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Silva FG, Silva SR, Pereira AMF, Cerqueira JL, Conceição C. A Comprehensive Review of Bovine Colostrum Components and Selected Aspects Regarding Their Impact on Neonatal Calf Physiology. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1130. [PMID: 38612369 PMCID: PMC11010951 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Colostrum contains macro- and micronutrients necessary to meet the nutritional and energy requirements of the neonatal calf, bioactive components that intervene in several physiological aspects, and cells and microorganisms that modulate the calf's immune system and gut microbiome. Colostrum is sometimes mistaken as transition milk, which, although more nutritive than whole milk, has a distinct biochemical composition. Furthermore, most research about colostrum quality and colostrum management focuses on the transfer of maternal IgG to the newborn calf. The remaining components of colostrum and transition milk have not received the same attention, despite their importance to the newborn animal. In this narrative review, a large body of literature on the components of bovine colostrum was reviewed. The variability of these components was summarized, emphasizing specific components that warrant deeper exploration. In addition, the effects of each component present in colostrum and transition milk on several key physiological aspects of the newborn calf are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio G. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Severiano R. Silva
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
| | - Alfredo M. F. Pereira
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Joaquim Lima Cerqueira
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal (J.L.C.)
- Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Agrarian School of Ponte de Lima, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Refóios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal
| | - Cristina Conceição
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Department of Zootechnics, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.M.F.P.); (C.C.)
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Asbjornsdottir B, Sigurdsson S, Miranda-Ribera A, Fiorentino M, Konno T, Lan J, Gudmundsson LS, Gottfredsson M, Lauth B, Birgisdottir BE, Fasano A. Evaluating Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Barrier Function in Zonulin Transgenic Mice: A Transcriptomic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14730. [PMID: 37834178 PMCID: PMC10572565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier comprises a single layer of epithelial cells tightly joined to form a physical barrier. Disruption or compromise of the intestinal barrier can lead to the inadvertent activation of immune cells, potentially causing an increased risk of chronic inflammation in various tissues. Recent research has suggested that specific dietary components may influence the function of the intestinal barrier, potentially offering a means to prevent or mitigate inflammatory disorders. However, the precise mechanism underlying these effects remains unclear. Bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk from cows after calving, is a natural source of nutrients with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and gut-barrier fortifying properties. This novel study sought to investigate the transcriptome in BC-treated Zonulin transgenic mice (Ztm), characterized by dysbiotic microbiota, intestinal hyperpermeability, and mild hyperactivity, applying RNA sequencing. Seventy-five tissue samples from the duodenum, colon, and brain of Ztm and wild-type (WT) mice were dissected, processed, and RNA sequenced. The expression profiles were analyzed and integrated to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed transcripts (DETs). These were then further examined using bioinformatics tools. RNA-seq analysis identified 1298 DEGs and 20,952 DETs in the paired (Ztm treatment vs. Ztm control) and reference (WT controls) groups. Of these, 733 DEGs and 10,476 DETs were upregulated, while 565 DEGs and 6097 DETs were downregulated. BC-treated Ztm female mice showed significant upregulation of cingulin (Cgn) and claudin 12 (Cldn12) duodenum and protein interactions, as well as molecular pathways and interactions pertaining to tight junctions, while BC-treated Ztm males displayed an upregulation of transcripts like occludin (Ocln) and Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (Arhgf2) and cellular structures and interfaces, protein-protein interactions, and organization and response mechanisms. This comprehensive analysis reveals the influence of BC treatment on tight junctions (TJs) and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling pathway gene expressions. The present study is the first to analyze intestinal and brain samples from BC-treated Ztm mice applying high-throughput RNA sequencing. This study revealed molecular interaction in intestinal barrier function and identified hub genes and their functional pathways and biological processes in response to BC treatment in Ztm mice. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore their implications for dietary interventions aimed at improving intestinal barrier integrity and function. The MGH Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee authorized the animal study (2013N000013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Birna Asbjornsdottir
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Snaevar Sigurdsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alba Miranda-Ribera
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Maria Fiorentino
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
- Department of Cell Science, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Jinggang Lan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Larus S. Gudmundsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Magnus Gottfredsson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Landspitali University Hospital, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Landspitali University Hospital, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bertrand Lauth
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland (M.G.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Landspitali University Hospital, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (B.A.); (M.F.); (T.K.); (J.L.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02138, USA
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Kaur H, Kaur G, Gupta T, Mittal D, Ali SA. Integrating Omics Technologies for a Comprehensive Understanding of the Microbiome and Its Impact on Cattle Production. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1200. [PMID: 37759599 PMCID: PMC10525894 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Ruminant production holds a pivotal position within the global animal production and agricultural sectors. As population growth escalates, posing environmental challenges, a heightened emphasis is directed toward refining ruminant production systems. Recent investigations underscore the connection between the composition and functionality of the rumen microbiome and economically advantageous traits in cattle. Consequently, the development of innovative strategies to enhance cattle feed efficiency, while curbing environmental and financial burdens, becomes imperative. The advent of omics technologies has yielded fresh insights into metabolic health fluctuations in dairy cattle, consequently enhancing nutritional management practices. The pivotal role of the rumen microbiome in augmenting feeding efficiency by transforming low-quality feedstuffs into energy substrates for the host is underscored. This microbial community assumes focal importance within gut microbiome studies, contributing indispensably to plant fiber digestion, as well as influencing production and health variability in ruminants. Instances of compromised animal welfare can substantially modulate the microbiological composition of the rumen, thereby influencing production rates. A comprehensive global approach that targets both cattle and their rumen microbiota is paramount for enhancing feed efficiency and optimizing rumen fermentation processes. This review article underscores the factors that contribute to the establishment or restoration of the rumen microbiome post perturbations and the intricacies of host-microbiome interactions. We accentuate the elements responsible for responsible host-microbiome interactions and practical applications in the domains of animal health and production. Moreover, meticulous scrutiny of the microbiome and its consequential effects on cattle production systems greatly contributes to forging more sustainable and resilient food production systems, thereby mitigating the adverse environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal 132001, India
| | - Gurjeet Kaur
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Taruna Gupta
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal 132001, India
| | - Deepti Mittal
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal 132001, India
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Cell Biology and Proteomics Lab, Animal Biotechnology Center, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (ICAR-NDRI), Karnal 132001, India
- Division Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Abdelrahman M, Wang W, Shaukat A, Kulyar MFEA, Lv H, Abulaiti A, Yao Z, Ahmad MJ, Liang A, Yang L. Nutritional Modulation, Gut, and Omics Crosstalk in Ruminants. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080997. [PMID: 35454245 PMCID: PMC9029867 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the last decade, animal nutrition science has been significantly developed, supported by the great advancements in molecular technologies. For scientists, the present "feedomics and nutrigenomics" era continues to evolve and shape how research is designed, performed, and understood. The new omics interpretations have established a new point of view for the nutrition–gene interaction, integrating more comprehensive findings from animal physiology, molecular genetics, and biochemistry. In the ruminant model, this modern approach addresses rumen microbes as a critical intermediate that can deepen the studies of diet–gut interaction with host genomics. The present review discusses nutrigenomics’ and feedomics’ potential contribution to diminishing the knowledge gap about the DNA cellular activities of different nutrients. It also presents how nutritional management can influence the epigenetic pathway, considering the production type, life stage, and species for more sustainable ruminant nutrition strategies. Abstract Ruminant nutrition has significantly revolutionized a new and prodigious molecular approach in livestock sciences over the last decade. Wide-spectrum advances in DNA and RNA technologies and analysis have produced a wealth of data that have shifted the research threshold scheme to a more affluent level. Recently, the published literature has pointed out the nutrient roles in different cellular genomic alterations among different ruminant species, besides the interactions with other factors, such as age, type, and breed. Additionally, it has addressed rumen microbes within the gut health and productivity context, which has made interpreting homogenous evidence more complicated. As a more systematic approach, nutrigenomics can identify how genomics interacts with nutrition and other variables linked to animal performance. Such findings should contribute to crystallizing powerful interpretations correlating feeding management with ruminant production and health through genomics. This review will present a road-mapping discussion of promising trends in ruminant nutrigenomics as a reference for phenotype expression through multi-level omics changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelrahman
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Asyut 71515, Egypt
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | | | - Haimiao Lv
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Adili Abulaiti
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Zhiqiu Yao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Muhammad Jamil Ahmad
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
| | - Aixin Liang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.A.); (W.W.); (A.S.); (H.L.); (A.A.); (Z.Y.); (M.J.A.); (A.L.)
- National Center for International Research on Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction (NCIRAGBR), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-7105-6592
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Fischer-Tlustos A, Lopez A, Hare K, Wood K, Steele M. Effects of colostrum management on transfer of passive immunity and the potential role of colostral bioactive components on neonatal calf development and metabolism. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal dairy and beef calves are required to ingest adequate volumes of high-quality colostrum during their first hours of life to acquire transfer of passive immunity (TPI). As such, immunoglobulin G (IgG) has largely been the focus of colostrum research over recent decades. Yet, little is known about the additional bioactive compounds in colostrum that potentially influence newborn calf development and metabolism. The purpose of this narrative review is to synthesize research regarding the effects of colostrum management practices on TPI, as well as to address the potential role of additional colostral bioactive molecules, including oligosaccharides, fatty acids, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I, in promoting calf development and metabolism. Due to the importance of IgG in ensuring calf immunity and health, we review past research describing the process of colostrogenesis and dam factors influencing the concentrations of IgG in an effort to maximize TPI. We also address the transfer of additional bioactive compounds in colostrum and prepartum management and dam factors that influence their concentrations. Finally, we highlight key areas of future research for the scientific community to pursue to ultimately improve the health and welfare of neonatal dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Fischer-Tlustos
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
| | - A. Lopez
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
| | - K.S. Hare
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
| | - K.M. Wood
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
| | - M.A. Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
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Alternatives to Antibiotics: A Symposium on the Challenges and Solutions for Animal Health and Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050471. [PMID: 33918995 PMCID: PMC8142984 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics have improved the length and quality of life of people worldwide and have had an immeasurable influence on agricultural animal health and the efficiency of animal production over the last 60 years. The increased affordability of animal protein for a greater proportion of the global population, in which antibiotic use has played a crucial part, has resulted in a substantial improvement in human quality of life. However, these benefits have come with major unintended consequences, including antibiotic resistance. Despite the inherent benefits of restricting antibiotic use in animal production, antibiotics remain essential to ensuring animal health, necessitating the development of novel approaches to replace the prophylactic and growth-promoting benefits of antibiotics. The third International Symposium on “Alternatives to Antibiotics: Challenges and Solutions in Animal Health and Production” in Bangkok, Thailand was organized by the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University and Department of Livestock Development-Thailand Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperative; supported by OIE World Organization for Animal Health; and attended by more than 500 scientists from academia, industry, and government from 32 nations across 6 continents. The focus of the symposium was on ensuring human and animal health, food safety, and improving food animal production efficiency as well as quality. Attendees explored six subject areas in detail through scientific presentations and panel discussions with experts, and the major conclusions were as follows: (1) defining the mechanisms of action of antibiotic alternatives is paramount to enable their effective use, whether they are used for prevention, treatment, or to enhance health and production; (2) there is a need to integrate nutrition, health, and disease research, and host genetics needs to be considered in this regard; (3) a combination of alternatives to antibiotics may need to be considered to achieve optimum health and disease management in different animal production systems; (4) hypothesis-driven field trials with proper controls are needed to validate the safety, efficacy, and return of investment (ROI) of antibiotic alternatives.
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Guzman CE, Wood JL, Egidi E, White-Monsant AC, Semenec L, Grommen SVH, Hill-Yardin EL, De Groef B, Franks AE. A pioneer calf foetus microbiome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17712. [PMID: 33077862 PMCID: PMC7572361 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Foetus sterility until parturition is under debate due to reports of microorganisms in the foetal environment and meconium. Sufficient controls to overcome sample contamination and provide direct evidence of microorganism viability in the pre-rectal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have been lacking. We conducted molecular and culture-based analyses to investigate the presence of a microbiome in the foetal GIT of calves at 5, 6 and 7 months gestation, while controlling for contamination. The 5 components of the GIT (ruminal fluid, ruminal tissue, caecal fluid, caecal tissue and meconium) and amniotic fluid were found to contain a pioneer microbiome of distinct bacterial and archaeal communities. Bacterial and archaeal richness varied between GIT components. The dominant bacterial phyla in amniotic fluid differed to those in ruminal and caecal fluids and meconium. The lowest bacterial and archaeal abundances were associated with ruminal tissues. Viable bacteria unique to the ruminal fluids, which were not found in the controls from 5, 6 and 7 months gestation, were cultured, subcultured, sequenced and identified. We report that the foetal GIT is not sterile but is spatially colonised before birth by a pioneer microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar E Guzman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Eleonora Egidi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Alison C White-Monsant
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for Agribiosciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lucie Semenec
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Sylvia V H Grommen
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Elisa L Hill-Yardin
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Clements Drive, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Bert De Groef
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia. .,Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
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O'Hara E, Neves ALA, Song Y, Guan LL. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cattle Production and Health: Driver or Passenger? Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2020; 8:199-220. [PMID: 32069435 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ruminant production systems face significant challenges currently, driven by heightened awareness of their negative environmental impact and the rapidly rising global population. Recent findings have underscored how the composition and function of the rumen microbiome are associated with economically valuable traits, including feed efficiency and methane emission. Although omics-based technological advances in the last decade have revolutionized our understanding of host-associated microbial communities, there remains incongruence over the correct approach for analysis of large omic data sets. A global approach that examines host/microbiome interactions in both the rumen and the lower digestive tract is required to harness the full potential of the gastrointestinal microbiome for sustainable ruminant production. This review highlights how the ruminant animal production community may identify and exploit the causal relationships between the gut microbiome and host traits of interest for a practical application of omic data to animal health and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eóin O'Hara
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada; , ,
| | - André L A Neves
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada; , ,
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada; , , .,College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, China 028000;
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada; , ,
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Singh J, Dhanoa JK, Choudhary RK, Singh A, Sethi RS, Kaur S, Mukhopadhyay CS. MicroRNA expression profiling in PBMCs of Indian water Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis) infected with Brucella and Johne's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:8. [PMID: 33209990 PMCID: PMC7242893 DOI: 10.1186/s41544-020-00049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs play key roles in host-pathogen-interactions and disease pathogenesis. Our aim was to characterize the differentially expressed miRNAs in the blood cells of diseased (Brucellosis-positive, Johne’s disease-positive) and healthy- water buffaloes. The pooled small-RNA samples of each group were sequenced on Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) sequencer and the data were analyzed for differential expression. Results Here we identified 274 known miRNAs with bovine homologs and 36 novel mature-star miRNAs from the sequnces of small RNA libraries. Overall 195 miRNAs were common to all the three groups. Certain miRNAs such as bta-miR-21-5p, −26a, −29a/b, −30d − 103, − 140, − 150, − 191, − 374, − 1434-5p,-1260b, − 2484 and let-7 members were abundantly expressed in diseased groups. Bta-miR-1434-5p, − 188, −200c were up-regulated (> 1.5 folds) while bta-miR-27a-5p, −34b and -2285x were down-regulated (> 100 folds) in Brucellosis group. In Johne’s Disease group, only 3 miRNAs (bta-miR-1434-5p, − 2340 and − 2484) were up-regulated (> 1.5 folds). The functional classification of miRNA target genes into gene ontology (GO) terms indicated their involvement in innate immunity and cellular process of disease pathogenesis. Expression profile of four differentially expressed miRNAs (bta-miR-9-5p, − 677, − 331-3p and − 2440) and eight predicted target-genes were validated through reverse transcriptase qPCR. Conclusion This study provides a valuable frame of reference for elucidation of regulatory roles of miRNAs associated with disease pathogenesis in water buffaloes as well as identification of miRNA biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep Singh
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India.,Present address: University Institute of Biotechnology (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413 India
| | - Jasdeep Kaur Dhanoa
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Ratan K Choudhary
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Amarjit Singh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Ram Saran Sethi
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Simarjeet Kaur
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mukhopadhyay
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
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Genetic and Epigenetic Regulation of Immune Response and Resistance to Infectious Diseases in Domestic Ruminants. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 35:405-429. [PMID: 31590895 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are the outcome of complex interactions between the host, pathogen, and environment. After exposure to a pathogen, the host immune system uses various mechanisms to remove the pathogen. However, environmental factors and characteristics of pathogens can compromise the host immune responses and subsequently alter the outcome of infection. In this article, genetic and epigenetic factors that shape the individual variation in mounting protective responses are reviewed. Different approaches that have been used by researchers to investigate the genetic regulation of immunity in ruminants and various sources of genetic information are discussed.
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11
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Ylioja CM, Rolf MM, Mamedova LK, Bradford BJ. Associations between body condition score at parturition and microRNA profile in colostrum of dairy cows as evaluated by paired mapping programs. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11609-11621. [PMID: 31548065 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are abundant in milk, and likely have regulatory activity involving lactation and immunity. The objective of this study was to determine the miRNA profile in colostrum of overconditioned cows compared with cows of more moderate body condition score (BCS) at calving. Multiparous cows with either high (≥4.0 on a scale of 1 to 5; n = 7) or moderate BCS (2.75 to 3.50; n = 9) in the week before parturition were selected from a commercial dairy herd. Blood and colostrum were sampled within 24 h after calving. Blood serum was analyzed for free fatty acid (FFA) concentration. MicroRNA was isolated from colostrum samples after removing milk fat and cells. MicroRNA were sequenced, and reads were mapped to the bovine genome and to the existing database of miRNA at miRBase.org. Two programs, Oasis 2.0 and miRDeep2, were employed in parallel for read alignment, and analysis of miRNA count data was performed using DESeq2. Identification of differentially expressed miRNA from DESeq2 was not affected by the differences in miRNA detected by the 2 mapping programs. Most abundant miRNA included miR-30a, miR-148a, miR-181a, let-7f, miR-26a, miR-21, miR-22, and miR-92a. Large-scale shifts in miRNA profile were not observed; however, colostrum of cows with high BCS contained less miR-486, which has been linked with altered glucose metabolism. Colostrum from cows with elevated serum FFA contained less miR-885, which may be connected to hepatic function during the transition period. Potential functions of abundant miRNA suggest involvement in development and maintenance of cellular function in the mammary gland, with the additional possibility of influencing neonatal tissue and immune system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ylioja
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - M M Rolf
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - L K Mamedova
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
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12
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Wang JJ, Li SH, Li AL, Zhang QM, Ni WW, Li MN, Meng XC, Li C, Jiang SL, Pan JC, Li YY. Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS 1.0738 on miRNA expression in in vitro and in vivo models of β-lactoglobulin allergy. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1955-1963. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1495551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the correlation between the ability of L. acidophilus to modulate miRNA expression and prevent Th17-dominated β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) allergy. In vitro immunomodulation was evaluated by measuring splenocyte proliferation, Th17-related immune response and miRNA expression in β-Lg-sensitized splenocytes cultured with live L. acidophilus. Next, the allergic mouse model was used to evaluate anti-allergy capability of lactobacilli. The β-Lg challenge led to induction of up-regulation of miR-146a, miR-155, miR-21 and miR-9 expression in both in vivo and in vitro, along with increased Th17-related cytokine levels and mRNA expression of RORγt and IL-17. However, treatment of live L. acidophilus significantly suppressed hypersensitivity responses and Th17 cell differentiation. Moreover, administration of live L. acidophilus reduced expression of four miRNAs, especially miR-146a and miR-155. In addition, the decreased expression of the miRNAs in the spleen of the L. acidophilus-treated group was closely associated with decrease of IL-17 and RORγt mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-juan Wang
- Key laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, and Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Si-han Li
- Key laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, and Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Ai-li Li
- Key laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, and Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi-min Zhang
- Key laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, and Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Wei-wei Ni
- Key laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, and Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Mei-na Li
- Key laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, and Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang-chen Meng
- Key laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, and Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Chun Li
- Key laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, and Food Science College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | | | - Jian-cun Pan
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Li
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Harbin, China
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13
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Do DN, Dudemaine PL, Fomenky BE, Ibeagha-Awemu EM. Integration of miRNA and mRNA Co-Expression Reveals Potential Regulatory Roles of miRNAs in Developmental and Immunological Processes in Calf Ileum during Early Growth. Cells 2018; 7:E134. [PMID: 30208606 PMCID: PMC6162677 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the potential regulatory roles of miRNAs in calf ileum developmental transition from the pre- to the post-weaning period. For this purpose, ileum tissues were collected from eight calves at the pre-weaning period and another eight calves at the post-weaning period and miRNA expression characterized by miRNA sequencing, followed by functional analyses. A total of 388 miRNAs, including 81 novel miRNAs, were identified. A total of 220 miRNAs were differentially expressed (DE) between the two periods. The potential functions of DE miRNAs in ileum development were supported by significant enrichment of their target genes in gene ontology terms related to metabolic processes and transcription factor activities or pathways related to metabolism (peroxisomes), vitamin digestion and absorption, lipid and protein metabolism, as well as intracellular signaling. Integration of DE miRNAs and DE mRNAs revealed several DE miRNA-mRNA pairs with crucial roles in ileum development (bta-miR-374a-FBXO18, bta-miR-374a-GTPBP3, bta-miR-374a-GNB2) and immune function (bta-miR-15b-IKBKB). This is the first integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis exploring the potential roles of miRNAs in calf ileum growth and development during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy N Do
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Bridget E Fomenky
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
- Département de Sciences Animale, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C L Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, PO Box 2175, SAR Room 125, North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
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15
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O’Sullivan F, Keenan J, Aherne S, O’Neill F, Clarke C, Henry M, Meleady P, Breen L, Barron N, Clynes M, Horgan K, Doolan P, Murphy R. Parallel mRNA, proteomics and miRNA expression analysis in cell line models of the intestine. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7369-7386. [PMID: 29151691 PMCID: PMC5685843 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i41.7369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify miRNA-regulated proteins differentially expressed between Caco2 and HT-29: two principal cell line models of the intestine. METHODS Exponentially growing Caco-2 and HT-29 cells were harvested and prepared for mRNA, miRNA and proteomic profiling. mRNA microarray profiling analysis was carried out using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST array. miRNA microarray profiling analysis was carried out using the Affymetrix Genechip miRNA 3.0 array. Quantitative Label-free LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis was performed using a Dionex Ultimate 3000 RSLCnano system coupled to a hybrid linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Peptide identities were validated in Proteome Discoverer 2.1 and were subsequently imported into Progenesis QI software for further analysis. Hierarchical cluster analysis for all three parallel datasets (miRNA, proteomics, mRNA) was conducted in the R software environment using the Euclidean distance measure and Ward's clustering algorithm. The prediction of miRNA and oppositely correlated protein/mRNA interactions was performed using TargetScan 6.1. GO biological process, molecular function and cellular component enrichment analysis was carried out for the DE miRNA, protein and mRNA lists via the Pathway Studio 11.3 Web interface using their Mammalian database. RESULTS Differential expression (DE) profiling comparing the intestinal cell lines HT-29 and Caco-2 identified 1795 Genes, 168 Proteins and 160 miRNAs as DE between the two cell lines. At the gene level, 1084 genes were upregulated and 711 were downregulated in the Caco-2 cell line relative to the HT-29 cell line. At the protein level, 57 proteins were found to be upregulated and 111 downregulated in the Caco-2 cell line relative to the HT-29 cell line. Finally, at the miRNAs level, 104 were upregulated and 56 downregulated in the Caco-2 cell line relative to the HT-29 cell line. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the DE mRNA identified cell adhesion, migration and ECM organization, cellular lipid and cholesterol metabolic processes, small molecule transport and a range of responses to external stimuli, while similar analysis of the DE protein list identified gene expression/transcription, epigenetic mechanisms, DNA replication, differentiation and translation ontology categories. The DE protein and gene lists were found to share 15 biological processes including for example epithelial cell differentiation [P value ≤ 1.81613E-08 (protein list); P ≤ 0.000434311 (gene list)] and actin filament bundle assembly [P value ≤ 0.001582797 (protein list); P ≤ 0.002733714 (gene list)]. Analysis was conducted on the three data streams acquired in parallel to identify targets undergoing potential miRNA translational repression identified 34 proteins, whose respective mRNAs were detected but no change in expression was observed. Of these 34 proteins, 27 proteins downregulated in the Caco-2 cell line relative to the HT-29 cell line and predicted to be targeted by 19 unique anti-correlated/upregulated microRNAs and 7 proteins upregulated in the Caco-2 cell line relative to the HT-29 cell line and predicted to be targeted by 15 unique anti-correlated/downregulated microRNAs. CONCLUSION This first study providing "tri-omics" analysis of the principal intestinal cell line models Caco-2 and HT-29 has identified 34 proteins potentially undergoing miRNA translational repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finbarr O’Sullivan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Joanne Keenan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Sinead Aherne
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Fiona O’Neill
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Colin Clarke
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training, Blackrock, Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Laura Breen
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Niall Barron
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | - Martin Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
| | | | - Padraig Doolan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland
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16
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Guan Y, Martin GB. Cellular and molecular responses of adult testis to changes in nutrition: novel insights from the sheep model. Reproduction 2017; 154:R133-R141. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review explores the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate spermatogenesis in the post-pubertal testis that is regressing in response to mild undernutrition, using the sexually mature male sheep as a model. Testis regression leads to reductions in daily sperm production and in the quality of ejaculated spermatozoa (poorer movement, DNA damage). There is also a reduction in spermatogenic efficiency that appears to be caused, at least partially, by increases in germ cell apoptosis. Sertoli cell number does not change with testis regression, although about 1% of Sertoli cells do appear to retain proliferative ability after puberty. On the other hand, Sertoli cell function is disrupted during testis regression, as evidenced by a disorganization of tight junctions and indications that cell differentiation and maturation are reversed. Disrupted Sertoli cell function can explain, at least partially, the increase in germ cell apoptosis and any decrease in the rate of spermatogenesis, the two major contributors to spermatogenic efficiency. These outcomes seem to be mediated by changes in two RNA-based processes: (i) the expression of small non-coding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of Sertoli cell function, spermatogenesis and germ cell apoptosis and (ii) alternative pre-mRNA splicing that affects the regulation of spermatogenesis but does not appear to affect germ cell apoptosis, at least during testis progression induced by undernutrition in the male sheep. These research outcomes can be extended to other animal models and are relevant to issues in human male fertility.
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Costa JFDR, Novo SMF, Baccili CC, Sobreira NM, Hurley DJ, Gomes V. Innate immune response in neonate Holstein heifer calves fed fresh or frozen colostrum. Res Vet Sci 2017; 115:54-60. [PMID: 28135671 PMCID: PMC7125648 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of maternal cells from colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune response in Holstein calves. Calves were divided into 2 groups: COL + (n = 10) received fresh colostrum; and COL − (n = 10) which received frozen colostrum containing no viable cells. The calves were assessed before colostrum intake (D0), 48 h of age (D2), and weekly from D7 up to D28. Blood samples were collected for analysis of the distribution of leukocytes, cellular phenotype and in vitro granulocyte function. COL + calves tended to have a high number of neutrophils on D7 (p = 0.073). COL − calves took up significantly more Escherichia coli (measured as MFI) on D7 (p = 0.034). Endogenous production of radicals (as percentage of cells) tended to be higher in COL − calves on D14 (p = 0.061). The intensity of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by granulocytes tended to be higher in COL + calves on D21 (p = 0.094). Overall, ROS production (percent of cells, and MFI) induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were higher in COL + calves than COL − calves. It was our observation that COL + calves developed an innate immune response more quickly and efficiently after natural exposure to pathogens after birth. In contrast, COL − calves mounted an innate response more slowly that yielded a persistent inflammatory response after natural exposure to these bacteria agents. This research provides evidence of an advantage to the calf of receiving fresh colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune system. Calves fed whole fresh colostrum (COL +) developed a fast and efficient innate immune response. Calves fed frozen colostrum (COL −) colostrum had a slow and persistent inflammatory response after natural challenge. COL + calves demonstrates advantages in relation to innate immune response against pathogens causing diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana França Dos Reis Costa
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sylvia Marquart Fontes Novo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Camila Costa Baccili
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Natália Meirelles Sobreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - David John Hurley
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Viviani Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Guan Y, Liang G, Martin GB, Guan LL. Functional changes in mRNA expression and alternative pre-mRNA splicing associated with the effects of nutrition on apoptosis and spermatogenesis in the adult testis. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:64. [PMID: 28068922 PMCID: PMC5223305 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of nutrition on testis mass in the sexually mature male have long been known, however, the cellular and molecular processes of the testis response to nutrition was not fully understood. Methods We tested whether the defects in spermatogenesis and increases in germ cell apoptosis in the testis that are induced by under-nutrition are associated with changes in mRNA expression and pre-mRNA alternative splicing using groups of 8 male sheep fed for a 10% increase or 10% decrease in body mass over 65 days. Results We identified 2,243 mRNAs, including TP53 and Claudin 11, that were differentially expressed in testis from underfed and well-fed sheep (FDR < 0.1), and found that their expression changed in parallel with variations in germ cell numbers, testis size, and spermatogenesis. Furthermore, pairs of 269 mRNAs and 48 miRNAs were identified on the basis of target prediction. The regulatory effect of miRNAs on mRNA expression, in combination with functional analysis, suggests that these miRNAs are involved in abnormal reproductive morphology, apoptosis and male infertility. Nutrition did not affect the total number of alternative splicing events, but affected 206 alternative splicing events. A total of 159 genes, including CREM, SPATA6, and DDX4, were differentially spliced between dietary treatments, with functions related to RNA splicing and spermatogenesis. In addition, three gene modules were positively correlated with spermatogenesis-related phenotypic traits and negatively related to apoptosis-related phenotypic traits. Among these gene modules, seven (CFLAR, PTPRC, F2R, MAP3K1, EPHA7, APP, BCAP31) were also differentially expressed between nutritional treatments, indicating their potential as markers of spermatogenesis or apoptosis. Conclusions Our findings on significant changes in mRNAs and pre-mRNA alternative splicing under-nutrition suggest that they may partly explain the disruption of spermatogenesis and the increase germ cell apoptosis. However, more research is required to verify their causal effects in regulating spermatogenesis and germ cell apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3385-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjuan Guan
- UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,, Present address: 304 Rosenthal, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Guanxiang Liang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Graeme B Martin
- UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada.
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Singh J, Mukhopadhyay CS, Kaur S, Malhotra P, Sethi RS, Choudhary RK. Identification of the MicroRNA Repertoire in TLR-Ligand Challenged Bubaline PBMCs as a Model of Bacterial and Viral Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156598. [PMID: 27257788 PMCID: PMC4892552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we used high-throughput sequencing, miRNA-seq, to discover and explore the expression profiles of known and novel miRNAs in TLR ligand-stimulated vis-à-vis non-stimulated (i.e. Control) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from blood of healthy Murrah buffaloes. Six small RNA (sRNA) libraries were multiplexed in Ion Torrent PI chip and sequenced on Ion Proton System. The reads obtained were aligned to the Bos taurus genome (UMD3.1 assembly), which is phylogenetically closest species to buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). A total of 160 bovine miRNAs were biocomputationally identified in buffalo PBMCs and 130 putatively novel miRNAs (not enlisted in the bovine mirBase) were identified. All of these 290 miRNAs identified across the six treatment and control samples represent the repertoire of novel miRNAs for the buffalo species. The expression profiles of these miRNAs across the samples have been represented by sample dendrogram and heatmap plots. The uniquely expressed miRNAs in each treatment and control groups were identified. A few miRNAs were expressed at very high levels while the majority of them were moderately expressed. The miRNAs bta-miR-103 and -191 were found to be highly abundant and expressed in all the samples. Other abundantly expressed miRNAs include bta-miR-19b, -29b, -15a, -19a, -30d, -30b-5p and members of let family (let 7a-5p, let 7g & let 7f) in LPS and CpG treated PBMCS and bta-miR-191, -103 & -19b in Poly I:C stimulated PBMCs. Only one novel miRNA (bta-miR-11039) out of 130 identified putatively novel miRNAs, was expressed in all the six samples and differentially expressed (>2- fold) miRNAs were identified. Six of the differentially expressed miRNAs across the groups (bta-miR-421, bta-let-7i, bta-miR-138, bta-miR-21-5p, bta-miR-222 and bta-miR-27b) were subsequently confirmed by TaqMan quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, the target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were enriched for the roles in innate immunity and TLR signaling pathways. This maiden study on profiling and cataloguing of bubaline miRNAs expressed in TLR-ligand stimulated PBMCs will provide an important reference point for future studies on regulatory roles of miRNAs in immune system of buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasdeep Singh
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - C. S. Mukhopadhyay
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Simarjeet Kaur
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Malhotra
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - R. S. Sethi
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - R. K. Choudhary
- School of Animal Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Bradford BJ, Yuan K, Ylioja C. Managing complexity: Dealing with systemic crosstalk in bovine physiology. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4983-4996. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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