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Pathak MP, Patowary P, Chattopadhyay P, Barbhuiyan PA, Islam J, Gogoi J, Wankhar W. Obesity-associated Airway Hyperresponsiveness: Mechanisms Underlying Inflammatory Markers and Possible Pharmacological Interventions. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1053-1068. [PMID: 37957906 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303256440231028072049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly becoming a global health problem affecting about 13% of the world's population affecting women and children the most. Recent studies have stated that obese asthmatic subjects suffer from an increased risk of asthma, encounter severe symptoms, respond poorly to anti-asthmatic drugs, and ultimately their quality-of-life decreases. Although, the association between airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and obesity is a growing concern among the public due to lifestyle and environmental etiologies, however, the precise mechanism underlying this association is yet to establish. Apart from aiming at the conventional antiasthmatic targets, treatment should be directed towards ameliorating obesity pathogenesis too. Understanding the pathogenesis underlying the association between obesity and AHR is limited, however, a plethora of obesity pathologies have been reported viz., increased pro-inflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines, depletion of ROS controller Nrf2/HO-1 axis, NLRP3 associated macrophage polarization, hypertrophy of WAT, and down-regulation of UCP1 in BAT following down-regulated AMPKα and melanocortin pathway that may be correlated with AHR. Increased waist circumference (WC) or central obesity was thought to be related to severe AHR, however, some recent reports suggest body mass index (BMI), not WC tends to exaggerate airway closure in AHR due to some unknown mechanisms. This review aims to co-relate the above-mentioned mechanisms that may explain the copious relation underlying obesity and AHR with the help of published reports. A proper understanding of these mechanisms discussed in this review will ensure an appropriate treatment plan for patients through advanced pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pompy Patowary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
| | | | | | - Johirul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Assam Kaziranga University, Jorhat, India
| | - Jyotchna Gogoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
| | - Wankupar Wankhar
- Department of Dialysis, Faculty of Paramedical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
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Arroyo R, Kingma PS. Surfactant protein D and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a new way to approach an old problem. Respir Res 2021; 22:141. [PMID: 33964929 PMCID: PMC8105703 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a collectin protein synthesized by alveolar type II cells in the lungs. SP-D participates in the innate immune defense of the lungs by helping to clear infectious pathogens and modulating the immune response. SP-D has shown an anti-inflammatory role by down-regulating the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in different signaling pathways such as the TLR4, decreasing the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lung, and modulating the oxidative metabolism in the lungs. Recombinant human SP-D (rhSP-D) has been successfully produced mimicking the structure and functions of native SP-D. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments using different animal models have shown that treatment with rhSP-D reduces the lung inflammation originated by different insults, and that rhSP-D could be a potential treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a rare disease for which there is no effective therapy up to date. BPD is a complex disease in preterm infants whose incidence increases with decreasing gestational age at birth. Lung inflammation, which is caused by different prenatal and postnatal factors like infections, lung hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation, among others, is the key player in BPD. Exacerbated inflammation causes lung tissue injury that results in a deficient gas exchange in the lungs of preterm infants and frequently leads to long-term chronic lung dysfunction during childhood and adulthood. In addition, low SP-D levels and activity in the first days of life in preterm infants have been correlated with a worse pulmonary outcome in BPD. Thus, SP-D mediated functions in the innate immune response could be critical aspects of the pathogenesis in BPD and SP-D could inhibit lung tissue injury in this preterm population. Therefore, administration of rhSP-D has been proposed as promising therapy that could prevent BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Arroyo
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. ML7029, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Paul S Kingma
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave. ML7029, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA. .,Airway Therapeutics Inc, Cincinnati, OH, 45249, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Watson A, Madsen J, Clark HW. SP-A and SP-D: Dual Functioning Immune Molecules With Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Properties. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622598. [PMID: 33542724 PMCID: PMC7851053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and D (SP-D) are soluble innate immune molecules which maintain lung homeostasis through their dual roles as anti-infectious and immunomodulatory agents. SP-A and SP-D bind numerous viruses including influenza A virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), enhancing their clearance from mucosal points of entry and modulating the inflammatory response. They also have diverse roles in mediating innate and adaptive cell functions and in clearing apoptotic cells, allergens and other noxious particles. Here, we review how the properties of these first line defense molecules modulate inflammatory responses, as well as host-mediated immunopathology in response to viral infections. Since SP-A and SP-D are known to offer protection from viral and other infections, if their levels are decreased in some disease states as they are in severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this may confer an increased risk of viral infection and exacerbations of disease. Recombinant molecules of SP-A and SP-D could be useful in both blocking respiratory viral infection while also modulating the immune system to prevent excessive inflammatory responses seen in, for example, RSV or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recombinant SP-A and SP-D could have therapeutic potential in neutralizing both current and future strains of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus as well as modulating the inflammation-mediated pathology associated with COVID-19. A recombinant fragment of human (rfh)SP-D has recently been shown to neutralize SARS-CoV-2. Further work investigating the potential therapeutic role of SP-A and SP-D in COVID-19 and other infectious and inflammatory diseases is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Madsen
- Neonatology, EGA Institute for Women’s Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Howard William Clark
- Neonatology, EGA Institute for Women’s Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospital (UCLH), University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Liu L, Wei Z, Fang R, Li X, Li W. Giardia duodenalis induces extrinsic pathway of apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells through activation of TNFR1 and K63 de-ubiquitination of RIP1 in vitro. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104315. [PMID: 32525021 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is one of main causative agents of diarrhea that affects the health of millions of people on a global scale per year. It has been clear that attachment of G. duodenalis trophozoites to intestinal epithelium cells (IECs) can induce cell death, while the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain to be explored. It was shown in this study that treatment of Caco-2 cells with Giardia trophozoites could result in reduced cell viability. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that expressions of many apoptosis-related genes and some deubiquitinase genes displayed marked changes in trophozoite-treated cells. Trophozoites activated the death-signaling receptor TNFR1 on the IEC surface and caspase-3/8 (CASP3/8) signaling pathways in Caco-2 cells. K63 ubiquitination level of RIP1 was reduced upon stimulation with trophozoites, in parallel, the expressions of deubiquitinases CYLD and A20 were increased. The caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPH could rescue trophozoite-induced cell apoptosis. Likewise, TNFR1, CYLD, and A20 silencing decreased the levels of cleaved CASP3/8 in trophozoite-treated cells and reversed the pro-apoptosis induction effect of trophozoites. These data suggest that Giardia trophozoite stimulation can activate CASP3/8 signaling pathways via activation of TNFR1 and K63 de-ubiquitination of RIP1 caused by up-regulated expressions of CYLD and A20, and promote Caco-2 cell apoptosis. The present study deepens our understanding of the mechanism of interaction between Giardia and IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ziyan Wei
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Lipid-Protein and Protein-Protein Interactions in the Pulmonary Surfactant System and Their Role in Lung Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103708. [PMID: 32466119 PMCID: PMC7279303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant is a lipid/protein complex synthesized by the alveolar epithelium and secreted into the airspaces, where it coats and protects the large respiratory air–liquid interface. Surfactant, assembled as a complex network of membranous structures, integrates elements in charge of reducing surface tension to a minimum along the breathing cycle, thus maintaining a large surface open to gas exchange and also protecting the lung and the body from the entrance of a myriad of potentially pathogenic entities. Different molecules in the surfactant establish a multivalent crosstalk with the epithelium, the immune system and the lung microbiota, constituting a crucial platform to sustain homeostasis, under health and disease. This review summarizes some of the most important molecules and interactions within lung surfactant and how multiple lipid–protein and protein–protein interactions contribute to the proper maintenance of an operative respiratory surface.
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Arroyo R, Khan MA, Echaide M, Pérez-Gil J, Palaniyar N. SP-D attenuates LPS-induced formation of human neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), protecting pulmonary surfactant inactivation by NETs. Commun Biol 2019; 2:470. [PMID: 31872075 PMCID: PMC6915734 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An exacerbated amount of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can cause dysfunction of systems during inflammation. However, host proteins and factors that suppress NET formation (NETosis) are not clearly identified. Here we show that an innate immune collectin, pulmonary surfactant protein-D (SP-D), attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated NETosis in human neutrophils by binding to LPS. SP-D deficiency in mice (Sftpd-/-) leads to excess NET formation in the lungs during LPS-mediated inflammation. In the absence of SP-D, NETs inhibit the surface-active properties of lung surfactant, essential to prevent the collapse of alveoli, the air breathing structures of the lungs. SP-D reverses NET-mediated inhibition of surfactant and restores the biophysical properties of surfactant. To the best of our knowledge, this study establishes for the first time that (i) SP-D suppresses LPS-mediated NETosis, (ii) NETs inhibit pulmonary surfactant function in the absence of SP-D, and (iii) SP-D can restore NET-mediated inhibition of the surfactant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Arroyo
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", 28041 Madrid, Spain
- 3Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Meraj Alam Khan
- 3Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- 4Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Mercedes Echaide
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute "Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- 3Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- 4Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Thakur G, Prakash G, Murthy V, Sable N, Menon S, Alrokayan SH, Khan HA, Murugaiah V, Bakshi G, Kishore U, Madan T. Human SP-D Acts as an Innate Immune Surveillance Molecule Against Androgen-Responsive and Androgen-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:565. [PMID: 31355132 PMCID: PMC6637921 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactant Protein D (SP-D), a pattern recognition innate immune molecule, has been implicated in the immune surveillance against cancer. A recent report showed an association of decreased SP-D expression in human prostate adenocarcinoma with an increased Gleason score and severity. In the present study, the SP-D expression was evaluated in primary prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) and prostate cancer cell lines. LNCaP, an androgen dependent prostate cancer cell line, exhibited significantly lower mRNA and protein levels of SP-D than PrEC and the androgen independent cell lines (PC3 and DU145). A recombinant fragment of human SP-D, rfhSP-D, showed a dose and time dependent binding to prostate cancer cells via its carbohydrate recognition domain. This study, for the first time, provides evidence of significant and specific cell death of tumor cells in rfhSP-D treated explants as well as primary tumor cells isolated from tissue biopsies of metatstatic prostate cancer patients. Viability of PrEC was not altered by rfhSP-D. Treated LNCaP (p53+/+) and PC3 (p53 -/-) cells exhibited reduced cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner and were arrested in G2/M and G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle, respectively. rfhSP-D treated LNCaP cells showed a significant upregulation of p53 whereas a significant downregulation of pAkt was observed in both PC3 and LNCaP cell lines. The rfhSP-D-induced apoptosis signaling cascade involved upregulation of Bax:Bcl2 ratio, cytochrome c and cleaved products of caspase 7. The study concludes that rfhSP-D induces apoptosis in prostate tumor explants as well as in androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cells via p53 and pAkt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Thakur
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Gagan Prakash
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vedang Murthy
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Sable
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh Menon
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Salman H. Alrokayan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Valarmathy Murugaiah
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ganesh Bakshi
- Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
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Chen Y, Chen H, Xie H, Yuan S, Gao C, Yu L, Bi Z. Non‑covalent proteasome inhibitor PI‑1840 induces apoptosis and autophagy in osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2803-2817. [PMID: 30864717 PMCID: PMC6448088 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the predominant form of primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents. Although the combination of chemotherapy and modified surgical therapy leads to marked improvements in the survival rate, the therapeutic outcomes remain unsatisfactory. Therefore, the identification of novel drugs with higher efficacy and fewer side‑effects is urgently required. Proteasome inhibitors have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of certain cancers, although none of them are directed against OS. Non‑covalent proteasome inhibitors, such as PI‑1840, are superior to covalent ones in numerous respects in view of their chemical structure; however, to date, no studies have been published on the effects of non‑covalent proteasome inhibitors on OS cells. In the present study, the antineoplastic effects of PI‑1840 were systematically evaluated in the OS cell lines, MG‑63 and U2‑OS. Cell viability and morphological changes were assessed by Cell Counting Kit‑8 (CCK‑8) and live/dead assays. The cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry (FCM) and western blot analysis (assessing the levels of the proteins p21, p27, and the tyrosine kinase, WEE1). The extent of cell apoptosis and autophagy were assessed by FCM, western blot analysis [of the apoptosis‑associated proteins, microtubule‑associated protein 1 light chain 3 α (LC3) and Beclin1], and mRFP‑GFP‑LC3 adenovirus transfection assay. Transwell and wound healing assays, and western blot analysis of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)2 and 9 were performed to preliminarily evaluate the migration and invasion capability of the cells. In the present study, our results revealed that PI‑1840 inhibited the proliferation of OS cells and induced apoptosis, partly due to attenuation of the nuclear factor‑κB (NF‑κB) pathway. In addition, PI‑1840‑induced autophagy was detected, and inhibiting the autophagy of the OS cells led to an increase in the survival rate of the U2‑OS cells rather than of the MG‑63 cells. Furthermore, PI‑1840 attenuated the migration and invasion capabilities of the OS cells. In conclusion, the present study revealed PI‑1840 to be a promising drug for the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Teaching Experiment Center of Biotechnology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Shaohui Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Chuanbo Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Fifth Hospital of Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenggang Bi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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Pilecki B, Wulf-Johansson H, Støttrup C, Jørgensen PT, Djiadeu P, Nexøe AB, Schlosser A, Hansen SWK, Madsen J, Clark HW, Nielsen CH, Vestbo J, Palaniyar N, Holmskov U, Sorensen GL. Surfactant Protein D Deficiency Aggravates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Inflammation by Upregulation of Ceramide Synthesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3013. [PMID: 30619359 PMCID: PMC6305334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an important anti-inflammatory protein that regulates host immune defense in the lungs. Here, we investigated the role of SP-D in a murine model of CS-induced inflammation. Pulmonary SP-D localization and abundance was compared between smoker and non-smoker individuals. For in vivo studies, wildtype, and SP-D-deficient mice were exposed to CS for either 12 weeks or 3 days. Moreover, the effect of therapeutic administration of recombinant fragment of human SP-D on the acute CS-induced changes was evaluated. Pulmonary SP-D appeared with heterogenous expression in human smokers, while mouse lung SP-D was uniformly upregulated after CS exposure. We found that SP-D-deficient mice were more susceptible to CS-induced macrophage-rich airway inflammation. SP-D deficiency influenced local pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, with increased CCL3 and interleukin-6 but decreased CXCL1. Furthermore, CS exposure caused significant upregulation of pro-inflammatory ceramides and related ceramide synthase gene transcripts in SP-D-deficient mice compared to wildtype littermates. Administration of recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rfhSP-D) alleviated CS-induced macrophage infiltration and prevented induction of ceramide synthase gene expression. Finally, rfhSP-D treatment attenuated CS-induced human epithelial cell apoptosis in vitro. Our results indicate that SP-D deficiency aggravates CS-induced lung inflammation partly through regulation of ceramide synthesis and that local SP-D enrichment rescues CS-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Pilecki
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helle Wulf-Johansson
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Støttrup
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Patricia Troest Jørgensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pascal Djiadeu
- Translational Medicine, Lung Innate Immunity Research Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anders Bathum Nexøe
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Schlosser
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Werner Karlskov Hansen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Madsen
- Department of Child Health, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Academic Unit for Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Howard William Clark
- Department of Child Health, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Academic Unit for Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nades Palaniyar
- Translational Medicine, Lung Innate Immunity Research Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Uffe Holmskov
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Du J, Abdel-Razek O, Shi Q, Hu F, Ding G, Cooney RN, Wang G. Surfactant protein D attenuates acute lung and kidney injuries in pneumonia-induced sepsis through modulating apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15393. [PMID: 30337682 PMCID: PMC6193952 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia and sepsis are major risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients with pneumonia and AKI are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) expressed in lung and kidney plays important roles in innate immunity. However, little is known about the role of organ-specific SP-D in the sepsis. The current study uses wild type (WT), SP-D knockout (KO), and humanized SP-D transgenic (hTG, lung-specific SP-D expression) mice to study organ-specific role of SP-D in pneumonia-induced sepsis. Analyses demonstrated differential lung and kidney injury among three-type mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After infection, KO mice showed higher injurious scores in both lung and kidney, and decreased renal function than WT and hTG mice. hTG mice exhibited comparable lung injury but more severe kidney injury compared to WT mice. Increased renal tubular apoptosis, NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokines in the kidney of KO mice were found when compared with WT and hTG mice. Furthermore, in vitro primary proximal tubular epithelial cells from KO mice showed more apoptosis with higher level of activated caspase-3 than those from WT mice after LPS treatment. Collectively, SP-D attenuates AKI in the sepsis by modulating renal apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Osama Abdel-Razek
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Qiao Shi
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Fengqi Hu
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Guohua Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert N Cooney
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.
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Sorensen GL. Surfactant Protein D in Respiratory and Non-Respiratory Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 29473039 PMCID: PMC5809447 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a multimeric collectin that is involved in innate immune defense and expressed in pulmonary, as well as non-pulmonary, epithelia. SP-D exerts antimicrobial effects and dampens inflammation through direct microbial interactions and modulation of host cell responses via a series of cellular receptors. However, low protein concentrations, genetic variation, biochemical modification, and proteolytic breakdown can induce decomposition of multimeric SP-D into low-molecular weight forms, which may induce pro-inflammatory SP-D signaling. Multimeric SP-D can decompose into trimeric SP-D, and this process, and total SP-D levels, are partly determined by variation within the SP-D gene, SFTPD. SP-D has been implicated in the development of respiratory diseases including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, allergic asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Disease-induced breakdown or modifications of SP-D facilitate its systemic leakage from the lung, and circulatory SP-D is a promising biomarker for lung injury. Moreover, studies in preclinical animal models have demonstrated that local pulmonary treatment with recombinant SP-D is beneficial in these diseases. In recent years, SP-D has been shown to exert antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in various non-pulmonary organs and to have effects on lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory effects in vessel walls, which enhance the risk of atherosclerosis. A common SFTPD polymorphism is associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes, and SP-D has been associated with metabolic disorders because of its effects in the endothelium and adipocytes and its obesity-dampening properties. This review summarizes and discusses the reported genetic associations of SP-D with disease and the clinical utility of circulating SP-D for respiratory disease prognosis. Moreover, basic research on the mechanistic links between SP-D and respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases is summarized. Perspectives on the development of SP-D therapy are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grith L Sorensen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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