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Burucúa MM, Risalde MA, Cheuquepán FA, Quintana S, Pérez SE, Cantón GJ, Moore DP, Odeón AC, Agulló-Ros I, Scioli MV, Barbeito C, Morrell EL, Marín MS. Transplacental infection by bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 induces protein expression of COX-2, iNOS and inflammatory cytokines in fetal lungs and placentas. Vet Microbiol 2023; 287:109912. [PMID: 37952263 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoAHV-1) is associated with respiratory and reproductive syndromes. Until present the immunologic mechanisms involved in BoAHV-1 abortion are partially known. We studied key elements of the innate immune response in the placentas and fetal lungs from cattle experimentally-inoculated with BoAHV-1. These tissues were analyzed by histopathology. Furthermore, virus identification was performed by qPCR and the expression of the inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1-alpha and inflammatory mediators like inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxeganse-2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The viral transplacental infection was confirmed by the detection of BoAHV-1 by qPCR in the placenta and fetal organs, which revealed mild inflammatory lesions. Inducible nitric oxide synthase immunolabelling was high in the lungs of infected fetuses and placentas, as well as for tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the pulmonary parenchyma and cyclooxeganse-2 in fetal annexes. However, the expression of interleukin 1-alpha was weak in these organs. To our knowledge, this is the first study that provides strong evidence of an early immune response to BoAHV-1 infection in the conceptus. Advances in the knowledge of the complex immunological interactions at the feto-maternal unit during BoAHV-1 infection are needed to clarify the pathogenesis of abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes M Burucúa
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), INTA-CONICET, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A Risalde
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Felipe A Cheuquepán
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), INTA-CONICET, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Quintana
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (IIPROSAM), FCEyN, UNMDP-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra E Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Veterinarias de Tandil (CIVETAN) - CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Germán J Cantón
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), INTA-CONICET, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dadin P Moore
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), INTA-CONICET, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNMdP, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anselmo C Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNMdP, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Agulló-Ros
- Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación GISAZ, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María Valeria Scioli
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), INTA-CONICET, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eleonora L Morrell
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), INTA-CONICET, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Maia S Marín
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS Balcarce), INTA-CONICET, Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Aktas MS, Eren E, Kucukler S, Eroglu MS, Ilgun M, Yanar KE, Aydin O. Investigation of haematological, inflammatory and immunological response in naturally infected cattle with Theileria annulata. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e13002. [PMID: 37461131 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate haematological, pro-inflammatory, inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and immunological responses in naturally Theileria annulata-infected cattle. The study material consisted of 25 Simmental cattle, 2-4 years of age, one of which was a control group consisting of healthy animals (Control group, n = 10), and the other was a Theileria group that include animals positive for Theileria annulata (Theileria group, n = 15). Haematological analysis (red blood cell [RBC], haemoglobin [HGB], haematocrit [HCT]), pro-inflammatory (tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], nuclear factor kappa B [NF-ĸB] and interleukin-1 beta, [IL-1β]), inflammatory (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR]), anti-inflammatory (interleukin-10 [IL-10]) and antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) analyses were performed by using ELISA kit from blood samples. It was found that the rectal temperature of the Theileria group was found to be significantly higher (p < .001) than that of the control group. Haematological and biochemical analysis revealed that the RBC and HGB count and HCT percentage decreased (p < .001), while NF-ĸB (p < .001), TNF-α (p = .002), IL-1β (p < .001), IL-10 (p = .012), NLR (p < .001) and CAMP (p = .037) levels increased in Theileria group compared to the control group. There was a strong correlation between NF-ĸB and TNF-α, NF-ĸB and IL-10, NLR and IL-1β, NF-ĸB and CAMP, TNF-α and CAMP and IL-10 and CAMP. As a result of this study, it was revealed that a pro-inflammatory and immunological response also occurs along with the anti-inflammatory response in the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sinan Aktas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emre Eren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Sertac Eroglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Ilgun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kerim Emre Yanar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Omer Aydin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Cuesta LM, Verna A, Pérez S. Modulation of granzymes mRNA expression in neural tissue of BoAHV-1 and BoAHV-5-infected cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 260:110610. [PMID: 37196596 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesviruses (BoAHV)-1 and 5 are neurotropic viruses of cattle which differ in their neuropathogenic potential. BoAHV-5 is responsible for non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in calves while BoAHV-1 can occasionally cause encephalitis. Granzymes (GZMs) are serine-proteases that participate in CD8+ T cells-mediated killing of virally-infected cells upon release through perforin (PFN)-formed pores in the cell membrane. Recently, six GZMs have been identified in cattle (A, B, K, H, M and O). However, their expression in bovine tissues has not been evaluated. In this study, the mRNA expression levels of PFN and GZMs A, B, K, H and M in the nervous system of calves experimentally-inoculated with BoAHV-1 or BoAHV-5 were analyzed at the three distinct stages of the infectious cycle of alphaherpesviruses: acute infection, latency and reactivation. This is the first report describing the expression of GZMs in bovine neural tissue and the first analysis of GZM expression in the context of bovine alphaherpesviruses neuropathogenesis. The findings revealed that PFN and GZM K are upregulated during BoAHV-1 or BoAHV-5 acute infection. In contrast to BoAHV-1, during BoAHV-5 latency a significant up-regulation of PFN, GZM K and GZM H was detected. PFN and GZM A, K and H expression was also up-regulated during BoAHV-5 reactivation. Therefore, a distinct pattern of PFN and GZM expression is evident along the infectious cycle of each alphaherpesvirus and this might contribute to the differences in BoAHV-1 and BoAHV-5 neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Martínez Cuesta
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - Andrea Verna
- Área de Producción Animal, Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible (IPADS, CONICET-INTA), Ruta Nacional 226 km 73,5, Balcarce, 7620 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil 7000, Argentina.
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Righi C, Franzoni G, Feliziani F, Jones C, Petrini S. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Infection and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040785. [PMID: 37112697 PMCID: PMC10144493 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the major respiratory pathogens in cattle worldwide. Infection often leads to a compromised host immune response that contributes to the development of the polymicrobial disease known as “bovine respiratory disease”. After an initial transient phase of immunosuppression, cattle recover from the disease. This is due to the development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. With respect to adaptive immunity, both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are required to control infection. Thus, several BoHV-1 vaccines are designed to trigger both branches of the adaptive immune system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cell-mediated immune responses directed against BoHV-1 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Clinton Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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5
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Microscopic lesions and modulation of gene expression in cervical medulla during BoAHV-1and BoAHV-5 infection: A mini-review. Res Vet Sci 2023; 156:81-87. [PMID: 36791580 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus (BoAHV) types 1 and 5 are closely-related neurotropic alpha-herpesviruses. BoAHV-1 generally causes respiratory and genital disease but can occasionally cause encephalitis. BoAHV-5 is the causative agent of non suppurative meningoencephalitis in calves. During neuroinvasion, both viruses reach the central and peripheral nervous system. While brain alterations are well-described, the changes that occur in the medulla have not been fully detailed. In this work, we integrated and analyzed the virological findings, the microscopic lesions and the changes that occur in the expression of genes related to the innate immunity, cell cycle and apoptosis in the cervical medulla of calves experimentally-infected with BoAHV-1 and BoAHV-5. This will contribute to the understanding of the differential neuropathogenesis of these alpha-herpesviruses of cattle.
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Martínez Cuesta L, Nieto Farías MV, Romeo F, Verna A, Pérez S. Expression of apoptosis-related genes at different stages of BoHV-1 and 5 infection of bovine neural tissue. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Rosales J, Nieto Farías M, Burucúa M, Marin M, Pérez S. Infection by bovine alphaherpesvirus types 1 and 5 induces IFN-λ3 expression in neuronal-type cells and bovine neural tissues. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 245:110391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Multipopulational transcriptome analysis of post-weaned beef cattle at arrival further validates candidate biomarkers for predicting clinical bovine respiratory disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23877. [PMID: 34903778 PMCID: PMC8669006 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) remains the leading infectious disease in post-weaned beef cattle. The objective of this investigation was to contrast the at-arrival blood transcriptomes from cattle derived from two distinct populations that developed BRD in the 28 days following arrival versus cattle that did not. Forty-eight blood samples from two populations were selected for mRNA sequencing based on even distribution of development (n = 24) or lack of (n = 24) clinical BRD within 28 days following arrival; cattle which developed BRD were further stratified into BRD severity cohorts based on frequency of antimicrobial treatment: treated once (treated_1) or treated twice or more and/or died (treated_2+). Sequenced reads (~ 50 M/sample, 150 bp paired-end) were aligned to the ARS-UCD1.2 bovine genome assembly. One hundred and thirty-two unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between groups stratified by disease severity (healthy, n = 24; treated_1, n = 13; treated_2+, n = 11) with edgeR (FDR ≤ 0.05). Differentially expressed genes in treated_1 relative to both healthy and treated_2+ were predicted to increase neutrophil activation, cellular cornification/keratinization, and antimicrobial peptide production. Differentially expressed genes in treated_2+ relative to both healthy and treated_1 were predicted to increase alternative complement activation, decrease leukocyte activity, and increase nitric oxide production. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated from expression data for six DEGs identified in our current and previous studies (MARCO, CFB, MCF2L, ALOX15, LOC100335828 (aka CD200R1), and SLC18A2) demonstrated good-to-excellent (AUC: 0.800–0.899; ≥ 0.900) predictability for classifying disease occurrence and severity. This investigation identifies candidate biomarkers and functional mechanisms in at arrival blood that predicted development and severity of BRD.
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Maldonado Rivera JE, Hecker YP, Burucúa MM, Cirone KM, Cheuquepán FA, Fiorani F, Dorsch MA, Colque LA, Cantón GJ, Marin MS, Moore DP. Innate and humoral immune parameters at delivery in colostrum and calves from heifers experimentally infected with Neospora caninum. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:53-59. [PMID: 33545625 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a leading cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. The study of the immune response against N. caninum is critical to understand its epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and, ultimately, in preventing and controlling bovine neosporosis. Herein, we determined the gene expression of innate immune components endosomal RNA-sensing TLRs, BMAP28 cathelicidin, TNF-α and IL-10 and characterized the variation in both IgG ratio and avidity at delivery in N. caninum-infected heifers challenged at day 210 of gestation, colostrum and their calves. Increased BMAP28 expression was observed not only in colostrum but also in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and umbilical cord of calves from N. caninum-infected heifers in comparison with mock-infected control group. In addition, statistically significant decrease of TLR7 and IL-10 expression levels were observed in umbilical cord, suggesting an attempt to avoid an exacerbated immune response against the parasite. At delivery, serum and colostrum samples from infected group evidenced specific IgG anti-N. caninum. Infected heifers showed IgG1/IgG2 ratios <1 and high avidity specific IgG. As expected, colostrum samples of these animals exhibited a high IgG1 concentration and elevated avidity values. Three out of four calves from N. caninum-infected heifers had specific IgG with IgG1/IgG2 ratios>1 and lower avidity values before colostrum intake. Interestingly, both IgG1/IgG2 ratios and avidity values increased in seropositive calves after colostrum intake. Overall, this study provides novel information on neonatal immunity in congenitally infected calves, which is essential to understand how the immune pathways could be manipulated or immune components could be employed in order to improve protection against neosporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Maldonado Rivera
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Argentina; Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Y P Hecker
- Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), Argentina
| | - M M Burucúa
- Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), Argentina
| | - K M Cirone
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Argentina; National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Argentina
| | - F A Cheuquepán
- Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), Argentina
| | - F Fiorani
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Argentina; Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), Argentina
| | - M A Dorsch
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - L A Colque
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Argentina; National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Argentina
| | - G J Cantón
- National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Argentina
| | - M S Marin
- Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), Argentina
| | - D P Moore
- Faculty of Agrarian Sciences, National University of Mar del Plata, Argentina; Institute of Innovation for Agricultural Production and Sustainable Development (IPADS Balcarce), Argentina.
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Bassel LL, Tabatabaei S, Caswell JL. Host Tolerance to Infection with the Bacteria that Cause Bovine Respiratory Disease. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:349-359. [PMID: 32451029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calves vary considerably in their pathologic and clinical responses to infection of the lung with bacteria. The reasons may include resistance to infection because of pre-existing immunity, development of effective immune responses, or infection with a minimally virulent bacterial strain. However, studies of natural disease and of experimental infections indicate that some calves develop only mild lung lesions and minimal clinical signs despite substantial numbers of pathogenic bacteria in the lung. This may represent "tolerance" to pulmonary infection because these calves are able to control their inflammatory responses or protect the lung from damage, without necessarily eliminating bacterial infection. Conversely, risk factors might predispose to bovine respiratory disease by triggering a loss of tolerance that results in a harmful inflammatory and tissue-damaging response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Bassel
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Saeid Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jeff L Caswell
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Burucúa MM, Pérez SE, Odeón AC, Cobo ER, Quintana S, Marin MS. Cathelicidin bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP) 28 is involved in the inflammatory response against alpha-herpesviruses in the bovine nervous system. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:148-155. [PMID: 32361417 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of the local innate immune response in the neuropathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus (BoHV) type 1 and 5 remains largely unknown. This study determined the gene transcriptional expression of relevant bovine cathelicidins, TNFα and IFNβ in the nervous system of experimentally-infected cattle during the different stages of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infectious cycle. We studied the modulation of bovine myeloid antimicrobial peptide (BMAP) 27 and 28 by alpha-herpesviruses during acute infection of the central nervous system (CNS). However, BMAP28 was the main cathelicidin modulated. BoHV-5 supressed BMAP28 expression mainly in frontal cortex and cervical medulla whereas BoHV-1 slightly induced the expression of cathelicidins in the olfactory and posterior cortex. The differences in the regulation of the innate response are likely related to distinct replication rates of both alpha-herpesviruses in the CNS. During latency and reactivation, BoHV-1 and -5 decreased BMAP28 and BMAP27 expression, accompanied by high levels of TNFα and IFNβ transcripts in the posterior brain region and medulla during BoHV reactivation. In terms of cytokines, a remarkably overexpression of IFNβ was induced by BoHV-5 (133.8-fold). In trigeminal ganglion (TG) both alpha-herpesviruses induced cathelidicins gene expression at all stages of the infection cycle, while only acute BoHV-5 infection increased TNFα (129-fold) mRNA levels. This study suggests that the pronounced downregulation of BMAP28 in BoHV-5-acutely-infected CNS is due to a decreased immune stimulation during viral infection, favouring its establishment in the CNS with a low replication rate until latency. Thus, cathelicidins, together with IFNβ and TNFα, are differentially regulated by BoHV-5 and BoHV-1 infections and this regulation is dependent on the stage of virus infection in the bovine nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Burucúa
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S E Pérez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, CIVETAN, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil 7000, Argentina
| | - A C Odeón
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E R Cobo
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - S Quintana
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UNMDP, Funes, 3350, (7600) Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M S Marin
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Marin M, Burucúa M, Rensetti D, Rosales JJ, Odeón A, Pérez S. Distinctive features of bovine alphaherpesvirus types 1 and 5 and the virus-host interactions that might influence clinical outcomes. Arch Virol 2019; 165:285-301. [PMID: 31845150 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are two closely related alphaherpesviruses. BoHV-1 causes several syndromes in cattle, including respiratory disease and sporadic cases of encephalitis, whereas BoHV-5 is responsible for meningoencephalitis in calves. Although both viruses are neurotropic, they differ in their neuropathogenic potential. This review summarizes the findings on the specific mechanisms and pathways known to modulate the pathogenesis of BoHV-1 and BoHV-5, particularly in relation to respiratory and neurological syndromes, which characterize BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 infections, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Marin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Burucúa
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Rensetti
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Juan José Rosales
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina.,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - Anselmo Odeón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5, Balcarce, 7620, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina. .,Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, 7000, Tandil, Argentina.
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Marin M, Burucúa M, Rensetti D, Rosales JJ, Odeón A, Pérez S. Differential expression of cyclins mRNA in neural tissues of BoHV-1- and BoHV-5- infected cattle. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103691. [PMID: 31445121 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) are closely related alphaherpesviruses. BoHV-5 causes non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in calves. BoHV-1 is associated with several syndromes and, occasionally, can cause encephalitis. Although both viruses are neurotropic and they share similar biological properties, it is unknown why these alphaherpesviruses differ in their ability to cause neurological disease. Neural tissue samples were collected from BoHV-1- and BoHV-5-intranasally inoculated calves during acute infection, latency and reactivation and the levels of cyclins mRNA expression were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Striking differences in the levels of cyclins mRNA were particularly detected in trigeminal ganglion (TG). The expression levels of cyclins in TG during BoHV-5 latency suggest that these viruses utilize different strategies to persist in the host. It is apparent that a relationship between virus loads and cyclin mRNA levels can be established only during acute infection and other factors might be involved in the regulation of cell cycle components during BoHV latency and reactivation. Bovine alphaherpesviruses neuropathogenicity might be influenced by the differential control of cell cycle components by these herpesviruses. This is the first report on BoHV-5 modulation of cyclins expression in neural tissues from its natural host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Marin
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Burucúa
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Rensetti
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil, 7000, Argentina
| | - Juan José Rosales
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil, 7000, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil, 7000, Argentina
| | - Anselmo Odeón
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, Ruta 226 Km 73.5 (7620), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil, 7000, Argentina; Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Paraje Arroyo Seco S/N, Tandil, 7000, Argentina.
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