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Liu M, Tao M, Li J, Sang M, Wu X, Luo H, Zhang J. Functional of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase with implications in innate immune reponse depend on CXXC active site. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104901. [PMID: 37531973 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in promoting the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens. It is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in fishes' adaptive immunity. The open reading frame of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) GILT (tsGILT) gene is 771 bp long, encoding 257 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 28.465 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 5.35. After induction with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of tsGILT mRNA was upregulated in spleen and kidney and recombinant tsGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. The refolded tsGILT was capable of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds against an IgG substrate depend on the active site CXXC motif at residues 75-78. The process of immune response to bacteria challenge needs GILT to catalyze the reduction of disulfide bond and unfolding native protein antigens, promoting their hydrolysis by proteases. Whether a single mutation or a double mutation of active site CXXC at residues75-78, the 3D structure of tsGILT protein has undergone major changes and lost its activity of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Mingxuan Tao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Institute of Aging Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, China
| | - Ming Sang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology Jiangsu Province Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Haibo Luo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Antigen Presentation and Autophagy in Teleost Adaptive Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094899. [PMID: 35563287 PMCID: PMC9103719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a burden for aquaculture. Antigen processing and presentation (APP) to the immune effector cells that fight pathogens is key in the adaptive immune response. At the core of the adaptive immunity that appeared in lower vertebrates during evolution are the variable genes encoding the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). MHC class I molecules mainly present peptides processed in the cytosol by the proteasome and transported to the cell surface of all cells through secretory compartments. Professional antigen-presenting cells (pAPC) also express MHC class II molecules, which normally present peptides processed from exogenous antigens through lysosomal pathways. Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradation process that is conserved in all eukaryotes and is induced by starvation to contribute to cellular homeostasis. Self-digestion during autophagy mainly occurs by the fusion of autophagosomes, which engulf portions of cytosol and fuse with lysosomes (macroautophagy) or assisted by chaperones (chaperone-mediated autophagy, CMA) that deliver proteins to lysosomes. Thus, during self-degradation, antigens can be processed to be presented by the MHC to immune effector cells, thus, linking autophagy to APP. This review is focused on the essential components of the APP that are conserved in teleost fish and the increasing evidence related to the modulation of APP and autophagy during pathogen infection.
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Gémez-Mata J, Souto S, Bandín I, Alonso MDC, Borrego JJ, Labella AM, García-Rosado E. Immune Response of Senegalese Sole against Betanodavirus Mutants with Modified Virulence. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111388. [PMID: 34832544 PMCID: PMC8621919 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV), genus Betanodavirus, the etiological agent of the viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), presents a genome with two positive-sense single-stranded RNA segments. Striped jack nervous necrosis virus (SJNNV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), together with reassortants RGNNV/SJNNV, are the betanodaviruses predominantly isolated in Southern Europe. An RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant isolated from Senegalese sole (wt160) causes high mortalities in this fish species. This virus presents differences in the sequence of the 3’ non-coding region (NCR) of both segments compared to RGNNV and SJNNV reference strains. Previously, it has been reported that the reversion of two of these differences (nucleotides 1408 and 1412) in the RNA2 3’NCR to the SJNNV-type (recombinant r1408-1412) resulted in a decrease in sole mortality. In the present study, we have applied an OpenArray® to analyse the involvement of sole immune response in the virulence of several recombinants: the r1408-1412 and two recombinants, developed in the present study, harbouring mutations at positions 3073 and 3093 of RNA1 3’NCR to revert them to RGNNV-type. According to the correlation values and to the number of expressed genes, the infection with the RNA2-mutant provoked the most different immune response compared to the immune response triggered after the infection with the rest of the viruses, and the exclusive and high upregulation of genes related to the complement system. The infection with the RNA1-mutants also provoked a decrease in mortality and their replication was delayed at least 24 h compared to the wt160 replication, which could provoke the lag observed in the immune response. Furthermore, the infection with the RNA1-mutants provoked the exclusive expression of pkr and the downregulation of il17rc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gémez-Mata
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Mi-Crobiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (M.d.C.A.); (J.J.B.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Sandra Souto
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.S.); (I.B.)
| | - Isabel Bandín
- Instituto de Acuicultura, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.S.); (I.B.)
| | - María del Carmen Alonso
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Mi-Crobiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (M.d.C.A.); (J.J.B.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Juan José Borrego
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Mi-Crobiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (M.d.C.A.); (J.J.B.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Alejandro Manuel Labella
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Mi-Crobiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (M.d.C.A.); (J.J.B.); (A.M.L.)
| | - Esther García-Rosado
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Mi-Crobiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (M.d.C.A.); (J.J.B.); (A.M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952131607
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A connexin/ifi30 pathway bridges HSCs with their niche to dampen oxidative stress. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4484. [PMID: 34301940 PMCID: PMC8302694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent a by-product of metabolism and their excess is toxic for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). During embryogenesis, a small number of HSPCs are produced from the hemogenic endothelium, before they colonize a transient organ where they expand, for example the fetal liver in mammals. In this study, we use zebrafish to understand the molecular mechanisms that are important in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (equivalent to the mammalian fetal liver) to promote HSPC expansion. High levels of ROS are deleterious for HSPCs in this niche, however this is rescued by addition of antioxidants. We show that Cx41.8 is important to lower ROS levels in HSPCs. We also demonstrate a new role for ifi30, known to be involved in the immune response. In the hematopoietic niche, Ifi30 can recycle oxidized glutathione to allow HSPCs to dampen their levels of ROS, a role that could be conserved in human fetal liver. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are metabolic by-products which in excess can be toxic for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here the authors show that toxic ROS are transferred by expanding HSPCs to the zebrafish developmental niche via connexin Cx41.8, where Ifi30 promotes their detoxification.
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Wei H, Zhou J, Xu C, Movahedi A, Sun W, Li D, Zhuge Q. Identification and Characterization of an OSH1 Thiol Reductase from Populus Trichocarpa. Cells 2019; 9:E76. [PMID: 31892265 PMCID: PMC7017176 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma-induced lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is abundantly expressed in antigen-presenting cells and participates in the treatment and presentation of antigens by major histocompatibility complex II. Also, GILT catalyzes the reduction of disulfide bonds, which plays an important role in cellular immunity. (1) Background: At present, the studies of GILT have mainly focused on animals. In plants, GILT homologous gene (Arabidopsis thalianaOSH1: AtOSH1) was discovered in the forward screen of mutants with compromised responses to sulphur nutrition. However, the complete properties and functions of poplar OSH1 are unclear. In addition, CdCl2 stress is swiftly engulfing the limited land resources on which humans depend, restricting agricultural production. (2) Methods: A prokaryotic expression system was used to produce recombinant PtOSH1 protein, and Western blotting was performed to identify its activity. In addition, a simplified version of the floral-dip method was used to transform A. thaliana. (3) Results: Here, we describe the identification and characterization of OSH1 from Populus trichocarpa. The deduced PtOSH1 sequence contained CQHGX2ECX2NX4C and CXXC motifs. The transcript level of PtOSH1 was increased by cadmium (Cd) treatment. In addition, recombinant PtOSH1 reduced disulfide bonds. A stress assay showed that PtOSH1-overexpressing (OE) A. thaliana lines had greater resistance to Cd than wild-type (WT) plants. Also, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in PtOSH1-OE plants were significantly higher than those in WT A. thaliana. These results indicate that PtOSH1 likely plays an important role in the response to Cd by regulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system. (4) Conclusions: PtOSH1 catalyzes the reduction of disulfide bonds and behaves as a sulfhydryl reductase under acidic conditions. The overexpression of PtOSH1 in A. thaliana promoted root development, fresh weight, and dry weight; upregulated the expression levels of ROS scavenging-related genes; and improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes, enhancing plant tolerance to cadmium (Cd) stress. This study aimed to provide guidance that will facilitate future studies of the function of PtOSH1 in the response of plants to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 211153, China;
| | - Chen Xu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Resource Utilization, Nanjing Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Weibo Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Dawei Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (H.W.); (C.X.); (A.M.); (W.S.); (D.L.)
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Liu M, Liu L, Abbas MN, Kausar S, Zhang JW, Ye ZZ, Qian XY, Zhao XM, Chu SH, Dai LS. Involvement of gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase in the innate immune responses of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 99:103405. [PMID: 31145913 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Gamma interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key biological role in the immune responses and involves in the processing of class II MHC-restricted antigen by stimulating disulfide bond reduction in mammals. To determine the biological function of GILT in the innate immune system of crustaceans, we sequenced and cloned GILT gene from red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Pc-GILT). The deduced amino acid sequence of Pc-GILT contained the putative conserved structures of the GILT family proteins: the GILT signature (CQHGX2ECX2NX4C) sequence and the active site (CXXS) motif. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analysis suggested that a recombinant Pc-GILT protein was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that Pc-GILT transcript level was highest in the hepatopancreas followed by the gut, heart and muscles. Additionally, we analyzed the transcription level of Pc-GILT gene in hepatopancreas of red swamp crayfish under biotic stress conditions. The expression of Pc-GILT gene upregulated after viral (poly I:C) and bacterial (peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccharide) infection. The suppression of Pc-GILT by double stranded RNA influenced the transcript levels of various immune-related genes. These observations indicate that the Pc-GILT probably plays a key biological role in the innate immune responses of red swamp crayfish, since it modulates the expression of genes associated with immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kausar
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Wei Zhang
- Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Supervision and Management Bureau, Xuancheng, 242000, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ze Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Xing-Yi Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Hui Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
| | - Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China.
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Pang Z, Zhang Y, Liu L. Identification and functional characterization of interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella japonica. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:627-634. [PMID: 30529465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is a pivotal enzyme involved in the histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigen processing whereby it catalyzes the disulfide bond reduction in the endocytic pathway. Here, a novel GILT homologue termed as SjGILT firstly identified from common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella japonica. SjGILT shared domain topology containing a signal peptide, a signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, an activate-site CXXC motif, two potential N-glycosylation sites and six conserved cysteins with its counterparts in other animals. SjGILT transcripts were constitutively expressed in all examined tissues in S. japonica, with the higher expression levels in immune-related tissues such as pancreas, intestines, liver and gills. Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, SjGILT transcripts were significantly induced in liver and gill tissues, and SjGILT protein transferred to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. Further study showed that recombinant SjGILT had obvious thiol reductase activity demonstrated by reducing the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG under acidic conditions. Taken together, these results suggested that SjGILT may be involved in the immune response to bacteria challenge, and then might play an important role in the processing of MHC class II-restricted antigens in S. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Pang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China
| | - Liqin Liu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316004, China.
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Cao F, Wu H, Lv T, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu S, Hu L, Xu X, Ma L, Zhang X, Li J, Bi X, Gu W, Zhang S. Molecular and biological characterization of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:73-78. [PMID: 29729312 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in the processing of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens by catalyzing disulfide bonds reduction. Herein, a GILT homolog (ScGILT) was identified from silver carp. Its open reading frame covers 771 base pairs, encoding a protein of 256 amino acids that possesses GILT signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, active-site CXXC motif, and two potential N-linked glycosylation sites. The predicted tertiary structures of ScGILT and other GILTs were quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs. ScGILT mRNA was constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, with high-level expression in fish immune organs, spleen and head kidney. After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of ScGILT mRNA significantly increased in spleen and head kidney cells, and ScGILT protein translocated to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. Recombinant ScGILT fused with a His6 tag was expressed and purified, and could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG at pH 4.5. These results suggested that ScGILT was capable of catalyzing disulfide bonds reduction, and then might play an important role in the processing of MHC class II-restricted antigens in silver carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tongtong Lv
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunqing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuaimei Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xixi Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Qin Z, Babu VS, Wan Q, Zhou M, Liang R, Muhammad A, Zhao L, Li J, Lan J, Lin L. Transcriptome analysis of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus reveals unique immune-related genes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:164-174. [PMID: 29567139 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important cultural species worldwide. However, Vibrio spp. infections have caused a great economic loss in Pacific white shrimp culture industry. The immune responses of Pacific white shrimp to the Vibrio spp. is not fully characterized. In this study, the transcriptomic profiles of L. vannamei hemocytes were explored by injecting with or without Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Totally, 42,632 high-quality unigenes were obtained from RNAseq data. Comparative genome analysis showed 2258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) following the Vibrio challenge, including 1017 up-regulated and 1241 down-regulated genes. Eight DEGs were randomly selected for further validation by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and the results showed that are consistent with the RNA-seq data. Due to the lack of predictable adaptive immunity, shrimps rely on an innate immune system to defend themselves against invading microbes by recognizing and clearing them through humoral and cellular immune responses. Here we focused our studies on the humoral immunity, five genes (SR, MNK, CTL3, GILT, and ALFP) were selected from the transcriptomic data, which were significantly up-regulated by V. parahaemolyticus infection. These genes were widely expressed in six different tissues and were up-regulated by both Gram negative bacteria (V. parahaemolyticus) and Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). To further extend our studies, we knock-down those five genes by dsRNA in L. vannamei and analyzed the functions of specific genes against V. parahaemolyticus and S. aureus by bacterial clearance analysis. We found that the ability of L. vannamei was significantly reduced in bacterial clearance when treated with those specific dsRNA. These results indicate that those five genes play essential roles in antibacterial immunity and have its specific functions against different types of pathogens. The obtained data will shed a new light on the immunity of L. vannamei and pave a new way for fighting against the bacterial infection in Pacific white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Qin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - V Sarath Babu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Quanyuan Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Risheng Liang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Asim Muhammad
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, 49783, USA
| | - Jiangfeng Lan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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10
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You X, Liu L, Li X, Du H, Nie D, Zhang X, Tong H, Wu M, Gao Y, Liao Z. Immune response of interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) from Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) to microbial invasion and its antioxdative activity in lipopolysaccharides-treated mammalian dentritic cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:356-366. [PMID: 29133251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in the major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen processing of endocytosed proteins via catalyzing the disulfide bond reduction in the endocytic pathway. Here, the cDNA of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) GILT (CsGILT) was cloned. It contained an open reading frame of 762 nucleotides encoding a protein of 254 amino acids with an estimated molecular weight of 28.1 kDa. The characteristic structural features, including a signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, a CXXC motif, two potential N-glycosylation sites, and eight conserved cysteines were detected in the deduced amino acid sequence of CsGILT. CsGILT was widely expressed in Chinese sturgeon with the highest expression in the spleen, and CsGILT mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated when Chinese sturgeons were challenged with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid or Vibrio anguillarum. The recombinant CsGILT displayed obvious thiol reductase activity demonstrated by catalyzing the reduction of mouse IgG(H+L) by dithiothreitol into heavy chain and light chain. CsGILT also displayed significant antioxidant activity in mouse dentritic cells as indicated by its increasing GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio, decreasing intracellular reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide levels and lipid peroxidation, as well as enhancing the activities of the antioxidative redox enzymes including catalase and superoxide dismutase. Our results suggested an important role for CsGILT in the immune response in Chinese sturgeon to pathogen invasion possibly via a conserved functional mechanism throughout vertebrate evolution, contributing to our understanding the immune biology and protection of Chinese sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling You
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiuyu Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Hejun Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Institute of Chinese Sturgeon, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang 443100, China
| | - Dongsong Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haibing Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yitian Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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11
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Yang Q, Zhang J, Hu L, Lu J, Sang M, Zhang S. Molecular structure and functional characterization of the gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in largemouth bass (Microptenus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:689-696. [PMID: 26477576 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a role in facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens and is also involved in MHC I-restricted antigens in adaptive immunity catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from largemouth bass (designated 'lbGILT'), a freshwater fish belonging to Perciformes and known for its nutritive value. We obtained the full-length cDNA of lbGILT by reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends. This cDNA is comprised of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 189 bp, and an open reading frame of 771 bp. It encodes a protein of 256 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 28.548 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.62. The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILTs, including an active site motif, two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, a GILT signature sequence, and six conserved cysteines. Tissue-specific expression of lbGILT was shown by real-time quantitative PCR. The expression of lbGILT mRNA was obviously up regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide. Recombinant lbGILT was produced as an inclusion body with a His6 tag in ArcticExpress (DE3), and the protein was then washed, solubilized, and refolded. The refolded lbGILT showed reduction activity against an IgG substrate. These results suggest that lbGILT plays a role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ming Sang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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12
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Huang WS, Duan LP, Huang B, Zhou LH, Liang Y, Tu CL, Zhang FF, Nie P, Wang T. Identification of three IFN-γ inducible lysosomal thiol reductase ( GILT )-like genes in mud crab Scylla paramamosain with distinct gene organizations and patterns of expression. Gene 2015; 570:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Li JF, Li J, Wang ZG, Liu HZ, Zhao YL, Zhang JX, Zhang SQ, Liu JP. Identification of interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and its immune response to LPS challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:465-472. [PMID: 25447639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. In this study, we cloned a GILT gene homolog from goldfish (designated gGILT), a kind of precious freshwater fish with high market value. The open reading frame of gGILT consists of 756 bases encoding a protein of 251 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 27.8 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.24. The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, a GILT signature sequence, and 10 conserved cysteines. RT-PCR results showed that gGILT and gIFN-γ (goldfish IFN-γ) mRNA were expressed in a tissue-specific manner and obviously up-regulated in splenocytes and the cells from head kidney after induction with LPS. Recombinant gGILT fused with His6 tag was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Further study revealed that gGILT was capable of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds from intact IgG. This study shows that gGILT may be involved in the immune response to bacteria challenge and maintain first line of innate immune defense at basal level in goldfish. It also provides the basis for investigating on the role of GILT using goldfish as an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Feng Li
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China.
| | - Jian Li
- The People's No 4 Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311225, China
| | - Zhi Guo Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China
| | - Hong Zhen Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210046, China
| | - You Long Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210046, China
| | - Jin Xi Zhang
- The People's No 4 Hospital of Xiaoshan, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311225, China
| | - Shuang Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210046, China.
| | - Jun Ping Liu
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China.
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14
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Ren C, Chen T, Jiang X, Luo X, Wang Y, Hu C. The first echinoderm gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) identified from sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 42:41-49. [PMID: 25449705 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been described as a key enzyme that facilitating the processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted antigen in mammals. In this study, the first echinoderm GILT named StmGILT was identified from sea cucumber (Stichopus monotuberculatus). The StmGILT cDNA is 1529 bp in length, containing a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 87 bp, a 3'-UTR of 674 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 768 bp that encoding a protein of 255 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 27.82 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 4.73. The putative StmGILT protein possesses all the main characteristics of known GILT proteins, including a signature sequence, a reductase active site CXXC, twelve conserved cysteines, and two potential N-linked glycosylation sites. For the gene structure, StmGILT contains four exons separated by three introns. In the promoter region of StmGILT gene, an NF-κB binding site and an IFN-γ activation site were found. The thiol reductase activity of recombinant StmGILT protein was also demonstrated in this study. In addition, the highest level of mRNA expression was noticed in coelomocytes of S. monotuberculatus. In in vitro experiments performed in coelomocytes, the expression of StmGILT mRNA was significantly up-regulated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS), inactivated bacteria or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] challenge, suggested that the sea cucumber GILT might play critical roles in the innate immune defending against bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Xing Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Yanhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology of Guangdong Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
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15
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Wu C, Zhang D, Kan M, Lv Z, Zhu A, Su Y, Zhou D, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Xu M, Jiang L, Guo B, Wang T, Chi C, Mao Y, Zhou J, Yu X, Wang H, Weng X, Jin JG, Ye J, He L, Liu Y. The draft genome of the large yellow croaker reveals well-developed innate immunity. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5227. [PMID: 25407894 PMCID: PMC4263168 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea, is one of the most economically important marine fish species endemic to China. Its wild stocks have severely suffered from overfishing, and the aquacultured species are vulnerable to various marine pathogens. Here we report the creation of a draft genome of a wild large yellow croaker using a whole-genome sequencing strategy. We estimate the genome size to be 728 Mb with 19,362 protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the stickleback is most closely related to the large yellow croaker. Rapidly evolving genes under positive selection are significantly enriched in pathways related to innate immunity. We also confirm the existence of several genes and identify the expansion of gene families that are important for innate immunity. Our results may reflect a well-developed innate immune system in the large yellow croaker, which could aid in the development of wild resource preservation and mariculture strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwen Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mengyuan Kan
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhengmin Lv
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Aiyi Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yongquan Su
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Daizhan Zhou
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Meiying Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Baoying Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Changfeng Chi
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Yong Mao
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiajian Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xinxiu Yu
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Hailing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiaoling Weng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jason Gang Jin
- ShanghaiBio Corporation, 675 US Highway One, North Brunswick, New Jersey 08902, USA
| | - Junyi Ye
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Center, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Kongton K, McCall K, Phongdara A. Identification of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) homologues in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 44:389-396. [PMID: 24491521 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been demonstrated to be involved in the immune response to bacterial challenge in various organisms. However, little is known about GILT function in innate immunity. Drosophila has been commonly used as a model for the study of the innate immune response of invertebrates. Here, we identify the CG9796, CG10157, and CG13822 genes of fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as GILT homologues. All deduced Drosophila GILT coding sequences contained the major characteristic features of the GILT protein family: the GILT signature CQHGX2ECX2NX4C sequence and the active site CXXC or CXXS motif. The mRNA transcript levels of the Drosophila GILT genes were up-regulated after Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli DH5α infection. Moreover, a bacterial load assay showed that over-expression of Drosophila GILT in fat body or hemocytes led to a low bacterial colony number whereas knock-down of Drosophila GILT in fat body or hemocytes led to a high bacterial colony number when compared to a wild-type control. These results indicate that the Drosophila GILTs are very likely to play a role in the innate immune response upon bacterial challenge of Drosophila host defense. This study may provide the basis for further study on GILT function in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittima Kongton
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kimberly McCall
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Amornrat Phongdara
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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17
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Song J, Liu H, Ma L, Ma L, Gao C, Zhang S. Molecular cloning, expression and functional characterization of interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene from mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:275-281. [PMID: 24698993 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II-restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction, thus unfolding native protein Ag and facilitating subsequent cleavage by proteases. For this important function in the immune system, we cloned a GILT gene homologue from mandarin fish (designated mGILT), a kind of precious freshwater fish with high market value. Through reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategies, we obtained the full-length cDNA of mGILT, which consists of 1008 bp with a 771 bp open reading frame, encoding a protein of 256 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of 28.47 kDa. The deduced protein possesses the typical structural features of known GILT proteins, including an active-site motif, a GILT signature sequence, and 6 conserved cysteines. The result of real-time quantitative PCR showed that mGILT mRNA was expressed in a tissue-specific manner. In addition, the expression of mGILT mRNA was obviously up-regulated in splenocytes and kidney after induction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recombinant mGILT fused with His6 tag was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified using Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid resin. Further study revealed that mGILT exhibit thiol reductase activity on IgG substrate. These results suggest mGILT is highly likely to play a role in the immune responses in mandarin fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Hongzhen Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Li Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Cuixiang Gao
- Medical Department, Yancheng Institute of Health Sciences, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China; Medical Department, Yancheng Institute of Health Sciences, Yancheng 224005, China.
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18
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Zhou L, Yan W, Yang L, Chen H, Cao Q, Ren W. Isolation of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) from the Yangtze finless porpoise. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:652-656. [PMID: 23817143 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we isolated the cDNA of a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT), which is critical for innate immune regulation, from the Yangtze finless porpoise (FpGILT). This gene encoded a protein with 244 amino acids and a predicted molecular weight of 28 kDa. The amino acid sequence of FpGILT includes an active-site CXXC motif, a GILT signature sequence, CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, and three N-linked glycosylation sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that FpGILT and other GILT family members were derived from a common ancestor and finless porpoises are closely related to artiodactyla. Recombinant protein (FpsGILT) was then efficiently expressed and purified, and thiol reductase activity assays suggested that FpGILT catalyses disulfide bond reduction. These findings provide a basis for understanding the characteristics of immunity in the finless porpoise and other aquatic mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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19
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Liu M, Ai H, Xiao W, Shen Y, Shen Y, Cui X, Zhang S. Identification of interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene from Mefugu (Takifugu obscures) and its immune response to LPS challenge. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:120-127. [PMID: 23669023 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II-restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. In this study, a Mefugu cDNA (ToGILT) encodes a deduced protein of 242 amino acids with a putative molecular weight of 28.6 kDa. It contains typical features of GILT proteins including the signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, CXXC motif and other five cysteines. Genomic analysis revealed that ToGILT gene exhibited a similar exon-intron organization to human and mouse GILT. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ToGILT derived from a common ancestor with other vertebrate GILT proteins. The ToGILT mRNA was expressed in a tissue-specific manner and obviously up-regulated in spleen and kidney after LPS induction. These results suggest that ToGILT may be involved in the immune response to bacteria challenge in Takifugu obscurus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Liu M, Liu H, Guan X, Ai H, Wu H, Liu P, Gu W, Zhang S. Characterization and expression of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with implications for GILT in innate immune response. Immunogenetics 2013; 65:873-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yang L, Cao X, Ji X, Liu H, Wu H, Gu W, Zhang S. Molecular structure, tissue distribution and functional characterization of interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in chicken (Gallus gallus). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 153:140-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cui XW, Ji CB, Cao XG, Fu ZY, Zhang SQ, Guo XR. Molecular and biological characterization of interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase gene in zebrafish (Danio rerio). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:1133-1138. [PMID: 22982335 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been demonstrated to play a key role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II-restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction, thus unfolding native protein Ag and facilitating subsequent cleavage by proteases. Here, we reported the cloning of a GILT gene homologue from zebrafish (zGILT), a tropical freshwater fish. The full-length cDNA of zGILT gene is 768 nucleotides (nt) encoding a protein of 255 amino acids (aa), with a putative molecular weight of 28.33 kDa. The deduced protein is highly homologous to that of fish and mammalian GILTs and shares 57.1% sequence identity to that of Atlantic salmon and 55.7-21.6% sequence identity to that of various mammals. The deduced protein possesses all the main features characteristic of known GILT proteins including the signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C spanning residues 117-132, CXXC motif at residues 72-75, one potential sites for N-linked glycosylation at residual positions 54. The zGILT expression is obviously up-regulated in spleen and kidney after immunization with LPS although it also is constitutively expressed in heart, liver, muscle and intestine, suggesting that zGILT may be involved in the immune response to bacterial challenge. The soluble recombinant protein was successfully purified using Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid resin. Recombinant His-zsGILT appeared on SDS-PAGE in the ranges of their estimated size of 18.94-kDa. After purification, further study revealed that zsGILT was capable of catalyzing the reduction of the interchain disulfide bonds intact IgG. These results will allow for further investigation to unravel the role of this key enzyme in class II MHC-restricted antigen processing and to use zebrafish as an in vivo model for related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-wei Cui
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology & Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
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Cloning and expression analysis of interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase gene in South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:2091-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hastings KT, Cresswell P. Disulfide reduction in the endocytic pathway: immunological functions of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:657-68. [PMID: 21506690 PMCID: PMC3125571 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is constitutively expressed in most antigen presenting cells and is interferon γ inducible in other cell types via signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. Normally, N- and C-terminal propeptides are cleaved in the early endosome, and the mature protein resides in late endosomes and lysosomes. Correspondingly, GILT has maximal reductase activity at an acidic pH. Monocyte differentiation via Toll-like receptor 4 triggers secretion of a disulfide-linked dimer of the enzymatically active precursor, which may contribute to inflammation. GILT facilitates major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted processing through reduction of protein disulfide bonds in the endocytic pathway and is hypothesized to expose buried epitopes for MHC class II binding. GILT can also facilitate the transfer of disulfide-containing antigens into the cytosol, enhancing their cross-presentation by MHC class I. A variety of antigens are strongly influenced by GILT-mediated reduction, including hen egg lysozyme, melanocyte differentiation antigens, and viral envelope glycoproteins. In addition, GILT is conserved among lower eukaryotes and likely has additional functions. For example, GILT expression increases the stability of superoxide dismutase 2 and decreases reactive oxygen species, which correlates with decreased cellular proliferation. It is also a critical host factor for infection with Listeria monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Taraszka Hastings
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona 85004,
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Ai HX, Zhang ZZ, Shen YF, Zhang JX, Zhou XM, Min C, Zhu SY, Zhang SQ. Molecular structure, phylogenetic analysis, tissue distribution, and function characterization of interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in sheep (Ovis aries). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2011; 140:329-34. [PMID: 21334075 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-γ-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays a key role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II-restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction. In this study, a sheep cDNA, sGILT, encoding GILT protein was isolated from the spleen cDNA library of Ovis aries. It codes for a deduced protein of 244 amino acids with a putative molecular weight of 27.6 kDa, which has all the typical structural features of GILT protein including an active-site CXXC motif, a GILT signature sequence CQHGX(2)ECX(2)NX(4)C, and 5 conserved cysteines. Sequence comparison indicated the amino acid sequence of sGILT showed high identity to cow GILT (93.03%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that sGILT and cow GILT shared the greatest homology. The result of real-time PCR suggested that sGILT mRNA was expressed in a tissue-specific manner and obviously up-regulated in splenocytes and PBMCs after induction with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Recombinant sGILT fused with His(6) tag was efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Its expression was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis. Thiol reductase activity was assessed using antibody as the substrate. These results suggest that sGILT has the activity of disulfide bond reduction and indicate that sheep also express a protein that has been found to maintain first line of innate immune defense at basal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-xin Ai
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the interferon-γ-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase gene from the shrimp Penaeus monodon. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:3463-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Zhang D, Pan D, Cui S, Su T, Qiu L, Zhu C, Jiang S. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of interferon-gamma-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene from pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 34:969-976. [PMID: 20444427 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is an important thiol reductase, involved in class, MHC-restricted antigen processing by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction in mammals. Herein, we describe the identification and characterization of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata GILT (designated as poGILT). The poGILT cDNA was 1273bp long and consisted of a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 24bp, a 3'-UTR of 484bp with two cytokine RNA instability motifs (ATTTA), and an open reading frame (ORF) of 765bp encoding a polypeptide of 254 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 28.9kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.4. The N-terminus of the poGILT was found to have a putative signal peptide with a cleavage site amino acid position at 19-20. SMART analysis showed that the poGILT contained a GILT active-site C(69)PDC(72) motif and a GILT signature motif C(115)QHGKEECIGNLIETC(130). Homology analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the poGILT with other known GILT sequences by MatGAT software revealed that the poGILT shared 42.9-67.3% similarity and 22.9-49.8% identity to the other known GILT sequences. The expression level of poGILT mRNA was higher in digestive gland, moderate in adductor muscle, gills, gonad, intestine and mantle, and lower in hemocytes. The poGILT mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in gill and digestive gland after LPS or V. alginolyticus stimulation, respectively. These results suggested that the poGILT was a constitutively expressed acute-phase protein, the expression of which can be enhanced after LPS or V. algrinolyticus stimulation, perhaps involved in the innate immune response of pearl oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianchang Zhang
- Division of Aquaculture and Biotechnology, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
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Lilleeng E, Penn MH, Haugland O, Xu C, Bakke AM, Krogdahl A, Landsverk T, Frøystad-Saugen MK. Decreased expression of TGF-beta, GILT and T-cell markers in the early stages of soybean enteropathy in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 27:65-72. [PMID: 19427383 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the early expression of T-cell markers and genes potentially involved in the induction of soybean meal (SBM) enteropathy in the distal intestine (DI) of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Quantitative PCR was used to study the expression of CD3, CD8beta, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), interferon-gamma-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in salmon fed SBM for 1, 3 and 7 days using fish fed fishmeal as controls. In the same tissue, the morphological development of SBM enteropathy was evaluated by routine histology and the presence of T cells was mapped by immunohistochemistry. TGF-beta was significantly down-regulated on all days of feeding SBM. GILT was significantly down-regulated on days 3 and 7 compared to day 1. A depression in the expression of T-cell markers was observed on day 3 whereas increased densities of T cells were observed at the base of mucosal folds after 7 days of feeding SBM. Down-regulation of GILT and TGF-beta may lead to sensitization of intraepithelial lymphocytes and failure to maintain normal mucosal integrity in the DI. These responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of SBM enteropathy in Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Lilleeng
- Aquaculture Protein Centre, Norwegian Centre of Excellence, As, Norway
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of porcine γ-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT). Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 126:163-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lotze MT, Zeh HJ, Rubartelli A, Sparvero LJ, Amoscato AA, Washburn NR, Devera ME, Liang X, Tör M, Billiar T. The grateful dead: damage-associated molecular pattern molecules and reduction/oxidation regulate immunity. Immunol Rev 2008; 220:60-81. [PMID: 17979840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2007.00579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The response to pathogens and damage in plants and animals involves a series of carefully orchestrated, highly evolved, molecular mechanisms resulting in pathogen resistance and wound healing. In metazoans, damage- or pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs, PAMPs) execute precise intracellular tasks and are also able to exert disparate functions when released into the extracellular space. The emergent consequence for both inflammation and wound healing of the abnormal extracellular persistence of these factors may underlie many clinical disorders. DAMPs/PAMPs are recognized by hereditable receptors including the Toll-like receptors, the NOD1-like receptors and retinoic-acid-inducible gene I-like receptors, as well as the receptor for advanced glycation end products. These host molecules 'sense' not only pathogens but also misfolded/glycated proteins or exposed hydrophobic portions of molecules, activating intracellular cascades that lead to an inflammatory response. Equally important are means to not only respond to these molecules but also to eradicate them. We have speculated that their destruction through oxidative mechanisms normally exerted by myeloid cells, such as neutrophils and eosinophils, or their persistence in the setting of pathologic extracellular reducing environments, maintained by exuberant necrotic cell death and/or oxidoreductases, represent important molecular means enabling chronic inflammatory states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, G.27A Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Dan WB, Ren F, Zhang C, Zhang SQ. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of interferon-gamma-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase gene in orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 23:1315-1323. [PMID: 17981053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, interferon-gamma-inducible-lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been demonstrated to play a key role in the processing and presentation of MHC class II-restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond reduction, thus unfolding native protein Ag and facilitating subsequent cleavage by proteases. In this study a cDNA containing the orange-spotted grouper GILT (OsgGILT) coding sequence has been cloned and its complete sequence determined. The full-length cDNA of OsgGILT gene is 1066 bp nucleotides (nt) encoding a protein of 260 amino acids (aa), with a putative molecular weight of 28.7 kDa. The deduced OsgGILT possesses the typical structural feature of mammalian GILT, including an active-site CXXC motif, a GILT signature sequence CQHGX(2)ECX(2)NX(4)C, and 10 conserved cysteines. The result of real-time PCR showed that OsgGILT mRNA was expressed in heart, liver, brain, gill, kidney and muscle and more highly expressed in spleen. The OsgGILT expression is obviously up-regulated in spleen and kidney after induction with LPS, these results suggest that OsgGILT may be involved in the immune response to LPS challenge in orange-spotted grouper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bing Dan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210097, China
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De Zoysa M, Lee J. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of interferon-γ inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT)-like cDNA from disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus). J Invertebr Pathol 2007; 96:221-9. [PMID: 17599346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 05/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interferon Gamma (IFN-gamma) Inducible Lysosomal Thiol reductase (GILT) has been described as a key enzyme in processing and presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II restricted antigen (Ag) by catalyzing disulfide bond (S-S) reduction in mammals. Abalone GILT-like (AbGILT) full-length cDNA was isolated from the normalized disk abalone cDNA library. The 807-bp AbGILT cDNA consists of an open reading frame of 684-bp, encoding 228 amino acid residues. The predicted AbGILT protein has a molecular weight of 25kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.8. The N-terminus of the AbGILT was found to have a putative signal peptide with a cleavage site amino acid position at 19-20. AbGILT contains two active site C-XX-C motifs, ((23)CLDC(26) and (46)CPYC(49)) which motif is highly conserved in GILT protein family. AbGILT exhibited a characteristic GILT signature sequence (92)CQHGX(2)ECX(2)NX(4)C(107) and 12 cysteine residues representing 5% in the mature peptide. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AbGILT has been derived from a common ancestor with other GILT proteins. RT-PCR results showed that AbGILT expression was up-regulated in the gill, mantle and digestive tract 24h post injection of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) while Vibrio alginolyticus up-regulation appeared in the gill and digestive tract after 48h. In contrast, AbGILT expression was not up-regulated by poly inosinic-cytidylic acid (poly I:C) during the 48h induction. However, AbGILT was constitutively expressed in gill, mantle, and digestive tract tissues suggesting that it may maintain first line of innate immune defense at basal level in disk abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahanama De Zoysa
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, College of Ocean Science, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Zheng W, Tian C, Chen X. Molecular characterization of goose-type lysozyme homologue of large yellow croaker and its involvement in immune response induced by trivalent bacterial vaccine as an acute-phase protein. Immunol Lett 2007; 113:107-16. [PMID: 17850883 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 06/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme acts as an innate immunity molecule against the invasion of bacterial pathogens. Here, the cDNA of a goose-type lysozyme (g-lysozyme) was cloned from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciana crocea) by expressed sequence tags (EST) and RACE-PCR techniques. The full-length cDNA of large yellow croaker g-lysozyme (LycGL) is 716 nucleotides (nt) encoding a protein of 193 amino acids (aa), with a theoretical molecular weight of 21.3kDa. The deduced LycGL possessed the typical structural features of g-lysozyme, including three catalytic residues (E71, D84, D101) and four substrate binding sites (L97, L121, L128, G152). Genomic analysis revealed that the LycGL gene consisting of 2383nt, contained five exons interrupted by four introns and exhibited a similar exon-intron organization to its homologues in Japanese flounder and Chinese perch, except for having a much longer intron 1 in the LycGL gene. Recombinant LycGL produced in Pichia pastoris exhibited obvious lytic activity against Micrococcus lysodeikticus and several fish pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas sobria, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnficus. Tissue expression profile analysis showed that LycGL mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues examined, such as spleen, head kidney, intestine, liver, gills and heart, although at a different level. Upon stimulation with trivalent bacterial vaccine, LycGL mRNA levels in intestine, spleen and head kidney were quickly up-regulated and had 10.32-, 10.2- and 8.26-fold increases, respectively, and LycGL transcripts in intestine and head kidney reached their peak levels at 24h post-induction and then decreased gradually while LycGL mRNA in spleen increased to its highest level at 48h. These results suggest that LycGL may be involved in antibacterial immune response activated by bacterial vaccine as an acute-phase molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen, PR China
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Liu G, Zhang J, Chen X. Molecular and functional characterization of a CD59 analogue from large yellow croaker Pseudosciana crocea. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:3661-71. [PMID: 17531319 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CD59 is a widely distributed membrane-bound inhibitor of the cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement. Here, the cDNA of a CD59 analogue was cloned from large yellow croaker (Pseudosciana crocea), a marine fish (LycCD59), by expressed sequence tags (EST) and RACE techniques. The open reading frame (ORF) of 351 nucleotides (nt) of LycCD59 encodes a polypeptide of 117 amino acids (aa), which includes a putative 20-aa NH(2)-signal peptide and a 97-aa coding region with a putative GPI-anchoring site at Asn(71). The deduced LycCD59 protein shared the structural feature of mammalian CD59, including a conserved cysteine skeleton responsible for the formation of disulfide bonds, and a similar pattern of hydrophobic termini. RT-PCR analysis showed that LycCD59 mRNA was broadly expressed in various tissues examined, except for intestine. And Northern blot analysis revealed a single LycCD59 transcript of approximately 1.0kb. LycCD59 expression in blood, spleen, and kidney was significantly up-regulated during 24h of induction with poly(I:C) or inactivated trivalent bacterial vaccine as determined by a relative quantitative real-time PCR analysis, and a coordinated up-regulation of LycCD59 and complement C3 and C7 mRNA was also found in these three tissues post-induction although their up-regulation pattern and extent were somewhat different in various tissues with poly(I:C) or bacterial vaccine. The recombinant protein of LycCD59 produced in E. coli was shown to significantly inhibit the erythrocyte lysis of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in an in vitro hemolytic system, which was mediated by serum from large yellow croaker and tilapia, respectively, but not from mouse and chicken, suggesting that LycCD59 has a species-selective inhibition of complement activation. These results represent the first functional identification of a CD59 analogue in teleost fish, strongly suggesting the presence of regulatory mechanism for terminal complement pathway in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, PR China
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35
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Liu N, Zhang S, Liu Z, Gaowa S, Wang Y. Characterization and expression of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri with implications for GILT in innate immune response. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:2631-7. [PMID: 17250895 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An amphioxus cDNA, AmphiGILT, encoding GILT protein was isolated from the gut cDNA library of Branchiostoma belcheri. It codes for a deduced protein of 254 amino acids, which has all the main features typical of GILT proteins including the signature sequence CQHGX(2)CX(2)NX(4)C, CXXC motif and 11 conserved cysteines. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AmphiGILT and sea urchin GILT clubbed together and positioned at the base of vertebrate GILT clade, suggesting that both AmphiGILT and sea urchin GILT might share some characteristics of the archetype of vertebrate GILT proteins. The genomic DNA sequence of B. floridae contains seven exons and six introns, which is similar to vertebrate GILT exon-intron organization. AmphiGILT was expressed in a tissue-specific manner with the most abundant mRNA in the digestive system including hepatic caecum and hind-gut. It was also found that mammalian IFN-gamma only exerted a slight effect on the expression of GILT gene in amphioxus, forming a contrast to the marked induction of human and mouse GILT expression by IFN-gamma. Taken the absence of the adaptive immune system including MHC class II molecules and lymphocytes into consideration, these results suggest that AmphiGILT is highly likely to play a role in the innate immune responses in amphioxus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiguo Liu
- Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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