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Temgire P, Arthur R, Kumar P. Neuroinflammation and the role of epigenetic-based therapies for Huntington's disease management: the new paradigm. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01477-0. [PMID: 38653938 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01477-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited, autosomal, neurodegenerative ailment that affects the striatum of the brain. Despite its debilitating effect on its patients, there is no proven cure for HD management as of yet. Neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and environmental factors have been reported to influence the regulation of gene expression by modifying epigenetic mechanisms. Aside focusing on the etiology, changes in epigenetic mechanisms have become a crucial factor influencing the interaction between HTT protein and epigenetically transcribed genes involved in neuroinflammation and HD. This review presents relevant literature on epigenetics with special emphasis on neuroinflammation and HD. It summarizes pertinent research on the role of neuroinflammation and post-translational modifications of chromatin, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNAs. To achieve this about 1500 articles were reviewed via databases like PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. They were reduced to 534 using MeSH words like 'epigenetics, neuroinflammation, and HD' coupled with Boolean operators. Results indicated that major contributing factors to the development of HD such as mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis are affected by epigenetic alterations. However, the association between neuroinflammation-altered epigenetics and the reported transcriptional changes in HD is unknown. Also, the link between epigenetically dysregulated genomic regions and specific DNA sequences suggests the likelihood that transcription factors, chromatin-remodeling proteins, and enzymes that affect gene expression are all disrupted simultaneously. Hence, therapies that target pathogenic pathways in HD, including neuroinflammation, transcriptional dysregulation, triplet instability, vesicle trafficking dysfunction, and protein degradation, need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Temgire
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Richmond Arthur
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India.
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2
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Wang C, Lei L, Xu Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Xu Y, Si S. Trichostatin C Synergistically Interacts with DNMT Inhibitor to Induce Antineoplastic Effect via Inhibition of Axl in Bladder and Lung Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:425. [PMID: 38675387 PMCID: PMC11053535 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic modifications are fundamental contributors to the pathogenesis of various cancers. Consequently, targeting these aberrations with small molecules, such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, presents a viable strategy for cancer therapy. The objective of this study is to assess the anti-cancer efficacy of trichostatin C (TSC), an analogue of trichostatin A sourced from the fermentation of Streptomyces sp. CPCC 203909. Our investigations reveal that TSC demonstrates potent activity against both human lung cancer and urothelial bladder cancer cell lines, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Moreover, TSC induces apoptosis mediated by caspase 3/7 and arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. When combined with the DNMT inhibitor decitabine, TSC exhibits a synergistic anti-cancer effect. Additionally, protein analysis elucidates a significant reduction in the expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor Axl. Notably, elevated concentrations of TSC correlate with the up-regulation of the transcription factor forkhead box class O1 (FoxO1) and increased levels of the proapoptotic proteins Bim and p21. In conclusion, our findings suggest TSC as a promising anti-cancer agent with HDAC inhibitory activity. Furthermore, our results highlight the potential utility of TSC in combination with DNMT inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, China; (C.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Beijing 100050, China; (C.W.); (L.L.)
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3
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Kong FC, Qi L, Zhou YL, Yu M, Huang WF, Li F. Chidamide, Decitabine, Cytarabine, Aclarubicin, and Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Therapy for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Retrospective Study from a Single-Center. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:1151-1161. [PMID: 38057538 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical evidence and clinical trials have suggested synergistic effects of epigenetic modifiers in combination with cytotoxic agents for the treatment of leukemia. However, their efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) remains unclear. METHODS Clinical data of R/R AML patients who received a CDCAG regimen (chidamide, decitabine, cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) from July 1, 2018 to October 31, 2021 at our center were retrospectively assessed, and the safety and efficacy of the CDCAG regimen were evaluated. Patients were followed up until November 30, 2021, with a median follow-up of 21.6 months (95% CI: 10.0-33.2 months). RESULTS A total of 67 patients were enrolled. Two patients died within 3 weeks after the initiation, and therefore only 65 patients underwent the assement for clinical response and survival. It was found that 56.9% patients achieved complete remission with a median overall survival (OS) of 9.6 months. The median OS of responders was 25.9 months, while that of non-responders was 5.0 months (P<0.0001). Patients with gene mutations had a superior overall response rate (ORR) (80.4% vs. 45.5%, P=0.043) compared to those without gene mutations. The presence of DNA methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A), ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2), and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) mutations did not affect the response rate (88.2% vs. 68.9%, P=0.220) and reflected a better OS (not attained vs. 9.0 months, P=0.05). The most common non-hematologic adverse events were pulmonary infection (73.1%), followed by febrile neutropenia (23.9%) and sepsis (19.4%). CONCLUSIONS The CDCAG regimen was effective and well-tolerated in R/R AML patients, increasing the potential for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Moreover, patients with DNMT3A, TET2, and IDH1/2 mutations might benefit from this regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Cong Kong
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yu-Lan Zhou
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Min Yu
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wen-Feng Huang
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Fei Li
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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4
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Frumm SM, Shimony S, Stone RM, DeAngelo DJ, Bewersdorf JP, Zeidan AM, Stahl M. Why do we not have more drugs approved for MDS? A critical viewpoint on novel drug development in MDS. Blood Rev 2023; 60:101056. [PMID: 36805300 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Approval of new agents to treat higher risk (HR) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has stalled since the approval of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi). In addition, the options for patients with lower risk (LR) MDS who have high transfusion needs and do not harbor ring sideroblasts or 5q- syndrome are limited. Here, we review the current treatment landscape in MDS and identify areas of unmet need, such as treatment after failure of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents or DNMTis, TP53-mutated disease, and MDS with potentially targetable mutations. We discuss how our understanding of MDS pathogenesis can inform therapy development, including treating HR-MDS similarly to AML and pursuing therapies to address splicing factor mutations and dysregulated inflammation. We then bring a critical lens to current methodology of MDS studies and propose solutions to improve the efficiency and yield of these clinical trials, including using the most meaningful response metrics and expanding enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M Frumm
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shai Shimony
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Rabin Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Richard M Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J DeAngelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Phillipp Bewersdorf
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maximilian Stahl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Kearney M, Cooper PR, Smith AJ, Duncan HF. Characterisation of miRNA Expression in Dental Pulp Cells during Epigenetically-Driven Reparative Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108631. [PMID: 37239975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Within regenerative endodontics, exciting opportunities exist for the development of next-generation targeted biomaterials that harness epigenetic machinery, including microRNAs (miRNAs), histone acetylation, and DNA methylation, which are used to control pulpitis and to stimulate repair. Although histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) induce mineralisation in dental pulp cell (DPC) populations, their interaction with miRNAs during DPC mineralisation is not known. Here, small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were used to establish a miRNA expression profile for mineralising DPCs in culture. Additionally, the effects of a HDACi, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and a DNMTi, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR), on miRNA expression, as well as DPC mineralisation and proliferation, were analysed. Both inhibitors increased mineralisation. However, they reduced cell growth. Epigenetically-enhanced mineralisation was accompanied by widespread changes in miRNA expression. Bioinformatic analysis identified many differentially expressed mature miRNAs that were suggested to have roles in mineralisation and stem cell differentiation, including regulation of the Wnt and MAPK pathways. Selected candidate miRNAs were demonstrated by qRT-PCR to be differentially regulated at various time points in mineralising DPC cultures treated with SAHA or 5-AZA-CdR. These data validated the RNA sequencing analysis and highlighted an increased and dynamic interaction between miRNA and epigenetic modifiers during the DPC reparative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, D02 F859 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
| | - Henry F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, D02 F859 Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Li J, Liang Y, Fan J, Xu C, Guan B, Zhang J, Guo B, Shi Y, Wang P, Tan Y, Zhang Q, Yuan C, Wu Y, Zhou L, Ci W, Li X. DNA methylation subtypes guiding prognostic assessment and linking to responses the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor SGI-110 in urothelial carcinoma. BMC Med 2022; 20:222. [PMID: 35843958 PMCID: PMC9290251 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02426-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the extent and clinical relevance of epigenetic differences between upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted a study to describe the global DNA methylation landscape of UTUC and UCB and to address the prognostic value of DNA methylation subtype and responses to the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor SGI-110 in urothelial carcinoma (UC). METHODS Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (n = 49 samples), we analyzed epigenomic features and profiles of UTUC (n = 36) and UCB (n = 9). Next, we characterized potential links between DNA methylation, gene expression (n = 9 samples), and clinical outcomes. Then, we integrated an independent UTUC cohort (Fujii et al., n = 86) and UCB cohort (TCGA, n = 411) to validate the prognostic significance. Furthermore, we performed an integrative analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in two UC cell lines following transient DNA methyltransferase inhibitor SGI-110 treatment to identify potential epigenetic driver events that contribute to drug efficacy. RESULTS We showed that UTUC and UCB have very similar DNA methylation profiles. Unsupervised DNA methylation classification identified two epi-clusters, Methy-High and Methy-Low, associated with distinct muscle-invasive statuses and patient outcomes. Methy-High samples were hypermethylated, immune-infiltrated, and enriched for exhausted T cells, with poor clinical outcome. SGI-110 inhibited the migration and invasion of Methy-High UC cell lines (UMUC-3 and T24) by upregulating multiple antitumor immune pathways. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation subtypes pave the way for predicting patient prognosis in UC. Our results provide mechanistic rationale for evaluating SGI-110 in treating UC patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Chunru Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bao Guan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bin Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yezhen Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changwei Yuan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yucai Wu
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China. .,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Weimin Ci
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Institute for Stem cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, 100034, China. .,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China.
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7
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Gu D, Dong K, Jiang A, Jiang S, Fu Z, Bao Y, Huang F, Yang C, Wang L. PBRM1 Deficiency Sensitizes Renal Cancer Cells to DNMT Inhibitor 5-Fluoro-2'-Deoxycytidine. Front Oncol 2022; 12:870229. [PMID: 35719970 PMCID: PMC9204009 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.870229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PBRM1 is a tumor suppressor frequently mutated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. However, no effective targeted therapies exist for ccRCC with PBRM1 loss. To identify novel therapeutic approaches to targeting PBRM1-deficient renal cancers, we employed a synthetic lethality compound screening in isogenic PBRM1+/+ and PBRM1-/- 786-O renal tumor cells and found that a DNMT inhibitor 5-Fluoro-2’-deoxycytidine (Fdcyd) selectively inhibit PBRM1-deficient tumor growth. RCC cells lacking PBRM1 show enhanced DNA damage response, which leads to sensitivity to DNA toxic drugs. Fdcyd treatment not only induces DNA damage, but also re-activated a pro-apoptotic factor XAF1 and further promotes the genotoxic stress-induced PBRM1-deficient cell death. This study shows a novel synthetic lethality interaction between PBRM1 loss and Fdcyd treatment and indicates that DNMT inhibitor represents a novel strategy for treating ccRCC with PBRM1 loss-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Gu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Fujian Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Fu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yewei Bao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuzhao Huang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Kuang C, Park Y, Augustin RC, Lin Y, Hartman DJ, Seigh L, Pai RK, Sun W, Bahary N, Ohr J, Rhee JC, Marks SM, Beasley HS, Shuai Y, Herman JG, Zarour HM, Chu E, Lee JJ, Krishnamurthy A. Pembrolizumab plus azacitidine in patients with chemotherapy refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: a single-arm phase 2 trial and correlative biomarker analysis. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:3. [PMID: 34991708 PMCID: PMC8740438 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA mismatch repair proficient (pMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is not responsive to pembrolizumab monotherapy. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors can promote antitumor immune responses. This clinical trial investigated whether concurrent treatment with azacitidine enhances the antitumor activity of pembrolizumab in mCRC. Methods We conducted a phase 2 single-arm trial evaluating activity and tolerability of pembrolizumab plus azacitidine in patients with chemotherapy-refractory mCRC (NCT02260440). Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg IV on day 1 and azacitidine 100 mg SQ on days 1–5, every 3 weeks. A low fixed dose of azacitidine was chosen in order to reduce the possibility of a direct cytotoxic effect of the drug, since the main focus of this study was to investigate its potential immunomodulatory effect. The primary endpoint of this study was overall response rate (ORR) using RECIST v1.1., and secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Tumor tissue was collected pre- and on-treatment for correlative studies. Results Thirty chemotherapy-refractory patients received a median of three cycles of therapy. One patient achieved partial response (PR), and one patient had stable disease (SD) as best confirmed response. The ORR was 3%, median PFS was 1.9 months, and median OS was 6.3 months. The combination regimen was well-tolerated, and 96% of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were grade 1/2. This trial was terminated prior to the accrual target of 40 patients due to lack of clinical efficacy. DNA methylation on-treatment as compared to pre-treatment decreased genome wide in 10 of 15 patients with paired biopsies and was significantly lower in gene promoter regions after treatment. These promoter demethylated genes represented a higher proportion of upregulated genes, including several immune gene sets, endogenous retroviral elements, and cancer-testis antigens. CD8+ TIL density trended higher on-treatment compared to pre-treatment. Higher CD8+ TIL density at baseline was associated with greater likelihood of benefit from treatment. On-treatment tumor demethylation correlated with the increases in tumor CD8+ TIL density. Conclusions The combination of pembrolizumab and azacitidine is safe and tolerable with modest clinical activity in the treatment for chemotherapy-refractory mCRC. Correlative studies suggest that tumor DNA demethylation and immunomodulation occurs. An association between tumor DNA demethylation and tumor-immune modulation suggests immune modulation and may result from treatment with azacitidine. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02260440. Registered 9 October 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02260440. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01226-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyuan Kuang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Room 463, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA. .,Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Therapeutics Program, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Chanin 628, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Yongseok Park
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ryan C Augustin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA.,Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Douglas J Hartman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Lindsey Seigh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Reetesh K Pai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Weijing Sun
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Room 463, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Therapeutics Program, Pittsburgh, USA.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, USA
| | - Nathan Bahary
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Room 463, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Therapeutics Program, Pittsburgh, USA.,AHN Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - James Ohr
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - James G Herman
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Room 463, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Program, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Hassane M Zarour
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Room 463, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Edward Chu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Room 463, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Therapeutics Program, Pittsburgh, USA.,Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Chanin 628, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - James J Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Room 463, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Therapeutics Program, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Anuradha Krishnamurthy
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Room 463, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA.,Hillman Cancer Center Cancer Therapeutics Program, Pittsburgh, USA
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9
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Liu Y, Gan L, Cui DX, Yu SH, Pan Y, Zheng LW, Wan M. Epigenetic regulation of dental pulp stem cells and its potential in regenerative endodontics. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1647-1666. [PMID: 34909116 PMCID: PMC8641018 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics (RE) therapy means physiologically replacing damaged pulp tissue and regaining functional dentin–pulp complex. Current clinical RE procedures recruit endogenous stem cells from the apical papilla, periodontal tissue, bone marrow and peripheral blood, with or without application of scaffolds and growth factors in the root canal space, resulting in cementum-like and bone-like tissue formation. Without the involvement of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), it is unlikely that functional pulp regeneration can be achieved, even though acceptable repair can be acquired. DPSCs, due to their specific odontogenic potential, high proliferation, neurovascular property, and easy accessibility, are considered as the most eligible cell source for dentin–pulp regeneration. The regenerative potential of DPSCs has been demonstrated by recent clinical progress. DPSC transplantation following pulpectomy has successfully reconstructed neurovascularized pulp that simulates the physiological structure of natural pulp. The self-renewal, proliferation, and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs are under the control of a cascade of transcription factors. Over recent decades, epigenetic modulations implicating histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding (nc)RNAs have manifested as a new layer of gene regulation. These modulations exhibit a profound effect on the cellular activities of DPSCs. In this review, we offer an overview about epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs; in particular, on the proliferation, odontogenic differentiation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. We emphasize recent discoveries of epigenetic molecules that can alter DPSC status and promote pulp regeneration through manipulation over epigenetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lu Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Di-Xin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Si-Han Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li-Wei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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10
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Chebly A, Prochazkova-Carlotti M, Idrissi Y, Bresson-Bepoldin L, Poglio S, Farra C, Beylot-Barry M, Merlio JP, Tomb R, Chevret E. Targeting Epigenetic Modifiers Can Reduce the Clonogenic Capacities of Sézary Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:775253. [PMID: 34765562 PMCID: PMC8576518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.775253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome (SS) is an aggressive leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) in which the human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) gene is re-expressed. Current available treatments do not provide long-term response. We previously reported that Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi, romidespin and vorinostat) and a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi, 5-azacytidine) can reduce hTERT expression without altering the methylation level of hTERT promoter. Romidepsin and vorinostat are approved for CTCL treatment, while 5-azacytidine is approved for the treatment of several hematological disorders, but not for CTCL. Here, using the soft agar assay, we analyzed the functional effect of the aforementioned epidrugs on the clonogenic capacities of Sézary cells. Our data revealed that, besides hTERT downregulation, epidrugs’ pressure reduced the proliferative and the tumor formation capacities in Sézary cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Chebly
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Bordeaux, France.,Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Yamina Idrissi
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Bresson-Bepoldin
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Poglio
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Bordeaux, France
| | - Chantal Farra
- Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Genetics, Hotel-Dieu de France Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie Beylot-Barry
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Bordeaux, France.,Department of Dermatology, Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Merlio
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Bordeaux, France.,Tumor Bank and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Bordeaux University Hospital Center, Pessac, France
| | - Roland Tomb
- Medical Genetics Unit (UGM), Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Dermatology, Hotel-Dieu de France Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edith Chevret
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology (BaRITOn), Bordeaux, France
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11
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Hodjat M, Jourshari PB, Amirinia F, Asadi N. 5-Azacitidine and Trichostatin A induce DNA damage and apoptotic responses in tongue squamous cell carcinoma: An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105296. [PMID: 34735927 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present in vitro study aims to investigate the potential use of epigenetic inhibitors as treatment modalities in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. DESIGN The human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line (CAL-27) was cultured and exposed to varying concentrations of 5-Azacitidine (5-Aza) or Trichostatin A (TSA) in the culture medium. The cell apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V/PI by flow cytometry. To evaluate DNA damage response, γH2AX foci analysis was performed using immunofluorescence. Single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was applied to measure DNA strand breaks. Gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS The results showed that 5-Aza and TSA had apoptotic effects on the SCC cell line at concentrations of 50-200 µM and 0.5-5 µM, respectively. Immunofluorescence analysis showed increased expression of γH2AX, the marker of DNA damage response after treatment of 5-Aza and TSA that was associated with increased DNA strand breaks. The expressions of urokinase plasminogen activator, its receptor and matrix metalloproteinase-2, were significantly reduced in TSA- and 5-Aza-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that 5-Aza and TSA increase apoptotic and DNA damage response in squamous cell carcinoma cell line while reducing the expression of tumor invasion genes that further indicating the potential therapeutic value of two epigenetic modifiers in squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Bina Jourshari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amirinia
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Asadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Solntseva SV, Nikitin PV, Kozyrev SA, Nikitin VP. Learning against the Background of DNA Methyltransferase Inhibition Leads to the Formation of Memory That Is Resistant to Reactivation and Impairment. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:288-293. [PMID: 33452638 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of DNA methylation in the mechanisms of formation of conditioned food aversion memory was studied on Helix lucorum snails. The dynamics of aversion formation in snails injected with DNA methyltransferase inhibitor RG108 did not differ from that in control snails. The memory was retained for more than one month after training following RG108 injection and the duration of memory persistence did not differ from that in control animals. However, the characteristics of memory in control and experimental snails differed significantly. In control snails, injections of glutamate NMDA-receptor antagonist or protein synthesis inhibitor before memory retrieval caused disorders in the memory reconsolidation and development of amnesia 2 days after training. By contrast, injections of these substances before retrieval to snails trained against the background of RG108 treatment caused no memory disorders. We hypothesized that inhibition of DNA methylation processes led to the formation of strong memory, not reactivated after retrieval and not transformed into a labile state sensitive to amnesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Solntseva
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - P V Nikitin
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - S A Kozyrev
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Nikitin
- P. K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russia
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13
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Gomez S, Tabernacki T, Kobyra J, Roberts P, Chiappinelli KB. Combining epigenetic and immune therapy to overcome cancer resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 65:99-113. [PMID: 31877341 PMCID: PMC7308208 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer undergoes "immune editing" to evade destruction by cells of the host immune system including natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Current adoptive cellular immune therapies include CAR T cells and dendritic cell vaccines, strategies that have yet to show success for a wide range of tumors. Cancer resistance to immune therapy is driven by extrinsic factors and tumor cell intrinsic factors that contribute to immune evasion. These extrinsic factors include immunosuppressive cell populations such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMS), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells produce and secrete immunosuppressive factors and express inhibitory ligands that interact with receptors on T cells including PD-1 and CTLA-4. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies such as anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 have shown success by increasing immune activation to eradicate cancer, though both primary and acquired resistance remain a problem. Tumor cell intrinsic factors driving primary and acquired resistance to these immune therapies include genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic therapies for cancer including DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi), histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), and histone methyltransferase inhibitors (HMTi) can stimulate anti-tumor immunity in both tumor cells and host immune cells. Here we discuss in detail tumor mechanisms of immune evasion and how common epigenetic therapies for cancer may be used to reverse immune evasion. Lastly, we summarize current clinical trials combining epigenetic therapies with immune therapies to reverse cancer immune resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gomez
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, United States; The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tomasz Tabernacki
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, United States; The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Julie Kobyra
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, United States; The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Paige Roberts
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, United States; The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Katherine B Chiappinelli
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, United States; The Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie K Jakobsen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten F Gjerstorff
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Academy of Geriatric Cancer Research (AgeCare), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Wang L, Luo J, Chen G, Fang M, Wei X, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Gao S, Shen J, Wang X, Gao X, Zhou W, Ma Y, Liu H, Li X, Yang L, Sun K, Yu L. Chidamide, decitabine, cytarabine, aclarubicin, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (CDCAG) in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a single-arm, phase 1/2 study. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:132. [PMID: 32873343 PMCID: PMC7466805 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the chemoresistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The clinical response to epigenetic modifier-based chemotherapy in patients with relapsed/refractory AML (r/r AML) is unclear. This multicenter clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of epigenetic modifiers (chidamide and decitabine) in combination with aclarubicin, cytarabine, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with r/r AML. Results Adult patients with r/r AML were treated with chidamide, decitabine, cytarabine, aclarubicin, and G-CSF (CDCAG). The primary measures were overall response (OR), overall survival (OS), and safety. Next-generation sequencing was performed to analyze the correlation between gene mutations and response. A total of 93 patients with r/r AML were enrolled. Overall, 24 patients had a complete remission (CR) and 19 patients achieved CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi). The overall response rate (ORR) was 46.2%. The overall survival of these 43 patients who achieved CR/CRi was significantly longer than that of patients who failed to achieve remission (563 vs 152 days, P < 0.0001). Of the patients with mutations in epigenetic and transcription factor-related genes, but without internal tandem duplications in FMS-like tyrosine kinase3 (FLT3-ITDs), 55.6% achieved CR/CRi, whereas the ORR was 28.2% for patients with mutations in other genes. Conclusions The CDCAG regimen was well tolerated and effective in r/r AML. Patients with epigenetic and transcription factor-related gene mutations, but without FLT3-ITD mutations, may benefit from this regimen. Trial registration Clinical Trials, NCT02886559. Registered 01 September 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Hematology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Luo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guofeng Chen
- Department of Endoscopy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Meiyun Fang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xudong Wei
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuogang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoning Gao
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yigai Ma
- Department of Hematology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinquan Li
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China. .,Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
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16
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Lin HY, Chuang JH, Wang PW, Lin TK, Wu MT, Hsu WM, Chuang HC. 5-aza-2'-Deoxycytidine Induces a RIG-I-Related Innate Immune Response by Modulating Mitochondria Stress in Neuroblastoma. Cells 2020; 9:E1920. [PMID: 32824929 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common malignant solid tumors to occur in children, characterized by a wide range of genetic and epigenetic aberrations. We studied whether modifications of the latter with a 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (decitabine, Dac) DNA methyltransferase inhibitor can provide a therapeutic advantage in NB. Methods: NB cells with or without MYCN amplification were treated with Dac. We used flow cytometry to measure cell apoptosis and death and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), microarray to analyze gene expression profile and bisulfite pyrosequencing to determine the methylation level of the DDX58/RIG-I promoter. Western blot was used to detect markers related to innate immune response and apoptotic signaling, while immunofluorescent imaging was used to determine dsRNA. We generated mtDNA depleted ρ0 cells using long-term exposure to low-dose ethidium bromide. Results: Dac preferentially induced a RIG-I-predominant innate immune response and cell apoptosis in SK-N-AS NB cells, significantly reduced the methylation level of the DDX58/RIG-I promoter and increased dsRNA accumulation in the cytosol. Dac down regulated mitochondrial genes related to redox homeostasis, but augmented mtROS production. ρ0 cells demonstrated a blunted response in innate immune response and apoptotic cell death, as well as greatly diminished dsRNA. The response of NB cells to CDDP and poly(I:C) was potentiated by Dac in association with increased mtROS, which was blunted in ρ0 cells. Conclusions: This study indicates that Dac effectively induces a RIG-I-related innate immune response and apoptotic signaling primarily in SK-N-AS NB cells by hypomethylating DDX58/RIG-I promoter, elevated mtROS and increased dsRNA. Dac can potentiate the cytotoxic effects of CDDP and poly(I:C) in NB cells.
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17
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Lu CH, Chen CM, Ma J, Wu CJ, Chen LC, Kuo ML. DNA methyltransferase inhibitor alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106542. [PMID: 32361570 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe disease characterized by several inflammatory responses in the lung with high mortality. We applied a mouse model of the pulmonary inflammation induced by the intratracheal instillation of bleomycin which is widely used to induce ALI and fibrosis in animal models. We hypothesized that DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-azacytidine (5-Aza), with its anti-inflammatory benefits, might attenuate bleomycin-induced ALI through the alleviation of inflammation in the lung. We quantified white blood cells with cell blood count (CBC) test, lung inflammation by analyzing cells in the collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histological analysis of the lung tissues, and gene expression levels by real-time PCR. Intratracheal administration of bleomycin in mice induced pulmonary inflammation, characterized by increased neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expression in the lungs. Mice treated with 5-Aza showed a significant reduction of lung neutrophilia, together with lower expressions of CXCL2 and MCP-1. Furthermore, 5-Aza treatment decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the lung tissue. Collectively, our data show that DNA methyltransferase inhibitor can alleviate the lung inflammation of bleomycin-induced ALI, indicating an alternative treatment option for the inflammation-triggered lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Épalinges, Switzerland
| | - Chun-Ming Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jason Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jang Wu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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18
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Luker AJ, Graham LJ, Smith TM, Camarena C, Zellner MP, Gilmer JJS, Damle SR, Conrad DH, Bear HD, Martin RK. The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, guadecitabine, targets tumor-induced myelopoiesis and recovers T cell activity to slow tumor growth in combination with adoptive immunotherapy in a mouse model of breast cancer. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:8. [PMID: 32106810 PMCID: PMC7045411 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-0337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) present a significant obstacle to cancer immunotherapy because they dampen anti-tumor cytotoxic T cell responses. Previous groups, including our own, have reported on the myelo-depletive effects of certain chemotherapy agents. We have shown previously that decitabine increased tumor cell Class I and tumor antigen expression, increased ability of tumor cells to stimulate T lymphocytes, depleted tumor-induced MDSC in vivo and augmented immunotherapy of a murine mammary carcinoma. Results In this study, we expand upon this observation by testing a next-generation DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi), guadecitabine, which has increased stability in the circulation. Using the 4 T1 murine mammary carcinoma model, in BALB/cJ female mice, we found that guadecitabine significantly reduces tumor burden in a T cell-dependent manner by preventing excessive myeloid proliferation and systemic accumulation of MDSC. The remaining MDSC were shifted to an antigen-presenting phenotype. Building upon our previous publication, we show that guadecitabine enhances the therapeutic effect of adoptively transferred antigen-experienced lymphocytes to diminish tumor growth and improve overall survival. We also show guadecitabine’s versatility with similar tumor reduction and augmentation of immunotherapy in the C57BL/6 J E0771 murine breast cancer model. Conclusions Guadecitabine depleted and altered MDSC, inhibited growth of two different murine mammary carcinomas in vivo, and augmented immunotherapeutic efficacy. Based on these findings, we believe the immune-modulatory effects of guadecitabine can help rescue anti-tumor immune response and contribute to the overall effectiveness of current cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Luker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Laura J Graham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Timothy M Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Carmen Camarena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Matt P Zellner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Jamie-Jean S Gilmer
- Department of Biology, College of Humanities and Sciences, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sheela R Damle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Daniel H Conrad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Harry D Bear
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. .,Massey Cancer Center, VCU, Box 980678, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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19
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Wang C, Hamacher A, Petzsch P, Köhrer K, Niegisch G, Hoffmann MJ, Schulz WA, Kassack MU. Combination of Decitabine and Entinostat Synergistically Inhibits Urothelial Bladder Cancer Cells via Activation of FoxO1. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E337. [PMID: 32028599 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Occurrence of cisplatin-resistance in bladder cancer is frequent and results in disease progression. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are a high medical need for patients suffering from chemotherapy failure. The purpose of this study was to test the combination of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine (DAC) with the histone deacetylase inhibitor entinostat (ENT) in bladder cancer cells with different platinum sensitivities: J82, cisplatin-resistant J82CisR, and RT-112. Intermittent treatment of J82 cells with cisplatin resulted in the six-fold more cisplatin-resistant cell line J82CisR. Combinations of DAC and/or ENT plus cisplatin could not reverse chemoresistance. However, the combination of DAC and ENT acted cytotoxic in a highly synergistic manner as shown by Chou-Talalay analysis via induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Importantly, this effect was cancer cell-selective as no synergism was found for the combination in the non-cancerous urothelial cell line HBLAK. Expression analysis indicated that epigenetic treatment led to up-regulation of forkhead box class O1 (FoxO1) and further activated proapoptotic Bim and the cell cycle regulator p21 and reduced expression of survivin in J82CisR. In conclusion, the combination of DAC and ENT is highly synergistic and has a promising potential for therapy of bladder cancer, particularly in cases with platinum resistance.
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Wu JS, Yao GS, Shi XH, Rehman SU, Xu Y, Fu XM, Zhang XL, Liu Y, Wang CY. Epigenetic Agents Trigger the Production of Bioactive Nucleoside Derivatives and Bisabolane Sesquiterpenes From the Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus versicolor. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:85. [PMID: 32082294 PMCID: PMC7002437 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic agents, histone deacetylase inhibitor (SAHA) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-Aza), were added to Czapek-Dox medium to trigger the chemical diversity of marine-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor XS-20090066. By HPLC and 1H NMR analysis, the diversity of fungal secondary metabolites was significantly increased compared with the control. With the aid of MS/MS-based molecular networking, two new nucleoside derivatives, kipukasins K (1) and L (2) were obtained. Meanwhile, the yields of four known nucleoside derivatives were significantly enhanced. In addition, one new bisabolane sesquiterpene, aspergillusene E (7), along with ten known derivatives were also isolated. The structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic methods of NMR and HRESIMS analysis. Compounds 1 and 7 displayed antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus with the MIC values of 8-16 μg/mL. Our study revealed that the fungus A. versicolor XS-20090066 has been effectively induced by chemical epigenetic manipulation with a combination of SAHA and 5-Aza to produce new metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Shan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Saif Ur Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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21
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Perrard J, Morel A, Meznad K, Paget-Bailly P, Dalstein V, Guenat D, Mourareau C, Clavel C, Fauconnet S, Baguet A, Mougin C, Pretet JL. DNA demethylation agent 5azadC downregulates HPV16 E6 expression in cervical cancer cell lines independently of TBX2 expression. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1074-1081. [PMID: 31897221 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV16 is the most carcinogenic human papillomavirus and causes >50% of cervical cancers, the majority of anal cancers and 30% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. HPV carcinogenesis relies on the continuous expression of the two main viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 that target >150 cellular proteins. Among them, epigenetic modifiers, including DNA Methyl Transferases (DNMT), are dysregulated, promoting an aberrant methylation pattern in HPV-positive cancer cells. It has been previously reported that the treatment of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells with DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5azadC) caused the downregulation of E6 expression due to mRNA destabilization that was mediated by miR-375. Recently, the T-box transcription factor 2 (TBX2) has been demonstrated to repress HPV LCR activity. In the current study, the role of TBX2 in E6 repression was investigated in HPV16 cervical cancer cell lines following 5azadC treatment. A decrease of E6 expression was accompanied by p53 and p21 restoration. While TBX2 mRNA was upregulated in 5azadC-treated SiHa and Ca Ski cells, TBX2 protein was not detectable. Furthermore, the overexpression of TBX2 protein in cervical cancer cells did not allow the repression of E6 expression. The TBX2 transcription factor is therefore unlikely to be associated with the repression of E6 following 5azadC treatment of SiHa and Ca Ski cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Perrard
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Adrien Morel
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 112041, Colombia
| | - Koceila Meznad
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Paget-Bailly
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Veronique Dalstein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1250 Pathologies Pulmonaires et Plasticité Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, 51000 Reims, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims, Laboratoire Biopathologie, 51000 Reims, France
| | - David Guenat
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France.,Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU Besançon, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Celine Mourareau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1250 Pathologies Pulmonaires et Plasticité Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, 51000 Reims, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims, Laboratoire Biopathologie, 51000 Reims, France
| | - Christine Clavel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1250 Pathologies Pulmonaires et Plasticité Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, 51000 Reims, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims, Laboratoire Biopathologie, 51000 Reims, France
| | - Sylvie Fauconnet
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Aurelie Baguet
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Christiane Mougin
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France.,Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU Besançon, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pretet
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France.,Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU Besançon, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
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22
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Wu JS, Shi XH, Zhang YH, Yu JY, Fu XM, Li X, Chen KX, Guo YW, Shao CL, Wang CY. Co-cultivation With 5-Azacytidine Induced New Metabolites From the Zoanthid-Derived Fungus Cochliobolus lunatus. Front Chem 2019; 7:763. [PMID: 31781545 PMCID: PMC6857680 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The zoanthid-derived fungus Cochliobolus lunatus (TA26-46) has been proven to be a source of bioactive 14-membered resorcylic acid lactones (RALs). In the present study, chemical epigenetic manipulation was applied to this fungal strain with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor resulting in the significant changes of the secondary metabolites. Cultivation of C. lunatus (TA26-46) with 10 μM 5-azacytidine in Czapek-Dox liquid medium led to the isolation of new types of metabolites, including two α-pyrones, cochliobopyrones A (1) and B (2), along with three isocoumarins (3–5) and one chromone (6). The planar structures of the new compounds (1–2) were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of NMR and HRESIMS data. Their challenging relative configurations were established by a combination of acetonide reaction, coupling constants and NOESY correlations analysis, and DP4+ probability calculation. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparing with the ECD calculation data of the fragment molecules, 6-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-4-methoxy-2H-pyran-2-ones. It is the first time to obtain α-pyrone compounds with the epoxy ring or bromine atom on the seven-numbered side chain. It could be concluded that chemical epigenetic agents could induce C. lunatus to produce new types of secondary metabolites differing from its original products (RALs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia-Yin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai-Xian Chen
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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23
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Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 15-20% of all invasive breast cancers and tends to have aggressive histological features and poor clinical outcomes. Unlike, estrogen receptor- or HER2-positive diseases, TNBC patients currently lack the US FDA-approved targeted therapies. DNA methylation is a critical mechanism of epigenetic modification. It is well known that aberrant DNA methylation contributes to the malignant transformation of cells by silencing critical tumor suppressor genes. DNA methyltransferase inhibitors reactivate silenced tumor suppressor genes and result in tumor growth arrest, with therapeutic effects observed in patients with hematologic malignancies. The antitumor effect of these DNA methyltransferase inhibitors has also been explored in solid tumors, especially in TNBC that currently lacks targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jacqueline Zayas
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine & The Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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24
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Taweechaipaisankul A, Kim GA, Jin JX, Lee S, Qasim M, Kim EH, Lee BC. Enhancement of epigenetic reprogramming status of porcine cloned embryos with zebularine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1013-1022. [PMID: 31166644 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic reprogramming is known to be a major cause of inefficient somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in pigs, and use of epigenetic modification agents, such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis), is a promising approach for enhancing SCNT efficacy. Here, we attempted to find the optimal condition of zebularine (Zb), a DNMTi, treatment on porcine SCNT embryos during in vitro culture (IVC). As results, treatment with 5 nM Zb for 24 hr showed the highest rate of embryo development to blastocyst compared to other groups (p < .05). Also, the relative intensities of global DNA methylation levels of anti-5-methylcytosine in pseudo-pronuclear (PNC), 2-cell and 4-cell stages were significantly lower in the Zb-treated group (p < .05), however, changes in methylation levels of centromeric satellite repeat were noted only in PNC and blastocyst stages. In addition, significant positive alterations in the relative expression of genes related to pluripotency (OCT4 and SOX2), histone acetylation (HAT1, HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3) and DNA methylation (DNMT1 and DNMT3a) were observed compared to the control (p < .05). In conclusion, we found that Zb could modify DNA methylation levels in the early stages of porcine SCNT embryos and promote their developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anukul Taweechaipaisankul
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon A Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Xue Jin
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang, Harbin, China
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Banerjee S, Gusho E, Gaughan C, Dong B, Gu X, Holvey-Bates E, Talukdar M, Li Y, Weiss SR, Sicheri F, Saunthararajah Y, Stark GR, Silverman RH. OAS-RNase L innate immune pathway mediates the cytotoxicity of a DNA-demethylating drug. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:5071-6. [PMID: 30814222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Drugs that cause epigenetic modification of DNA, such as 5-azacytidine (AZA), are used clinically to treat myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. In addition, AZA is being investigated for use against a range of different types of solid tumors, including lung and colorectal cancers. Treatment with AZA causes demethylation of DNA, thus increasing RNA synthesis, including the synthesis of double-stranded RNA, which is otherwise produced in virus-infected cells. We determined that cell death in response to AZA requires the antiviral enzyme RNase L. The results identify a drug target for enhancing the anticancer activity and reducing the toxicity of AZA and related drugs. Drugs that reverse epigenetic silencing, such as the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) 5-azacytidine (AZA), have profound effects on transcription and tumor cell survival. AZA is an approved drug for myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia, and is under investigation for different solid malignant tumors. AZA treatment generates self, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), transcribed from hypomethylated repetitive elements. Self dsRNA accumulation in DNMTi-treated cells leads to type I IFN production and IFN-stimulated gene expression. Here we report that cell death in response to AZA treatment occurs through the 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)-RNase L pathway. OASs are IFN-induced enzymes that synthesize the RNase L activator 2-5A in response to dsRNA. Cells deficient in RNase L or OAS1 to 3 are highly resistant to AZA, as are wild-type cells treated with a small-molecule inhibitor of RNase L. A small-molecule inhibitor of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) also antagonizes RNase L-dependent cell death in response to AZA, consistent with a role for JNK in RNase L-induced apoptosis. In contrast, the rates of AZA-induced and RNase L-dependent cell death were increased by transfection of 2-5A, by deficiencies in ADAR1 (which edits and destabilizes dsRNA), PDE12 or AKAP7 (which degrade 2-5A), or by ionizing radiation (which induces IFN-dependent signaling). Finally, OAS1 expression correlates with AZA sensitivity in the NCI-60 set of tumor cell lines, suggesting that the level of OAS1 can be a biomarker for predicting AZA sensitivity of tumor cells. These studies may eventually lead to pharmacologic strategies for regulating the antitumor activity and toxicity of AZA and related drugs.
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26
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De Beck L, Melhaoui S, De Veirman K, Menu E, De Bruyne E, Vanderkerken K, Breckpot K, Maes K. Epigenetic treatment of multiple myeloma mediates tumor intrinsic and extrinsic immunomodulatory effects. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1484981. [PMID: 30288346 PMCID: PMC6169579 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1484981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion is an important driver of disease progression in the plasma cell malignancy multiple myeloma. Recent work highlights the potential of epigenetic modulating agents as tool to enhance anti-tumor immunity. The immune modulating effects of the combination of a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and a histone deacetylase inhibitor in multiple myeloma is insufficiently characterized. Therefore, we used the murine immunocompetent 5T33MM model to investigate hallmarks of immunogenic cell death as well as alterations in the immune cell constitution in the bone marrow of diseased mice in response to the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine and the histone deacetylase inhibitor quisinostat. Vaccination of mice with 5T33 cells treated with epigenetic compounds delayed tumor development upon a subsequent tumor challenge. In vitro, epigenetic treatment induced ecto-calreticulin and CD47, as well as a type I interferon response. Moreover, treated 5T33vt cells triggered dendritic cell maturation. The combination of decitabine and quisinostat in vivo resulted in combinatory anti-myeloma effects. In vivo, epigenetic treatment increased tumoral ecto-calreticulin and decreased CD47 and PD-L1 expression, increased dendritic cell maturation and reduced CD11b positive cells. Moreover, epigenetic treatment induced a temporal increase in presence of CD8-positive and CD4-positive T cells with naive and memory-like phenotypes based on CD62L and CD44 expression levels, and reduced expression of exhaustion markers PD-1 and TIM3. In conclusion, a combination of a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor and a histone deacetylase inhibitor increased the immunogenicity of myeloma cells and altered the immune cell constitution in the bone marrow of myeloma-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien De Beck
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Melhaoui
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
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27
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Crabb S, Danson SJ, Catto JWF, McDowell C, Lowder JN, Caddy J, Dunkley D, Rajaram J, Ellis D, Hill S, Hathorn D, Whitehead A, Kalevras M, Huddart R, Griffiths G. SPIRE - combining SGI-110 with cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy for solid malignancies including bladder cancer: study protocol for a phase Ib/randomised IIa open label clinical trial. Trials 2018; 19:216. [PMID: 29615077 PMCID: PMC5883402 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2586-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) accounts for 10,000 new diagnoses and 5000 deaths annually in the UK (Cancer Research UK, http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/bladder-cancer , Cancer Research UK, Accessed 26 Mar 2018). Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is standard of care therapy for UBC for both palliative first-line treatment of advanced/metastatic disease and radical neoadjuvant treatment of localised muscle invasive bladder cancer. However, cisplatin resistance remains a critical cause of treatment failure and a barrier to therapeutic advance in UBC. Based on supportive pre-clinical data, we hypothesised that DNA methyltransferase inhibition would circumvent cisplatin resistance in UBC and potentially other cancers. METHODS The addition of SGI-110 (guadecitabine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) to conventional doublet therapy of gemcitabine and cisplatin (GC) is being tested within the phase Ib/IIa SPIRE clinical trial. SPIRE incorporates an initial, modified rolling six-dose escalation phase Ib design of up to 36 patients with advanced solid tumours followed by a 20-patient open-label randomised controlled dose expansion phase IIa component as neoadjuvant treatment for UBC. Patients are being recruited from UK secondary care sites. The dose escalation phase will determine a recommended phase II dose (RP2D, primary endpoint) of SGI-110, by subcutaneous injection, on days 1-5 for combination with GC at conventional doses (cisplatin 70 mg/m2, IV infusion, day 8; gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2, IV infusion, days 8 and 15) in every 21-day cycle. In the dose expansion phase, patients will be randomised 1:1 to GC with or without SGI-110 at the proposed RP2D. Secondary endpoints will include toxicity profiles, SGI-110 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic biomarkers, and pathological complete response rates in the dose expansion phase. Analyses will not be powered for formal statistical comparisons and descriptive statistics will be used to describe rates of toxicity, efficacy and translational endpoints by treatment arm. DISCUSSION SPIRE will provide evidence for whether SGI-110 in combination with GC chemotherapy is safe and biologically effective prior to future phase II/III trials as a neoadjuvant therapy for UBC and potentially in other cancers treated with GC. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT Number: 2015-004062-29 (entered Dec 7, 2015) ISRCTN registry number: 16332228 (registered on Feb 3, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Crabb
- Southampton Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah J. Danson
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - James W. F. Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, The Medical school, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Joshua Caddy
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Denise Dunkley
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jessica Rajaram
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Deborah Ellis
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephanie Hill
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - David Hathorn
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Amy Whitehead
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mihalis Kalevras
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Gareth Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Cancer Immunology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Niu C, Li M, Zhu S, Chen Y, Zhou L, Xu D, Li W, Cui J, Liu Y, Chen J. Decitabine Inhibits Gamma Delta T Cell Cytotoxicity by Promoting KIR2DL2/3 Expression. Front Immunol 2018; 9:617. [PMID: 29632540 PMCID: PMC5879086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells, which possess potent cytotoxicity against a wide range of cancer cells, have become a potential avenue for adoptive immunotherapy. Decitabine (DAC) has been reported to enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells, thereby reinstating endogenous immune recognition and tumor lysis. However, DAC has also been demonstrated to have direct effects on immune cells. In this study, we report that DAC inhibits γδ T cell proliferation. In addition, DAC increases the number of KIR2DL2/3-positive γδ T cells, which are less cytotoxic than the KIR2DL2/3-negative γδ T cells. We found that DAC upregulated KIR2DL2/3 expression in KIR2DL2/3-negative γδ T cells by inhibiting KIR2DL2/3 promoter methylation, which enhances the binding of KIR2DL2/3 promoter to Sp-1 and activates KIR2DL2/3 gene expression. Our data demonstrated that DAC can inhibit the function of human γδ T cells at both cellular and molecular levels, which confirms and extrapolates the results of previous studies showing that DAC can negatively regulate the function of NK cells and αβ T cells of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Niu
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongchong Chen
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Department of Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Sanofi Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jingtao Chen
- Department of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Hakata S, Terashima J, Shimoyama Y, Okada K, Fujioka S, Ito E, Habano W, Ozawa S. Differential sensitization of two human colon cancer cell lines to the antitumor effects of irinotecan combined with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541236 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11) is a key therapeutic drug used in the treatment of colorectal cancer, although acquired or constitutive resistance to CPT-11 (and its activated metabolite SN-38) can lead to tumor progression. Since the acquisition of drug resistance can result from DNA hypermethylation, the antitumor activity of CPT-11 and SN-38 was assessed in combination with a known DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, also known as decitabine (DAC). DAC potentiated the antitumor activity of CPT-11 additively, and that of SN-38 synergistically, as measured by colony formation in the human colorectal cancer HCT116 cell line. No DAC potentiation of these antitumor effects was observed with another human colorectal cancer HT29 cell line. Anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein expression was reduced to 50-67% of the control following a single treatment with CPT-11, SN-38, or DAC, and was markedly reduced to 7-8% following the combination of CPT-11/SN-38 with DAC. By contrast, Bcl-2 protein expression was barely detected in HT29. Wilms' tumor protein (WT1), which has been shown to be a positive regulator of Bcl-2 in HCT116 cells through WT1-kncokdown experiments, was downregulated in HCT116 and HT29 cells when treated with CPT-11/SN-38 combined with DAC, with decreases greater than any single administration of CPT-11, SN-38, or DAC. The extent of CPT-11/SN-38 potentiation by DAC may depend on Bcl-2 expression levels in human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuko Hakata
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Jun Terashima
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Yu Shimoyama
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kouji Okada
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.,Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai-shi, Miyagi 983-8512, Japan
| | - Shiho Fujioka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Erika Ito
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Wataru Habano
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Shogo Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Genetics, School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba-cho, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
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30
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Dong P, Ihira K, Xiong Y, Watari H, Hanley SJB, Yamada T, Hosaka M, Kudo M, Yue J, Sakuragi N. Reactivation of epigenetically silenced miR-124 reverses the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inhibits invasion in endometrial cancer cells via the direct repression of IQGAP1 expression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:20260-70. [PMID: 26934121 PMCID: PMC4991452 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of IQGAP1 and microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation are frequent in human tumors, but little is known about the role of IQGAP1 and its relationship to miRNA in endometrial carcinogenesis. We demonstrate that IQGAP1 activates the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program and that miR-124 directly represses IQGAP1 expression in endometrial cancer (EC) cells. The overexpression of IQGAP1 stimulates EMT features and enhances migration, invasion and proliferation of EC cells, whereas knocking down IQGAP1 expression reverses EMT and inhibits these malignant properties. Using miRNA microarray profiling, we identified 29 miRNAs (let-7b, let-7f, miR-10b, miR-15b, miR-23a, miR-24, miR-25, miR-27a, miR-29b, miR-30a-5p, miR-34a, miR-124, miR-127, miR-130b, miR-148a, miR-155, miR-191*, miR-194, miR-224, miR-362, miR-409-3p, miR-422b, miR-424, miR-453, miR-497, miR-518d, miR-518f*, miR-526a and miR-656) that are significantly down-regulated in an in vitro-selected highly invasive derivative cell line (HEC-50-HI) relative to the parental HEC-50 cells. We further identified miR-124 as a direct regulator of IQGAP1 in EC cells. Enforced expression of miR-124 suppresses EC cell invasion and proliferation. The expression of IQGAP1 mRNA was significantly elevated in EC tissues, while the expression of miR-124 was decreased. The downregulation of miR-124 correlates with a poor survival outcome for patients with EC. Treating EC cells with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine increased miR-124 expression and down-regulated IQGAP1 levels. Our data suggest that IQGAP1 promotes EMT, migration and invasion of EC cells. MiR-124, a novel tumor suppressor miRNA that is epigenetically silenced in EC, can reverse EMT and the invasive properties, by attenuating the expression of the IQGAP1 oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Dong
- Department of Women's Health Educational System, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Ihira
- Department of Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sharon J B Hanley
- Department of Women's Health Educational System, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Women's Health Educational System, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hosaka
- Department of Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masataka Kudo
- Department of Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Noriaki Sakuragi
- Department of Women's Health Educational System, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N15, W7, Sapporo, Japan
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Hosokawa M, Tanaka S, Ueda K, Iwakawa S. Different Schedule-Dependent Effects of Epigenetic Modifiers on Cytotoxicity by Anticancer Drugs in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:2199-2204. [PMID: 28954936 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is currently available on how to apply epigenetic modifiers to current colorectal cancer (CRC) chemotherapy. The purpose of this study is to clarify the schedule-dependent effects of combined treatment with conventional anticancer drugs and epigenetic modifiers in human CRC cells. Cytotoxicity in 4 CRC cell lines (SW480, HT29, SW48, and HCT116) was measured using the WST-8 assay. As epigenetic modifiers, 3 DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors such as decitabine (DAC), azacytidine (AC), and zebularine (Zeb), and 3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors including trichostatin A (TSA), suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), and valproic acid (VPA) were used. Combination effects were analyzed by the isobologram method. SW480 cells showed the lowest sensitivity to the anticancer drugs 5-fluorouracil, SN-38 (the active form of irinotecan), and oxaliplatin. In SW480 cells, epigenetic modifiers other than VPA showed the most significant synergistic effects when used before anticancer drugs, while VPA showed synergistic effects in co- or post-treatment. In the 3 other CRC cells, synergistic effects were less frequent and weaker. The dose of anticancer drugs may be reduced by combining epigenetic modifiers in SW480 cells, which are less sensitive to anticancer drugs, unlike the more sensitive HT29, SW48, and HCT116 cell lines. These results provide useful information for understanding how to incorporate epigenetic modifiers into current CRC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hosokawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kumiko Ueda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Seigo Iwakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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32
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Zhang N, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao M, Tu L, Luo F. Decitabine reverses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small-cell lung cancer by regulating miR-200/ZEB axis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:969-983. [PMID: 28405157 PMCID: PMC5378468 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s129305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial driver of tumor progression. Tumor growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) is an important factor in EMT induction in tumorigenesis. The targeting of EMT may, therefore, represent a promising approach in anticancer treatment. METHODS In this study, we determined the effect of decitabine, a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, on TGF-β1-induced EMT in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PC9 and A549 cells. We also assessed the involvement of the miR-200/ZEB axis. RESULTS Decitabine reversed TGF-β1-induced EMT in PC9 cells, but not in A549 cells. This phenomenon was associated with epigenetic changes in the miR-200 family, which regulated EMT by altering the expression of ZEB1 and ZEB2. TGF-β1 induced aberrant methylation in miR-200 promoters, leading to EMT in PC9 cells. Decitabine attenuated this effect and inhibited tumor cell migration in vitro and in vivo. In A549 cells, however, neither TGF-β1 nor decitabine exhibited an effect on miR-200 promoter methylation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that epigenetic regulation of the miR-200/ZEB axis is responsible for EMT induction by TGF-β1 in PC9 cells. Decitabine inhibits EMT in NSCLC cell PC9 through its epigenetic-based therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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33
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Huang R, Ding Q, Xiang Y, Gu T, Li Y. Corrigendum: Comparative Analysis of DNA Methyltransferase Gene Family in Fungi: A Focus on Basidiomycota. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:123. [PMID: 28167954 PMCID: PMC5289970 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 1556 in vol. 7, PMID: 27818666.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplas Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Qiangqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplas Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yanan Xiang
- Laboratory of Plant Hormone, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplas Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Gu Tingting
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplas Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of ConnecticutStorrs, CT, USA
- Yi Li
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Huang R, Ding Q, Xiang Y, Gu T, Li Y. Comparative Analysis of DNA Methyltransferase Gene Family in Fungi: A Focus on Basidiomycota. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1556. [PMID: 27818666 PMCID: PMC5073141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Mushrooms belonging to the phylum Basidiomycota are highly valued for both nutritional and pharmaceutical uses. A growing number of studies have demonstrated the significance of DNA methylation in the development of plants and animals. However, our understanding of DNA methylation in mushrooms is limited. In this study, we identified and conducted comprehensive analyses on DNA methyltransferases (DNMtases) in representative species from Basidiomycota and Ascomycota, and obtained new insights into their classification and characterization in fungi. Our results revealed that DNMtases in basidiomycetes can be divided into two classes, the Dnmt1 class and the newly defined Rad8 class. We also demonstrated that the fusion event between the characteristic domains of the DNMtases family and Snf2 family in the Rad8 class is fungi-specific, possibly indicating a functional novelty of Rad8 DNMtases in fungi. Additionally, expression profiles of DNMtases in the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus revealed diverse expression patterns in various organs and developmental stages. For example, DNMtase genes displayed higher expression levels in dikaryons than in monokaryons. Consistent with the expression profiles, we found that dikaryons are more susceptible to the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine. Taken together, our findings pinpoint an important role of DNA methylation during the growth of mushrooms and provide a foundation for understanding of DNMtases in basidiomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Qiangqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yanan Xiang
- Laboratory of Plant Hormone, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Tingting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing, China
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of ConnecticutStorrs, CT, USA
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Abstract
The past 15 years have seen an explosion of discoveries related to the cellular regulation of phenotypes through epigenetic mechanisms. This regulation provides a software that packages DNA, without changing the primary base sequence, to establish heritable patterns of gene expression. In cancer, many aspects of the epigenome, controlled by DNA methylation, chromatin, and nucleosome positioning, are altered as one means by which tumor cells maintain abnormal states of self-renewal at the expense of normal maturation. Epigenetic and genetic abnormalities thus collaborate in cancer initiation and progression, as exemplified by frequent mutations in genes encoding proteins that control the epigenome. There is growing emphasis on using epigenetic therapies to reprogram neoplastic cells toward a normal state. Many agents targeting epigenetic regulation are under development and entering clinical trials. This review highlights the promise that epigenetic therapy, often in combination with other therapies, will become a potent tool for cancer management over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nita Ahuja
- Cancer Biology Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287;
| | - Anup R Sharma
- Cancer Biology Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287;
| | - Stephen B Baylin
- Cancer Biology Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287;
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Abstract
The hypomethylating agents (HMA) azacitidine and decitabine are both approved by the FDA for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Although heralded as a significant advancement, HMA lead to responses in less than half of patients and for those that respond most will relapse. As such, there is a crucial need to improve frontline therapy approaches. One promising strategy involves combining azacitidine or decitabine with investigational or existing therapies with the goal of achieving synergistic activity and better patient outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the efficacy and safety of reported HMA-based combination regimens in patients with higher-risk MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ball
- a Department of Medicine (Hematology) , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Amer Zeidan
- a Department of Medicine (Hematology) , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Steven D Gore
- a Department of Medicine (Hematology) , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Thomas Prebet
- a Department of Medicine (Hematology) , Yale School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
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37
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Liu M, Ohtani H, Zhou W, Ørskov AD, Charlet J, Zhang YW, Shen H, Baylin SB, Liang G, Grønbæk K, Jones PA. Vitamin C increases viral mimicry induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10238-44. [PMID: 27573823 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1612262113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C deficiency is found in patients with cancer and might complicate various therapy paradigms. Here we show how this deficiency may influence the use of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) for treatment of hematological neoplasias. In vitro, when vitamin C is added at physiological levels to low doses of the DNMTi 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR), there is a synergistic inhibition of cancer-cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. These effects are associated with enhanced immune signals including increased expression of bidirectionally transcribed endogenous retrovirus (ERV) transcripts, increased cytosolic dsRNA, and activation of an IFN-inducing cellular response. This synergistic effect is likely the result of both passive DNA demethylation by DNMTi and active conversion of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) by ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes at LTR regions of ERVs, because vitamin C acts as a cofactor for TET proteins. In addition, TET2 knockout reduces the synergy between the two compounds. Furthermore, we show that many patients with hematological neoplasia are markedly vitamin C deficient. Thus, our data suggest that correction of vitamin C deficiency in patients with hematological and other cancers may improve responses to epigenetic therapy with DNMTis.
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Mizuguchi Y, Saiki Y, Horii A, Fukushige S. Targeted TET oxidase activity through methyl-CpG-binding domain extensively suppresses cancer cell proliferation. Cancer Med 2016; 5:2522-33. [PMID: 27457352 PMCID: PMC5055179 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors are epigenetic drugs used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome. They not only induce DNA demethylation but also have significant cytostatic and cytotoxic effects; however, the relationships between these characteristics have not been established yet due to the lack of a method to induce only DNA demethylation. Herein, we show that a fusion protein comprised of the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) and the catalytic domain of Ten-eleven translocation protein 1 (TET1-CD) globally demethylates and upregulates a number of methylated genes. These upregulated genes frequently contained CpG islands (CGIs) within ± 1000 bp of the transcription start site (TSS). Interestingly, 65% of the genes upregulated fivefold or more by MBD-TET1-CDwt were also reactivated after treatment with a DNMT inhibitor, 5-azacytidine (Aza-CR), suggesting that gene reactivation by both methods primarily shares the same mechanism, DNA demethylation. In order to examine whether DNA demethylation affects the growth of cancer cells, we have established a tetracycline inducible system that can regulate the expression of MBD-TET1-CDwt in a prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP. The induction of MBD-TET1-CDwt demethylated and upregulated glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1), one of the hypermethylated genes in prostate cancer. In accordance with the reactivation of methylated genes, induction of MBD-TET1-CDwt extensively suppressed the growth of LNCaP cells through G1/S arrest. These results clearly indicate that TET oxidase activity recruited at methyl-CpG sites through MBD induces reactivation of hypermethylated genes by DNA demethylation and allows us to analyze the effect of only global DNA demethylation in a wide variety of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Mizuguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuriko Saiki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Horii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Fukushige
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. .,Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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Abstract
Immunotherapy confers durable clinical benefit to melanoma, lung, and kidney cancer patients. Challengingly, most other solid tumors, including ovarian carcinoma, are not particularly responsive to immunotherapy, so combination with a complementary therapy may be beneficial. Recent findings suggest that epigenetic modifying drugs can prime antitumor immunity by increasing expression of tumor-associated antigens, chemokines, and activating ligands by cancer cells as well as cytokines by immune cells. This review, drawing from both preclinical and clinical data, describes some of the mechanisms of action that enable DNA methyltransferase inhibitors to facilitate the establishment of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Saleh
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Goldberg
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chen M, Zhang W, Shao CL, Chi ZM, Wang CY. DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor Induced Fungal Biosynthetic Products: Diethylene Glycol Phthalate Ester Oligomers from the Marine-Derived Fungus Cochliobolus lunatus. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2016; 18:409-417. [PMID: 27245469 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical epigenetic manipulation was applied to the marine-derived fungus Cochliobolus lunatus (TA26-46) with a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor resulting in the significant changes of the secondary metabolites. Cultivation of C. lunatus (TA26-46) with 5-azacytidine led to the isolation of seven new diethylene glycol phthalate esters, cochphthesters A-G (1-6, 10), along with four known analogues (7-9, 11). Their structures were determined by extensive NMR spectroscopic spectra as well as MS data. Compounds 2-6 and 8-11, characterized by the cross-polymerization of phthalate across diethylene glycol via ester bonds, represent the first example of naturally occurring phthalate ester oligomers. Graphical Abstract Chemical epigenetic manipulation was applied to a marine-derived fungus resulting in significant changes of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- UNESCO Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Gene Resource Exploitation (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
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Anders NM, Liu J, Wanjiku T, Giovinazzo H, Zhou J, Vaghasia A, Nelson WG, Yegnasubramanian S, Rudek MA. Simultaneous quantitative determination of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine genomic incorporation and DNA demethylation by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry as exposure-response measures of nucleoside analog DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1022:38-45. [PMID: 27082761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic and anti-cancer activities of the nucleoside analog DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors decitabine (5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, DAC), azacitidine, and guadecitabine are thought to require cellular uptake, metabolism to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine triphosphate, and incorporation into DNA. This genomic incorporation can then lead to trapping and degradation of DNMT enzymes, and ultimately, passive loss of DNA methylation. To facilitate measurement of critical exposure-response relationships of nucleoside analog DNMT inhibitors, a sensitive and reliable method was developed to simultaneously quantitate 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine genomic incorporation and genomic 5-methylcytosine content using LC-MS/MS. Genomic DNA was extracted and digested into single nucleosides. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a Thermo Hyperpcarb porous graphite column (100mm×2.1mm, 5μm) and isocratic elution with a 10mM ammonium acetate:acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid (70:30, v/v) mobile phase over a 5min total analytical run time. An AB Sciex 5500 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive electrospray ionization mode was used for the detection of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, 2'-deoxycytidine, and 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine. The assay range was 2-400ng/mL for 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, 50-10,000ng/mL for 2'-deoxycytidine, and was 5-1000ng/mL for 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine. The assay proved to be accurate (93.0-102.2%) and precise (CV≤6.3%) across all analytes. All analytes exhibited long-term frozen digest matrix stability at -70°C for at least 117 days. The method was applied for the measurement of genomic 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine content following exposure of in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models to decitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Anders
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA
| | - Jianyong Liu
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA
| | - Teresia Wanjiku
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA
| | - Hugh Giovinazzo
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA
| | - Jianya Zhou
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA; Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Ajay Vaghasia
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA
| | - William G Nelson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA; Brady Urological Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA; Brady Urological Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA.
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231 USA.
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Juo YY, Gong XJ, Mishra A, Cui X, Baylin SB, Azad NS, Ahuja N. Epigenetic therapy for solid tumors: from bench science to clinical trials. Epigenomics 2015; 7:215-35. [PMID: 25942532 DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer epigenome is characterized by global DNA methylation and chromatin changes, such as the hypermethylation of specific CpG island promoters. Epigenetic agents like DNA methyltransferase or histone deacetylase inhibitors induce phenotype changes by reactivation of epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes. Despite initial promise in hematologic malignancies, epigenetic agents have not shown significant efficacy as monotherapy against solid tumors. Recent trials showed that epigenetic agents exert favorable modifier effects when combined with chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or other epigenetic agents. Due to the novel nature of their mechanism, it is important to reconsider the optimal patient selection, drug regimen, study design, and outcome measures when pursuing future trials in order to discover the full potential of this new therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yi Juo
- Department of Surgery, George Washington University Medical Center, 2150 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Suite 6B, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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43
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Anders NM, Wanjiku TM, He P, Azad NS, Rudek MA. A robust and rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitative analysis of 5-azacytidine. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 30:494-6. [PMID: 26174363 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine is being evaluated clinically as an oral formulation to treat various solid tumors. A sensitive, reliable method was developed to quantitate 5-azacytidine using LC-MS/MS to perform detailed pharmacokinetic studies. The drug of interest was extracted from plasma using Oasis MCX ion exchange solid-phase extraction 96-well plates. Chromatographic separation was achieved with a YMC J'sphere M80 C18 column and isocratic elution with a methanol-water-formic acid (15:85:0.1, v/v/v) mobile phase over a 7 min total analytical run time. An AB Sciex 5500 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operated in positive electrospray ionization mode was used for the detection of 5-azacytidine. The assay range was 5-500 ng/mL and proved to be accurate (97.8-109.1%) and precise (CV ≤ 9.8%). Tetrahydrouridine was used to stabilize 5-azacytidine in blood/plasma samples. With the addition of tetrahydrouridine, long-term frozen plasma stability for 5-azacytidine at -70°C has been determined for at least 323 days. The method was applied for the measurement of total plasma concentrations of 5-azacytidine in a cancer patient receiving a 300 mg oral daily dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Anders
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Teresia M Wanjiku
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ping He
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nilofer S Azad
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. Recently, interest has grown in the role of epigenetics in breast cancer development and progression. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs emerged as novel biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. This review focuses on the most recent mechanistic findings underlying epigenetic changes in breast cancer development and their role as predictors of breast cancer risk. The rapid progress in our understanding of epigenetic findings in breast cancer has opened new avenues for potential therapeutic approaches via identification of epigenetic targets. We highlight the development of novel epigenetically targeted drugs, relevant clinical trials in breast cancer patients, and recent approaches combining epigenetic agents with chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy that may incrementally improve long-term outcomes in appropriately selected breast cancer patients. Biomarkers of response are needed, however, to identify patient subsets that are most likely to benefit from epigenetic treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Katz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, The Women's Cancer Research Center , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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45
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van Kampen JGM, Marijnissen-van Zanten MAJ, Simmer F, van der Graaf WTA, Ligtenberg MJL, Nagtegaal ID. Epigenetic targeting in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:656-64. [PMID: 24433955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients is very poor, with a 5-year survival of less than 6%. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic options in pancreatic cancer. In the past years it became evident that deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms plays an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the exploitation of drugs that alter histone modifications, DNA methylation and microRNA expression as options for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn G M van Kampen
- Department of Pathology 824, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Urology 267, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Femke Simmer
- Department of Pathology 824, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Winette T A van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology 452, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolijn J L Ligtenberg
- Department of Pathology 824, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics 855, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Iris D Nagtegaal
- Department of Pathology 824, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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46
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Rahn EJ, Guzman-Karlsson MC, David Sweatt J. Cellular, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms in non-associative conditioning: implications for pain and memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 105:133-50. [PMID: 23796633 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sensitization is a form of non-associative conditioning in which amplification of behavioral responses can occur following presentation of an aversive or noxious stimulus. Understanding the cellular and molecular underpinnings of sensitization has been an overarching theme spanning the field of learning and memory as well as that of pain research. In this review we examine how sensitization, both in the context of learning as well as pain processing, shares evolutionarily conserved behavioral, cellular/synaptic, and epigenetic mechanisms across phyla. First, we characterize the behavioral phenomenon of sensitization both in invertebrates and vertebrates. Particular emphasis is placed on long-term sensitization (LTS) of withdrawal reflexes in Aplysia following aversive stimulation or injury, although additional invertebrate models are also covered. In the context of vertebrates, sensitization of mammalian hyperarousal in a model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as mammalian models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain is characterized. Second, we investigate the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying these behaviors. We focus our discussion on serotonin-mediated long-term facilitation (LTF) and axotomy-mediated long-term hyperexcitability (LTH) in reduced Aplysia systems, as well as mammalian spinal plasticity mechanisms of central sensitization. Third, we explore recent evidence implicating epigenetic mechanisms in learning- and pain-related sensitization. This review illustrates the fundamental and functional overlay of the learning and memory field with the pain field which argues for homologous persistent plasticity mechanisms in response to sensitizing stimuli or injury across phyla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Rahn
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J B Derissen
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Datta J, Ghoshal K, Motiwala T, Jacob ST. Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of Action of DNA Hypomethylating Agents: Role of Protein Kinase C δ in Decitabine-Induced Degradation of DNA Methyltransferase 1. Genes Cancer 2012; 3:71-81. [PMID: 22893792 DOI: 10.1177/1947601912452665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated proteasomal degradation of DNMT1 in mammalian cells following treatment with several DNA hypomethylating agents. Here, we demonstrate dose-dependent degradation of Dnmt1 in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells expressing catalytic site mutant (cys-ser), confirming that the covalent bond formation between Dnmt1 and decitabine-incorporated DNA is not essential for this process. DNMT1o, the oocyte-specific isoform that lacks the N-terminal 118-amino acid domain, did not undergo decitabine-mediated degradation, which further proves the requirement of multiple domains including nuclear localization signal, KEN box, and BAH domains for this process. Analysis of glycerol density gradient fractions of micrococcal nuclease-digested nuclei showed that both nucleosomal and nucleoplasmic DNMT1 are degraded upon decitabine treatment. Among different inhibitors tested, the inhibitors of the proteasomal pathway and several protein kinases impeded decitabine-induced DNMT1 degradation. The maximal effect caused by inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) persuaded us to investigate further its role in decitabine-mediated DNMT1 degradation. Blockage of the degradation process after treatment with rottlerin, an inhibitor of PKCδ, or after siRNA-mediated depletion of PKCδ, indicated that this protein kinase is involved in decitabine-mediated depletion of DNMT1. PKCδ interacted with and phosphorylated DNMT1 in vitro. Moreover, rottlerin inhibited both basal and decitabine-induced phosphorylation of DNMT1. These studies provide substantial evidence that decitabine-induced degradation of the maintenance methyltransferase DNMT1 does not require covalent bond formation with the substrate and also elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jharna Datta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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49
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Saba HI. Decitabine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2007; 3:807-17. [PMID: 18473005 PMCID: PMC2376088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are challenging to treat, given the advanced median age and comorbidities of the population. For most patients, the standard therapy is supportive care, including broad-spectrum antibiotics, red blood cell/platelet transfusions, and growth factors. Decitabine, a hypomethylating agent that allows for the re-expression of tumor suppressor genes, represents an exciting new treatment option for MDS patients. In phase 2 and 3 studies, decitabine has been associated with durable responses in MDS patients and delayed time to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation or death compared with supportive care. Decitabine has been shown to be well tolerated with a toxicity profile expected for this class of agent. Recent studies also suggest that lower dose schedules of decitabine may result in additional improvements in response. As more is learned about the mechanism of hypomethylating agents, new roles are emerging for decitabine in combination therapy for MDS and in other hematologic malignancies such as AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain I Saba
- Professor of Medicine, Malignant Hematology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, James A. Haley Veterans Hospital at the University of South Florida College of Medicine Tampa, Florida, USA
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