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Kozinenko VP, Kiryutin AS, Yurkovskaya AV. Exploring weak ligand-protein interactions by relaxometry of long-lived spin order. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15968-15977. [PMID: 38775038 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00582a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Relaxation times of nuclear spins often serve as a valuable source of information on the dynamics of various biochemical processes. Measuring relaxation as a function of the external magnetic field turned out to be extremely useful for the studies of weak ligand-protein interactions. We demonstrate that observing the relaxation of the long-lived spin order instead of longitudinal magnetization extends the capability of this approach. We studied the field-dependent relaxation of the longitudinal magnetization and the singlet order (SO) of methylene protons in alanine-glycine dipeptide and citrate in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA). As a result, SO relaxation proved to be more sensitive to ligand-protein interaction, providing higher relaxation contrast for various HSA concentrations. To assess the parameters of the binding process in more details, we utilized a simple analytical relaxation model to fit the experimental field dependences for both SO and T1 relaxation. We also tested the validity of our approach in the experiments with trimethylsilylpropanoic acid (TSP) used as a competitor in ligand binding with HSA.
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Zhou S, Zhang W, Han X, Liu J, Asemi Z. The present state and future outlook of pectin-based nanoparticles in the stabilization of Pickering emulsions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38733326 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2351163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The stabilization of Pickering emulsions using micro/nanoparticles has gained significant attention due to their wide range of potential applications in industries such as cosmetics, food, catalysis, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. There is a growing demand for the development of environmentally friendly micro/nanoparticles to create stable Pickering emulsions. Naturally occurring polysaccharides like pectin offer promising options as they can assemble at oil/water interfaces. This polysaccharide is considered a green candidate because of its biodegradability and renewable nature. The physicochemical properties of micro/nanoparticles, influenced by fabrication methods and post-modification techniques, greatly impact the characteristics and applications of the resulting Pickering emulsions. This review focuses on recent advancements in Pickering emulsions stabilized by pectin-based micro/nanoparticles, as well as the application of functional materials in delivery systems, bio-based films and 3D printing using these emulsions as templates. The effects of micro/nanoparticle properties on the characteristics of Pickering emulsions and their applications are discussed. Additionally, the obstacles that currently hinder the practical implementation of pectin-based micro/nanoparticles and Pickering emulsions, along with future prospects for their development, are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxue Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Jilin Jinziyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Shuangliao, Jilin, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin, China
- Huashikang (Shenyang) Health Industry Group Co., Ltd, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
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3
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Xu X, Li L, Ma C, Li D, Yang Y, Bian X, Fan J, Zhang N, Zuo F. Soy protein isolate-citrus pectin-gallic acid ternary composite high internal phase Pickering emulsion for delivery of β-carotene: Physicochemical, structural and digestive properties. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112910. [PMID: 37254348 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The structure properties, stability and β-carotene slow-release mechanism of soybean protein isolate-citrus pectin-gallic acid complex (SPI-CP-GA) stabilized high-internal phase Pickering emulsion (HIPPE) were investigated. The results showed that compared with the SPI-CP binary complex, the turbidity of the SPI-CP-GA ternary complex increased from 2.174 ± 0.001 to 3.027 ± 0.001, the surface wettability was increased, the infrared peaks was blue-shifted, changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, and the equilibrium interfacial tension of particles increased from 10.77 ± 0.02 mN/m to 13.46 ± 0.03 mN/m, the complex was more stable. When the GA was 2.0 mg/mL, the encapsulation efficiency of β-carotene was higher. With increased GA concentration and oil phase volume fraction (φ), the apparent viscosity and viscoelastic behavior of HIPPE performed well, forming a stable gel network structure. After 30 days of storage, there was no oil separation in the sample group with GA concentration of 2.0 mg/mL and φ = 0.7, and the stability was strong. After gastrointestinal digestion, the particle size of the HIPPE decreased from 13.51 ± 0.86 μm to 7.70 ± 0.68 μm, the free fatty acid (FFA) release rate was 22.03%, and the bioaccessibility of β-carotene was 6.67 ± 0.19%, and the sustained-release effect was obvious. These results indicated that the SPI-CP-GA ternary complex is a potential stabilizer for HIPPE, and providing theoretical guidance for the design of protein-polysaccharide-polyphenol stabilized HIPPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Xu
- Harbin University of Commerce School of Food Engineering, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China; Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Food College, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Lin Li
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Food College, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China; Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University National Cereals Engineering Technology Research Center, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Chunmin Ma
- Harbin University of Commerce School of Food Engineering, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China
| | - Dan Li
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Food College, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China; Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University National Cereals Engineering Technology Research Center, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Harbin University of Commerce School of Food Engineering, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China
| | - Xin Bian
- Harbin University of Commerce School of Food Engineering, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Harbin University of Commerce School of Food Engineering, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Harbin University of Commerce School of Food Engineering, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Feng Zuo
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University Food College, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China; Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University National Cereals Engineering Technology Research Center, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China.
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Liu X, Xue F, Adhikari B. Production of hemp protein isolate-polyphenol conjugates through ultrasound and alkali treatment methods and their characterization. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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5
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Gu J, Huang X, Ma Y, Sun X. Spectroscopic study on the separate and simultaneous interaction of nicotinic and its metabolite to bovine serum albumin. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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6
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Alqhtani AH, Qaid MM, Al-Garadi MA, Al-abdullatif AA, Alharthi AS, Al-Mufarrej SI. Efficacy of Rumex nervosus leaves or Cinnamomum verum bark as natural growth promoters on the growth performance, immune responsiveness, and serum biochemical profile of broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2065941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Qaid
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A. Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-abdullatif
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S. Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud I. Al-Mufarrej
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Visentini FF, Perez AA, Santiago LG. Bioactive compounds: Application of albumin nanocarriers as delivery systems. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7238-7268. [PMID: 35238254 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2045471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Enriched products with bioactive compounds (BCs) show the capacity to produce a wide range of possible health effects. Most BCs are essentially hydrophobic and sensitive to environmental factors; so, encapsulation becomes a strategy to solve these problems. Many globular proteins have the intrinsic ability to bind, protect, encapsulate, and introduce BCs into nutraceutical or pharmaceutical matrices. Among them, albumins as human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), ovalbumin (OVA) and α-lactalbumin (ALA) are widely abundant, available, and applied in many industrial sectors, becoming promissory materials to encapsulate BCs. Therefore, this review focuses on researches about the main groups of natural origin BCs (namely phenolic compounds, lipids, vitamins, and carotenoids), the different types of nanostructures based on albumins to encapsulate them and the main fields of application for BCs-loaded albumin systems. In this context, phenolic compounds (catechins, quercetin, and chrysin) are the most extensively BCs studied and encapsulated in albumin-based nanocarriers. Other extensively studied subgroups are stilbenes and curcuminoids. Regarding lipids and vitamins; terpenes, carotenoids (β-carotene), and xanthophylls (astaxanthin) are the most considered. The main application areas of BCs are related to their antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Finally, BSA is the most used albumin to produced BCs-loaded nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia F Visentini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina, CONICET
- Área de Biocoloides y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Adrián A Perez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de la República Argentina, CONICET
- Área de Biocoloides y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Liliana G Santiago
- Área de Biocoloides y Nanotecnología, Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Peng L, Wang Z, Zhu H, Zeng T, Zhou W, Yao S, Song H. Synthesis, physico-chemical properties of novel tropine-amino acid based ionic liquids and their effects on the lipase activity. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Zhao Z, Li G, Liu QS, Liu W, Qu G, Hu L, Long Y, Cai Z, Zhao X, Jiang G. Identification and interaction mechanism of protein corona on silver nanoparticles with different sizes and the cellular responses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125582. [PMID: 34030421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the potential biomedical applications of nanomaterials such as silver nanoparticles (SNPs), nanotoxicity concerns are growing, and the importance of NP and protein interactions is far from being addressed enough. Here, we identified the major binding protein on SNPs in blood as human serum albumin (HSA) using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. By comparing with the previous methods, we emphasized surface area concentration as a new dose metric to address the importance of NP curvature. SNPs interacted with cysteine and cystine, disrupting the secondary structure and conformation of HSA, and this tendency became stronger on small SNPs than large ones. The protein corona significantly alleviated the toxicity and decreased SNPs' internalization in a particle size-dependent manner, where more significant inhibition effects occurred on larger particles at the same area concentration. These findings may shed light on nanotoxicity and also the design of safe nanomaterials by a comprehensive preconsideration of the metrological method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshan Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Guoliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Chemical Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Yanmin Long
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, PR China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
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Song S, Li Y, Liu QS, Wang H, Li P, Shi J, Hu L, Zhang H, Liu Y, Li K, Zhao X, Cai Z. Interaction of mercury ion (Hg 2+) with blood and cytotoxicity attenuation by serum albumin binding. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125158. [PMID: 33540265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood mercury reflects the amount available from tissues, which is an indication of the exposure level. Here we confirm that Hg2+ caused hemolytic effects at high concentrations; while at light concentrations, most of the ions were bound to human serum albumin (HSA). The binding mechanism of Hg2+ to HSA has been investigated, which indicated that the presence of Hg2+ significantly perturbed the structure of HSA and quenched the fluorescence of protein in a hybrid dynamic and static mode. Hg2+ was preferably bound to cysteine and cystine, where the R‒S‒S‒R structure is responsible for maintaining the protein's structure by stabilizing the α-helical bundles. The metal-protein interaction mitigated the cellular toxicity as concealed by A498 cell lines. The fundamental and comprehensive data in this work is beneficial to elucidating and understanding the identification and binding mechanisms of heavy metals with proteins, as well as possible risks on human beings and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Song
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Yiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huiyu Wang
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jianbo Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuanchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Meng D, Zhou H, Xu J, Zhang S. Studies on the interaction of salicylic acid and its monohydroxy substituted derivatives with bovine serum albumin. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Farrugia A. Albumin in plasma exchange - A rethink is required. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103175. [PMID: 34083163 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Farrugia
- School of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Perth, Australia
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Bashir M, Yousuf I, Arjmand F, Tabassum S. Deciphering the effect of hydrophobicity on protein binding interaction in cobalt(II) complexes by multispectroscopic and computational methods. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7381-7393. [PMID: 33685362 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1897678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, we report the synthesis, characterization of two cobalt complexes (1 and 2) and their HSA binding studies by multispectroscopic methods. Hirshfeld surfaces analysis and fingerprint plot analysis were carried out to identify intermolecular interactions viz., N-H···O, O-H···O and C-H···O linkages in crystal framework of the complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) studies were carried out to ascertain the electronic structure and molecular geometry of the complexes 1 and 2, and determine the localization of HOMO and LUMO in the complexes. A comparative in vitro interaction study of complex 1 and 2 with human serum albumin protein was carried out by employing UV-vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism, FTIR and molecular docking techniques. Interestingly, the HSA binding affinity of complex 2 was found to be more than complex 1 which was evidenced from the higher binding constant values owing to its strong hydrophobic topology. Further, a significant conformational change in microenvironment of HSA was noticed upon binding with complexes 1 and 2, nevertheless more perturbations were noticed in presence of complex 1. Molecular docking studies were carried out to validate the spectroscopic results and ascertain the preferential binding mode of complexes at the specific target site of HSA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masrat Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Imtiyaz Yousuf
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Farukh Arjmand
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sartaj Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Azzam MM, Qaid MM, Al-Mufarrej SI, Al-Garadi MA, Albaadani HH, Alhidary IA. Rumex nervosus leaves meal improves body weight gain, duodenal morphology, serum thyroid hormones, and cecal microflora of broiler chickens during the starter period. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5572-5581. [PMID: 33142474 PMCID: PMC7647857 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 192 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to 4 treatments with 8 replicate cages of 6 chicks (3♀ and 3♂) per cage according to a completely randomized block design. The dietary treatments were a basal diet (control) and a control diet supplemented with 1,000, 3,000, and 5,000 mg/kg Rumex nervosus leaves meal (RN). Gallic acid and some volatile compounds were detected in the RN extract. On day 10 of age, BW was improved (P = 0.016) with supplemental RN (1,000-5,000 mg/kg). On day 14 of age, dietary application of RN up to 3,000 mg/kg increased BWG (P = 0.003) compared with control, while a 1,000 mg/kg RN had the best feed conversion ratio (P = 0.016). On day 10 of age, samples were taken on a single female bird per replicate. The addition of RN (1,000-5,000 mg/kg) increased (P < 0.001) serum albumin and triiodothyronine levels and maximized the relative weight of breast meat (P = 0.003). Feeding a diet with 1,000 mg/kg RN resulted in greater duodenal villus height (P < 0.001) than control and the diet with 5,000 mg/kg RN. Broilers fed diet supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg RN had the best duodenal villus surface area (P < 0.001). Feeding a diet with 1,000 mg/kg RN decreased (P < 0.001) cecal Escherichia coli count compared with control and the diet with 5,000 mg/kg RN. Salmonella spp. count tended to increase with 5,000 mg/kg RN leaves meal (P = 0.069, linear P = 0.026). In conclusion, R. nervosus leaves meal could be considered as a phytogenic feed additive in broiler diets up to a 1,000-mg/kg inclusion rate because of its combined positive effects on BWG, feed conversion ratio, villus height, villus surface area, serum albumin and triiodothyronine hormone, and cecal E. coli during the starter period (day 10-14 of age). Further study is required to elucidate its molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Azzam
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed M Qaid
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud I Al-Mufarrej
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A Al-Garadi
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani H Albaadani
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alhidary
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Investigation of the Interaction Mechanism of Perfluoroalkyl Carboxylic Acids with Human Serum Albumin by Spectroscopic Methods. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041319. [PMID: 32085632 PMCID: PMC7068604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are some of the most significant pollutants in human serum, and are reported to be potentially toxic to humans. In this study, the binding mechanism of PFCAs with different carbon lengths to human serum albumin (HSA) was studied at the molecular level by means of fluorescence spectroscopy under simulated physiological conditions and molecular modeling. Fluorescence data indicate that PFCAs with a longer carbon chain have a stronger fluorescence quenching ability. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) had little effect on HSA. Fluorescence quenching of HSA by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) was a static process that formed a PFCA-HSA complex. Electrostatic interactions were the main intermolecular forces between PFOA and HSA, while hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions played important roles in the combination of PFDA and HSA. In fact, the binding of PFDA to HSA was stronger than that of PFOA as supported by fluorescence quenching and molecular docking. In addition, infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the binding of PFOA/PFDA resulted in a sharp decrease in the β-sheet and α-helix conformations of HSA. Our results indicated that the carbon chain length of PFCAs had a great impact on its binding affinity, and that PFCAs with longer carbon chains bound more strongly.
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