomerases. In this review, we focus on how SSE contribute to DNA end resection, single-strand annealing and double-strand break repair, with an emphasis on how their action is fine-tuned in those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Giaccherini
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Phl Gaillard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, CRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
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28
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Frock RL, Sadeghi C, Meng J, Wang JL. DNA End Joining: G0-ing to the Core. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101487. [PMID: 34680120 PMCID: PMC8533500 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have evolved a series of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways to efficiently and accurately rejoin nascently formed pairs of double-stranded DNA ends (DSEs). In G0/G1-phase cells, non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and alternative end joining (A-EJ) operate to support covalent rejoining of DSEs. While NHEJ is predominantly utilized and collaborates extensively with the DNA damage response (DDR) to support pairing of DSEs, much less is known about A-EJ collaboration with DDR factors when NHEJ is absent. Non-cycling lymphocyte progenitor cells use NHEJ to complete V(D)J recombination of antigen receptor genes, initiated by the RAG1/2 endonuclease which holds its pair of targeted DSBs in a synapse until each specified pair of DSEs is handed off to the NHEJ DSB sensor complex, Ku. Similar to designer endonuclease DSBs, the absence of Ku allows for A-EJ to access RAG1/2 DSEs but with random pairing to complete their repair. Here, we describe recent insights into the major phases of DSB end joining, with an emphasis on synapsis and tethering mechanisms, and bring together new and old concepts of NHEJ vs. A-EJ and on RAG2-mediated repair pathway choice.
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29
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Somyajit K, Spies J, Coscia F, Kirik U, Rask MB, Lee JH, Neelsen KJ, Mund A, Jensen LJ, Paull TT, Mann M, Lukas J. Homology-directed repair protects the replicating genome from metabolic assaults. Dev Cell 2021; 56:461-477.e7. [PMID: 33621493 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Homology-directed repair (HDR) safeguards DNA integrity under various forms of stress, but how HDR protects replicating genomes under extensive metabolic alterations remains unclear. Here, we report that besides stalling replication forks, inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) triggers metabolic imbalance manifested by the accumulation of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell nuclei. This leads to a redox-sensitive activation of the ATM kinase followed by phosphorylation of the MRE11 nuclease, which in HDR-deficient settings degrades stalled replication forks. Intriguingly, nascent DNA degradation by the ROS-ATM-MRE11 cascade is also triggered by hypoxia, which elevates signaling-competent ROS and attenuates functional HDR without arresting replication forks. Under these conditions, MRE11 degrades daughter-strand DNA gaps, which accumulate behind active replisomes and attract error-prone DNA polymerases to escalate mutation rates. Thus, HDR safeguards replicating genomes against metabolic assaults by restraining mutagenic repair at aberrantly processed nascent DNA. These findings have implications for cancer evolution and tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Somyajit
- Protein Signaling Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Julian Spies
- Protein Signaling Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Coscia
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ufuk Kirik
- Disease Systems Biology Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein, Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj-Britt Rask
- Protein Signaling Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kai John Neelsen
- Protein Signaling Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Mund
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Juhl Jensen
- Disease Systems Biology Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein, Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanya T Paull
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Matthias Mann
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiri Lukas
- Protein Signaling Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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30
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Ye Z, Xu S, Shi Y, Bacolla A, Syed A, Moiani D, Tsai CL, Shen Q, Peng G, Leonard PG, Jones DE, Wang B, Tainer JA, Ahmed Z. GRB2 enforces homology-directed repair initiation by MRE11. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/32/eabe9254. [PMID: 34348893 PMCID: PMC8336959 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe9254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is initiated by MRE11 nuclease for both homology-directed repair (HDR) and alternative end joining (Alt-EJ). Here, we found that GRB2, crucial to timely proliferative RAS/MAPK pathway activation, unexpectedly forms a biophysically validated GRB2-MRE11 (GM) complex for efficient HDR initiation. GRB2-SH2 domain targets the GM complex to phosphorylated H2AX at DSBs. GRB2 K109 ubiquitination by E3 ubiquitin ligase RBBP6 releases MRE11 promoting HDR. RBBP6 depletion results in prolonged GM complex and HDR defects. GRB2 knockout increased MRE11-XRCC1 complex and Alt-EJ. Reconstitution with separation-of-function GRB2 mutant caused HDR deficiency and synthetic lethality with PARP inhibitor. Cell and cancer genome analyses suggest biomarkers of low GRB2 for noncanonical HDR deficiency and high MRE11 and GRB2 expression for worse survival in HDR-proficient patients. These findings establish GRB2's role in binding, targeting, and releasing MRE11 to promote efficient HDR over Alt-EJ DSB repair, with implications for genome stability and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu Ye
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shengfeng Xu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yin Shi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aleem Syed
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Davide Moiani
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chi-Lin Tsai
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qiang Shen
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul G Leonard
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Darin E Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John A Tainer
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Zamal Ahmed
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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31
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Lu R, Zhang H, Jiang YN, Wang ZQ, Sun L, Zhou ZW. Post-Translational Modification of MRE11: Its Implication in DDR and Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1158. [PMID: 34440334 PMCID: PMC8392716 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining genomic stability is vital for cells as well as individual organisms. The meiotic recombination-related gene MRE11 (meiotic recombination 11) is essential for preserving genomic stability through its important roles in the resection of broken DNA ends, DNA damage response (DDR), DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair, and telomere maintenance. The post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and methylation, regulate directly the function of MRE11 and endow MRE11 with capabilities to respond to cellular processes in promptly, precisely, and with more diversified manners. Here in this paper, we focus primarily on the PTMs of MRE11 and their roles in DNA response and repair, maintenance of genomic stability, as well as their association with diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Lu
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (R.L.); (Y.-N.J.)
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Kunming 650118, China;
| | - Yi-Nan Jiang
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (R.L.); (Y.-N.J.)
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Litao Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (R.L.); (Y.-N.J.)
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32
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Kilgas S, Singh AN, Paillas S, Then CK, Torrecilla I, Nicholson J, Browning L, Vendrell I, Konietzny R, Kessler BM, Kiltie AE, Ramadan K. p97/VCP inhibition causes excessive MRE11-dependent DNA end resection promoting cell killing after ionizing radiation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109153. [PMID: 34038735 PMCID: PMC8170441 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATPase p97 is a central component of the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation system. p97 uses its ATPase activity and co-factors to extract ubiquitinated substrates from different cellular locations, including DNA lesions, thereby regulating DNA repair pathway choice. Here, we find that p97 physically and functionally interacts with the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex on chromatin and that inactivation of p97 blocks the disassembly of the MRN complex from the sites of DNA damage upon ionizing radiation (IR). The inhibition of p97 function results in excessive 5'-DNA end resection mediated by MRE11 that leads to defective DNA repair and radiosensitivity. In addition, p97 inhibition by the specific small-molecule inhibitor CB-5083 increases tumor cell killing following IR both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, this is mediated via increased MRE11 nuclease accumulation. This suggests that p97 inhibitors might be exploited to improve outcomes for radiotherapy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kilgas
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Abhay Narayan Singh
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Salome Paillas
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Chee-Kin Then
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ignacio Torrecilla
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Judith Nicholson
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Rebecca Konietzny
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- TDI Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Anne E Kiltie
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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33
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Ren J, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Hao S, Lin L, Zhang S, Xu X, Wang H. CtIP suppresses primary microRNA maturation and promotes metastasis of colon cancer cells in a xenograft mouse model. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100707. [PMID: 33901493 PMCID: PMC8164041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are important regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. The post-transcriptional maturation of miRNAs is controlled by the Drosha-DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (DGCR8) microprocessor. Dysregulation of miRNA biogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including cancers. C-terminal-binding protein-interacting protein (CtIP) is a well-known DNA repair factor that promotes the processing of DNA double-strand break (DSB) to initiate homologous recombination-mediated DSB repair. However, it was unclear whether CtIP has other unknown cellular functions. Here, we aimed to uncover the roles of CtIP in miRNA maturation and cancer cell metastasis. We found that CtIP is a potential regulatory factor that suppresses the processing of miRNA primary transcripts (pri-miRNA). CtIP directly bound to both DGCR8 and pri-miRNAs through a conserved Sae2-like domain, reduced the binding of Drosha to DGCR8 and pri-miRNA substrate, and inhibited processing activity of Drosha complex. CtIP depletion significantly increased the expression levels of a subset of mature miRNAs, including miR-302 family members that are associated with tumor progression and metastasis in several cancer types. We also found that CtIP-inhibited miRNAs, such as miR-302 family members, are not crucial for DSB repair. However, increase of miR-302b levels or loss of CtIP function severely suppressed human colon cancer cell line tumor cell metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. These studies reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of CtIP in miRNA processing and tumor metastasis that represents a new function of CtIP in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Youhang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuailin Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixiu Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention and Carson International Cancer Center, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, China Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
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34
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Wu H, Chu Y, Sun S, Li G, Xu S, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Gao S, Wang Q, Zhang J, Pang D. Hypoxia-Mediated Complement 1q Binding Protein Regulates Metastasis and Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Modulates the PKC-NF-κB-VCAM-1 Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:607142. [PMID: 33708767 PMCID: PMC7940382 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.607142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Complement 1q binding protein (C1QBP/HABP1/p32/gC1qR) has been found to be overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the underlying mechanisms of high C1QBP expression and its role in TNBC remain largely unclear. Hypoxia is a tumor-associated microenvironment that promotes metastasis and paclitaxel (PTX) chemoresistance in tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to assess C1QBP expression and explore its role in hypoxia-related metastasis and chemoresistance in TNBC. Materials and Methods RNA-sequencing of TNBC cells under hypoxia was performed to identify C1QBP. The effect of hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) on C1QBP expression was investigated using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. The role of C1QBP in mediating metastasis, chemoresistance to PTX, and regulation of metastasis-linked vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) expression were studied using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Clinical tissue microarrays were used to verify the correlation of C1QBP with the expression of HIF-1α, VCAM-1, and RELA proto-oncogene nuclear factor-kappa B subunit (P65). Results We found that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α upregulated C1QBP. The inhibition of C1QBP notably blocked metastasis of TNBC cells and increased their sensitivity to PTX under hypoxic conditions. Depletion of C1QBP decreased VCAM-1 expression by reducing the amount of P65 in the nucleus and suppressed the activation of hypoxia-induced protein kinase C-nuclear factor-kappa B (PKC-NF-κB) signaling.immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of the tissue microarray showed positive correlations between the C1QBP level and those of HIF-1α, P65, and VCAM-1. Conclusion Targeting C1QBP along with PTX treatment might be a potential treatment for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yijun Chu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Guozheng Li
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xianyu Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yongdong Jiang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Song Gao
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Da Pang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Li X, Li Z, Yang M, Luo Y, Hu L, Xiao Z, Huang A, Huang J. Two tSNPs in BRIP1 are associated with breast cancer during TDT analysis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1578. [PMID: 33403820 PMCID: PMC8077123 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate and confirm the association between 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms of four susceptibility genes (NBS1, TP53, PTEN, and BRIP1) and the susceptibility of breast cancer. Methods The genome DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and tumor tissues from one hundred and seventeen core families. 15 SNPs were detected by PCR. The transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) and the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) are used to verify the association between these SNPs and breast cancer. Further correlation between SNPs and certain pathological features of the tumor, including tumor size, location of lymph nodes, pathologic classification, and the stage and subtype of breast cancer, are analyzed by the chi‐square test and logistic regression analysis. Results Based on TDTs, two SNPs of rs7220719 and rs11871753 in BRIP1 showed a significant association with breast cancer, while the other 13 selected SNPs did not. However, further statistical analysis demonstrated no obvious differentiation in the clinical characteristics of breast cancer between 37 patients with rs7220719 and 80 patients with wild types. Similar results were also found for rs11871753. Conclusions The data provided the evidence for the association between two SNPs of BRIP1 and breast cancer, but did not affect certain clinical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Hu
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Xiao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aji Huang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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OsMre11 Is Required for Mitosis during Rice Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010169. [PMID: 33375295 PMCID: PMC7795355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination 11 (Mre11) is a relatively conserved nuclease in various species. Mre11 plays important roles in meiosis and DNA damage repair in yeast, humans and Arabidopsis, but little research has been done on mitotic DNA replication and repair in rice. Here, it was found that Mre11 was an extensively expressed gene among the various tissues and organs of rice, and loss-of-function of Mre11 resulted in severe defects of vegetative and reproductive growth, including dwarf plants, abnormally developed male and female gametes, and completely abortive seeds. The decreased number of cells in the apical meristem and the appearance of chromosomal fragments and bridges during the mitotic cell cycle in rice mre11 mutant roots revealed an essential role of OsMre11. Further research showed that DNA replication was suppressed, and a large number of DNA strand breaks occurred during the mitotic cell cycle of rice mre11 mutants. The expression of OsMre11 was up-regulated with the treatment of hydroxyurea and methyl methanesulfonate. Moreover, OsMre11 could form a complex with OsRad50 and OsNbs1, and they might function together in non-homologous end joining and homologous recombination repair pathways. These results indicated that OsMre11 plays vital roles in DNA replication and damage repair of the mitotic cell cycle, which ensure the development and fertility of rice by maintaining genome stability.
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Cao X, Sun Y, Lu P, Zhao M. Fluorescence imaging of intracellular nucleases-A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1137:225-237. [PMID: 33153605 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleases play crucial roles in maintaining genomic integrity. Visualization of intracellular distribution and translocation of nucleases are of great importance for understanding the in-vivo physiological functions of these enzymes and their roles in DNA repair and other cellular signaling pathways. Here we review the recently developed approaches for fluorescence imaging of nucleases in various eukaryotic cells. We mainly focused on the immunofluorescence techniques, the genetically encoded fluorescent probes and the chemically synthesized fluorescent DNA-substrate probes that enabled in-situ visualization of the subcellular localization of nucleases and their interactions with other protein/DNA molecules within cells. The targeted nucleases included important endonucleases, 3' exonucleases and 5' exonucleases that were involved in the DNA damage repair pathways and the intracellular DNA degradation. The advantages and limitations of the available tools were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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KLHL22 maintains PD-1 homeostasis and prevents excessive T cell suppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28239-28250. [PMID: 33109719 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004570117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) expression on the surface of T cells is known to inhibit T cell effector activity and to play a pivotal role in tumor immune escape; thus, maintaining an appropriate level of PD-1 expression is of great significance. We identified KLHL22, an adaptor of the Cul3-based E3 ligase, as a major PD-1-associated protein that mediates the degradation of PD-1 before its transport to the cell surface. KLHL22 deficiency leads to overaccumulation of PD-1, which represses the antitumor response of T cells and promotes tumor progression. Importantly, KLHL22 was markedly decreased in tumor-infiltrating T cells from colorectal cancer patients. Meanwhile, treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) could increase PD-1 expression by inhibiting the transcription of KLHL22. These findings reveal that KLHL22 plays a crucial role in preventing excessive T cell suppression by maintaining PD-1 expression homeostasis and suggest the therapeutic potential of 5-FU in combination with anti-PD-1 in colorectal cancer patients.
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Olcina MM, Kim RK, Balanis NG, Li CG, von Eyben R, Graeber TG, Ricklin D, Stucki M, Giaccia AJ. Intracellular C4BPA Levels Regulate NF-κB-Dependent Apoptosis. iScience 2020; 23:101594. [PMID: 33205012 PMCID: PMC7648136 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of innate immunity in cancer is increasingly being recognized with recent reports suggesting tumor cell-intrinsic intracellular functions for innate immunity proteins. However, such functions are often poorly understood, and it is unclear whether these are affected by patient-specific mutations. Here, we show that C4b-binding protein alpha chain (C4BPA), typically thought to reside in the extracellular space, is expressed intracellularly in cancer cells, where it interacts with the NF-κB family member RelA and regulates apoptosis. Interestingly, intracellular C4BPA expression is regulated in a stress- and mutation-dependent manner and C4BPA mutations are associated with improved cancer survival outcome. Using cell lines harboring patient-specific C4BPA mutations, we show that increasing intracellular C4BPA levels correlate with sensitivity to oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, sensitive C4BPA mutants display increased IκBα expression and increased inhibitory IκBα-RelA complex stability. These data suggest a non-canonical intracellular role for C4BPA in regulating NF-κB-dependent apoptosis. C4BPA mutations are associated with improved overall survival in 23 tumor types C4BPA is found, for the first time, to interact with NF-κB family member RelA C4BPA expression is regulated in a mutation- and stress-responsive manner C4BPA has a non-canonical intracellular function in regulating NF-κB signaling
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Olcina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Corresponding author
| | - Ryan K. Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nikolas G. Balanis
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caiyun Grace Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rie von Eyben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas G. Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Ricklin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Stucki
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Amato J. Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Oxford Institute of Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX37DQ, UK
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40
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Mechanism and significance of chromosome damage repair by homologous recombination. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:779-790. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) is a major, conserved pathway of chromosome damage repair. It not only fulfills key functions in the removal of deleterious lesions such as DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and interstrand cross-links (ICLs), but also in replication fork repair and protection. Several familial and acquired cancer predisposition syndromes stem from defects in HR. In particular, individuals with mutations in HR genes exhibit predisposition to breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancers, and they also show signs of accelerated aging. However, aberrant and untimely HR events can lead to the loss of heterozygosity, genomic rearrangements, and cytotoxic nucleoprotein intermediates. Thus, it is critically important that HR be tightly regulated. In addition to DNA repair, HR is also involved in meiotic chromosome segregation and telomere maintenance in cells that lack telomerase. In this review, we focus on the role of HR in DSB repair (DSBR) and summarize the current state of the field.
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Zhang C, Zhou T, Chen Z, Yan M, Li B, Lv H, Wang C, Xiang S, Shi L, Zhu Y, Ai D. Coupling of Integrin α5 to Annexin A2 by Flow Drives Endothelial Activation. Circ Res 2020; 127:1074-1090. [PMID: 32673515 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs at specific sites of the vasculature where endothelial cells (ECs) are exposed to disturbed blood flow. Translocation of integrin α5 to lipid rafts promotes integrin activation and ligation, which is critical for oscillatory shear stress (OSS)-induced EC activation. However, the underlying mechanism of OSS promoted integrin α5 lipid raft translocation has remained largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to specify the mechanotransduction mechanism of OSS-induced integrin α5 translocation and subsequent EC activation. METHODS AND RESULTS Mass spectrometry studies identified endothelial ANXA2 (annexin A2) as a potential carrier allowing integrin α5β1 to traffic in response to OSS. Interference by siRNA of AnxA2 in ECs greatly decreased OSS-induced integrin α5β1 translocation to lipid rafts, EC activation, and monocyte adhesion. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of PTP1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) blunted OSS-induced integrin α5β1 activation, which is dependent on Piezo1-mediated calcium influx in ECs. Furthermore, ANXA2 was identified as a direct substrate of activated PTP1B by mass spectrometry. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assay, PTP1B-dephosphorylated ANXA2 at Y24 was found to lead to conformational freedom of the C-terminal core domain from the N-terminal domain of ANXA2. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that this unmasked ANXA2-C-terminal core domain specifically binds to an integrin α5 nonconserved cytoplasmic domain but not β1. Importantly, ectopic lentiviral overexpression of an ANXA2Y24F mutant increased and shRNA against Ptp1B decreased integrin α5β1 ligation, inflammatory signaling, and progression of plaques at atheroprone sites in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- mice. However, the antiatherosclerotic effect of Ptp1B shRNA was abolished in AnxA2-/-ApoE-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data elucidate a novel endothelial mechanotransduction molecular mechanism linking atheroprone flow and activation of integrin α5β1, thereby identifying a class of potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. Graphic Abstract: An graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Bochuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Huizhen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China (H.L., L.S., D.A.)
| | - Chunjiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Song Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.X., L.S.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.X., L.S.), Tianjin Medical University, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China (H.L., L.S., D.A.)
| | - Yi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China
| | - Ding Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases (C.Z., T.Z., Z.C., M.Y., B.L., H.L., C.W., Y.Z., D.A.), Tianjin Medical University, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases; Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China (H.L., L.S., D.A.)
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NBS1 is required for SPO11-linked DNA double-strand break repair in male meiosis. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2176-2190. [PMID: 31965061 PMCID: PMC7308329 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) pose a serious threat to genomic stability. Paradoxically, hundreds of programed DSBs are generated by SPO11 in meiotic prophase, which are exclusively repaired by homologous recombination (HR) to promote obligate crossover between homologous chromosomes. In somatic cells, MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex-dependent DNA end resection is a prerequisite for HR repair, especially for DSBs that are covalently linked with proteins or chemicals. Interestingly, all meiotic DSBs are linked with SPO11 after being generated. Although MRN complex’s function in meiotic DSB repair has been established in lower organisms, the role of MRN complex in mammalian meiotic DSB repair is not clear. Here, we show that MRN complex is essential for repairing meiotic SPO11-linked DSBs in male mice. In male germ cells, conditional inactivation of NBS1, a key component of MRN complex, causes dramatic reduction of DNA end resection and defective HR repair in meiotic prophase. NBS1 loss severely disrupts chromosome synapsis, generates abnormal chromosome structures, and eventually leads to meiotic arrest and male infertility in mice. Unlike in somatic cells, the recruitment of NBS1 to SPO11-linked DSB sites is MDC1-independent but requires other phosphorylated proteins. Collectively, our study not only reveals the significance of MRN complex in repairing meiotic DSBs but also discovers a unique mechanism that recruits MRN complex to SPO11-linked DSB sites.
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