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Aguado RJ, Gomes BO, Durães L, Valente AJM. Luminescent Papers with Asymmetric Complexes of Eu(III) and Tb(III) in Polymeric Matrices and Suggested Combinations for Color Tuning. Molecules 2023; 28:6164. [PMID: 37630416 PMCID: PMC10459821 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Complexes of lanthanide ions, such as Eu(III) (red light emission) and Tb(III) (green light emission), with proper ligands can be highly luminescent and color-tunable, also attaining yellow and orange emission under UV radiation. The ligands employed in this work were poly(sodium acrylate), working as polymeric matrix, and 1,10-phenanthroline, taking advantage of its antenna effect. Possibilities of color display were further enhanced by incorporating a cationic polyfluorene with blue emission. This strategy allowed for obtaining cyan and magenta, besides the aforementioned colors. Uncoated cellulose paper was impregnated with the resulting luminescent inks, observing a strong hypsochromic shift in excitation wavelength upon drying. Hence, while a cheap UV-A lamp sufficed to reveal the polyfluorene's blue emission, shorter wavelengths were necessary to visualize the emission due to lanthanide ions as well. The capacity to reveal, with UV-C radiation, a full-color image that remains invisible under natural light is undoubtedly useful for anti-counterfeiting applications. Furthermore, both lanthanide ion complexes and polyfluorenes were shown to have their luminescence quenched by Cu(II) ions and nitroarenes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J. Aguado
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Beatriz O. Gomes
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Luisa Durães
- University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Artur J. M. Valente
- University of Coimbra, CQC, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
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Knoor LH, Hoogewerf LP, Jonker IB, Doty EA, Du Laney GR, Blankespoor RL, Muyskens MA. Spectral properties and modeling of knightletin, a novel aminocoumarin with intramolecular hydrogen bonding. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Aguado R, Santos ARMG, Vallejos S, Valente AJM. Paper-Based Probes with Visual Response to Vapors from Nitroaromatic Explosives: Polyfluorenes and Tertiary Amines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092900. [PMID: 35566254 PMCID: PMC9101589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is well-known that nitroaromatic compounds quench the fluorescence of different conjugated polymers and form colored Meisenheimer complexes with proper nucleophiles, the potential of paper as a substrate for those macromolecules can be further developed. This work undertakes this task, impregnating paper strips with a fluorene-phenylene copolymer with quaternary ammonium groups, a bisfluorene-based cationic polyelectrolyte, and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (polyDMAEMA). Cationic groups make the aforementioned polyfluorenes attachable to paper, whose surface possesses a slightly negative charge and avoid interference from cationic quenchers. While conjugated polymers had their fluorescence quenched with nitroaromatic vapors in a non-selective way, polyDMAEMA-coated papers had a visual response that was selective to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), and that could be easily identified, and even quantified, under natural light. Far from implying that polyfluorenes should be ruled out, it must be taken into account that TNT-filled mines emit vapors from 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and dinitrobenzene isomers, which are more volatile than TNT itself. Atmospheres with only 790 ppbv TNT or 277 ppbv DNT were enough to trigger a distinguishable response, although the requirement for certain exposure times is an important limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Aguado
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.R.M.G.S.); (S.V.)
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, M. Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - A. Rita M. G. Santos
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.R.M.G.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Saúl Vallejos
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.R.M.G.S.); (S.V.)
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Artur J. M. Valente
- CQC, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (A.R.M.G.S.); (S.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Agati G, Brunetti C, Tuccio L, Degano I, Tegli S. Retrieving the in vivo Scopoletin Fluorescence Excitation Band Allows the Non-invasive Investigation of the Plant-Pathogen Early Events in Tobacco Leaves. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:889878. [PMID: 35572685 PMCID: PMC9100583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.889878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed and applied a new spectroscopic fluorescence method for the in vivo detection of the early events in the interaction between tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants and pathogenic bacteria. The leaf disks were infiltrated with a bacterial suspension in sterile physiological solution (SPS), or with SPS alone as control. The virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci strain ATCC 11528, its non-pathogenic ΔhrpA mutant, and the avirulent P. syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 were used. At different post-infiltration time-points, the in vivo fluorescence spectra on leaf disks were acquired by a fiber bundle-spectrofluorimeter. The excitation spectra of the leaf blue emission at 460 nm, which is mainly due to the accumulation of coumarins following a bacterial infiltration, were processed by using a two-bands Gaussian fitting that enabled us to isolate the scopoletin (SCT) contribution. The pH-dependent fluorescence of SCT and scopolin (SCL), as determined by in vitro data and their intracellular localization, as determined by confocal microscopy, suggested the use of the longer wavelength excitation band at 385 nm of 460 nm emission (F385_460) to follow the metabolic evolution of SCT during the plant-bacteria interaction. It was found to be directly correlated (R 2 = 0.84) to the leaf SCT content, but not to that of SCL, determined by HPLC analysis. The technique applied to the time-course monitoring of the bacteria-plant interaction clearly showed that the amount and the timing of SCT accumulation, estimated by F385_460, was correlated with the resistance to the pathogen. As expected, this host defense response was delayed after P. syringae pv. tabaci ATCC 11528 infiltration, in comparison to P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Furthermore, no significant increase of F385_460 (SCT) was observed when using the non-pathogenic ΔhrpA mutant of P. syringae pv. tabaci ATCC 11528, which lacks a functional Type Three Secretion System (TTSS). Our study showed the reliability of the developed fluorimetric method for a rapid and non-invasive monitoring of bacteria-induced first events related to the metabolite-based defense response in tobacco leaves. This technique could allow a fast selection of pathogen-resistant cultivars, as well as the on-site early diagnosis of tobacco plant diseases by using suitable fluorescence sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Agati
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consortium INSTM-Italian Interuniversity Consortium for Science and Technology of Materials, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lorenza Tuccio
- Istituto di Fisica Applicata “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Consortium INSTM-Italian Interuniversity Consortium for Science and Technology of Materials, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Tegli
- Consortium INSTM-Italian Interuniversity Consortium for Science and Technology of Materials, Firenze, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Knoor ALH, Du Laney GR, Jonker IB, Hoogewerf LP, Tu Y, Pham HT, Yoo J, Muyskens MA. Aesculetin Exhibits Strong Fluorescent Photoacid Character. J Fluoresc 2021; 32:307-318. [PMID: 34787776 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-021-02842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are bioactive molecules that often serve as defenses in plant and animal systems, and understanding their fundamental behavior is essential for understanding their bioactivity. Aesculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) has recently attracted attention due to its ability to act as an antioxidant, but little is known about its photophysical properties. The fluorescence lifetimes of its neutral and anion form in water are 19 ± 2 ps and 2.3 ± 0.1 ns, respectively. Assuming the short lifetime of the neutral is determined by ESPT, we estimate kPT ~ 5 × 1010 s-1. Using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, we determine its ground and excited-state [Formula: see text] to be 7.3 and -1, respectively, making it one of the strongest photoacids of the natural coumarins. Aesculetin exhibits a strong pH dependence of the relative fluorescence quantum yield becoming much more fluorescent above [Formula: see text]. The aesculetin anion [Formula: see text] slightly photobasic character. We also report that aesculetin forms a fluorescent catechol-like complex with boric acid, and this complex has a [Formula: see text] of 5.6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isaac B Jonker
- Calvin University, 3201 Burton St SE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA
| | - Liam P Hoogewerf
- Calvin University, 3201 Burton St SE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA
| | - Yukun Tu
- Calvin University, 3201 Burton St SE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA
| | - Hunter T Pham
- Calvin University, 3201 Burton St SE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA
| | - Joy Yoo
- Calvin University, 3201 Burton St SE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA
| | - Mark A Muyskens
- Calvin University, 3201 Burton St SE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49546, USA.
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Sarrato J, Pinto AL, Malta G, Röck EG, Pina J, Lima JC, Parola AJ, Branco PS. New 3-Ethynylaryl Coumarin-Based Dyes for DSSC Applications: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Properties, and Theoretical Calculations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102934. [PMID: 34069210 PMCID: PMC8156968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of 3-ethynylaryl coumarin dyes with mono, bithiophenes and the fused variant, thieno [3,2-b] thiophene, as well as an alkylated benzotriazole unit were prepared and tested for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). For comparison purposes, the variation of the substitution pattern at the coumarin unit was analyzed with the natural product 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin (Esculetin) as well as 5,7-dihydroxycomarin in the case of the bithiophene dye. Crucial steps for extension of the conjugated system involved Sonogashira reaction yielding highly fluorescent molecules. Spectroscopic characterization showed that the extension of conjugation via the alkynyl bridge resulted in a strong red-shift of absorption and emission spectra (in solution) of approximately 73–79 nm and 52–89 nm, respectively, relative to 6,7-dimethoxy-4-methylcoumarin (λabs = 341 nm and λem = 410 nm). Theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) is mostly centered in the cyanoacrylic anchor unit, corroborating the high intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) character of the electronic transition. Photovoltaic performance evaluation reveals that the thieno [3,2-b] thiophene unit present in dye 8 leads to the best sensitizer of the set, with a conversion efficiency (η = 2.00%), best VOC (367 mV) and second best Jsc (9.28 mA·cm−2), surpassed only by dye 9b (Jsc = 10.19 mA·cm−2). This high photocurrent value can be attributed to increased donor ability of the 5,7-dimethoxy unit when compared to the 6,7 equivalent (9b).
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Affiliation(s)
- João Sarrato
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departament of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.S.); (A.L.P.); (G.M.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Ana Lucia Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departament of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.S.); (A.L.P.); (G.M.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Gabriela Malta
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departament of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.S.); (A.L.P.); (G.M.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Eva G. Röck
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (E.G.R.); (J.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - João Pina
- Department of Chemistry, Coimbra Chemistry Centre, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (E.G.R.); (J.P.)
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departament of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.S.); (A.L.P.); (G.M.); (J.C.L.)
| | - A. Jorge Parola
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departament of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.S.); (A.L.P.); (G.M.); (J.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.P.); (P.S.B.); Tel.: +351-21-294-8300 (P.S.B.)
| | - Paula S. Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departament of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (J.S.); (A.L.P.); (G.M.); (J.C.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.J.P.); (P.S.B.); Tel.: +351-21-294-8300 (P.S.B.)
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Gampe N, Szakács Z, Darcsi A, Boldizsár I, Szőke É, Kuzovkina I, Kursinszki L, Béni S. Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of Ononis Hairy Root Cultures. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:622585. [PMID: 33584762 PMCID: PMC7874045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.622585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hairy root cultures are genetically and biochemically stable, and they regularly possess the same or better biosynthetic capabilities for specialized (secondary) metabolite production compared to the intact plant. Ononis species are well-known herbal remedies in ethnopharmacology and rich sources of isoflavonoids. Besides isoflavones, less prevalent isoflavones and pterocarpans with valuable biological effects can be found in Ononis species as well. As these plants are only collected but not cultivated, biotechnological methods could play a role in the larger-scale extraction of Ononis isoflavonoids. Regarding this information, we aimed to establish Ononis spinosa and Ononis arvensis hairy root cultures (HRCs) and analyze the isoflavonoid profile of hairy root cultures qualitatively and quantitatively, in order to define their capacity to produce biologically valuable isoflavonoids. During the qualitative description, beside isoflavonoids, two new phenolic lactones, namely, bulatlactone 2″-O-β-D-glucoside and ononilactone, were isolated, and their structures were characterized for the first time. Altogether, 29 compounds were identified by the means of UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS. Based on UHPLC-UV-DAD measurements, the isoflavonoid spectrum of the Ononis HRCs differed markedly from wild-grown samples, as they produce a limited range of the scaffolds. The most abundant compounds in the HRCs were medicarpin glucoside and sativanone glucoside. The overall isoflavonoid production of the cultures was comparable to wild-grown O. arvensis and approximately twice as high as in wild-grown O. spinosa samples. As the overall content of wild-grown samples include more isoflavonoid derivatives, the HRCs contain structurally less divergent isoflavonoids but in higher quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Gampe
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- Spectroscopic Research Department, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Darcsi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Boldizsár
- Natural Bioactive Compounds Group, Institutional Excellence Program, Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Kuzovkina
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - László Kursinszki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Szabolcs Béni, ;
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