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Liu H, Ma L, Cao Z. DNA methylation and its potential roles in common oral diseases. Life Sci 2024; 351:122795. [PMID: 38852793 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Oral diseases are among the most common diseases worldwide and are associated with systemic illnesses, and the rising occurrence of oral diseases significantly impacts the quality of life for many individuals. It is crucial to detect and treat these conditions early to prevent them from advancing. DNA methylation is a fundamental epigenetic process that contributes to a variety of diseases including various oral diseases. Taking advantage of its reversibility, DNA methylation becomes a viable therapeutic target by regulating various cellular processes. Understanding the potential role of this DNA alteration in oral diseases can provide significant advances and more opportunities for diagnosis and therapy. This article will review the biology of DNA methylation, and then mainly discuss the key findings on DNA methylation in oral cancer, periodontitis, endodontic disease, oral mucosal disease, and clefts of the lip and/or palate in the background of studies on global DNA methylation and gene-specific DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China; Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Huang L, Chen X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Qiu X. Elucidating epigenetic mechanisms governing odontogenic differentiation in dental pulp stem cells: an in-depth exploration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1394582. [PMID: 38863943 PMCID: PMC11165363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1394582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These epigenetic modifications can regulate gene transcription, splicing, and stability, thereby impacting cell differentiation, development, and disease occurrence. The formation of dentin is intrinsically linked to the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are recognized as the optimal cell source for dentin-pulp regeneration due to their varied odontogenic potential, strong proliferative and angiogenic characteristics, and ready accessibility Numerous studies have demonstrated the critical role of epigenetic regulation in DPSCs differentiation into specific cell types. This review thus provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms by which epigenetic regulation controls the odontogenesis fate of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoling Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Rodas-Junco BA, Hernández-Solís SE, Serralta-Interian AA, Rueda-Gordillo F. Dental Stem Cells and Lipopolysaccharides: A Concise Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4338. [PMID: 38673923 PMCID: PMC11049850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental tissue stem cells (DTSCs) are well known for their multipotent capacity and regenerative potential. They also play an important role in the immune response of inflammatory processes derived from caries lesions, periodontitis, and gingivitis. These oral diseases are triggered by toxins known as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) produced by gram-negative bacteria. LPS present molecular patterns associated with pathogens and are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in dental stem cells. In this review, we describe the effect of LPS on the biological behavior of DTSCs. We also focus on the molecular sensors, signaling pathways, and emerging players participating in the interaction of DTSCs with lipopolysaccharides. Although the scientific advances generated provide an understanding of the immunomodulatory potential of DTSCs, there are still new reflections to explore with regard to their clinical application in the treatment of oral inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A. Rodas-Junco
- CONAHCYT–Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida CP 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Células Troncales de la Cavidad Bucal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A #492-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida CP 97000, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Sandra E. Hernández-Solís
- Departamento de Microbiología Oral y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A #492-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida CP 97000, Yucatán, Mexico; (S.E.H.-S.); (F.R.-G.)
| | - Angelica A. Serralta-Interian
- Laboratorio Traslacional de Células Troncales de la Cavidad Bucal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A #492-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida CP 97000, Yucatán, Mexico;
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida CP 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Florencio Rueda-Gordillo
- Departamento de Microbiología Oral y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A #492-A X Av. Itzaes Costado Sur “Parque de la Paz”, Col. Centro, Mérida CP 97000, Yucatán, Mexico; (S.E.H.-S.); (F.R.-G.)
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4
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Meng T, Liu X, Zhang J, Li S, He W, Li W. MicroRNA-181b attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in pulpitis via the PLAU/AKT/NF-κB axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 127:111451. [PMID: 38154211 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of microRNA (miRNA)-181b in the inflammatory response in pulpitis. METHODS Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunofluorescence techniques were used to determine the miRNA-181b and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU) expression levels in inflamed human dental pulp tissues (HDPTs) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). The targets of miRNA-181b were identified and confirmed using a bioinformatics analysis, RNA sequencing, and dual-luciferase gene reporter assays. The effect of miRNA-181b or PLAU on proinflammatory cytokine expression in hDPCs was examined using qRT-PCR and western blotting. RNA sequencing was conducted to examine the signaling pathways implicated in miRNA-181b-mediated pulpitis. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to determine the miRNA-181b /PLAU/AKT/NF-κB signaling axis in pulpitis. A rat pulpitis model was created to observe the histopathological changes in the dental pulp tissue after the topical application of miRNA-181b agomir. RESULTS A significant decrease in miRNA-181b and an increase in PLAU were observed in HDPTs compared to the healthy controls, and these two factors showed a negative correlation. MiRNA-181b directly targeted PLAU. The miRNA-181b inhibitor resulted in a significant upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, whereas the knockdown of PLAU reversed this proinflammatory effect. Conversely, PLAU overexpression prevented the anti-inflammatory effects of the miRNA-181b mimics. Mechanistically, miRNA-181b inhibited the AKT/NF-κB pathway by targeting PLAU. In vivo application of the miRNA-181b agomir to inflamed pulp tissue alleviated inflammation. CONCLUSION MiRNA-181b targets PLAU, negatively regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Meng
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, 69# Mei Shan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Xinpai Liu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, 69# Mei Shan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, 69# Mei Shan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Song Li
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, 69# Mei Shan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Wei He
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, 69# Mei Shan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, 81#Mei Shan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Wuli Li
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, 69# Mei Shan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Ballikaya E, Çelebi-Saltik B. Approaches to vital pulp therapies. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:735-749. [PMID: 37515353 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Tooth decay, which leads to pulpal inflammation due to the pulp's response to bacterial components and byproducts is the most common infectious disease. The main goals of clinical management are to eliminate sources of infection, to facilitate healing by regulating inflammation indental tissue, and to replace lost tissues. A variety of novel approaches from tissue engineering based on stem cells, bioactive molecules, and extracellular matrix-like scaffold structures to therapeutic applications, or a combination of all these are present in the literature. Shortcomings of existing conventional materials for pulp capping and the novel approches aiming to preserve pulp vitality highligted the need for developing new targeted dental materials. This review looks at the novel approches for vital pulp treatments after briefly addresing the conventional vital pulp treatment as well as the regenerative and self defense capabilities of the pulp. A narrative review focusing on the current and future approaches for pulp preservation was performed after surveying the relevant papers on vital pulp therapies including pulp capping, pulpotomy, and potential approaches for facilitating dentin-pulp complex regeneration in PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Ballikaya
- Department of Oral and Dental Health Research, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Çelebi-Saltik
- Department of Oral and Dental Health Research, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Stem Cell Sciences, Hacettepe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Development, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Wołowiec A, Wołowiec Ł, Grześk G, Jaśniak A, Osiak J, Husejko J, Kozakiewicz M. The Role of Selected Epigenetic Pathways in Cardiovascular Diseases as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13723. [PMID: 37762023 PMCID: PMC10531432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a rapidly developing science that has gained a lot of interest in recent years due to the correlation between characteristic epigenetic marks and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Epigenetic modifications contribute to a change in gene expression while maintaining the DNA sequence. The analysis of these modifications provides a thorough insight into the cardiovascular system from its development to its further functioning. Epigenetics is strongly influenced by environmental factors, including known cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and low physical activity. Similarly, conditions affecting the local microenvironment of cells, such as chronic inflammation, worsen the prognosis in cardiovascular diseases and additionally induce further epigenetic modifications leading to the consolidation of unfavorable cardiovascular changes. A deeper understanding of epigenetics may provide an answer to the continuing strong clinical impact of cardiovascular diseases by improving diagnostic capabilities, personalized medical approaches and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. The aim of the study was to present selected epigenetic pathways, their significance in cardiovascular diseases, and their potential as a therapeutic target in specific medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wołowiec
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wołowiec
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Albert Jaśniak
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Osiak
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Jakub Husejko
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Nijakowski K, Ortarzewska M, Jankowski J, Lehmann A, Surdacka A. The Role of Cellular Metabolism in Maintaining the Function of the Dentine-Pulp Complex: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040520. [PMID: 37110177 PMCID: PMC10143950 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular metabolic processes ensure the physiological integrity of the dentine-pulp complex. Odontoblasts and odontoblast-like cells are responsible for the defence mechanisms in the form of tertiary dentine formation. In turn, the main defence reaction of the pulp is the development of inflammation, during which the metabolic and signalling pathways of the cells are significantly altered. The selected dental procedures, such as orthodontic treatment, resin infiltration, resin restorations or dental bleaching, can impact the cellular metabolism in the dental pulp. Among systemic metabolic diseases, diabetes mellitus causes the most consequences for the cellular metabolism of the dentine-pulp complex. Similarly, ageing processes present a proven effect on the metabolic functioning of the odontoblasts and the pulp cells. In the literature, several potential metabolic mediators demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties on inflamed dental pulp are mentioned. Moreover, the pulp stem cells exhibit the regenerative potential essential for maintaining the function of the dentine-pulp complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Nijakowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Ortarzewska
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Jankowski
- Student's Scientific Group in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Lehmann
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Surdacka
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
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DNA Methylation and Histone Modification in Dental-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2797-2816. [PMID: 35896859 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), is essential for the regulation of multiple cellular processes. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), a kind of multipotent cells derived from dental tissues, are impactful in regenerative medicine. Recent studies have shown that epigenetic regulation plays a major role in DMSCs. Therefore, exploring how epigenetic regulation is involved in DMSCs may be of guiding significance for tissue repair and regeneration or for exploring more effective treatments. A number of research of ncRNAs in DMSCs have been reported. However, little is known about the roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications in DMSCs. In this review, we summarize the important roles of DNA methylation and histone modifications of the fate of DMSCs.
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Role of Lipopolysaccharide, Derived from Various Bacterial Species, in Pulpitis—A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010138. [PMID: 35053286 PMCID: PMC8774278 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widely used for induction of inflammation in various human tissues, including dental pulp. The purpose of this study was to summarize current medical literature focusing on (1) cell types used by researchers to simulate dental pulp inflammation, (2) LPS variants utilized in experimental settings and how these choices affect the findings. Our study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We searched for studies reporting outcomes of lipopolysaccharide application on dental pulp cells in vitro using electronic databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus. Having gathered data from 115 papers, we aimed to present all known effects LPS has on different cell types present in dental pulp. We focused on specific receptors and particles that are involved in molecular pathways. Our review provides an essential foundation for further research using in vitro models of pulpitis.
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Liu Y, Gan L, Cui DX, Yu SH, Pan Y, Zheng LW, Wan M. Epigenetic regulation of dental pulp stem cells and its potential in regenerative endodontics. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1647-1666. [PMID: 34909116 PMCID: PMC8641018 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics (RE) therapy means physiologically replacing damaged pulp tissue and regaining functional dentin–pulp complex. Current clinical RE procedures recruit endogenous stem cells from the apical papilla, periodontal tissue, bone marrow and peripheral blood, with or without application of scaffolds and growth factors in the root canal space, resulting in cementum-like and bone-like tissue formation. Without the involvement of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), it is unlikely that functional pulp regeneration can be achieved, even though acceptable repair can be acquired. DPSCs, due to their specific odontogenic potential, high proliferation, neurovascular property, and easy accessibility, are considered as the most eligible cell source for dentin–pulp regeneration. The regenerative potential of DPSCs has been demonstrated by recent clinical progress. DPSC transplantation following pulpectomy has successfully reconstructed neurovascularized pulp that simulates the physiological structure of natural pulp. The self-renewal, proliferation, and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs are under the control of a cascade of transcription factors. Over recent decades, epigenetic modulations implicating histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding (nc)RNAs have manifested as a new layer of gene regulation. These modulations exhibit a profound effect on the cellular activities of DPSCs. In this review, we offer an overview about epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs; in particular, on the proliferation, odontogenic differentiation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. We emphasize recent discoveries of epigenetic molecules that can alter DPSC status and promote pulp regeneration through manipulation over epigenetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Di-Xin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Si-Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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11
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The Role of microRNAs in Pulp Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082142. [PMID: 34440911 PMCID: PMC8391605 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dental pulp can be affected by thermal, physical, chemical, and bacterial phenomena that stimulate the inflammatory response. The pulp tissue produces an immunological, cellular, and vascular reaction in an attempt to defend itself and resolve the affected tissue. The expression of different microRNAs during pulp inflammation has been previously documented. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small molecules involved in the transcription of genes that regulate the immune system and the inflammatory response. They are present in cellular and physiological functions, as well as in the pathogenesis of human diseases, becoming potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and safety. Previous studies have evidenced the different roles played by miRNAs in proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and immunological phenomena in the dental pulp, highlighting specific key functions of pulp pathology. This systematized review aims to provide an understanding of the role of the different microRNAs detected in the pulp and their effects on the expression of the different target genes that are involved during pulp inflammation.
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Wang MC, Tu HF, Chang KW, Lin SC, Yeh LY, Hung PS. The molecular functions of Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflamed dental pulp cells. Int Endod J 2021; 54:1317-1327. [PMID: 33711171 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation response and the underlying mechanisms that occur in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflamed dental pulp cells (DPCs) in contact with Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). METHODOLOGY The DPCs were isolated from three healthy donors and named DPC-H1 to DPC-H3. The DPCs were pre-cultured with 2 or 5 μg mL-1 LPS for 24 h to induce inflammation. The expression of inflammation marker miR-146a was detected by q-PCR. The normal and LPS-induced DPCs were further treated with 0.14 mg mL-1 Biodentine or 0.13 mg mL-1 MTA for 24 h. MTT assay and adhesion assay were used to analyse the changes of cell phenotypes. DSPP, AKT and ERK expressions were detected by Western blotting. The data were analysed by Mann-Whitney test or two-way anova. Differences were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05. RESULTS In LPS-induced DPCs, Biodentine and MTA treatment neither induced nor aggravated LPS-induced inflammation, but their presence did increase the expression of the odontogenic differentiation marker DSPP. Under 2 or 5 μg mL-1 LPS-induced inflammation, Biodentine and MTA promoted the proliferation of DPC cells, and significantly in DPC-H2 (P < 0.0001 for both reagents). With the treatment of 2 μg mL-1 LPS, the cell adhesion of DPCs on the fibronectin-coated culture plates was increased significantly by Biodentine (P = 0.0413) and MTA (P < 0.0001). Biodentine and MTA regulated cell adhesion on the fibronectin-coated culture plates (P < 0.0001 for both reagents) and proliferation (P < 0.0001 for both reagents) via the AKT pathway. However, the AKT pathway was not involved in the expression of DSPP induced by Biodentine and MTA. CONCLUSION Biodentine and MTA enhanced the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation of LPS-induced DPCs. The proliferation and adhesion process induced by Biodentine and MTA was via the AKT pathway. However, the cellular differentiation process might not use the same pathway, and this needs to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Dentistry, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Municipal WanFang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H F Tu
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - K W Chang
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S C Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L Y Yeh
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P S Hung
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
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Epigenetic Regulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8876265. [PMID: 33149742 PMCID: PMC7603635 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8876265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, affects gene expression without modifying the primary DNA sequence and modulates cell fate. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp, also called dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), exhibit multipotent differentiation capacity and can promote various biological processes, including odontogenesis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, myogenesis, and chondrogenesis. Over the past decades, increased attention has been attracted by the use of DPSCs in the field of regenerative medicine. According to a series of studies, epigenetic regulation is essential for DPSCs to differentiate into specialized cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in the epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs.
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Rambani A, Hu Y, Piya S, Long M, Rice JH, Pantalone V, Hewezi T. Identification of Differentially Methylated miRNA Genes During Compatible and Incompatible Interactions Between Soybean and Soybean Cyst Nematode. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1340-1352. [PMID: 32757880 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0196-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is a widespread epigenetic mark that affects gene expression and transposon mobility during plant development and stress responses. However, the role of DNA methylation in regulating the expression of microRNA (miRNA) genes remains largely unexplored. Here, we analyzed DNA methylation changes of miRNA genes using a pair of soybean (Glycine max) near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing in their response to soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines). Differences in global DNA methylation levels over miRNA genes in response to SCN infection were observed between the isogenic lines. miRNA genes with significant changes in DNA methylation levels in the promoter and primary transcript-coding regions were detected in both lines. In the susceptible isogenic line (NIL-S), 82 differentially methylated miRNAs were identified in response to SCN infection whereas, in the resistant isogenic line (NIL-R), only 16 differentially methylated miRNAs were identified. Interestingly, gma-miR5032, gma-miR5043, gma-miR1520b, and gma-2107-ch16 showed opposite methylation patterns in the isogenic lines. In addition, the miRNA paralogs gma-miR5770a and gma-miR5770b showed hypermethylation and hypomethylation in NIL-S and NIL-R, respectively. Gene expression quantification of gma-miR5032, gma-miR5043, gma-miR1520b, and gma-miR5770a/b and their confirmed targets indicated a role of DNA methylation in regulating miRNA expression and, thus, their targets upon SCN infection. Furthermore, overexpression of these four miRNAs in NIL-S using transgenic hairy root system enhanced plant resistance to SCN to various degrees with a key role observed for miR5032. Together, our results provide new insights into the role of epigenetic mechanisms in controlling miRNA regulatory function during SCN-soybean interactions.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Rambani
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - Yanfeng Hu
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Sarbottam Piya
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - Miao Long
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - J Hollis Rice
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - Vince Pantalone
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - Tarek Hewezi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
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Barbato-Ferreira DA, Costa SFDS, Gomez RS, Bastos JV. DNA Methylation patterns of immune response-related genes in inflammatory external root resorption. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e087. [PMID: 32785479 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory external root resorption (IERR) is a pathological process defined by the progressive loss of dental hard tissue, dentin, and cementum, resulting from the combination of the loss of external root protective apparatus and root canal infection. It has been suggested that healing patterns after tooth replantation may be influenced by the genetic and immunological profiles of the patients. The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the DNA methylation patterns of 22 immune response-related genes in extracted human teeth presenting with IERR. Methylation assays were performed on samples of root fragments showing IERR and compared with healthy bone tissue collected during the surgical extraction of impacted teeth. The methylation patterns were quantified using EpiTect Methyl II Signature Human Cytokine Production PCR Array. The results revealed significantly higher hypermethylation of the FOXP3 gene promoter in IERR (65.95%) than in the bone group (23.43%) (p < 0.001). The ELANE gene was also highly methylated in the pooled IERR sample, although the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.054). Our study suggests that the differential methylation patterns of immune response-related genes, such as FOXP3 and ELANE, may be involved in IERR modulation, and this could be related to the presence of root canal infection. However, further studies are needed to corroborate these findings to determine the functional relevance of these alterations and their role in the pathogenesis of IERR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Ferreira Dos Santos Costa
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Vilela Bastos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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16
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Hong H, Chen X, Li K, Wang N, Li M, Yang B, Yu X, Wei X. Dental follicle stem cells rescue the regenerative capacity of inflamed rat dental pulp through a paracrine pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:333. [PMID: 32746910 PMCID: PMC7397608 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulpitis is a common dental disease characterized by sustained inflammation and impaired pulp self-repair. Mesenchymal stem cell-based minimally invasive vital pulp therapy (MSC-miVPT) is a potential treatment method, but its application is limited by the difficulty in acquiring MSCs. We recently revealed the immunomodulatory effects of rat dental follicle stem cells (rDFSCs) on acute lung injury. The present study focused on the paracrine effects of rDFSCs on the inflammation and regeneration of rat injured dental pulp to detect whether DFSCs are a potential candidate for MSC-miVPT. Methods Conditioned medium from rDFSCs (rDFSC-CM) was applied to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat dental pulp cells (rDPCs). The inflammation and regeneration of rDPCs were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, wound-healing assay, and Masson’s staining. The effects of rDFSC-CM on inflamed rat dental pulp were further evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Results rDFSC-CM downregulated the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways, which resulted in suppression of the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and promotion of the expression of IL-4 and TGF-β, and these findings lead to the attenuation of rDPC inflammation. rDFSC-CM enhanced the in vitro proliferation, migration, and odontogenic differentiation of inflammatory rDPCs and their in vivo ectopic dentinogenesis. Furthermore, rDFSC-CM inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration in rat pulpitis and triggered Runx2 expression in some of the odontoblast-like cells surrounding the injured site, and these effects were conducive to the repair of inflamed dental pulp. Conclusions rDFSC-CM exhibits therapeutic potential by rescuing the regeneration of the inflamed rat dental pulp through an immunomodulatory mechanism, indicating the application prospects of DFSCs in biological regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China.,Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi Wei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Cruz-Carrillo G, Montalvo-Martínez L, Cárdenas-Tueme M, Bernal-Vega S, Maldonado-Ruiz R, Reséndez-Pérez D, Rodríguez-Ríos D, Lund G, Garza-Ocañas L, Camacho-Morales A. Fetal Programming by Methyl Donors Modulates Central Inflammation and Prevents Food Addiction-Like Behavior in Rats. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:452. [PMID: 32581665 PMCID: PMC7283929 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal programming by hypercaloric intake leads to food addiction-like behavior and brain pro-inflammatory gene expression in offspring. The role of methylome modulation during programming on central immune activation and addiction-like behavior has not been characterized. We employed a nutritional programming model exposing female Wistar rats to chow diet, cafeteria (CAF), or CAF-methyl donor’s diet from pre-pregnancy to weaning. Addiction-like behavior in offspring was characterized by the operant training response using Skinner boxes. Food intake in offspring was determined after fasting–refeeding schedule and subcutaneous injection of ghrelin. Genome-wide DNA methylation in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell was performed by fluorescence polarization, and brain immune activation was evaluated using real-time PCR for pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-1α, and IL-6). Molecular effects of methyl modulators [S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or 5-azatidine (5-AZA)] on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and phagocytosis were identified in the cultures of immortalized SIM-A9 microglia cells following palmitic acid (100 μM) or LPS (100 nM) stimulation for 6 or 24 h. Our results show that fetal programming by CAF exposure increases the number of offspring subjects and reinforcers under the operant training response schedule, which correlates with an increase in the NAc shell global methylation. Notably, methyl donor’s diet selectively decreases lever-pressing responses for reinforcers and unexpectedly decreases the NAc shell global methylation. Also, programmed offspring by CAF diet shows a selective IL-6 gene expression in the NAc shell, which is reverted to control values by methyl diet exposure. In vitro analysis identified that LPS and palmitic acid activate IL-1β, TNF-1α, and IL-6 gene expression, which is repressed by the methyl donor SAM. Finally, methylation actively represses phagocytosis activity of SIM-A9 microglia cells induced by LPS and palmitic acid stimulation. Our in vivo and in vitro data suggest that fetal programming by methyl donors actively decreases addiction-like behavior to palatable food in the offspring, which correlates with a decrease in NAc shell methylome, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, and activity of phagocytic microglia. These results support the role of fetal programming in brain methylome on immune activation and food addiction-like behavior in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cruz-Carrillo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Neurometabolism Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Larisa Montalvo-Martínez
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Neurometabolism Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Marcela Cárdenas-Tueme
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Sofia Bernal-Vega
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Roger Maldonado-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Neurometabolism Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Diana Reséndez-Pérez
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | | | - Gertrud Lund
- Department of Genetic Engineering, CINVESTAV Irapuato Unit, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Garza-Ocañas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
| | - Alberto Camacho-Morales
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico.,Neurometabolism Unit, Center for Research and Development in Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
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18
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Wu Y, Chen J, Sun Y, Dong X, Wang Z, Chen J, Dong G. PGN and LTA from Staphylococcus aureus Induced Inflammation and Decreased Lactation through Regulating DNA Methylation and Histone H3 Acetylation in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E238. [PMID: 32283626 PMCID: PMC7232188 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the most common pathogens of mastitis, and S. aureus generally causes subclinical mastitis which is more persistent and resistant to treatment. Peptidoglycan (PGN) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) are cell wall components of S. aureus. Although the roles of PGN and LTA in causing inflammation are well studied, the epigenetic mechanisms of the effects of PGN and LTA on the inflammation and lactation remain poorly understood. This study characterized the gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing and investigated DNA methylation and histone acetylation in relation to inflammation and lactation in the immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). The cells were cultured for 24 h with neither PGN nor LTA (CON), PGN (30 μg/mL), LTA (30 μg/mL), and PGN (30 μg/mL) + LTA (30 μg/mL), respectively. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the expression of proinflammatory factors including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)1, and CXCL6 of the treatments increased in the following order: CON < PGN < LTA < PGN + LTA, and the DEGs mainly enriched on the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling pathway. LTA and PGN + LTA induced hypomethylation of global DNA by suppressing DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity. PGN and LTA, alone or combined, decreased the mRNA expression of casein genes (CSN1S1, CSN2, and CSN3) and the expression of two caseins (CSN2 and CSN3), and reduced histone H3 acetylation by suppressing histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and promoting histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Collectively, this study revealed that PGN and LTA induced inflammation probably due to decreasing DNA methylation through regulating DNMT activity, and decreased lactation possibly through reducing histone H3 acetylation by regulating HAT and HDAC activity in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Jingbo Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Yawang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Xianwen Dong
- Institute for Herbivorous Livestock Research, Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Chongqing 402460, China;
| | - Zili Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Juncai Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Guozhong Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400716, China; (Y.W.); (J.C.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.); (J.C.)
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Cai L, Zhan M, Li Q, Li D, Xu Q. DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 inhibits lipopolysaccharide‑induced inflammatory response in human dental pulp cells involving the methylation changes of IL‑6 and TRAF6. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:959-968. [PMID: 31974603 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp inflammation is a pathological process characterized by local lesions in dental pulp and the accumulation of inflammatory mediators. DNA methylation of cytosine residues is a key epigenetic modification that is essential for gene transcription, and plays pivotal roles in inflammatory reactions and immune responses. However, the function of cytosine DNA methylation in the innate immune defense against the inflammation of dental pulp is poorly understood. To investigate the effect of DNA methylation in inflamed dental pulp upon innate immune responses, expression levels of the DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b) in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were evaluated by western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative (RT‑q) PCR. Only DNMT1 expression was decreased, while the transcription of inflammatory cytokines was increased. In the immune responses of LPS‑induced hDPCs, the results of RT‑qPCR and ELISA showed that DNMT1 knockdown promoted the production of the pro‑inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)‑6 and IL‑8. Western blotting demonstrated that DNMT1 knockdown increased the phosphorylation levels of IKKα/β and p38 in the NF‑κB and MAPK signaling pathways, respectively. Furthermore, MeDIP and RT‑qPCR analysis demonstrated that the 5‑methylcytosine levels of the IL‑6 and TNF receptor‑associated factor 6 (TRAF6) promoters were significantly decreased in DNMT1‑deficient hDPCs. Taken together, these results indicated that the expression of DNMT1 was decreased after LPS stimulation in hDPCs. DNMT1 depletion increased LPS‑induced cytokine secretion, and activated NF‑κB and MAPK signaling; these mechanisms may involve the decreased methylation levels of the IL‑6 and TRAF6 gene promoters. This study emphasized the role of DNMT1‑dependent DNA methylation on the inflammation of LPS‑infected dental pulp and provides a new rationale for the investigation of the molecular mechanisms of inflamed dental pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhui Cai
- Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Minkang Zhan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Qimeng Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Di Li
- Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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20
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Zhang Q, Zheng S, Wang S, Wang W, Xing H, Xu S. Chlorpyrifos induced oxidative stress to promote apoptosis and autophagy through the regulation of miR-19a-AMPK axis in common carp. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:1093-1099. [PMID: 31310849 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) has become a mainly pollution in water environment. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play an important part in the development of apoptosis and autophagy. However, the potential mechanism of CPF induced kidney toxicity and the roles of miRNAs are still unclear. To explore the underlying mechanism, the kidney of common carp exposed to different concentrations of CPF for 40 days was used as a research object. We found that CPF could damage the ultrastructure and function of kidney; and also caused antioxidant system disorder. CPF inhibited the mRNA level of miR-19a which improved AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, the detection of apoptosis and autophagy relative genes showed that the expressions of TSC complex subunit 2 (TSC2), light chain 3 (LC3), Dynein, tumor protein 53 (p53), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), caspase-3 and caspase-9 were enhanced and the expressions of nechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ras homolog mTORC1 binding (Rheb) and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) were reduced in dose-dependent way. Taken together, we conclude that CPF causes oxidative stress and miR-19a-AMPK axis disorder, thereby promotes apoptosis and autophagy in common carp kidney. Our study will provide theoretical basis for toxicology research and environmental protection of CPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shufang Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Shengchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Houjuan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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