Kumar M, Bishnoi RS, Shukla AK, Jain CP. Development and optimization of drug-loaded nanoemulsion system by phase inversion temperature (PIT) method using Box-Behnken design.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021;
47:977-989. [PMID:
34278910 DOI:
10.1080/03639045.2021.1957920]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present investigation was to develop a stable and optimized drug-loaded nanoemulsion system using the phase inversion temperature (PIT) method.
SIGNIFICANCE
The PIT method has been widely used for the development of food-grade nanoemulsion systems. For the first time, a simple and cost-effective, PIT method was used for the development of a stable drug-loaded nanoemulsion system.
METHODS
Box-Behnken experimental design was used for the development of an optimized drug-loaded nanoemulsion system by the PIT method. The independent variables were optimized for responses by using the desirability function. The hydrophobic drug, benidipine was used as a modal drug. Optimized oil phase (blend of long-chain triglycerides oil, medium-chain triglycerides oil and essential oil) was used for the development of oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsion system.
RESULTS
Optimum nanoemulsion formulation was stable, transparent and contained 50% of oil to surfactant percentage with a droplet size of 96.57 ± 1.61 nm. The optimum formulation also showed higher in-vitro drug diffusion from dialysis membrane as compared to the marketed formulation. Nanoemulsion droplets were observed as spherical in the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Box-Behnken statistical analysis revealed that all the independent variables had a significant impact on characteristics of nanoemulsion and the predicated value of independent variables was found to be valid.
CONCLUSION
It was concluded that the PIT method produces a stable and efficient drug-loaded nanoemulsion system. Further, the optimized oil phase can be used as an alternative to costly, commercial medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) oils, for the development of a stable nanoemulsion system.
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