1
|
Dias PB, Messias-Reason I, Hokazono K, Nisihara R. The role of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in diabetic retinopathy: A scoping review. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106863. [PMID: 38705482 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic disease characterized by a multifactorial nature, which may lead to several macro and microvascular complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most severe microvascular complications of DM, which can result in permanent blindness. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of DR are multiple and still poorly understood. Factors such as dysregulation of vascular regeneration, oxidative and hyperosmolar stress in addition to inflammatory processes have been associated with the pathogenesis of DR. Furthermore, compelling evidence shows that components of the immune system, including the complement system, play a relevant role in the development of the disease. Studies suggest that high concentrations of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), an essential component of the complement lectin pathway, may contribute to the development of DR in patients with DM. This review provides an update on the possible role of the complement system, specifically the lectin pathway, in the pathogenesis of DR and discusses the potential of MBL as a non-invasive biomarker for both, the presence and severity of DR, in addition to its potential as a therapeutic target for intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Basso Dias
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Kenzo Hokazono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renato Nisihara
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Positivo University, Curitiba, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Spaide RF, Vavvas DG. Health Span vs Lifespan in Geographic Atrophy. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:558-559. [PMID: 38722647 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cappellani F, Regillo CD, Haller JA, Gagliano C, Pulido JS. Exploring the Associated Genetic Causes of Diabetic Retinopathy as a Model of Inflammation in Retinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5456. [PMID: 38791494 PMCID: PMC11121794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate potential biomarkers and biological processes associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using transcriptomic and proteomic data. The OmicsPred PheWAS application was interrogated to identify genes and proteins associated with DR and diabetes mellitus (DM) at a false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-value of <0.05 and also <0.005. Gene Ontology PANTHER analysis and STRING database analysis were conducted to explore the biological processes and protein interactions related to the identified biomarkers. The interrogation identified 49 genes and 22 proteins associated with DR and/or DM; these were divided into those uniquely associated with diabetic retinopathy, uniquely associated with diabetes mellitus, and the ones seen in both conditions. The Gene Ontology PANTHER and STRING database analyses highlighted associations of several genes and proteins associated with diabetic retinopathy with adaptive immune response, valyl-TRNA aminoacylation, complement activation, and immune system processes. Our analyses highlight potential transcriptomic and proteomic biomarkers for DR and emphasize the association of known aspects of immune response, the complement system, advanced glycosylation end-product formation, and specific receptor and mitochondrial function with DR pathophysiology. These findings may suggest pathways for future research into novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cappellani
- Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (F.C.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Carl D. Regillo
- Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (F.C.)
| | - Julia A. Haller
- Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (F.C.)
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna Kore, 94100 Enna, Italy;
- Ocular Immunology and Rare Diseases Unit, San Marco Hospital, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Jose S. Pulido
- Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (F.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wilke GA, Apte RS. Complement regulation in the eye: implications for age-related macular degeneration. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178296. [PMID: 38690727 PMCID: PMC11060743 DOI: 10.1172/jci178296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Careful regulation of the complement system is critical for enabling complement proteins to titrate immune defense while also preventing collateral tissue damage from poorly controlled inflammation. In the eye, this balance between complement activity and inhibition is crucial, as a low level of basal complement activity is necessary to support ocular immune privilege, a prerequisite for maintaining vision. Dysregulated complement activation contributes to parainflammation, a low level of inflammation triggered by cellular damage that functions to reestablish homeostasis, or outright inflammation that disrupts the visual axis. Complement dysregulation has been implicated in many ocular diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the last two decades, complement activity has been the focus of intense investigation in AMD pathogenesis, leading to the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of atrophic AMD. This Review outlines recent advances and challenges, highlighting therapeutic approaches that have advanced to clinical trials, as well as providing a general overview of the complement system in the posterior segment of the eye and selected ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia A. Wilke
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
| | - Rajendra S. Apte
- John F. Hardesty, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
- Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wildner G, Bansal R, Ayyadurai N, Thurau S, Basu S. Pathogenesis of Bacterial Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2023; 31:1396-1404. [PMID: 36622856 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2022.2155842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the pathogenesis and the general immune mechanisms of the most frequent causes of bacterial uveitis. METHODOLOGY Narrative review. RESULTS Both extra- and intracellular bacteria can induce uveitis, whereas intracellular bacteria are generally transported into the inner eye via cells of the innate immune system, mainly macrophages. Systemic adaptive immunity is usually induced before the bacteria are localized to the inner eye, and once T and B cells have detected the pathogens behind the blood-eye barriers they elicit an acute and/or chronic inflammatory response deteriorating visual acuity that can severely affect the non-regenerating, intraocular tissues. CONCLUSIONS An understanding of pathogenic mechanisms, and its correlation with clinical and imaging features, can facilitate early recognition of microbial factors and institution of appropriate therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Wildner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Reema Bansal
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nikitha Ayyadurai
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Stephan Thurau
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Soumyava Basu
- Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Center, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yam GHF, Pi S, Du Y, Mehta JS. Posterior corneoscleral limbus: Architecture, stem cells, and clinical implications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101192. [PMID: 37392960 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The limbus is a transition from the cornea to conjunctiva and sclera. In human eyes, this thin strip has a rich variation of tissue structures and composition, typifying a change from scleral irregularity and opacity to corneal regularity and transparency; a variation from richly vascularized conjunctiva and sclera to avascular cornea; the neural passage and drainage of aqueous humor. The limbal stroma is enriched with circular fibres running parallel to the corneal circumference, giving its unique role in absorbing small pressure changes to maintain corneal curvature and refractivity. It contains specific niches housing different types of stem cells for the corneal epithelium, stromal keratocytes, corneal endothelium, and trabecular meshwork. This truly reflects the important roles of the limbus in ocular physiology, and the limbal functionality is crucial for corneal health and the entire visual system. Since the anterior limbus containing epithelial structures and limbal epithelial stem cells has been extensively reviewed, this article is focused on the posterior limbus. We have discussed the structural organization and cellular components of the region beneath the limbal epithelium, the characteristics of stem cell types: namely corneal stromal stem cells, endothelial progenitors and trabecular meshwork stem cells, and recent advances leading to the emergence of potential cell therapy options to replenish their respective mature cell types and to correct defects causing corneal abnormalities. We have reviewed different clinical disorders associated with defects of the posterior limbus and summarized the available preclinical and clinical evidence about the developing topic of cell-based therapy for corneal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Shaohua Pi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yiqin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ramos H, Hernández C, Simó R, Simó-Servat O. Inflammation: The Link between Neural and Vascular Impairment in the Diabetic Retina and Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108796. [PMID: 37240138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is complex, multifactorial and compromises all the elements of the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU). This diabetic complication has a chronic low-grade inflammatory component involving multiple inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules. The diabetic milieu promotes reactive gliosis, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment, which contribute to the disruption of the blood retinal barrier. The understanding and the continuous research of the mechanisms behind the strong inflammatory component of the disease allows the design of new therapeutic strategies to address this unmet medical need. In this context, the aim of this review article is to recapitulate the latest research on the role of inflammation in DR and to discuss the efficacy of currently administered anti-inflammatory treatments and those still under development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Ramos
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Simó-Servat
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ICSIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ruiz-Lozano RE, Salan-Gomez M, Rodriguez-Garcia A, Quiroga-Garza ME, Ramos-Dávila EM, Perez VL, Azar NS, Merayo-Lloves J, Hernandez-Camarena JC, Valdez-García JE. Wessely corneal ring phenomenon: An unsolved pathophysiological dilemma. Surv Ophthalmol 2023:S0039-6257(23)00041-3. [PMID: 36882129 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The cornea is a densely innervated, avascular tissue showing exceptional inflammatory and immune responses. The cornea is a site of lymphangiogenic and angiogenic privilege devoid of blood and lymphatic vessels that limits the entry of inflammatory cells from the adjacent and highly immunoreactive conjunctiva. Immunological and anatomical differences between the central and peripheral cornea are also necessary to sustain passive immune privilege. The lower density of antigen-presenting cells in the central cornea and the 5:1 peripheral-to-central corneal ratio of C1 are 2 main features conferring passive immune privilege. C1 activates the complement system by antigen-antibody complexes more effectively in the peripheral cornea and, thus, protects the central corneas' transparency from immune-driven and inflammatory reactions. Wessely rings, also known as corneal immune rings, are non-infectious ring-shaped stromal infiltrates usually formed in the peripheral cornea. They result from a hypersensitivity reaction to foreign antigens, including those of microorganism origin. Thus, they are thought to be composed of inflammatory cells and antigen-antibody complexes. Corneal immune rings have been associated with various infectious and non-infectious causes, including foreign bodies, contact lens wear, refractive procedures, and drugs. We describe the anatomical and immunologic basis underlying Wessely ring formation, its causes, clinical presentation, and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raul E Ruiz-Lozano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Marcelo Salan-Gomez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Manuel E Quiroga-Garza
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eugenia M Ramos-Dávila
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Victor L Perez
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nadim S Azar
- Foster Center for Ocular Immunology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jesus Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández Vega, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julio C Hernandez-Camarena
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge E Valdez-García
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences. Monterrey, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Julian TH, Cooper-Knock J, MacGregor S, Guo H, Aslam T, Sanderson E, Black GCM, Sergouniotis PI. Phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation analysis identifies causal factors for age-related macular degeneration. eLife 2023; 12:82546. [PMID: 36705323 PMCID: PMC9883012 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the industrialised world and is projected to affect >280 million people worldwide by 2040. Aiming to identify causal factors and potential therapeutic targets for this common condition, we designed and undertook a phenome-wide Mendelian randomisation (MR) study. Methods We evaluated the effect of 4591 exposure traits on early AMD using univariable MR. Statistically significant results were explored further using: validation in an advanced AMD cohort; MR Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA); and multivariable MR. Results Overall, 44 traits were found to be putatively causal for early AMD in univariable analysis. Serum proteins that were found to have significant relationships with AMD included S100-A5 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, p-value = 6.80E-06), cathepsin F (OR = 1.10, p-value = 7.16E-05), and serine palmitoyltransferase 2 (OR = 0.86, p-value = 1.00E-03). Univariable MR analysis also supported roles for complement and immune cell traits. Although numerous lipid traits were found to be significantly related to AMD, MR-BMA suggested a driving causal role for serum sphingomyelin (marginal inclusion probability [MIP] = 0.76; model-averaged causal estimate [MACE] = 0.29). Conclusions The results of this MR study support several putative causal factors for AMD and highlight avenues for future translational research. Funding This project was funded by the Wellcome Trust (224643/Z/21/Z; 200990/Z/16/Z); the University of Manchester's Wellcome Institutional Strategic Support Fund (Wellcome ISSF) grant (204796/Z/16/Z); the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Academic Clinical Fellow and Clinical Lecturer Programmes; Retina UK and Fight for Sight (GR586); the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) (1150144).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Julian
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of SheffieldSheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Hui Guo
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Tariq Aslam
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Graeme CM Black
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis I Sergouniotis
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome CampusCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brandwijk RJMGE, Michels MAHM, van Rossum M, de Nooijer AH, Nilsson PH, de Bruin WCC, Toonen EJM. Pitfalls in complement analysis: A systematic literature review of assessing complement activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1007102. [PMID: 36330514 PMCID: PMC9623276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1007102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complement system is an essential component of our innate defense and plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Assessment of complement activation is critical in monitoring both disease progression and response to therapy. Complement analysis requires accurate and standardized sampling and assay procedures, which has proven to be challenging. Objective We performed a systematic analysis of the current methods used to assess complement components and reviewed whether the identified studies performed their complement measurements according to the recommended practice regarding pre-analytical sample handling and assay technique. Results are supplemented with own data regarding the assessment of key complement biomarkers to illustrate the importance of accurate sampling and measuring of complement components. Methods A literature search using the Pubmed/MEDLINE database was performed focusing on studies measuring the key complement components C3, C5 and/or their split products and/or the soluble variant of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex (sTCC) in human blood samples that were published between February 2017 and February 2022. The identified studies were reviewed whether they had used the correct sample type and techniques for their analyses. Results A total of 92 out of 376 studies were selected for full-text analysis. Forty-five studies (49%) were identified as using the correct sample type and techniques for their complement analyses, while 25 studies (27%) did not use the correct sample type or technique. For 22 studies (24%), it was not specified which sample type was used. Conclusion A substantial part of the reviewed studies did not use the appropriate sample type for assessing complement activation or did not mention which sample type was used. This deviation from the standardized procedure can lead to misinterpretation of complement biomarker levels and hampers proper comparison of complement measurements between studies. Therefore, this study underlines the necessity of general guidelines for accurate and standardized complement analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marloes A. H. M. Michels
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mara van Rossum
- R&D Department, Hycult Biotechnology b.v., Uden, Netherlands
| | - Aline H. de Nooijer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Per H. Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | | | - Erik J. M. Toonen
- R&D Department, Hycult Biotechnology b.v., Uden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Erik J. M. Toonen,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Evaluating the clinical utility of measuring levels of factor H and the related proteins. Mol Immunol 2022; 151:166-182. [PMID: 36162225 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After years of disappointing clinical results, the tide has finally changed and complement targeted-therapies have become a validated and accepted treatment option for several diseases. These accomplishments have revitalized the field and brought renewed attention to the prospects that complement therapeutics can offer. Streamlining diagnostics and therapeutics is imperative in this new era of clinical use of complement therapeutics. However, the incredible success in therapeutics has not been accompanied by the development of novel standardized tools for complement testing. Complement biomarkers can assist in the risk assessment and diagnosis of diseases as well as the prediction of disease progression and treatment response. Recently, a group of complement proteins has been suggested to be highly relevant in various complement-associated disorders, namely the human factor H (FH) protein family. This family of closely related proteins consists of FH, FH-like protein 1, and five factor H-related proteins, and they have been linked to eye, kidney, infectious, vascular, and autoimmune diseases as well as cancer. The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the available data on circulating levels of FH and its related proteins in different pathologies. In addition, we examined the current literature to determine the clinical utility of measuring levels of the FH protein family in health and disease. Finally, we discuss future steps that are needed to make their clinical translation a reality.
Collapse
|
12
|
Jenkins AJ, Grant MB, Busik JV. Lipids, hyperreflective crystalline deposits and diabetic retinopathy: potential systemic and retinal-specific effect of lipid-lowering therapies. Diabetologia 2022; 65:587-603. [PMID: 35149880 PMCID: PMC9377536 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolically active retina obtains essential lipids by endogenous biosynthesis and from the systemic circulation. Clinical studies provide limited and sometimes conflicting evidence as to the relationships between circulating lipid levels and the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy in people with diabetes. Cardiovascular-system-focused clinical trials that also evaluated some retinal outcomes demonstrate the potential protective power of lipid-lowering therapies in diabetic retinopathy and some trials with ocular primary endpoints are in progress. Although triacylglycerol-lowering therapies with fibrates afforded some protection against diabetic retinopathy, the effect was independent of changes in traditional blood lipid classes. While systemic LDL-cholesterol lowering with statins did not afford protection against diabetic retinopathy in most clinical trials, and none of the trials focused on retinopathy as the main outcome, data from very large database studies suggest the possible effectiveness of statins. Potential challenges in these studies are discussed, including lipid-independent effects of fibrates and statins, modified lipoproteins and retinal-specific effects of lipid-lowering drugs. Dysregulation of retinal-specific cholesterol metabolism leading to retinal cholesterol accumulation and potential formation of cholesterol crystals are also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Smith JM, Mandava N, Tirado-Gonzalez V, Garcia-Santisteban R, Geiger MD, Patnaik JL, Frazer-Abel A, Lynch AM, Mandava N, Holers VM, Wagner BD, Sanchez-Santos I, Meizner D, Quiroz-Mercado H, Palestine AG. Correlation of Complement Activation in Aqueous and Vitreous in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:13. [PMID: 35420644 PMCID: PMC9034714 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.4.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A growing body of evidence suggests complement dysregulation is present in the vitreous of patients with diabetic eye disease. Further translational study could be simplified if aqueous-as opposed to vitreous-were used to sample the intraocular complement environment. Here, we analyze aqueous samples and assess whether a correlation exists between aqueous and vitreous complement levels. Methods We collected aqueous, vitreous, and plasma samples from patients with and without proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) undergoing vitrectomy. We assessed correlation between complement levels in aqueous and vitreous samples after using a normalizing ratio to correct for vascular leakage. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess the correlation between complement levels in the aqueous and vitreous. Results Aqueous samples were obtained from 17 cases with PDR and 28 controls. In all patients, aqueous Ba, C3a, and albumin levels were strongly correlated with vitreous levels (Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.8 for Ba and C3a and 0.7 for albumin; all P values < 0.0001). In PDR eyes only, aqueous and vitreous C3a levels were significantly correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.7; P = 0.002), whereas in control eyes, both Ba and C3a (Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.7; P < 0.0001) were significantly correlated. Conclusions A strong correlation exists between aqueous and vitreous complement levels in diabetic eye disease. Translational Relevance The results establish that accurate sampling of the intraocular complement can be done by analyzing aqueous specimens, allowing for the rapid and safe measurement of experimental complement targets and treatment response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse M Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nikhil Mandava
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew D Geiger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer L Patnaik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ashley Frazer-Abel
- Exsersa BioLabs, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anne M Lynch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Naresh Mandava
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - V Michael Holers
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brandie D Wagner
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alan G Palestine
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chao C, Lattery L, Qin G, Kamat M, Basso K, Lakkis C, Hasan M, Richdale K. Tear Proteomics of Children and Young Adult Soft Contact Lens, Orthokeratology and Spectacle Wearers - A Pilot Study. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:832-842. [PMID: 35317695 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2047206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Contact lens complications occur more often in older teenagers and young adults compared to children. This study explored differences in tear proteomics between children and young adults wearing soft contact lens (SCL), orthokeratology or spectacles for >3 years. METHODS Twelve children and 12 sex- and correction-matched young adults were enrolled. Tears were collected via Schirmer strips for tear proteomic analysis using mass spectrometry. Proteome Discoverer was used for protein identification. Label-Free Quantitation was generated using Scaffold software; Fisher's Exact tests were used to compare proteins by age and correction groups. Generalized linear models were used to assess differences in overall protein levels by age and correction groups. A secondary analysis of proteins presented in >50% of samples of each group was conducted using the R/Bioconductor limma package. RESULTS There were 385 proteins present only in young adults while 183 were unique in children. There were 528 unique proteins to SCL, 96 to orthokeratology and 149 to spectacle wearers. Based on Fisher's Exact analyses, 126 proteins were higher in young adults than children (all P < 0.048). Forty-seven protein levels were higher in SCL compared to orthokeratology (all P < 0.01), 33 protein levels were higher in SCL compared to spectacles (all P < 0.01), 15 protein levels were higher in orthokeratology compared to spectacle wearers (all P < 0.01). Based on generalized linear models, young adults had higher overall protein levels than children (P = 0.001), SCL had higher protein levels than spectacle wearers (P < 0.001) but no differences were found between orthokeratology and spectacle wearers (P = 0.79). Based on the secondary analysis, only Antileukoproteinase was higher in the young adult orthokeratology group compared to other groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Tear protein type and abundance differ by age and correction. Further research is needed to understand the effects of contact lens correction in children and young adults on the tear proteome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Chao
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Lauren Lattery
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guoting Qin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manasi Kamat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kari Basso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carol Lakkis
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jones G, Lee TJ, Glass J, Rountree G, Ulrich L, Estes A, Sezer M, Zhi W, Sharma S, Sharma A. Comparison of Different Mass Spectrometry Workflows for the Proteomic Analysis of Tear Fluid. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2307. [PMID: 35216421 PMCID: PMC8875482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tear film is a multi-layer fluid that covers the corneal and conjunctival epithelia of the eye and provides lubrication, nutrients, and protection from the outside environment. Tear fluid contains a high concentration of proteins and has thus been recognized as a potential source of biomarkers for ocular disorders due to its proximity to disease sites on the ocular surface and the non-invasive nature of its collection. This is particularly true in the case of dry eye disease, which directly impacts the tear film and its components. Proteomic analysis of tear fluid is challenging mainly due to the wide dynamic range of proteins and the small sample volumes. However, recent advancements in mass spectrometry have revolutionized the field of proteomics enabling unprecedented depth, speed, and accuracy, even with small sample volumes. In this study using the Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer, we compared four different mass spectrometry workflows for the proteomic analysis of tear fluid collected via Schirmer strips. We were able to establish a method of in-strip protein digestion that identified >3000 proteins in human tear samples from 11 healthy subjects. Our method offers a significant improvement in the number of proteins identified compared to previously reported methods without pooling samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Jones
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Tae Jin Lee
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Joshua Glass
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Grace Rountree
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lane Ulrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Amy Estes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mary Sezer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Complement Mediators in Development to Treat Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Drugs Aging 2022; 39:107-118. [PMID: 35050489 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-021-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, great attention has been paid to the role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In particular, several studies have highlighted a link between AMD development and complement dysregulation, which can probably be explained as a complement cascade hyperactivation resulting from the presence of a series of risk factors such as aging; smoking; obesity; alcohol consumption; exposure to pesticides, industrial chemicals, or pollution; and other causes of oxidative stress. This hypothesis has been mainly supported by the presence of complement mediators as constituents of drusen, representing one of the earliest and most characteristic signs of retinal damage in AMD. Additionally, activated complement mediators and some complement regulators, such as vitronectin, have been found not only in the drusen and adjacent retinal areas but also in the peripheral blood of patients with AMD. Therefore, we aim to provide a review of recently studied complement factors to highlight their role in the pathogenesis of AMD and to evaluate new potential therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hypoxic Processes Induce Complement Activation via Classical Pathway in Porcine Neuroretinas. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123575. [PMID: 34944083 PMCID: PMC8700265 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the fact that many retinal diseases are yet to be cured, the pathomechanisms of these multifactorial diseases need to be investigated in more detail. Among others, oxidative stress and hypoxia are pathomechanisms that take place in retinal diseases, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, or diabetic retinopathy. In consideration of these diseases, it is also evidenced that the immune system, including the complement system and its activation, plays an important role. Suitable models to investigate neuroretinal diseases are organ cultures of porcine retina. Based on an established model, the role of the complement system was studied after the induction of oxidative stress or hypoxia. Both stressors led to a loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) accompanied by apoptosis. Hypoxia activated the complement system as noted by higher C3+ and MAC+ cell numbers. In this model, activation of the complement cascade occurred via the classical pathway and the number of C1q+ microglia was increased. In oxidative stressed retinas, the complement system had no consideration, but strong inflammation took place, with elevated TNF, IL6, and IL8 mRNA expression levels. Together, this study shows that hypoxia and oxidative stress induce different mechanisms in the porcine retina inducing either the immune response or an inflammation. Our findings support the thesis that the immune system is involved in the development of retinal diseases. Furthermore, this study is evidence that both approaches seem suitable models to investigate undergoing pathomechanisms of several neuroretinal diseases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Anitua E, de la Sen-Corcuera B, Orive G, Sánchez-Ávila RM, Heredia P, Muruzabal F, Merayo-Lloves J. Progress in the use of plasma rich in growth factors in ophthalmology: from ocular surface to ocular fundus. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 22:31-45. [PMID: 34275392 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1945030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The use of blood derivatives and especially Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), for regenerative purposes has been a common trend along the last decades in the field of oral surgery, dermatology, orthopedics, and more recently in ophthalmology.Areas covered: PRGF is a type of platelet-rich plasma that is being explored for the treatment of ocular injuries. The present review article highlights 50 ophthalmology-related publications about the application of PRGF in the treatment of acute and chronic pathologies in ophthalmology as well as most relevant challenges and future prospects.Expert opinion: PRGF technology provides a wide range of formulations that can be used therapeutically in many different acute and chronic ocular pathologies. In addition to eye drops enriched with autologous growth factors, PRGF enables the preparation of both immunologically safe and fibrin-based formulations. Recent advances in the field have promoted PRGF storage for 12 months under freezing conditions, its daily use for 7 days at room temperature and the freeze-dried formulation. The thermally treated immunosafe formulation has shown promising clinical results for the treatment of several diseases such as Sjögren syndrome, graft versus host disease or cicatrizing conjunctivitis. In addition, several fibrin formulations have been preclinically evaluated and clinically incorporated as an adjuvant to ocular surface or glaucoma surgeries, dermal fat graft procedures, limbal stem cell expansion and retinal surgeries. The present review explores the latest scientific and clinical data, current challenges, and main prospects of this technology for the treatment of several ocular injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Anitua
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain.,Regenerative medicine, University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - B de la Sen-Corcuera
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain.,Regenerative medicine, University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - G Orive
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain.,Regenerative medicine, University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain.,NanoBioCel Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Oviedo, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - R M Sánchez-Ávila
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - P Heredia
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain.,Regenerative medicine, University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - F Muruzabal
- Regenerative medicine, Biotechnology Institute (BTI), Vitoria, Spain.,Regenerative medicine, University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology (UIRMI), Vitoria, Spain
| | - J Merayo-Lloves
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega, Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu Q, Zhang J, Qin T, Bao J, Dong H, Zhou X, Hou S, Mao L. The role of the inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of uveitis. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108618. [PMID: 33989670 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Uveitis is a diverse group of sight-threatening intraocular inflammatory diseases usually causing eye redness, pain, blurred vision, and sometimes blindness. Although the exact pathogenesis of uveitis is not yet clear, accumulating evidences have shown that an imbalanced regulation of immune responses caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors are implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease. As critical regulators of inflammation, inflammasomes have been assumed to play a role in the pathogenesis of uveitis. Recent studies have reported the association between a number of genetic variants in inflammasome related genes (such as NLRP3, NLRP1, NLRC4 and AIM2) with increased risk to uveitis. Mounting evidence have shown an aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in both uveitis patients and murine models of uveitis. Some studies explored the intervention of uveitis via modulating inflammasome activity in the eye. This review aims at summarizing the main findings of these studies, proposing the possible mechanism whereby inflammasomes affect the susceptibility to develop uveitis, and giving a perspective for future studies, which may further improve our understanding about the role of inflammasomes and related cytokines in the pathogenesis of uveitis, and may hopefully lead to new therapeutics by targeting inflammasomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Tingyu Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jingyin Bao
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Hongtao Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China.
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, 400016, China; Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China; Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mandava N, Tirado-Gonzalez V, Geiger MD, Patnaik JL, Frazer-Abel A, Lynch AM, Mandava N, Palestine AG, Holers VM, Wagner BD, Sanchez-Santos I, Meizner D, Quiroz-Mercado H, Smith JM. Complement Activation in the Vitreous of Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 61:39. [PMID: 32965482 PMCID: PMC7520707 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A growing body of evidence points to complement dysregulation in diabetes. Early studies have indicated the presence of complement components inside the eye in patients with diabetic retinopathy, but these data have been confounded by leakage of proteins from the systemic circulation into the vitreous cavity. Methods We took samples of plasma and vitreous from patients with and without proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and measured levels of 16 complement components as well as albumin. We employed a normalized ratio using local and systemic complement and albumin levels to control for vascular leakage into the vitreous cavity. Results Before normalizing, we found significantly higher levels of 16 complement components we measured in PDR eyes compared to controls. After normalizing, levels of C4, factor B, and C5 were decreased compared to controls, while C3a and Ba levels were elevated compared to controls. We also found higher ratios of C3a/C3, C5a/C5, and Ba/factor B in PDR eyes compared to controls. Conclusions We found evidence of local, intraocular activation of C3, C5, and factor B. The normalized data suggest involvement of the alternative complement pathway. By showing activation of specific complement components in PDR, this study identifies targets for diagnostic and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mandava
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Matthew D Geiger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Jennifer L Patnaik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Ashley Frazer-Abel
- Exsersa BioLabs, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Anne M Lynch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Naresh Mandava
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Alan G Palestine
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - V Michael Holers
- Departments of Immunology and Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Brandie D Wagner
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | | | | | | | - Jesse M Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang MM, Sun HY, Meng T, Qiu SH, Zeng QQ, Ng TK, Jiang L, Deng TM, Zeng AN, Wang J, Luo XL. CFH I62V as a Putative Genetic Marker for Posner-Schlossman Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:608723. [PMID: 33643312 PMCID: PMC7904693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.608723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS), also known as glaucomatocyclitic crisis, is an ocular condition characterized by recurrent attacks of anterior uveitis and raised intraocular pressure. Previous studies by our team and others have identified the genetic association of complement pathway genes with uveitis and glaucoma. This study aimed to investigate the complement genes in PSS patients with the view of elucidating the genetic background of the disease. Methods: A total of 331 subjects (56 PSS patients and 275 controls) were recruited for this study. We selected 27 variants in six complement pathway genes (SERPING1, C2, CFB, CFH, C3, and C5) and detected them using TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Genotyping Assays. Univariate SNP association analysis, haplotype-based association analysis, gene-gene interaction analysis among complement genes, and genotype-phenotype correlation analysis were performed. Results: Among the 27 variants of six complement pathway genes, the functional variant I62V (rs800292) at the CFH gene was found to be significantly associated with PSS; there was a significant increase in the frequency of A allele and AA homozygosity in PSS patients than in controls (P = 1.79 × 10−4; odds ratio (OR) 2.18, 95% CI: 1.44–3.29; P = 4.65 × 10−4; OR 3.66, 95% CI: 1.70–7.85, respectively). The additive effect of CFH-rs800292 and SERPING1-rs3824988 was identified with an OR of 12.50 (95% CI: 2.16–72.28). Genotype-phenotype analysis indicated that the rs800292 AA genotype was associated with a higher intraocular pressure and higher frequency of recurrence. Unlike a high proportion of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 positivity in anterior uveitis, only 3 in 56 (5.36%) PSS patients were HLA-B27 positive. In addition, one haplotype block (GC) in the SERPING1 gene showed a nominal association with PSS with an increased risk of 2.04 (P = 0.01; 95% CI: 1.18–3.53), but the P-value could not withstand the Bonferroni correction (Pcorr > 0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed a genetic association of a CFH variant with PSS as well as its clinical parameters, implying that the alternative complement pathway might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PSS. Further studies to enrich the understanding of the genetic background of PSS and the role of the complement system in ocular inflammation are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ming Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Yan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Hu Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Qiao Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Ming Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ai Neng Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Ling Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sugita S, Mandai M, Kamao H, Takahashi M. Immunological aspects of RPE cell transplantation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 84:100950. [PMID: 33482342 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have several functions, including support of the neural retina and choroid in the eye and immunosuppression. Cultured human RPE cells directly suppress inflammatory immune cells. For instance, they directly suppress the activation of T cells in vitro. In contrast, transplanted allogeneic human RPE cells are rejected by bystander immune cells such as T cells in vivo. Recently, human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells have been used in several clinical trials, and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-RPE cells have also been tested in our clinical study in patients with retinal degeneration. Major safety concerns after stem cell-based transplantation surgery include hyper-proliferation, tumorigenicity, or ectopic tissue formation, but these events have currently not been seen in any of these patients. However, if RPE cells are allogeneic, there are concerns about immune rejection issues that have been raised in previous clinical trials. We therefore performed a preclinical study of allogeneic iPSC-RPE cell transplantation in animal rejection models. We then conducted autogenic or allogeneic iPSC-RPE cell transplantation in clinical studies of patients with age-related macular degeneration. In this review, we focus on immunological studies of RPE cells, including iPSC-derived cells. iPSC-RPE cells have unique inflammatory (immunosuppressive and immunogenic) characteristics like primary cultured RPE cells. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current findings obtained from preclinical (basic research) and clinical studies in iPSC-RPE cell transplantation, especially the immunological aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Sugita
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Michiko Mandai
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research Kobe, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Kobe City Eye Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sepah YJ, Velez G, Tang PH, Yang J, Chemudupati T, Li AS, Nguyen QD, Bassuk AG, Mahajan VB. Proteomic analysis of intermediate uveitis suggests myeloid cell recruitment and implicates IL-23 as a therapeutic target. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020; 18:100646. [PMID: 32274442 PMCID: PMC7132169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To profile vitreous protein expression of intermediate uveitis (IU) patients. Observations We identified a mean of 363 ± 41 unique proteins (mean ± SD) in IU vitreous and 393 ± 69 unique proteins in control samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of liquid vitreous biopsies collected during pars plana vitrectomy. A total of 233 proteins were differentially expressed among control and IU samples, suggesting a protein signature that could distinguish the two groups. Pathway analysis identified 22 inflammatory mediators of the interleukin-12 (IL-12) signaling pathway in IU vitreous. Upstream regulator analysis identified downstream mediators of IL-23 and myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MYD88), both of which are involved in the recruitment and differentiation of myeloid cells. Taken together, our results suggest the recruitment of myeloid cells as an upstream pathway in the pathogenesis of IU. Conclusions This study provides insights into proteins that will serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for IU. These biomarkers will help design future clinical trials using rational molecular therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir J Sepah
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Gabriel Velez
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peter H Tang
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Teja Chemudupati
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Angela S Li
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Quan D Nguyen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Simmons KT, Mazzilli JL, Mueller-Ortiz SL, Domozhirov AY, Garcia CA, Zsigmond EM, Wetsel RA. Complement Receptor 1 (CR1/CD35)-expressing retinal pigment epithelial cells as a potential therapy for age-related macular degeneration. Mol Immunol 2019; 118:91-98. [PMID: 31862673 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify a membrane-bound complement inhibitor that could be overexpressed on retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) providing a potential therapy for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This type of therapy may allow replacement of damaged RPE with cells that are able to limit complement activation in the retina. Complement Receptor 1 (CR1) is a membrane-bound complement inhibitor commonly found on erythrocytes and immune cells. In this study, QPCR and flow cytometry data demonstrated that CR1 is not well-expressed by RPE, indicating that its overexpression may provide extra protection from complement activation. To screen CR1 for this ability, a stable CR1-expressing ARPE19 line was created using a combination of antibiotic selection and FACS. Cell-based assays were used to demonstrate that addition of CR1 inhibited deposition of complement proteins C3b and C6 on the transfected line. In the end, this study identifies CR1 as a complement inhibitor that may be overexpressed on stem cell-derived RPE to create a potential "enhanced" cell therapy for AMD. A combination cell/complement therapy may create transplantable RPE better suited to avoid complement-mediated lysis and limit chronic inflammation in the retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken T Simmons
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - John L Mazzilli
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Aleksey Y Domozhirov
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Charles A Garcia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Eva M Zsigmond
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schori C, Trachsel C, Grossmann J, Barben M, Klee K, Storti F, Samardzija M, Grimm C. A chronic hypoxic response in photoreceptors alters the vitreous proteome in mice. Exp Eye Res 2019; 185:107690. [PMID: 31181196 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduced oxygenation of the outer retina in the aging eye may activate a chronic hypoxic response in RPE and photoreceptor cells and is considered as a risk factor for the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In mice, a chronically active hypoxic response in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or photoreceptors leads to age-dependent retinal degeneration. To identify proteins that may serve as accessible markers for a chronic hypoxic insult to photoreceptors, we used proteomics to determine the protein composition of the vitreous humor in genetically engineered mice that lack the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (Vhl) specifically in rods (rodΔVhl) or cones (all-coneΔVhl). Absence of VHL leads to constitutively active hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) and thus to a molecular response to hypoxia even in normal room air. To discriminate between the consequences of a local response in photoreceptors and systemic hypoxic effects, we also evaluated the vitreous proteome of wild type mice after exposure to acute hypoxia. 1'043 of the identified proteins were common to all three hypoxia models. 257, 258 and 356 proteins were significantly regulated after systemic hypoxia, in rodΔVhl and in all-coneΔVhl mice, respectively, at least at one of the analyzed time points. Only few of the regulated proteins were shared by the models indicating that the vitreous proteome is differentially affected by systemic hypoxia and the rod or cone-specific hypoxic response. Similarly, the distinct protein compositions in the individual genetic models at early and late time points suggest regulated, cell-specific and time-dependent processes. Among the proteins commonly regulated in the genetic models, guanylate binding protein 2 (GBP2) showed elevated levels in the vitreous that were accompanied by increased mRNA expression in the retina of both rodΔVhl and all-coneΔVhl mice. We hypothesize that some of the differentially regulated proteins at early time points may potentially be used as markers for the detection of a chronic hypoxic response of photoreceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schori
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Dept. Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Trachsel
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maya Barben
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Dept. Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Klee
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Dept. Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federica Storti
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Dept. Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marijana Samardzija
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Dept. Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Grimm
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Dept. Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sugita S, Makabe K, Fujii S, Takahashi M. Detection of Complement Activators in Immune Attack Eyes After iPS-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Transplantation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4198-4209. [PMID: 30128491 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells (iPS-RPE) can express complement factors. Methods To confirm expression of complement factors in human iPS-RPE cells, we performed flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and quantitative RT-PCR for the following: C3, C5, CFB (Factor B), C5b-9 (membrane attack complex [MAC]), CFH (Factor H), CFI (Factor I), CD46, CD55, CD59, clusterin, and vitronectin. We also prepared iPS-RPE cells in the presence of recombinant IFN-γ, recombinant TNF-α, lipopolysaccharide, supernatants of naïve T cells, and T helper 1 (Th1) cells. For the transplantation, after preparation of iPS-RPE cells from cynomolgus monkeys, the iPS-RPE cells (allografts) were transplanted into the subretinal space in monkeys. After surgery, monkeys were euthanized for IHC evaluation of the retinal section and determination of complement factors (C3, C5, CFB, MAC, and C1q), cytokines, and immunoglobulin G (IgG). Results Human iPS-RPE cells expressed complement activators and inhibitors. iPS-RPE cells highly expressed complement factors during inflammatory conditions, especially IFN-γ exposure including Th1 cell supernatants. In immune attack eyes after allogeneic iPS-RPE cell transplantation, complement activators such as C3, CFB, C5, and MAC were detected around the host RPE layer, grafted RPE cells, inflammatory retinal lesions, and transplanted subretinal space. In addition, we observed a large number of C1q and IgG double positive and IFN-γ positive inflammatory cells in the retinal sections. Conclusions iPS-derived RPE cells greatly expressed complement factors. Thus, RPE cells might be activated and produce complement factors after exposure to infiltrating inflammatory cells in the eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Sugita
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Makabe
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shota Fujii
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayo Takahashi
- Laboratory for Retinal Regeneration, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dor M, Eperon S, Lalive PH, Guex-Crosier Y, Hamedani M, Salvisberg C, Turck N. Investigation of the global protein content from healthy human tears. Exp Eye Res 2019; 179:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
28
|
Schori C, Trachsel C, Grossmann J, Zygoula I, Barthelmes D, Grimm C. The Proteomic Landscape in the Vitreous of Patients With Age-Related and Diabetic Retinal Disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:AMD31-AMD40. [PMID: 30025106 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In contrast to neovascular AMD (nAMD), no treatment option exists for dry AMD. Hence, the identification of specific biomarkers is required to facilitate diagnosis and therapy of dry AMD. Methods The proteome of 34 vitreous humor samples (dry AMD: n = 6; nAMD: n = 10; proliferative diabetic retinopathy [PDR]: n = 9; epiretinal membrane [ERM]: n = 9) was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. Then, label-free relative quantification of dry AMD, nAMD, and PDR relative to ERM, which was defined as the reference group, was performed. Application of a bioinformatics pipeline further analyzed the vitreous proteome by cluster and gene set enrichment analysis. A selection of differentially regulated proteins was validated by ELISA. Results A total of 677 proteins were identified in the vitreous of the four patient groups and quantified relatively to ERM. Different clusters of regulated proteins for each patient group were identified and showed characteristic enrichment of specific pathways including "oxidative stress" for dry AMD, "focal adhesion" for nAMD, and "complement and coagulation cascade" for PDR patients. We identified cholinesterase (CHLE) to be specifically upregulated in dry AMD and ribonuclease (pancreatic; RNAS1) together with serine carboxypeptidase (probable; CPVL) to be upregulated in both forms of AMD. Conclusions The described pathways specific for the different patient groups and the identification of characteristic differentially regulated proteins provide a first step toward the definition of biomarkers for dry AMD. The presented data will facilitate the investigation of mechanistic connections of proteins to the respective disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schori
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Trachsel
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich (FGCZ), ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ioanna Zygoula
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Barthelmes
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christian Grimm
- Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hokazono K, Belizário FS, Portugal V, Messias-Reason I, Nisihara R. Mannose Binding Lectin and Pentraxin 3 in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:123-129. [PMID: 29961608 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a protein of the complement system and pentraxin-3 (PTX3) is an acute phase protein both with an important role in inflammatory diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate whether plasma MBL and PTX3 levels are associated with the development of DR and if patients with and without DR can be distinguished. METHODS The patients were divided into three groups: diabetic without DR; with mild/moderate DR, and with severe/proliferative DR. PTX3 and MBL levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. RESULTS A total of 74 patients were included. A significant association was observed between high levels of MBL and severe DR; 47% of patients with severe/proliferative DR had high levels of MBL, whereas 12% of the patients with diabetes but no DR had high levels of MBL (p = 0.008; odds ratio [OR]: 6.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-25.0). High levels of MBL were more frequent in patients with severe/proliferative disease (47%) when compared to those with mild/moderate DR (20%), p = 0.04 (OR: 3.46; 95% CI: 1.0-11.8). PTX3 levels were similar among the groups and were not related to the development or severity of DR. CONCLUSION We found a significant association between high plasma MBL levels and DR development as well as with severe/proliferative DR. We observed no relationship between plasma PTX3 levels and the development or severity of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hokazono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Portugal
- Department of Medicine, Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Iara Messias-Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renato Nisihara
- Department of Medicine, Positivo University, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Halfter W, Moes S, Asgeirsson DO, Halfter K, Oertle P, Melo Herraiz E, Plodinec M, Jenoe P, Henrich PB. Diabetes-related changes in the protein composition and the biomechanical properties of human retinal vascular basement membranes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189857. [PMID: 29284024 PMCID: PMC5746242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes (BMs) are specialized sheets of extracellular matrix that outline epithelial cell layers, muscle fibers, blood vessels, and peripheral nerves. A well-documented histological hallmark of progressing diabetes is a major increase in vascular BM thickness. In order to investigate whether this structural change is accompanied by a change in the protein composition, we compared the proteomes of retinal vascular BMs from diabetic and non-diabetic donors by using LC-MS/MS. Data analysis showed that seventeen extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated proteins were more abundant in diabetic than non-diabetic vascular BMs. Four ECM proteins were more abundant in non-diabetic than in diabetic BMs. Most of the over-expressed proteins implicate a complement-mediated chronic inflammatory process in the diabetic retinal vasculature. We also found an up-regulation of norrin, a protein that is known to promote vascular proliferation, possibly contributing to the vascular remodeling during diabetes. Many of the over-expressed proteins were localized to microvascular aneurisms. Further, the overall stoichiometry of proteins was changed, such that the relative abundance of collagens in BMs from diabetic patients was higher than normal. Biomechanical measurements of vascular BM flat mounts using AFM showed that their outer surface was softer than normal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willi Halfter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzette Moes
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocenter of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daphne O. Asgeirsson
- Biocenter and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Halfter
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Oertle
- Biocenter and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Esther Melo Herraiz
- Biocenter and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marija Plodinec
- Biocenter and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Jenoe
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biocenter of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Involvement of Innate Immune System in Late Stages of Inherited Photoreceptor Degeneration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17897. [PMID: 29263354 PMCID: PMC5738376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal degenerations that lead to progressive vision loss. Many mutations in 60 different genes have been shown to cause RP. Given the diversity of genes and mutations that cause RP, corrective gene therapy approaches currently in development may prove both time-consuming and cost-prohibitive for treatment of all forms of RP. An alternative approach is to find common biological pathways that cause retinal degeneration in various forms of RP, and identify new molecular targets. With this goal, we analyzed the retinal transcriptome of two non-allelic forms of RP in dogs, rcd1 and xlpra2, at clinically relevant advanced stages of the two diseases. Both diseases showed very similar trends in changes in gene expression compared to control normal dogs. Pathway analysis revealed upregulation of various components of the innate immune system in both diseases, including inflammasome and complement pathways. Our results show that the retinal transcriptome at advanced stages of RP is very similar to that of other retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. Thus, drugs and therapeutics already in development for targeting these retinopathies may also prove useful for the treatment of many forms of RP.
Collapse
|
32
|
Thurman JM, Frazer-Abel A, Holers VM. The Evolving Landscape for Complement Therapeutics in Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:2102-2113. [PMID: 28732131 PMCID: PMC5659941 DOI: 10.1002/art.40219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The complement system is increasingly understood to play major roles in the pathogenesis of human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Because of this situation, there are rapidly expanding commercial efforts to develop novel complement inhibitors and effector pathway-modulating drugs. This review provides insights into the evolving understanding of the complement system components, mechanisms of activation within and across the 3 pathways (classical, alternative, and lectin), how the pathways are normally controlled and then dysregulated in target tissues, and what diseases are known to be, in large part, complement-dependent through the successful development and approval of complement therapeutics in patients. Mechanisms of complement activation in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and thrombotic microangiopathies are also illustrated. In addition, the specific therapeutic drugs that are both approved and under development are discussed in the context of both nonrheumatic and rheumatic diseases. Finally, the methods by which the complement system can be assessed in humans through biomarker studies are outlined, with the goal of understanding, in specific patients, how the system is functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Thurman
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ashley Frazer-Abel
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
- Exsera BioLabs, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - V. Michael Holers
- University of Colorado Denver, Division of Rheumatology, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hauck SM, Lepper MF, Hertl M, Sekundo W, Deeg CA. Proteome Dynamics in Biobanked Horse Peripheral Blood Derived Lymphocytes (PBL) with Induced Autoimmune Uveitis. Proteomics 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M. Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich; Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH); Neuherberg Germany
| | - Marlen F. Lepper
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich; Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH); Neuherberg Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Allergy and Dermatology; Philipps University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Walter Sekundo
- Department of Ophthalmology; Philipps University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
| | - Cornelia A. Deeg
- Experimental Ophthalmology; Philipps University of Marburg; Marburg Germany
- Chair for Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sudha D, Kohansal-Nodehi M, Kovuri P, Manda SS, Neriyanuri S, Gopal L, Bhende P, Chidambaram S, Arunachalam JP. Proteomic profiling of human intraschisis cavity fluid. Clin Proteomics 2017; 14:13. [PMID: 28450823 PMCID: PMC5404285 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-017-9148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is a vitreoretinal degenerative disorder causing vision deterioration, due to structural defects in retina. The hallmark of this disease includes radial streaks arising from the fovea and splitting of inner retinal layers (schisis). Although these retinal changes are attributed to mutations in the retinoschisin gene, schisis is also observed in patients who do not carry mutations. In addition, the origin of intraschisis fluid, the triggering point of schisis formation and its progression are largely unknown still. So far, there is no report on the complete proteomic analysis of this fluid. Schisis fluid proteome could reflect biochemical changes in the disease condition, helping in better understanding and management of retinoschisis. Therefore it was of interest to investigate the intraschisis fluid proteome using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Methods Two male XLRS patients (aged 4 and 40 years) underwent clinical and genetic evaluation followed by surgical extraction of intraschisis fluids. The two fluid samples were resolved on a SDS-PAGE and the processed peptides were analyzed by Q-Exactive plus hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Functional annotation of the identified proteins was performed using Ingenuity pathway analysis software. Results Mass spectrometry analysis detected 770 nonredundant proteins in the intraschisis fluid. Retinol dehydrogenase 14 was found to be abundant in the schisis fluid. Gene ontology based analysis indicated that 19% of the intraschisis fluid proteins were localized to the extracellular matrix and 15% of the proteins were involved in signal transduction. Functional annotation identified three primary canonical pathways to be associated with the schisis fluid proteome viz., LXR/RXR activation, complement system and acute phase response signalling, which are involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Collectively, our results show that intraschisis fluid comprises specific inflammatory proteins which highly reflect the disease environment. Conclusion Based on our study, it is suggested that inflammation might play a key role in the pathogenesis of XLRS. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the complete proteome of intraschisis fluid, which could serve as a template for future research and facilitate the development of therapeutic modalities for XLRS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-017-9148-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhandayuthapani Sudha
- SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India.,School of Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Purnima Kovuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Srividya Neriyanuri
- Elite School of Optometry, Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Lingam Gopal
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreo-Retinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Pramod Bhende
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreo-Retinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | | | - Jayamuruga Pandian Arunachalam
- SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India.,Central Inter-Disciplinary Research Facility (CIDRF), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Medical University, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Campus, Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang MM, Wang J, Dong L, Kong DJ, Teng Y, Liu P, Fan JJ, Yu XH. Lack of association of C3 gene with uveitis: additional insights into the genetic profile of uveitis regarding complement pathway genes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:879. [PMID: 28408754 PMCID: PMC5429838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is a devastating ocular disease that causes blindness. Our previous studies have achieved great advancements in depicting the genetic profiles of uveitis regarding complement pathway genes. This study aimed to provide additional insights into this interest by testing the "central" factor of the complement system, C3 gene variants, in two uveitis entities. Eight haplotype-tagging SNPs of C3 gene were genotyped in 141 anterior uveitis (AU), 158 non-infectious intermediate and posterior uveitis (NIPU) and 293 controls. The results showed that none of the tagging SNPs had a significant association with uveitis (P > 0.05), either in the global uveitis or subtypes. Although rs428453 showed a nominal association with NIPU subtype in the recessive model (P = 0.042), the P value could not withstand the Bonferroni correction (P corr > 0.05). Stratification analyses according to HLA-B27 status and correlation analysis still did not find any significant interactions or genetic markers regarding AU. Logistic regression analysis also revealed no gender-related epistatic effects of C3 on uveitis. Two haplotype blocks were defined across the C3 locus but neither of them was significantly associated with uveitis or subtypes. This study shows no significant association of the C3 gene with uveitis, suggesting C3 confers either no or limited risk for uveitis susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ming Yang
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Dong
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - De Ju Kong
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Teng
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiao Jie Fan
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Xu Hui Yu
- Eye Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Association of the C2-CFB locus with non-infectious uveitis, specifically predisposed to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Immunol Res 2016; 64:610-8. [PMID: 26671509 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complement component 2 (C2) and factor B (CFB) are regulators of complement system and involved in the alternative pathway, which have been identified to be associated with multiple immune-related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association of these genes with non-infectious intermediate and posterior uveitis. A total of 260 Chinese non-infectious uveitis patients were recruited, including 97 patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH), 70 patients with intermediate uveitis (IU) and 93 patients with Behçet's disease (BD). Two hundred and ninety-three normal control subjects were also recruited. Five SNPs across the C2/CFB region were selected and genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. Association analysis was adjusted for gender and stratified by different subtypes. The CFB SNP rs1048709 was significantly associated with non-infectious uveitis [P corr = 0.01, OR 1.49 (allele model) and P corr = 0.04, OR 1.58 (dominant model), respectively], and similar association was also detected between rs1048709 and female uveitis patients (P corr = 0.01, OR 1.70 and P corr = 0.049, OR 184, respectively). Moreover, subgroup analyses showed that CFB-rs1048709 was specifically associated with VKH, where significantly higher frequencies of A allele and AA homozygosity were observed in VKH patients compared with controls (P corr = 0.025 and P corr = 0.035, respectively), whereas none of these five SNPs was associated with IU or BD. In addition, a haplotype block across CFB (GTG) was significantly predisposed to uveitis with protective effect (OR 0.66, P corr = 0.048). Our results revealed a significant association of CFB with non-infectious uveitis, particularly predisposed to VKH disease. Genetic differences for uveitis could be gender-specific.
Collapse
|
37
|
Association of CD59 and CFH polymorphisms with acute anterior uveitis in Chinese population. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:1452-1457. [PMID: 27419833 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeCD59 complement regulator and complement factor H (CFH) have important roles in complement activation pathways, which are known to affect the development of uveitis. The present study was performed to investigate whether an association exists between CD59 and CFH genetic polymorphisms and acute anterior uveitis (AAU).MethodsA total of 600 individuals (300 patients diagnosed with AAU and 300 healthy controls) were recruited for this case-control study. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CD59 (rs831626, rs12272807, rs831625, rs11585, and rs12576440) and CFH-rs1065489 were genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY technology. Allele and genotype frequencies were statistically compared between patients and controls using χ2 test. Analyses were stratified for gender, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) status.ResultsNo significant association was found between any of the six polymorphisms and AAU. In HLA-B27-negative AAU patients, the frequencies of the G allele and GG homozygosity were lower in CD59-rs831626 when compared with controls (P=0.032). There were also significant decreases in the frequencies of T allele and TT homozygosity in CFH-rs1065489 in AAU patients with AS compared with controls (P=0.002). Furthermore, the frequencies of the T allele and TT homozygosity in CFH-rs1065489 were lower in the AAU male patients with AS compared with controls (P=0.015).ConclusionOur results revealed that SNPs CD59-rs831626 and CFH-rs1065489 were associated with the susceptibility of AAU. The influence on AAU could be gender specific and dependent on the HLA-B27 and AS status. No positive results were found in the overall group.
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang XF, Lin D, Lin KH, Lee SH, Xia X, Yang YM, Zhu XF, Wang YL, Dai ML, Wang QF, Jin ZB, Wang Y. Genotype-Phenotype Association Study Reveals CFI-Rs13104777 to be a Protective Genetic Marker Against Acute Anterior Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2016; 26:51-56. [PMID: 27380463 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2016.1178305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the roles of CFI, genotype-phenotype associations were identified in AAU. METHODS A case-control study was conducted in a total of 575 subjects consisting of 279 AAU patients and 296 healthy controls. Genotypic analyses were performed using Sequenom MassARRAY technology. Analyses were stratified to a series of clinical ophthalmic confounding factors. RESULTS A lower frequency of the CFI-rs13104777 C allele was found in the AAU cohort compared with the controls, and, thus, was significantly associated with AAU pathogenesis (p = 0.041, OR = 0.712, 95% CI: 0.513-0.987). Stratified analysis also demonstrated the associations may differ depending on the HLA-B27 status and laterality status. CONCLUSIONS This study has revealed a significant genetic role for CFI-rs13104777 in AAU. This influence may be dependent on human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 and disease laterality. Overall, the results provide evidence for a pathogenic role for CFI in AAU and expand our knowledge on the genetic basis of AAU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Feng Huang
- a The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, the State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health , Wenzhou , China
| | - Dan Lin
- a The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, the State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health , Wenzhou , China
| | - Keng-Hung Lin
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Taichung Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University , Taichung , Taiwan , China
| | - Shi-Huang Lee
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Taichung Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University , Taichung , Taiwan , China
| | - Xiaoru Xia
- c Department of Rheumatology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Yi-Mai Yang
- d Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou Physical Examination Center
| | - Xue-Fei Zhu
- e Department of Ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Yu-Lin Wang
- f The department of ophthalmology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang , China
| | - Ma-Li Dai
- a The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, the State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health , Wenzhou , China
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- a The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, the State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health , Wenzhou , China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- a The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, the State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health , Wenzhou , China
| | - Yuqin Wang
- a The Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, the State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health , Wenzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ouellet E, Foley JH, Conway EM, Haynes C. Hi-Fi SELEX: A High-Fidelity Digital-PCR Based Therapeutic Aptamer Discovery Platform. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 112:1506-22. [PMID: 25727321 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Current technologies for aptamer discovery typically leverage the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) concept by recursively panning semi-combinatorial ssDNA or RNA libraries against a molecular target. The expectation is that this iterative selection process will be sufficiently stringent to identify a candidate pool of specific high-affinity aptamers. However, failure of this process to yield promising aptamers is common, due in part to (i) limitations in library designs, (ii) retention of non-specific aptamers during screening rounds, (iii) excessive accumulation of amplification artifacts, and (iv) the use of screening criteria (binding affinity) that does not reflect therapeutic activity. We report a new selection platform, High-Fidelity (Hi-Fi) SELEX, that introduces fixed-region blocking elements to safeguard the functional diversity of the library. The chemistry of the target-display surface and the composition of the equilibration solvent are engineered to strongly inhibit non-specific retention of aptamers. Partition efficiencies approaching 10(6) are thereby realized. Retained members are amplified in Hi-Fi SELEX by digital PCR in a manner that ensures both elimination of amplification artifacts and stoichiometric conversion of amplicons into the single-stranded library required for the next selection round. Improvements to aptamer selections are first demonstrated using human α-thrombin as the target. Three clinical targets (human factors IXa, X, and D) are then subjected to Hi-Fi SELEX. For each, rapid enrichment of ssDNA aptamers offering an order-nM mean equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) is achieved within three selection rounds, as quantified by a new label-free qPCR assay reported here. Therapeutic candidates against factor D are identified.
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang L, Xu G, Guo J, Xie M, Chen L, Xu W. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Light-induced Activation of Retinal Microglia Through CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Signaling. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2015; 24:684-692. [PMID: 27935376 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2015.1071405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling on the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and retinal microglia. METHODS Supernatants of homogenized retina were harvested from light-damaged SD rats (ISHR) to stimulated retinal microglia. Stimulated microglia were cocultured with MSCs, CX3CL1 over-expressing MSCs (CX3CL1-MSCs) or CX3CL1-blocked MSCs (anti-CX3CL1-MSCs) for 24 hours, and their molecular and functional changes were examined. Moreover, soluble CX3CL1 was directly added to microglia cultures. RESULTS ISHR stimulation activated retinal microglia. MSCs coculture inhibited the protein expression of pro-inflammatory factors by activated microglia, increased the protein expression of neurotrophic factors, and was accompanied with upregulation of CX3CR1. Meanwhile, MSCs suppressed proliferative and migratory function of activated microglia, but promoted the phagocytic capability. These effects were strengthened by CX3CL1- MSCs, and reversed by anti-CX3CL1-MSCs. Soluble CX3CL1 could enhanced microglial migration. CONCLUSIONS MSCs might restore homeostatic functions of retinal microglia responded to light damage mainly through CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Huang
- a Department of Ophthalmology , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Guoxing Xu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Jian Guo
- a Department of Ophthalmology , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Maosong Xie
- a Department of Ophthalmology , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Lisha Chen
- a Department of Ophthalmology , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| | - Wei Xu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou , China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Loukovaara S, Nurkkala H, Tamene F, Gucciardo E, Liu X, Repo P, Lehti K, Varjosalo M. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Vitreous Humor from Diabetic Retinopathy Patients. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:5131-43. [PMID: 26490944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Initial triggers for diabetic retinopathy (DR) are hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products. The most pathological structural changes occur in retinal microvasculature, but the overall development of DR is multifactorial, with a complex interplay of microvascular, neurodegenerative, genetic/epigenetic, immunological, and secondary inflammation-related factors. Although several individual factors and pathways have been associated with retinopathy, a systems level understanding of the disease is lacking. To address this, we performed mass spectrometry based label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of 138 vitreous humor samples from patients with nonproliferative DR or the more severe proliferative form of the disease. Additionally, we analyzed samples from anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) (bevacizumab)-treated patients from both groups. In our study, we identified 2482 and quantified the abundancy of 1351 vitreous proteins. Of these, the abundancy of 230 proteins was significantly higher in proliferative retinopathy compared with nonproliferative retinopathy. This specific subset of proteins was linked to inflammation, complement, and coagulation cascade proteins, protease inhibitors, apolipoproteins, immunoglobulins, and cellular adhesion molecules, reflecting the multifactorial nature of the disease. The identification of the key molecules of the disease is critical for the development of new therapeutic molecules and for the new use of existing drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirpa Loukovaara
- Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helka Nurkkala
- Molecular Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fitsum Tamene
- Molecular Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Gucciardo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Haartman Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Molecular Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pauliina Repo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Haartman Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Haartman Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Molecular Systems Biology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ferrara D, Waheed NK, Duker JS. Investigating the choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature with new optical coherence tomography technologies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 52:130-55. [PMID: 26478514 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The body of knowledge of in vivo investigation of the choroid has been markedly enhanced by recent technological advances in optical coherence tomography (OCT). New insights elucidating the morphological features of the choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature, in both physiological and pathological conditions, indicate that the choroid plays a pivotal role in many posterior segment diseases. In this article, a review of the histological characteristics of the choroid, which must be considered for the proper interpretation of in vivo imaging, is followed by a comprehensive discussion of fundamental principles of the current state-of-the-art in OCT, including cross-sectional OCT, en face OCT, and OCT angiography using both spectral domain OCT and swept source OCT technologies. A detailed review of the tomographic features of the choroid in the normal eye is followed by relevant findings in prevalent chorioretinal diseases, focusing on major causes of vision loss such as typical early and advanced age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid spectrum disorders, diabetic choroidopathy, and myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ferrara
- New England Eye Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 260 Tremont Street, 10th Floor, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nadia K Waheed
- New England Eye Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 260 Tremont Street, 10th Floor, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay S Duker
- New England Eye Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 260 Tremont Street, 10th Floor, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pichi F, Carrai P, Srivastava SK, Lowder CY, Nucci P, Neri P. Genetic of uveitis. Int Ophthalmol 2015; 36:419-33. [PMID: 26453112 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-015-0136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune-mediated uveitis may be associated with a systemic disease or may be localized to the eye. T-cell-dependent immunological events are increasingly being regarded as extremely important in the pathogenesis of uveitis. Several studies have also shown that macrophages are major effectors of tissue damage in uveitis. Uveitis phenotypes can differ substantially, and most uveitis diseases are considered polygenic with complex inheritance patterns. This review attempts to present the current state of knowledge from in vitro and in vivo research on the role of genetics in the development and clinical course of uveitis. A review of the literature in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases was conducted to identify clinical trials, comparative studies, case series, and case reports describing host genetic factors as well as immune imbalance which contribute to the development of uveitis. The search was limited to primary reports published in English with human subjects from 1990 to the present, yielding 3590 manuscripts. In addition, referenced articles from the initial searches were hand searched to identify additional relevant reports. After title and abstract selection, duplicate elimination, and manual search, 55 papers were selected for analysis and reviewed by the authors for inclusion in this review. Studies have demonstrated associations between various genetic factors and the development and clinical course of intraocular inflammatory conditions. Genes involved included genes expressing interleukins, chemokines, chemokine receptors, and tumor necrosis factor and genes involved in complement system. When considering the genetics of uveitis, common threads can be identified. Genome-wide scans and other genetic methods are becoming increasingly successful in identifying genetic loci and candidate genes in many inflammatory disorders that have a uveitic component. It will be important to test these findings as uveitis-specific genetic factors. Therefore, the burgeoning understanding of the human genome promises to result in new insight into the pathogenesis of uveitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pichi
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- San Giuseppe Hospital, University Eye Clinic, via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Carrai
- San Giuseppe Hospital, University Eye Clinic, via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Nucci
- San Giuseppe Hospital, University Eye Clinic, via San Vittore 12, 20123, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Neri
- The Ocular Immunology Service, The Eye Clinic, Università Politecnica dele Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhu Y, Dai B, Li Y, Peng H. C5a and toll-like receptor 4 crosstalk in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Mol Vis 2015; 21:1122-9. [PMID: 26487798 PMCID: PMC4588711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of the complement activation product C5a on toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-induced responses in RPE cells. METHODS Confluent cultures of human RPE cells (ARPE-19) were stimulated with C5a, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or a combination of the two. The expression of TLR4 was determined by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. Cytokine profiles were determined by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The phosphorylation of p38, ERK 1/2, and JNK was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS C5a stimulation enhanced the expression of TLR4 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. C5a was able to stimulate the production of TLR4-induced IL-6 and IL-8 by ARPE-19 cells. Blocking experiments showed that the effect of C5a on cytokine production was mediated via C5aR. ERK1/2, but not JNK or p38, were involved in the production of IL-6 and IL-8. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that C5a can induce the TLR4 expression and enhance the production of TLR4-induced IL-6 and IL-8 by ARPE-19. The effect of C5a on cytokine production was mediated by C5aR and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- The People’s Hospital of Kai County, Chongqing, China
| | - Bingling Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Copy number variations and gene polymorphisms of complement components in ocular Behcet's disease and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12989. [PMID: 26269006 PMCID: PMC4534762 DOI: 10.1038/srep12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Complement is involved in many immune-mediated diseases. However, the association of its copy number variations (CNVs) and polymorphisms with Behcet’s disease (BD) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) is unknown. We examined copy number and mRNA expression by real-time PCR. Cytokine production by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in genotyped individuals was measured by ELISA. The frequencies of having more than two copies of C3 were significantly increased in BD and VKH, whereas CNV of C5 was only associated with BD. Increased frequencies of the GG genotype of C3 rs408290 and C5 rs2269067 were found in BD. No association was observed between C3 and C5 SNPs and VKH. mRNA expression in the high CNV group and GG cases of C3 and C5 was significantly higher compared to other genotypes. Increased interleukin-17 and IFN-γ was observed in the high CNV group and GG genotype cases of C3. Interleukin-17 but not IFN-γ was increased in the high CNV group and GG genotype cases of C5. No effect of C3 or C5 genetic variants was seen on the production of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8. Our study thus provides further evidence for a role of complement in the pathogenesis of uveitis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Perez VL, Caspi RR. Immune mechanisms in inflammatory and degenerative eye disease. Trends Immunol 2015; 36:354-63. [PMID: 25981967 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been recognized that pathology of age-associated degenerative eye diseases such as adult macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, have strong immunological underpinnings. Attempts have been made to extrapolate to age-related degenerative disease insights from inflammatory processes associated with non-infectious uveitis, but these have not yet been sufficiently informative. Here we review recent findings on the immune processes underlying uveitis and those that have been shown to contribute to AMD, discussing in this context parallels and differences between overt inflammation and para-inflammation in the eye. We propose that mechanisms associated with ocular immune privilege, in combination with paucity of age-related antigen(s) within the target tissue, dampen what could otherwise be overt inflammation and result in the para-inflammation that characterizes age-associated neurodegenerative disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Perez
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Targeting mechanisms at sites of complement activation for imaging and therapy. Immunobiology 2015; 221:726-32. [PMID: 25979851 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The complement system plays a key role in many acute injury states as well as chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Localized complement activation and alternative pathway-mediated amplification on diverse target surfaces promote local recruitment of pro-inflammatory cells and elaboration of other mediators. Despite a general understanding of the architecture of the system, though, many of the mechanisms that underlie site-specific complement activation and amplification in vivo are incompletely understood. In addition, there is no capability yet to measure the level of local tissue site-specific complement activation in patients without performing biopsies to detect products using immunohistochemical techniques. Herein is reviewed emerging evidence obtained through clinical research studies of human rheumatoid arthritis along with translational studies of its disease models which demonstrate that several parallel mechanisms are involved in site-specific amplification of activation of the complement system in vivo. Among these processes are de-regulation of the alternative pathway, effector pathway-catalyzed amplification of proximal complement activation, recognition of injury-associated ligands by components of the lectin pathway, and engagement of pathogenic natural antibodies that recognize a limited set of injury-associated neoepitopes. Studies suggest that each of these inter-related processes can play key roles in amplification of complement-dependent injury on self-tissues in vivo. These findings, in addition to development of an imaging strategy described herein designed to quantitatively measure local complement C3 fixation, have relevance to therapeutic and diagnostic strategies targeting the complement system.
Collapse
|
48
|
Tao XY, Zheng SJ, Lei B. Activated complement classical pathway in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2015; 8:17-22. [PMID: 25709901 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.01.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether the complement system is involved in a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). METHODS Forty C57BL/6J newborn mice were divided randomly into OIR group and control group. OIR was induced by exposing mice to 75%±2% oxygen from postnatal 7d (P7) to P12 and then recovered in room air. For the control group, the litters were raised in room air. At the postnatal 17d (P17), gene expressions of the complement components of the classical pathway (CP), the mannose-binding lectin (MBL) pathway and the alternative pathway (AP) in the retina were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Retinal protein expressions of the key components in the CP were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS Whole mounted retina in the OIR mice showed area of central hypoperfusion in both superficial and deep layers and neovascular tufts in the periphery. The expressions of C1qb and C4b genes in the OIR retina were significantly higher than those of the controls. The expression of retinal complement factor B (CFB) gene in OIR mice was significantly lower than those of the controls. However, the expressions of C3 and complement factor H (CFH) genes were higher. The protein synthesis of the key components involved in the CP (C1q, C4 and C3) were also significantly higher in OIR mouse retina. Although MBL-associated serine protease 1 (MASP1) and MASP2 were detected in both the OIR and the control groups, the expressions were weak and the difference between the two groups was not significant. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the complement system CP is activated during the pathogenesis of murine model of OIR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China ; Department of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Maternal and Child Health-Care Hospital, Chongqing 400013, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing 400016, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Thichanpiang P, Wongprasert K. Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Attenuates TNF-α-Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression and Monocyte Adhesion to Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:103-19. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1550007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenol component of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and demonstrates anti-oxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. EGCG has been shown to protect retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) against oxidative stress-induced cell death. The pathogenesis of diseases in the retina is usually initiated by local inflammation at the RPE cell layer, and inflammation is mostly associated with leukocyte migration and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Whether EGCG can modulate the cytokine-induced inflammatory response of RPE, particularly leukocyte migration, has not been clearly elucidated, and was therefore the objective of this study. ARPE-19 cells were cultured with different concentrations of TNF-α in the presence or absence of EGCG to different time points. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and phosphor-NF-κB and IκB expression were determined by Western blot analysis. Phosphor-NF-κB nuclear translocation and monocyte–RPE adhesion were investigated using immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to further determine the ultrastructure of monocyte–RPE adhesion. The results demonstrated that TNF-α modulated inflammatory effects in ARPE-19 by induction of ROS and up-regulation of ICAM-1 expression. Moreover, TNF-α-induced phosphor-NF-κB nuclear translocation, increased phosphor-NF-κB expression and IκB degradation, and increased the degree of monocyte–RPE adhesion. Pretreating the cells with EGCG ameliorated the inflammatory effects of TNF-α. The results indicated that EGCG significantly exerts anti-inflammatory effects in ARPE-19 cells, partly as a suppressor of TNF-α signaling and that the inhibition was mediated via the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peeradech Thichanpiang
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kanokpan Wongprasert
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
The role of glial cells and the complement system in retinal diseases and Alzheimer’s disease: common neural degeneration mechanisms. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:3363-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-4078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|