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Enríquez-Palacios E, Robledo-Patiño AV, Zelada-Guillén GA. Zn-Salphen Acrylic Films Powered by Aggregation-Induced Enhanced Emission for Sensing Applications. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1903-1912. [PMID: 37665511 PMCID: PMC11249402 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Zn(II) complexes possess attractive characteristics for supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, and optoelectronic applications, while Zn-Salphen counterparts are also suitable as chemical sensors, although limited by solution-based to date. In this study, we report the synthesis of new polymers from methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and a non-symmetrical Zn-Salphen complex. We show that this low-fluorescent complex exhibits aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) properties and that, the incorporation of AIEE complexes into a polymeric matrix make it possible to achieve fluorescent films with enhanced fluorescence suitable for sensing applications. As a proof of concept, these films could detect acetic acid, showing a decrease of up to 73% in the original fluorescence. Host/guest studies showed a subtle disruption of the emission in aggregates upon treatment with anion guests. These results indicate that an interaction between the guest and Zn-Salphen complex may occur, stabilizing or destabilizing the complex and causing a concomitant increase or decrease in emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Enríquez-Palacios
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Ana Victoria Robledo-Patiño
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A Zelada-Guillén
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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2
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Lewis Acidic Zinc(II) Complexes of Tetradentate Ligands as Building Blocks for Responsive Assembled Supramolecular Structures. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents representative examples illustrating how the Lewis acidic character of the Zn(II) metal center in Zn(salen)-type complexes, as well as in complexes of other tetradentate ligands, and the nature of the medium govern their supramolecular aggregation, leading to the formation of a variety of supramolecular structures, either in solution or in the solid state. Stabilization of these Lewis acidic complexes is almost always reached through an axial coordination of a Lewis base, leading to a penta-coordinated square-pyramidal geometry around the metal center. The coverage is not exhaustive, mainly focused on their crystallographic structures, but also on their aggregation and sensing properties in solution, and on their self-assembled and responsive nanostructures, summarizing their salient aspects. The axial ligands can easily be displaced, either in solution or in the solid state, with suitable Lewis bases, thus being responsive supramolecular structures useful for sensing. This contribution represents the first attempt to relate some common features of the chemistry of different families of Zn(II) complexes of tetradentate ligands to their intrinsic Lewis acidic character.
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Di Bella S. Lewis acidic zinc(II) salen-type Schiff-base complexes: sensing properties and responsive nanostructures. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:6050-6063. [PMID: 33876173 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00949d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this frontier article some peculiar characteristics of Zn(salen)-type Schiff-base complexes are reviewed. The paper is mainly focused on the most recent and relevant achievements on responsive supramolecular nanostructures and sensing properties, both of them related to the Lewis acidic character of the ZnII centre in these molecular species, providing an interpretation of these features. The sensing properties of Zn(salen)-type complexes mainly originate from optical spectroscopic changes associated with the formation of the adducts upon addition of a Lewis base (analyte), either by deaggregation of dimeric species or displacement of the solvent coordinated to the metal centre. In both cases the direct sensing is related either to the Lewis acidic character of the complex as well as to the Lewis basicity of the analyte. The formation of responsive nanostructures with fluorescent, and/or vapochromic, mechanochromic, and thermochromic characteristics is driven by non-mutual intermolecular ZnO interactions, further stabilized by π-π stacking interactions and/or interdigitation of the alkyl side groups. The Lewis acidic character is not a prerogative of Zn(salen)-type complexes of tetradentate Schiff-bases. Many other classes of ZnII complexes can possess this property. A correct interpretation of their chemistry is certainly useful for further development of these classical coordination compounds as new molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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Sahudin MA, Su'ait MS, Tan LL, Abd Karim NH. Schiff base complex/TiO 2 chemosensor for visual detection of food freshness level. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119129. [PMID: 33281086 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is one of the important biomarkers for food spoilage in the food sectors. In the present study, a rapid and simple analytical tool has been developed to detect histamine as an indirect strategy to monitor food freshness level. Optical histamine sensor with carboxyl-substituted Schiff base zinc(II) complex with hydroxypropoxy side chain deposited onto titanium dioxide nanoparticles was fabricated and was found to respond successfully to histamine. The Schiff base zinc(II) complex-histamine binding generated an enhancement of the fluorescent signal. Under the optimal reaction condition, the developed sensor can detect down to 2.53 × 10-10 M in the range of between 1.0 × 10-9 and 1.0 × 10-5 M (R2 = 0.9868). Selectivity performance of the sensor towards histamine over other amines was confirmed. The sensor also displayed good reproducibility performances with low relative standard deviation values (1.45%-4.95%). Shelf-life studies suggested that the developed sensor remains stable after 60 days in histamine detection. More importantly, the proposed sensor has been successfully applied to determine histamine in salmon fillet with good recoveries. This strategy has a promising potential in the food quality assurance sectors, especially in controlling the food safety for healthy consumption among consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ameerullah Sahudin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sukor Su'ait
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ling Ling Tan
- Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Huda Abd Karim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Rajendiran K, Yoganandham ST, Arumugam S, Arumugam D, Thananjeyan K. An overview of liquid crystalline mesophase transition and photophysical properties of “f block,” “d block,” and (SCO) spin-crossover metallomesogens in the optoelectronics. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Andelescu A, Heinrich B, Spirache MA, Voirin E, La Deda M, Di Maio G, Szerb EI, Donnio B, Costisor O. Playing with Pt
II
and Zn
II
Coordination to Obtain Luminescent Metallomesogens. Chemistry 2020; 26:4850-4860. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adelina‐Antonia Andelescu
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of ChemistryRomanian Academy 24 Mihai Viteazu Bvd. 300223 Timisoara Romania
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)UMR7504CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Maria Angela Spirache
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of ChemistryRomanian Academy 24 Mihai Viteazu Bvd. 300223 Timisoara Romania
| | - Emilie Voirin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)UMR7504CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Massimo La Deda
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della Calabria via P. Bucci, Cubo 14/C 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della Calabria via P. Bucci, Cubo 14/C 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) Italy
| | - Elisabeta I. Szerb
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of ChemistryRomanian Academy 24 Mihai Viteazu Bvd. 300223 Timisoara Romania
| | - Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)UMR7504CNRS-Université de Strasbourg 67034 Strasbourg France
| | - Otilia Costisor
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of ChemistryRomanian Academy 24 Mihai Viteazu Bvd. 300223 Timisoara Romania
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Consiglio G, Oliveri IP, Failla S, Di Bella S. On the Aggregation and Sensing Properties of Zinc(II) Schiff-Base Complexes of Salen-Type Ligands. Molecules 2019; 24:E2514. [PMID: 31324053 PMCID: PMC6651702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The zinc(II) ion forms stable complexes with a wide variety of ligands, but those related to Schiff-bases are among the most largely investigated. This review deals with the peculiar aggregation characteristics of Zn(II) Schiff-base complexes from tetradentate N2O2 salen-type ligands, L, derivatives from salicylaldehydes and 1,2-diamines, and is mostly focused on their spectroscopic properties in solution. Thanks to their Lewis acidic character, ZnL complexes show interesting structural, nanostructural, and aggregation/deaggregation properties in relation to the absence/presence of a Lewis base. Deaggregation of these complexes is accompanied by relevant changes of their spectroscopic properties that can appropriately be exploited for sensing Lewis bases. Thus, ZnL complexes have been investigated as chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensors of charged and neutral Lewis bases, including cell imaging, and have shown to be selective and sensitive to the Lewis basicity of the involved species. From these studies emerges that these popular, Lewis acidic bis(salicylaldiminato)Zn(II) Schiff-base complexes represent classical coordination compounds for modern applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Consiglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Ivan Pietro Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Santo Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Catania, I-95125 Catania, Italy.
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Supramolecular Aggregation of a New Substituted Bis(salicylaldiminato)zinc(II) Schiff-Base Complex Derived from trans-1,2-Diaminocyclohexane. INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this contribution is reported the synthesis, characterization, and aggregation properties in solution of a novel Zn(II) complex, (R)-2, derived from the enantiopure chiral trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane and a substituted salicylaldehyde. Detailed 1H NMR, DOSY NMR, optical absorption, and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies and chemical evidence allowed to investigate the nature of aggregate species in solution. The high solubility of (R)-2 in solution of the non-coordinating chloroform solvent leads to formation of various aggregates, some of them consisting of large oligomers estimated to contain up to 27 monomeric units. The chiral trans-stereochemistry of the bridging diamine favors a different aggregation mode in these complexes, both in the oligomers and dimers, involving a tetrahedral coordination geometry around the metal center. Overall data suggest the formation of helical oligomers, (ZnL)n, in freshly prepared chloroform solutions which, by standing or heating, evolve towards a more thermodynamically stable, dinuclear double-helicate Zn2L2 dimer.
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Oliveri IP, Malandrino G, Mirabella S, Di Bella S. Vapochromic and chemiresistive characteristics of a nanostructured molecular material composed of a zinc(ii)-salophen complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15977-15982. [PMID: 30378618 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03904f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A ZnII Schiff-base complex shows vapochromic and chemiresistive behaviour when exposed to vapours of a Lewis base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salvo Mirabella
- Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia
- Università di Catania
- I-95123 Catania
- Italy
| | - Santo Di Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Catania
- I-95125 Catania
- Italy
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