1
|
Segaran A, Chua LS. Review of recent applications and modifications of aqueous two-phase system for the separation of biomolecules. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133856. [PMID: 39009267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Biomolecules, specifically proteins, polysaccharides, and secondary metabolites are potential lead compounds due to their remarkable pharmacological properties. However, the complex molecular structure of the biomolecules makes their separation processes of great challenges. The conventional downstream processes require multistep protocols that are less efficient, high solvent consumption, expensive, time-consuming, and laborious. Hence, aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a reliable technique for the extraction and purification of biomolecules from a complex mixture. ATPS is an environmentally friendly, simple, cost effective, and easily scalable process. It requires a short processing time to separate biomolecules of industrial values simultaneously in a single process. Modifications have also been performed by introducing deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, carbohydrates, amino acids or copolymers to enhance the process efficiency with an increased yield, purity and bioactivity of recovered biomolecules. This review attempts to review the recent developed ATPSs and their efficiency to extract, isolate, and purify biomolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, secondary metabolites and other biological substances. The review provides insights into the feasibility and reliability of ATPS for biomolecule recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Segaran
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Technologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - L S Chua
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Technologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Technologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baghbanbashi M, Shiran HS, Kakkar A, Pazuki G, Ristroph K. Recent advances in drug delivery applications of aqueous two-phase systems. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae255. [PMID: 39006476 PMCID: PMC11245733 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) are liquid-liquid equilibria between two aqueous phases that usually contain over 70% water content each, which results in a nontoxic organic solvent-free environment for biological compounds and biomolecules. ATPSs have attracted significant interest in applications for formulating carriers (microparticles, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and polymersomes) which can be prepared using the spontaneous phase separation of ATPSs as a driving force, and loaded with a wide range of bioactive materials, including small molecule drugs, proteins, and cells, for delivery applications. This review provides a detailed analysis of various ATPSs, including strategies employed for particle formation, polymerization of droplets in ATPSs, phase-guided block copolymer assemblies, and stimulus-responsive carriers. Processes for loading various bioactive payloads are discussed, and applications of these systems for drug delivery are summarized and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojhdeh Baghbanbashi
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hadi Shaker Shiran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gholamreza Pazuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Kurt Ristroph
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nemani N, Dehnavi SM, Pazuki G. Extraction and separation of astaxanthin with the help of pre-treatment of Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae biomass using aqueous two-phase systems based on deep eutectic solvents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5420. [PMID: 38443435 PMCID: PMC10914728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis are the main source of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin. However, the effective extraction of astaxanthin from these microalgae remains a significant challenge due to the rigid, non-hydrolyzable cell walls. Energy savings and high-efficiency cell disruption are essential steps in the recovery of the antioxidant astaxanthin from the cysts of H. pluvialis. In the present study, H. pluvialis microalgae were first cultured in Bold's Basal medium under certain conditions to reach the maximum biomass concentration, and then light shock was applied for astaxanthin accumulation. The cells were initially green and oval, with two flagella. As the induction time increases, the motile cells lose their flagellum and become red cysts with thick cell walls. Pre-treatment of aqueous two-phase systems based on deep eutectic solvents was used to decompose the cell wall. These systems included dipotassium hydrogen phosphate salt, water, and two types of deep eutectic solvents (choline chloride-urea and choline chloride-glucose). The results of pre-treatment of Haematococcus cells by the studied systems showed that intact, healthy cysts were significantly ruptured, disrupted, and facilitated the release of cytoplasmic components, thus facilitating the subsequent separation of astaxanthin by liquid-liquid extraction. The system containing the deep eutectic solvent of choline chloride-urea was the most effective system for cell wall degradation, which resulted in the highest ability to extract astaxanthin. More than 99% of astaxanthin was extracted from Haematococcus under mild conditions (35% deep eutectic solvent, 30% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate at 50 °C, pH = 7.5, followed by liquid-liquid extraction at 25 °C). The present study shows that the pre-treatment of two-phase systems based on deep eutectic solvent and, thus, liquid-liquid extraction is an efficient and environmentally friendly process to improve astaxanthin from the microalgae H. pluvialis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neda Nemani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Dehnavi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, P.O. Box 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Pazuki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Waldmann L, Nguyen DNT, Arbault S, Nicolai T, Benyahia L, Ravaine V. Tuning the bis-hydrophilic balance of microgels: A tool to control the stability of water-in-water emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 653:581-593. [PMID: 37738931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The stability of purely aqueous emulsions (W/W) formed by mixing incompatible polymers, can be achieved through the Pickering effect of particles adsorption at the interface. However, there is, as yet, no guideline regarding the chemical nature of the particles to predict whether they will stabilize a particular W/W emulsion. Bis-hydrophilic soft microgels, made of copolymerized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) and dextran (Dex), act as very efficient stabilizers for PEO/Dextran emulsions, because the two polymers have an affinity for each polymer phase. EXPERIMENTS The ratio between both components of the microgels is varied in order to modulate the bis-hydrophilic balance, the content of Dex compared to pNIPAM varying from 0 to 60 wt%. The partition between the two aqueous phases and the adsorption of microgels at the W/W interface is measured by confocal microscopy. The stability of emulsions is assessed via turbidity measurements and microstructural investigations under sedimentation or compression. FINDINGS The adsorption of particles and their partitioning is found to evolve progressively as a function of bis-hydrophilic balance. At room temperature, the stability of the resulting W/W emulsions also depends on the bis-hydrophilic balance with a maximum of stability for the particles containing 50%wt of Dex, for the Dex-in-PEO emulsions, while the PEO-in-Dex become stable above this value. The thermo-responsiveness of the microgels translates into stability inversion of the emulsions below 50 wt% of Dex in the microgels, whereas above 50 wt%, no emulsion is stable. This work paves the way of a guideline to design efficient and responsive W/W stabilizers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léa Waldmann
- Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS - Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Do-Nhu-Trang Nguyen
- IMMM, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphane Arbault
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN UMR 5248, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Taco Nicolai
- IMMM, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Lazhar Benyahia
- IMMM, UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans cedex 9, France
| | - Valérie Ravaine
- Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255 CNRS - Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou Y, Yang X, Bai L, Wu Z, Zhang J, Qin Z, Fan J. Investigation on the phase behaviors of aqueous surfactant two-phase systems containing Alkyl polyglucosides (APG) and alkyl polyglucoside sulfosuccinate (APGSS). J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
6
|
Daradmare S, Lee CS. Recent progress in the synthesis of all-aqueous two-phase droplets using microfluidic approaches. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 219:112795. [PMID: 36049253 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a system with liquid-liquid phase separation and shows great potential for the extraction, separation, purification, and enrichment of proteins, membranes, viruses, enzymes, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules because of its simplicity, biocompatibility, and wide applicability [1-4]. The clear aqueous-aqueous interface of ATPSs is highly advantageous for their implementation, therefore making ATPSs a green alternative approach to replace conventional emulsion systems, such as water-in-oil droplets. All aqueous emulsions (water-in-water, w-in-w) hold great promise in the biomedical field as glucose sensors [5] and promising carriers for the encapsulation and release of various biomolecules and nonbiomolecules [6-10]. However, the ultralow interfacial tension between the two phases is a hurdle in generating w-in-w emulsion droplets. In the past, bulk emulsification and electrospray techniques were employed for the generation of w-in-w emulsion droplets and the fabrication of microparticles and microcapsules in the later stage. Bulk emulsification is a simple and low-cost technique; however, it generates polydisperse w-in-w emulsion droplets. Another technique, electrospray, involves easy experimental setups that can generate monodisperse but nonspherical w-in-w emulsion droplets. In comparison, microfluidic platforms provide monodisperse w-in-w emulsion droplets with spherical shapes, deal with the small volumes of solutions and short reaction times and achieve portability and versatility in their design through rapid prototyping. Owing to several advantages, microfluidic approaches have recently been introduced. To date, several different strategies have been explored to generate w-in-w emulsions and multiple w-in-w emulsions and to fabricate microparticles and microcapsules using conventional microfluidic devices. Although a few review articles on ATPSs emulsions have been published in the past, to date, few reviews have exclusively focused on the evolution of microfluidic-based ATPS droplets. The present review begins with a brief discussion of the history of ATPSs and their fundamentals, which is followed by an account chronicling the integration of microfluidic devices with ATPSs to generate w-in-w emulsion droplets. Furthermore, the stabilization strategies of w-in-w emulsion droplets and microfluidic fabrication of microparticles and microcapsules for modern applications, such as biomolecule encapsulation and spheroid construction, are discussed in detail in this review. We believe that the present review will provide useful information to not only new entrants in the microfluidic community wanting to appreciate the findings of the field but also existing researchers wanting to keep themselves updated on progress in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Daradmare
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu B, Tan Z. Separation and Purification of Astragalus membranaceus Polysaccharides by Deep Eutectic Solvents-Based Aqueous Two-Phase System. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27165288. [PMID: 36014526 PMCID: PMC9412596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) have been widely used in the separation and purification of bioactive substances in recent years. (2) Methods: In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs)-based ATPSs were employed for the extraction and separation of Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (AMP). The optimal DES (choline chloride:urea = 1:1) was first screened to extract AMP, and the effect of DES concentration, solid-liquid ratio, pH, extraction temperature, and extraction time on the extraction yield of AMP were investigated. (3) Results: The maximum extraction yield was 141.11 mg/g under the optimum conditions. AMP was then preliminarily purified by ATPS, to further realize the recycling and reuse of DES. The effect of type of salts, salt concentration, and extraction temperature on extraction efficiency was investigated. The extraction efficiency was 97.85% for AMP under the optimum ATPS conditions. Finally, the obtained AMP was studied by molecular weight determination, infrared spectroscopy analysis, and monosaccharide composition analysis. (4) Conclusions: This ATPS extraction based on DESs is simple, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and has high extraction efficiency, which provides new ideas for the extraction of plant polysaccharides and other bioactive compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangfu Liu
- Hunan Electronic Information Industry Institute, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Zhijian Tan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops & Center of Southern Economic Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-731-8899-8517
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Application of Flory-Huggins Model in Experimental and Theoretical Study of Stability of Amphotericin B on Nanocarrier Based on Functionalized Carbon Nanotube. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
9
|
Baghbanbashi M, Pazuki G, Khoee S. One Pot Silica Nanoparticle Modification and Doxorubicin Encapsulation as pH-Responsive Nanocarriers, Applying PEG/Lysine Aqueous Two Phase System. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
Belchior DC, Freire MG. Simultaneous separation of egg white proteins using aqueous three-phase partitioning systems. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Separation of phenyl acetic acid and 6-aminopenicillanic acid applying aqueous two-phase systems based on copolymers and salts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3489. [PMID: 33568710 PMCID: PMC7875977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) is used for synthesis of semisynthetic antibiotics. Polymer-salt aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) were applied for separation of 6-APA and phenyl acetic acid (PAA), as the products of hydrolyzation reaction of Penicillin G/Penicillin V. The binodal curves of ATPS composed of a copolymer (reverse Pluronic 10R5, Pluronic L35 and PEG-ran-PPG) and a salt (Tri-sodium citrate, tri-potassium citrate, di-potassium phosphate, sodium sulphate and magnesium sulphate) were obtained. The results show that, at a fixed PPG/PEG ratio, block copolymers have larger two-phase region compared with random copolymer. After screening on the partition coefficient of PAA and 6-APA separately, Na2SO4 was selected for studying the effect of the copolymer structure and the composition of salt and copolymer on partitioning, considering higher selectivity of PAA and 6-APA. 10R5-Na2SO4 ATPS was selected as the most appropriate system for separation of 6-APA and PAA. This system was used for separation of mixture of 6-APA and PAA. The results show that selectivity was \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$\approx$$\end{document}≈ 53 and smaller in a system, containing a mixture of 6-APA and PAA. This observation can be justified by the interaction between 6-APA and PAA. Molecular interaction between these two molecules were investigated by the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter.
Collapse
|