1
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Cui H, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Li H, Zhang M, Wang X, Zhao X, Cheng H, Xu J, Chen X, Ding Z. Intelectin enhances the phagocytosis of macrophages via CDC42-WASF2-ARPC2 signaling axis in Megalobrama amblycephala. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:124027. [PMID: 36907302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Intelectin has been identified in various vertebrates and plays an important role in the host immune system. In our previous studies, recombinant Megalobrama amblycephala intelectin (rMaINTL) protein with excellent bacterial binding and agglutination activities enhances the phagocytic and killing activities of macrophages in M. amblycephala; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. The present study showed that treatment with Aeromonas hydrophila and LPS induced the expression of rMaINTL in macrophages, and its level and distribution in macrophages or kidney tissue markedly increased after incubation or injection with rMaINTL. The cellular structure of macrophages was significantly affected after incubation with rMaINTL, resulting in an increased surface area and pseudopodia extension, which might contribute to enhancing the phagocytic ability of macrophages. Then, digital gene expression profiling analysis of the kidneys from rMaINTL-treated juvenile M. amblycephala identified some phagocytosis-related signaling factors that were enriched in pathways involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, qRT-PCR and western blotting verified that rMaINTL upregulated the expression of CDC42, WASF2, and ARPC2 in vitro and in vivo; however, the expression of these proteins was inhibited by a CDC42 inhibitor in macrophages. Moreover, CDC42 mediated the promotion of rMaINTL on actin polymerization by increasing the F-actin/G-actin ratio, which led to the extension of pseudopodia and remodeling of the macrophage cytoskeleton. Furthermore, the enhancement of macrophage phagocytosis by rMaINTL was blocked by the CDC42 inhibitor. These results suggested that rMaINTL induced the expression of CDC42 as well as the downstream signaling molecules WASF2 and ARPC2, thereby facilitating actin polymerization to promote cytoskeletal remodeling and phagocytosis. Overall, MaINTL enhanced the phagocytosis activity of macrophages in M. amblycephala via activation of the CDC42-WASF2-ARPC2 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hujun Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yancui Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hongping Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hanliang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jianhe Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhujin Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
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2
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Duan H, Yang S, Zhang X, Ji G. Bacterial-agglutinating and opsonic activities of RIPK1 in zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 261:109443. [PMID: 35981661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that receptor interacting protein kinase-1 acts as a crucial mediator in the regulation of immune response, but evidence remains lacking for its direct interaction with bacteria. In this study, we found that challenge with lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid resulted in a significantly increased transcriptional expression of receptor interacting protein kinase-1 in zebrafish, suggesting the receptor interacting protein kinase-1 is implicated in anti-infectious responses. In accordance, we found that recombinant receptor interacting protein kinase-1 was not only able to bind to Gram-negative and -positive bacteria via interaction with lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid, but also agglutinate both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Duan
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guangdong Ji
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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3
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Thanh Dien L, Linh NV, Sangpo P, Senapin S, St-Hilaire S, Rodkhum C, Dong HT. Ozone nanobubble treatments improve survivability of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) challenged with a pathogenic multi-drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1435-1447. [PMID: 34114245 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A rapid increase in multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in aquaculture highlights the risk of production losses due to diseases and potential public health concerns. Previously, we reported that ozone nanobubbles (NB-O3 ) were effective at reducing concentrations of pathogenic bacteria in water and modulating fish immunity against pathogens; however, multiple treatments with direct NB-O3 exposures caused alterations to the gills of exposed fish. Here, we set up a modified recirculation system (MRS) assembled with an NB-O3 device (MRS-NB-O3 ) to investigate whether MRS-NB-O3 (a) were safe for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), (b) were effective at reducing bacterial load in rearing water and (c) improved survivability of Nile tilapia following an immersion challenge with a lethal dose of MDR Aeromonas hydrophila. The results showed no behavioural abnormalities or mortality of Nile tilapia during the 14-day study using the MRS-NB-O3 system. In the immersion challenge, although high bacterial concentration (~2 × 107 CFU/ml) was used, multiple NB-O3 treatments in the first two days reduced the bacteria between 15.9% and 35.6% of bacterial load in water, while bacterial concentration increased from 13.1% to 27.9% in the untreated control. There was slight up-regulation of non-specific immune-related genes in the gills of the fish receiving NB-O3 treatments. Most importantly, this treatment significantly improved survivability of Nile tilapia with relative percentage survival (RPS) of 64.7% - 66.7% in treated fish and surviving fish developed specific antibody against MDR A. hydrophila. In summary, the result suggests that NB-O3 is a promising non-antibiotic approach to control bacterial diseases, including MDR bacteria, and has high potential for application in recirculation aquaculture system (RAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thanh Dien
- Fish Infectious Diseases Research Unit (FID RU), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- The International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Technology, Tien Giang University, Tien Giang, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Vu Linh
- Fish Infectious Diseases Research Unit (FID RU), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattiya Sangpo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sophie St-Hilaire
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Fish Infectious Diseases Research Unit (FID RU), Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Sun W, Li H, Zhao Y, Bai L, Qin Y, Wang Q, Li W. Distinct vitellogenin domains differentially regulate immunological outcomes in invertebrates. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100060. [PMID: 33177064 PMCID: PMC7949091 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical role of Vitellogenin (Vg) is providing energy reserves for developing embryos, but its roles appear to extend beyond this nutritional function, and its importance in host immune defense is garnering increasing research attention. However, Vg-regulated immunological functions are dependent on three different domains within different species and remain poorly understood. In the present study, we confirmed three conserved VG domains-LPD_N, DUF1943, and VWD-in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), highlighting functional similarities of Vg in vertebrates and invertebrates. Of these three domains, DUF1943 and VWD showed definitive bacterial binding activity via interaction with the signature components on microbial surfaces, but this activity was not exhibited by the LPD_N domain. Antibacterial assays indicated that only the VWD domain inhibits bacterial proliferation, and this function may be conserved between different species due to the conserved amino acid residues. To further explore the relationship between Vg and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), we expressed EspIgR and the three E. sinensis Vg (EsVg) domains in HEK293T cells, and coimmunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that only the DUF1943 domain interacts with EspIgR. Subsequent experiments demonstrated that EsVg regulates hemocyte phagocytosis by binding with EspIgR through the DUF1943 domain, thus promoting bacterial clearance and protecting the host from bacterial infection. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to report distinct domains in Vg inducing different immunological outcomes in invertebrates, providing new evidence that pIgR acts as a phagocytic receptor for Vg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Sun
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Zhao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Longwei Bai
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukai Qin
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense and Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Sun W, Li L, Li H, Zhou K, Li W, Wang Q. Vitellogenin receptor expression in ovaries controls innate immunity in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) by regulating vitellogenin accumulation in the hemolymph. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:480-489. [PMID: 32920203 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The vitellogenin receptor (Vgr), which is specific for vitellogenin (Vtg), recognises and transports Vtg into the ovaries. Accumulating evidence suggests that Vtg also performs an immune defence function and plays critical roles in innate immunity in oviparous animals. However, whether Vgr is involved in innate immunity in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is unknown. In this study, we obtained a 3009 nucleotide partial cDNA of the E. sinensis vitellogenin receptor gene (Es-vgr) encoding an open reading frame of 1003 amino acid residues. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the domains of Es-vgr were conserved during evolution. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting revealed that the highest Es-vgr expression levels occurred in the ovary, and expression was specific. Comparison of the expression levels of Es-vgr and the Vtg gene (Es-vtg1) at different ovary developmental stages suggested that there may be some regulatory relationship between them. Bacterial challenge induced high-level expression of antimicrobial peptide genes and reduced Es-vgr expression in ovaries, resulting in massive accumulation of Vtg in the hemolymph. The survival rate of crabs increased significantly after injection with recombinant Es-vtg1 protein following bacterial infection. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Es-vgr plays critical roles in antimicrobial function by regulating the accumulation of Vtg in the hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Sun
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaimin Zhou
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qun Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense & Reproductive Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Duan H, Yang S, Ni S, Ma Z, Yuan J, Zhang S. Identification of β tubulin IVb as a pattern recognition receptor with opsonic activity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 235:108781. [PMID: 32387479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that tubulins play important role in immune responses of both plants and animals, but no experiments have been performed to study the mode of action of tubulins in immune defense. In addition, there is little convincing experimental evidence of functional commitment for specific tubulin isotypes in animals. In the present, we showed that expression of β-tubulin IVb gene was affected by both LPS and LTA, hinting its involvement in anti-infectious response. We also showed that recombinant zebrafish β-tubulin IVb not only interacted with LPS and LTA as well as Gram-negative and -positive bacteria but also agglutinated both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria in a Ca2+-dependent fashion. Interestingly, recombinant β-tubulin IVb could enhance the phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages. Moreover, we demonstrated that β-tubulin IVb was present extracellularly in the serum of zebrafish and mouse. Collectively, these suggest that β-tubulin IVb may be physiologically involved in the systematic immunity of host via acting as a pattern recognition receptor and an opsonin. This also provides a new angle to understand the roles of β-tubulin IVb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Duan
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shousheng Ni
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zengyu Ma
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianrui Yuan
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266003, China.
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7
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Cai SY, Nie L, Chen J. C-reactive protein/serum amyloid P promotes pro-inflammatory function and induces M1-type polarization of monocytes/macrophages in mudskipper, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:318-326. [PMID: 31513914 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P (SAP) play essential roles in the phagocytic cell-mediated innate immune response of mammals. In-depth studies into CRP and SAP have been completed in mammals; however, such studies, particularly those relating to the functions of CRP and SAP, are rare in fish species. In this study, a homolog of CRP/SAP (BpCRP/SAP) was identified in mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris), which had the typical characteristics of a fish short pentraxin protein. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that BpCRP/SAP was most closely related to mudskipper CRP/SAP-l3. BpCRP/SAP transcripts were detected in all tested tissues, with the highest level observed in the liver; transcripts in the immune tissues and protein expression in the serum were induced in response to Edwardsiella tarda infection. The active recombinant BpCRP/SAP (rBpCRP/SAP) was able to augment the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and attenuate the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in monocytes/macrophages (MO/MΦ). In addition, phagocytosis and bacterial killing of E. tarda by mudskipper MO/MΦ were boosted by rBpCRP/SAP stimulation. rBpCRP/SAP also promoted M1-type MO/MΦ polarization, but inhibited M2-type polarization. In conclusion, the present research describes the pro-inflammatory function of BpCRP/SAP in mudskipper against E. tarda infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Li Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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8
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Tye M, Masino MA. Dietary Contaminants and Their Effects on Zebrafish Embryos. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7030046. [PMID: 31500302 PMCID: PMC6789805 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary contaminants are often an over-looked factor in the health of zebrafish. Typically, water is considered to be the source for most contaminants, especially within an aquatic environment. For this reason, source water for zebrafish recirculating systems is highly regulated and monitored daily. Most facilities use reverse osmosis or de-ionized water filtration systems to purify incoming water to ensure that contaminants, as well as pathogens, do not enter their zebrafish housing units. However, diets are rarely tested for contaminants and, in the case of manufactured zebrafish feeds, since the product is marketed for aquaculture or aquarium use it is assumed that the feed is acceptable for animals used for research. The following provides examples as to how contaminants could lead to negative effects on development and behavior of developing zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Tye
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Mark A Masino
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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9
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Shahin K, Shinn AP, Metselaar M, Ramirez-Paredes JG, Monaghan SJ, Thompson KD, Hoare R, Adams A. Efficacy of an inactivated whole-cell injection vaccine for nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L), against multiple isolates of Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis from diverse geographical regions. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:217-227. [PMID: 30951851 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Francisellosis, induced by Francisella noatunensis subsp. orientalis (Fno), is an emerging bacterial disease representing a major threat to the global tilapia industry. There are no commercialised vaccines presently available against francisellosis for use in farmed tilapia, and the only available therapeutic practices used in the field are either the prolonged use of antibiotics or increasing water temperature. Recently, an autogenous whole cell-adjuvanted injectable vaccine was developed that gave 100% relative percent survival (RPS) in tilapia challenged with a homologous isolate of Fno. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of this vaccine against challenge with heterologous Fno isolates. Healthy Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (∼15 g) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with the vaccine, adjuvant-alone or phosphate buffer saline (PBS) followed by an i.p. challenge with three Fno isolates from geographically distinct locations. The vaccine provided significant protection in all groups of vaccinated tilapia, with a significantly higher RPS of 82.3% obtained against homologous challenge, compared to 69.8% and 65.9% with the heterologous challenges. Protection correlated with significantly higher specific antibody responses, and western blot analysis demonstrated cross-isolate antigenicity with fish sera post-vaccination and post-challenge. Moreover, a significantly lower bacterial burden was detected by qPCR in conjunction with significantly greater expression of IgM, IL-1 β, TNF-α and MHCII, 72 h post-vaccination (hpv) in spleen samples from vaccinated tilapia compared to fish injected with adjuvant-alone and PBS. The Fno vaccine described in this study may provide a starting point for development a broad-spectrum highly protective vaccine against francisellosis in tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Shahin
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK; Aquatic Animal Diseases Lab, Aquaculture Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), P.O. Box 43511, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Andrew P Shinn
- Fish Vet Group Asia, 21/359 Premjairard Road, Chonburi, 20130, Thailand
| | - Matthijs Metselaar
- Benchmark Animal Health, Bush House, Edinburgh Technopole, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH26 0BB, UK
| | | | - Sean J Monaghan
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Rowena Hoare
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexandra Adams
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
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10
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Gao XM, Zhou Y, Zhang DD, Hou CC, Zhu JQ. Multiple vitellogenin genes (vtgs) in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea): molecular characterization and expression pattern analysis during ovarian development. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:829-848. [PMID: 30843140 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is a marine fish that is economically important to Chinese fisheries, and its reproductive and developmental biology have been extensively investigated. However, the molecular mechanism of oogenesis in L. crocea is not clear. Here, we investigated the multiple vitellogenin (Vtg) system in large yellow croaker. Three different vtg cDNA sequences, including vtgAa, vtgAb and vtgC, were cloned, which indicate the existence of multiple Vtg proteins in large yellow croaker (Lc-Vtgs). Subsequently, the vtg cDNA sequences and predicted Vtg protein structures were analysed, and Vtg protein structures were found to be highly conserved. To research the expression of vtgs during the development of the ovaries, we examined ovarian development and oogenesis by histological analysis. Four stages of ovary development - stages II, III, IV and V - were observed and their boundaries were defined. Soon afterwards, the expression of vtgs in the liver (known as the main site of Vtg synthesis in teleosts) and ovary were analysed. The expression of vtgs was detected in the two tissues. Interestingly, in the early stages of development (stages II and III), there is little or no generation of yolk granules and the expression of vtgs in the liver is low. However, in the late stages (stages IV and V), yolk granules are generated rapidly and the expression of vtgs is significantly increased in the liver. These results support the hypothesis that the Vtgs were synthetized by the liver, and absorbed by the growing oocytes to promote oogenesis in large yellow croaker. We also detected the presence of vtg mRNA in the liver cells and oocytes by in situ hybridization, which indicated that vths were expressed both in the liver and ovaries. Importantly, we found that the distribution of vtgAa and vtgAb mRNA was close to the sites of yolk granule formation in oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Cong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun-Quan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology by the Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Yang S, Liu S, Qu B, Dong Y, Zhang S. Identification of sea bass pIgR shows its interaction with vitellogenin inducing antibody-like activities in HEK 293T cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:394-404. [PMID: 27919759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fish vitellogenin (Vg) has been shown to mediate the phagocytosis via interaction with a Fcγ-like phagocytic receptor on macrophages, but identification of such a receptor and its functional characterization remains lacking. In this study, we isolated a cDNA of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) from sea bass, which encoded a single-spanning transmembrane protein of 326 amino acids including a 21-amino acid signal peptide, an extracellular region, a transmembrane region and a 36-amino acid intracellular region included two Ig-like domains (ILDs), and was expressed in multiple lymphoid organs. We then showed that recombinant extracellular domain of sea bass pIgR was capable of binding to Vg as well as IgG and IgM. We also showed that Vg as well as IgG and IgM interacted with pIgR-expressing HEK 293T cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that Vg as well as IgG and IgM were all capable of enhancing phagocytosis by HEK 293T cells and inducing expression of tnf-α and il-1β, via interacting with pIgR. Collectively, these results suggest that fish Vg, analogous to IgG and IgM, can interact with pIgR and result in similar down-stream immune responses, providing an additional evidence that Vg plays an antibody-like role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Yang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, China
| | - Shousheng Liu
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, China
| | - Baozhen Qu
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, China.
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12
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Du X, Wang X, Wang S, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S. Functional characterization of Vitellogenin_N domain, domain of unknown function 1943, and von Willebrand factor type D domain in vitellogenin of the non-bilaterian coral Euphyllia ancora: Implications for emergence of immune activity of vitellogenin in basal metazoan. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:485-494. [PMID: 27765604 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the function of vitellogenin (Vg) in reproduction has undergone a transformation over the past decade in parallel with new insights into the role of Vg in immunity. However, the time when Vg was endowed with immunological activities during animal evolution remains elusive. Here we demonstrate for the first time that the recombinant proteins rVitellogenin_N, rDUF1943, and rVWD from Vg of the basal metazoan coral Euphyllia ancora not only interact with Gram-positive and negative bacteria as well as their conserved surface components LTA and LPS but also enhance phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages. Moreover, challenge with LPS results in a marked up-regulation of vg in the coral E. ancora. These data suggest that E. ancora Vg, like that described in the bilaterian oviparous animals fish and amphioxus, is a molecule related to antibacterial defense, indicating that the timing of the emergence of immune role of Vg predates the divergence of the cnidarian (non-bilaterian) and bilaterian lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Du
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Su Wang
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Abstract
Recent discoveries on the delivery of small- and large-size molecules and organelles to the oocytes/eggs from external sources, such as surrounding somatic cells, body fluids, and sperm, change our understanding of female germ cells' (oocytes and eggs) self-containment and individuality. In this chapter, we will summarize present-day knowledge on sources and presumptive functions of different types of exogenous molecules and organelles delivered to the animal oocytes and eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6550 Fannin St., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jacek Z Kubiak
- CNRS UMR 6290, Cell Cycle Group, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes, Rennes, France.,University of Rennes 1, Faculty of Medicine, Rennes, France.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), Warsaw, Poland
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Sun C, Zhang S. Immune-Relevant and Antioxidant Activities of Vitellogenin and Yolk Proteins in Fish. Nutrients 2015. [PMID: 26506386 DOI: 10.3390/nu710543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vtg), the major egg yolk precursor protein, is traditionally thought to provide protein- and lipid-rich nutrients for developing embryos and larvae. However, the roles of Vtg as well as its derived yolk proteins lipovitellin (Lv) and phosvitin (Pv) extend beyond nutritional functions. Accumulating data have demonstrated that Vtg, Lv and Pv participate in host innate immune defense with multifaceted functions. They can all act as multivalent pattern recognition receptors capable of identifying invading microbes. Vtg and Pv can also act as immune effectors capable of killing bacteria and virus. Moreover, Vtg and Lv are shown to possess phagocytosis-promoting activity as opsonins. In addition to these immune-relevant functions, Vtg and Pv are found to have antioxidant activity, which is able to protect the host from oxidant stress. These non-nutritional functions clearly deepen our understanding of the physiological roles of the molecules, and at the same time, provide a sound basis for potential application of the molecules in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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15
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Sun C, Zhang S. Immune-Relevant and Antioxidant Activities of Vitellogenin and Yolk Proteins in Fish. Nutrients 2015; 7:8818-29. [PMID: 26506386 PMCID: PMC4632452 DOI: 10.3390/nu7105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vtg), the major egg yolk precursor protein, is traditionally thought to provide protein- and lipid-rich nutrients for developing embryos and larvae. However, the roles of Vtg as well as its derived yolk proteins lipovitellin (Lv) and phosvitin (Pv) extend beyond nutritional functions. Accumulating data have demonstrated that Vtg, Lv and Pv participate in host innate immune defense with multifaceted functions. They can all act as multivalent pattern recognition receptors capable of identifying invading microbes. Vtg and Pv can also act as immune effectors capable of killing bacteria and virus. Moreover, Vtg and Lv are shown to possess phagocytosis-promoting activity as opsonins. In addition to these immune-relevant functions, Vtg and Pv are found to have antioxidant activity, which is able to protect the host from oxidant stress. These non-nutritional functions clearly deepen our understanding of the physiological roles of the molecules, and at the same time, provide a sound basis for potential application of the molecules in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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16
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Zhang S, Dong Y, Cui P. Vitellogenin is an immunocompetent molecule for mother and offspring in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:710-715. [PMID: 26282682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the function of vitellogenin (Vg) in reproduction has undergone a transformation over the past decade in parallel with new insights into the role of Vg in immunity. Initially, Vg was regarded as a female-specific reproductive protein, which is cleaved into yolk proteins such as phosvitin (Pv) and lipovitellin (Lv), stored in egg, providing the nutrients for developing embryos. Recently, Vg is shown to be an immune-relevant molecule involved in the defense of the host against the microbes including bacterium and virus. Furthermore, Pv and Lv, that both are proteolytically cleaved products of Vg, play a defense role in developing embryos. Importantly, yolk protein-derived small peptides also display antimicrobial activity. These data together indicate that Vg, in addition to being involved in yolk protein formation, plays a non-reproductive role via functioning as an immune-relevant molecule in both parent fishes and their offspring. It also shows that yolk proteins and their degraded peptides are novel players in maternal immunity, opening a new avenue to study the functions of reproductive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicui Zhang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yuan Dong
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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17
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Sun C, Hu L, Liu S, Gao Z, Zhang S. Functional analysis of domain of unknown function (DUF) 1943, DUF1944 and von Willebrand factor type D domain (VWD) in vitellogenin2 in zebrafish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 41:469-476. [PMID: 23867754 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vg), the precursor of egg-yolk proteins in all oviparous organisms, shares a similar domain structure combination. In most cases, Vg contains the Vitellogenin_N domain, the domain of unknown function (DUF) 1943, and the von Willebrand factor type D domain (VWD), which are present in different forms of Vg from both vertebrates and invertebrates. Occasionally, a DUF1944 domain is also present in between DUF1943 and VWD in some Vg proteins of vertebrates. Recent studies have shown that Vg participates in immune defense of host with multiple functions. However, whether all Vg proteins encoded by different vg genes play an immune role is unknown. In addition, the correlation of different domains in Vg with the multiple immune functions remains completely unclear. Here we demonstrated clearly that recombinant proteins, rDUF1943, rDUF1944 and rVWD from zebrafish Vg2 interacted with both the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus and the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Vibrio anguillarum, as well as their signature components LTA and LPS. Moreover, both rDUF1943 and rDUF1944 promoted the phagocytosis of E. coli and S. aureus by carp macrophages. These suggest that both DUF1943 and DUF1944 as well as VWD may contribute to the function of Vg as a pattern recognition receptor, and DUF1943 and DUF1944 also contribute to the function of Vg as an opsonin. This study also opens a new angle for identification of function of genes of unknown function, which have the domains DUF1943 and DUF1944.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity and Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Montenegro JM, Grazu V, Sukhanova A, Agarwal S, de la Fuente JM, Nabiev I, Greiner A, Parak WJ. Controlled antibody/(bio-) conjugation of inorganic nanoparticles for targeted delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:677-88. [PMID: 23280372 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Arguably targeting is one of the biggest problems for controlled drug delivery. In the case that drugs can be directed with high efficiency to the target tissue, side effects of medication are drastically reduced. Colloidal inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have been proposed and described in the last 10years as new platforms for in vivo delivery. However, though NPs can introduce plentiful functional properties (such as controlled destruction of tissue by local heating or local generation of free radicals), targeting remains an issue of intense research efforts. While passive targeting of NPs has been reported (the so-called enhanced permeation and retention, EPR effect), still improved active targeting would be highly desirable. One classical approach for active targeting is mediated by molecular recognition via capture molecules, i.e. antibodies (Abs) specific for the target. In order to apply this strategy for NPs, they need to be conjugated with Abs against specific biomarkers. Though many approaches have been reported in this direction, the controlled bioconjugation of NPs is still a challenge. In this article the strategies of controlled bioconjugation of NPs will be reviewed giving particular emphasis to the following questions: 1) how can the number of capture molecules per NP be precisely adjusted, and 2) how can the Abs be attached to NP surfaces in an oriented way. Solution of both questions is a cornerstone in controlled targeting of the inorganic NPs bioconjugates.
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Jubeaux G, Simon R, Salvador A, Lopes C, Lacaze E, Quéau H, Chaumot A, Geffard O. Vitellogenin-like protein measurement in caged Gammarus fossarum males as a biomarker of endocrine disruptor exposure: inconclusive experience. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 122-123:9-18. [PMID: 22710022 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A vitellogenin (Vg) mass spectrometry-based assay was recently developed to actively biomonitor and assess the exposure of the amphipod Gammarus fossarum to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in freshwater hydrosystems. This paper focuses on the appropriate use of this biomarker, which requires good knowledge of its basal level in males and its natural variability related to intrinsic biotic and environmental abiotic factors. To obtain the lowest biomarker variability, we first studied some of these confounding factors. We observed that the spermatogenesis stage did not have an impact on the Vg level, allowing flexibility in the choice of transplanted gammarids. In the second part of the study, males were transplanted in two clean stations for 21 days, with results indicating a spatial and temporal variability of Vg levels. These Vg changes could not be correlated to environmental factors (e.g., temperature, pH and hardness of waters). Vg induction was then assessed in 21 stations having various levels of contamination. Inductions were observed for only two of the impacted stations studied. Under reference and contaminated conditions, a high interindividual variability of Vg levels was observed in caged organisms, severely limiting the sensitivity of the biomarker and its ability to detect a significant endocrine-disruptor effect. This may be explained by unidentified environmental factors that should later be determined to improved the use of Vg as a biomarker in male G. fossarum. Moreover, as discussed in this paper, recent advancements regarding the pleiotropic functions of the Vg gene in some species may complicate the application of this biomarker in males of invertebrate species.
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Jubeaux G, Audouard-Combe F, Simon R, Tutundjian R, Salvador A, Geffard O, Chaumot A. Vitellogenin-like proteins among invertebrate species diversity: potential of proteomic mass spectrometry for biomarker development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:6315-6323. [PMID: 22578134 DOI: 10.1021/es300550h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effective methodologies along with cross-species applicability constitute key points for biomarker development in ecotoxicology. With the advent of cheaper affordable genomic techniques and high throughput sequencing, omics tools could facilitate the assessment of effects of environmental contaminants for all taxa biodiversity. We assessed the potential of absolute quantification of proteins using mass spectrometry to develop vitellogenin (Vg)-like protein assays for invertebrates. We used available sequences in public databases to rapidly identify Vg-proteotypic peptides in seven species from different main taxa of protostome invertebrates (mollusk bivalves, crustacean amphipods, branchiopods, copepods and isopods, and insect diptera). Functional validation was performed by comparing proteomic signals from reproductive female tissue samples and negative controls (male or juvenile tissues). In a second part, we demonstrate in gammarids, daphnids, drosophilids, and gastropods that the assay validated in Vg-sequenced species can be applied to Vg-unsequenced species thanks to the evolutionary conservation of Vg-proteotypic peptide motifs. Finally, we discuss the relevance of mass spectrometry for biomarker development (specific measurement, rapid development, transferability across species). Our study supplies an illustration of the promising strategy to address the challenge of biodiversity in ecotoxicology, which consists in employing omics tools from comparative and evolutionary perspectives.
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