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Zhan T, Niu W, Cui M, Han H, Dang H, Guo N, Wang D, Hao Y, Zang C, Xu Y, Guo H. A study on the relationship between the crystallization characteristics of quenched droplets and the effect of cell cryopreservation with Raman spectroscopy. Analyst 2023. [PMID: 37337775 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The cryopreservation method of microdroplets has steadily become widely employed in the cryopreservation of microscale biological samples such as various types of cells due to its fast cooling rate, significant reduction of the concentration of cryoprotectants, and practical liquid handling method. However, it is still necessary to consider the corresponding relationship between droplet size and concentration and the impact of crystallization during the cooling process on cell viability. The key may be a misunderstanding of the influencing factors of crystallization and vitrification behavior with concentration during cooling on the ultimate cell viability, which may be attributable to the inability to analyze the freezing state inside the microdroplets. Therefore, in this work, an in situ Raman observation system for droplet quenching was assembled to obtain Raman spectra in the frozen state, and the spectral characteristics of the crystallization and vitrification processes of microdroplets with varied concentrations and volumes were investigated. Furthermore, the degree of crystallization inside the droplets was quantitatively analyzed, and it was found that the ratio of the crystalline peak to hydrogen bond shoulder could clearly distinguish the degree of crystallization and the vitrified state, and the Raman crystallization characteristic parameters gradually increased with the decrease of concentrations. By obtaining the cooling curve and the overall cooling rate of quenching droplets, the vitrification state of the microdroplets was confirmed by theoretical analysis of the cooling characteristics of a DMSO solution system. In addition, the effect of cell cryopreservation was investigated using the microdroplet quenching device, and it was found that the key to cell survival during the quenching process of low-concentration microdroplets was dominated by the cooling rate and the internal crystallization degree, while the main influencing factor on high concentration was the toxic effect of a protective agent. In general, this work introduces a new nondestructive evaluation and analysis method for the cryopreservation of quenching microdroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijie Zhan
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Wenya Niu
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Mengdong Cui
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Hengxin Han
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Hangyu Dang
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Ning Guo
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Ding Wang
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Yinfeng Cryomedicine Technology Co. Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanbao Zang
- Yinfeng Cryomedicine Technology Co. Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Institute of Bio-thermal Science and Technology, Shanghai Co-innovation Center for Energy Therapy of Tumors, Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Cryopreservation of Biological Resources, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Hanming Guo
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Joules A, Burrows T, Dosa P, Hubel A. Characterization of eutectic mixtures of sugars and sugar-alcohols for cryopreservation. J Mol Liq 2023; 371:120937. [PMID: 36714523 PMCID: PMC9879365 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural Deep Eutectic Systems (NADES) composed of sugar and sugar alcohols have been studied and applied in a variety of biological applications. Understanding their interaction with water across dilution and temperature is inherently important for maximizing the utility of NADES. Herein a wide range of sugar:sugar-alcohol molar ratios were synthesized and characterized by viscosity, molar excess volume, differential scanning calorimetry, water activity, and confocal Raman cryomicroscopy. NADES were found to have greater viscosity, reduced heat of fusion, greater absolute molar excess volume, lower water activity, and stronger hydrogen bonding of water than non-NADES mixtures. This is hypothesized to be due to cumulatively stronger hydrogen bonding interactions between components in pure and diluted NADES with the strongest interactions in the water-rich region. This work provides useful data and further understanding of hydrogen bonding interaction strength for a wide range of molar ratios in pure to well-diluted forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Joules
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Tessa Burrows
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Peter Dosa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
| | - Allison Hubel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
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Klbik I, Čechová K, Milovská S, Rusnák J, Vlasáč J, Melicherčík M, Mat'ko I, Lakota J, Šauša O. Cryoprotective Mechanism of DMSO Induced by the Inhibitory Effect on Eutectic NaCl Crystallization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11153-11159. [PMID: 36442496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is a critical procedure in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is the cryoprotectant of choice. Optimization of the cryopreservation protocol in the past revealed a dramatic loss of cell viability associated with a reduction of the DMSO concentration below 2 vol % in the freezing medium. The cryoprotective mechanism of DMSO is usually ascribed to the ability to suppress ice formation and reduce the adverse effects of the freeze-concentrated solution. This work proposes an alternative hypothesis considering the detrimental impact of NaCl eutectic crystallization on cell viability. Thermoanalytical and microstructural analysis of the DMSO effect on eutectic phase transformation of cryoprotective mixtures revealed a correlation between the loss of cell viability and eutectic NaCl crystallization. DMSO inhibits the eutectic crystallization of NaCl and preserves cell viability. Thermodynamic description of the inhibitory action and possible mechanism of cryoinjury are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Klbik
- Institute of physics SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11Bratislava, Slovak republic
- Department of Experimental Physics, FMFI U.K., Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Katarína Čechová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, FMFI U.K., Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Stanislava Milovská
- Earth Science Institute SAS, Ďumbierska 1, 974 01Banská Bystrica, Slovak republic
| | - Jaroslav Rusnák
- Institute of physics SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Jozef Vlasáč
- Earth Science Institute SAS, Ďumbierska 1, 974 01Banská Bystrica, Slovak republic
| | - Milan Melicherčík
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, FMFI U.K., Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Igor Mat'ko
- Institute of physics SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Ján Lakota
- Center of Experimental Medicine SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04Bratislava, Slovak republic
- Faculty of Management, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 820 05Bratislava, Slovak republic
| | - Ondrej Šauša
- Institute of physics SAS, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 11Bratislava, Slovak republic
- Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215Bratislava, Slovak republic
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