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Zhao Z, Sun Z, Lv W, Sun C, Zhang Z. Preparation of graphene/carbon nanotube-cellulose composites assisted by ionic liquids: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133927. [PMID: 39025191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
As is well known, cellulose, as a natural polymer material with abundant reserves, plays an irreplaceable role as the major raw material in energy and chemical-related fields. With the continuous advancement of technology, native single-component cellulose is often unsatisfactory for practical applications, constructing composites is an effective means of expanding the applications. When compounded with other ingredients to prepare composites, cellulose usually needs to be dissolved and regenerated to obtain good dispersion. Current studies have revealed that cellulose is insoluble in conventional solvents, and the limited types of solvent systems that can dissolve cellulose tend to degrade the cellulose during the dissolution process, altering the cellulose properties. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of solvents that are capable of dissolving cellulose without adversely affecting the cellulose during the dissolution process, such as degradation. Graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are poorly dispersed and easily agglomerated by π-π stacking in general solvents, whereas ILs can effectively shield them from π-π stacking, resulting in a favorable and steady dispersion. Thus, the cellulose composites of graphene/CNTs can be prepared with the assistance of ILs. In this paper, the solubilization of cellulose by ILs and the solubilization mechanism to the preparation of cellulose composites with graphene/CNTs are reviewed, the interactions between graphene, CNTs and cellulose in the composites are elucidated, and the preparation of cellulose composites with graphene/CNTs is introduced in terms of their structure, properties and application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexi Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zeying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenfeng Lv
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Caiying Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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2
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Nawaz H, He A, Wu Z, Wang X, Jiang Y, Ullah A, Xu F, Xie F. Revisiting various mechanistic approaches for cellulose dissolution in different solvent systems: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133012. [PMID: 38866296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The process of dissolving cellulose is a pivotal step in transforming it into functional, value-added materials, necessitating a thorough comprehension of the underlying mechanisms to refine its advanced processing. This article reviews cellulose dissolution using various solvent systems, along with an in-depth exploration of the associated dissolution mechanisms. The efficacy of different solvents, including aqueous solvents, organic solvents, ionic liquids, hybrid ionic liquid/cosolvent systems, and deep eutectic solvents, in dissolving cellulose is scrutinized, and their limitations and advantages are highlighted. In addition, this review methodically outlines the mechanisms at play within these various solvent systems and the factors influencing cellulose solubility. Conclusions drawn highlight the integral roles of the degree of polymerization, crystallinity, particle size, the type and sizes of cations and anions, alkyl chain length, ionic liquid/cosolvent ratio, viscosity, solvent acidity, basicity, and hydrophobic interactions in the dissolution process. This comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers investigating biopolymer dissolution in a broader context, thereby paving the way for broader applications and innovations of these solvent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Nawaz
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Aiyong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yetao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-Based Energy and Enzyme Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Changjiangxi Road, Huaian 223300, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Fengwei Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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3
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Rahman MM, Jahan MS, Islam MM, Susan MABH. Dissolution of cellulose in imidazolium-based double salt ionic liquids. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131331. [PMID: 38574918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The dissolution of cellulose in double salt ionic liquids (DSILs) was studied in detail and compared with the dissolution in individual constituent ionic liquids (ILs). The DSILs, [C4mim](CH3CO2)xCl1-x (x is the mole fraction of the single component ILs), were synthesized using acetate and chloride salts of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium. These DSILs were then used for the investigation of the solubility of cellulose in the whole mole fraction range. Commercial cellulose (CC) powder, kraft pulp (KP), and prehydrolysis kraft pulp (PHKP) of jute were chosen as cellulose sources. The solubility of cellulose increased with an increasing temperature for [C4mim](CH3CO2)0.6Cl0.4 and with increasing amount of [C4mim]Cl in DSILs. The maximum solubility of CC powder was 32.8 wt% in [C4mim](CH3CO2)0.6Cl0.4 at 100 °C, while for KP and PHKP, solubilities were 30.1 and 30.5 wt%, respectively under the identical condition. Cellulose could be regenerated from the DSILs using water as an antisolvent. Structure, morphology, and thermal stability of the regenerated cellulosic materials were analyzed. DSILs could be recycled >99 % without a discernible change in structure. This work demonstrates that DSILs display enhanced solubility over ILs system and have potential as a chemical processing methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahbubur Rahman
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Sarwar Jahan
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mominul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Bin Hasan Susan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; Dhaka University Nanotechnology Center (DUNC), University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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4
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Mamudu U, Hussin MR, Santos JH, Lim RC. Synthesis and characterisation of sulfated-nanocrystalline cellulose in epoxy coatings for corrosion protection of mild steel from sodium chloride solution. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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5
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Suzuki S, Hamano Y, Wada N, Takahashi K. Controlled Allocation of Aromatic/Aliphatic Substituents to Polysaccharides and Lignin in Sugarcane Bagasse via Successive Homogeneous Transesterification Using Ionic Liquid. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18582-18590. [PMID: 37273610 PMCID: PMC10233695 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic agricultural waste is an abundant renewable feedstock that can be utilized as a sustainable source of biomass-based plastics. Ideally, it is used without discarding any components, including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. However, their utilization as lignocellulose-based plastics has been limited because of the low compatibility between the polysaccharides and lignin derivatives and the resulting poor mechanical properties of the final products. Here, we demonstrate a facile but highly controllable conversion of sugarcane bagasse into valuable thermoplastics by utilizing the excellent solubility and unique organocatalytic abilities of an ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. In a homogeneous and one-pot chemical modification reaction system, the substitution ratio of an aromatic benzoyl group to an aliphatic hexanoyl group in the bagasse derivative was adjusted by the ratio of acyl reagents used. Moreover, the allocation of these two acyl groups to polysaccharide and lignin components in bagasse was successfully controlled only by exchanging the order of the acyl reagents introduced into the reaction system. The controlled introduction of the acyl groups into bagasse achieved a homogeneous polymer phase in the resultant multicomponent hot-pressed film, resulting in enhanced mechanical properties such as sufficient tensile strength (∼20 MPa) and excellent ductility with a high strain energy density (∼5 MJ m-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Suzuki
- Research
Faculty of Agriculture, Division of Fundamental Agriscience Research, Hokkaido University, North-9, West-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hamano
- Faculty
of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Naoki Wada
- Faculty
of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Faculty
of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
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Application and characterization of a novel PVDF-HFP/PVP polymer composite with MoO 3 nanowires as a protective coating for wood. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3429. [PMID: 36859559 PMCID: PMC9977942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The coatings on wood must sometimes give aesthetic and basic protection to wooden elements and prevent the development and transmission of microorganisms. Several polymers containing different nanoparticles have already been offered to day for this purpose. The research presents a novel poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer composite with MoO3 nanowires with the ability to form coating films on wood. The films of the developed coating exhibit elastic behaviour, which depends on the coating film thickness [tested wet film thicknesses (90, 180 and 360) µm]. The coating showed the ability to interact well with the surface of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood, in terms of wetting (contact angles of 15.6°), fast spilling on the surface, good penetration of the coating in wood structure and formation of up to 40 µm-thick films with excellent pull-off adhesion strength (6 MPa). An increased roughness of wood coated with C + MoO3 was a consequence of wood etching by the dimethylformamide solvent present in the coating. Moreover, the presence of C + MoO3 on wood made it considerably more hydrophobic, with contact angle of water raising to 123° from initially 46° measured on uncoated wood. The irradiation of wood surfaces with ultra-violet light resulted in visible colour changes on both uncoated and coated wood. The wood coated with C + MoO3 has a good resistance to water, alcohol and dry heat (grade 3 to 4). The antimicrobial testing showed that the presence of MoO3 in the coating plays an important role in the resistance of the coated wood to blue-stain fungi and mould development. The developed PVDF-HFP/PVP/MoO3 coating has an excellent ability to interact with the wood surface and has the potential to be used as a protection for wood in sensitive environments.
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Echeverry-Vargas L, Estrada D, Gutierrez L. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Interactions between a Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide with the Face and Edge Surfaces of Molybdenite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173680. [PMID: 36080754 PMCID: PMC9460289 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Process water used in mineral processing operations corresponds to water recovered from the thickeners and tailings dams, containing residual reagents such as hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAMs). These polymers depress the flotation of different minerals, and their effect on molybdenite has been experimentally demonstrated. The objective of this work was to study the interactions between a segment of a HPAM with the face and edge of molybdenite. The sigma profile, the radial distribution functions of the HPAM, and the orientation and atomic density profiles of water molecules on the face and edge surfaces of molybdenite were calculated. The results obtained from molecular dynamics simulations showed that the interactions between the HPAM and molybdenite are mainly explained by the interactions of the amide group with the faces and edges of the mineral. Molecular dynamics simulations also showed that the HPAM molecule rearranges in such a way that the amide group moves towards the molybdenite face or edge, and the carboxylate group moves away from the mineral surface. The results obtained in the simulations showed that the interactions of the HPAM with the molybdenite edge are slightly stronger than the interaction of this molecule with the mineral face. Simulations demonstrated that the presence of the sodium and hydroxide ions reduces the concentration of HPAM around the face and edge surfaces, which is expected to affect HPAM adsorption on molybdenite. The conclusions obtained through molecular dynamics simulations are in line with the results obtained in previous studies carried out at a macroscopic scale, which reported that HPAMs adsorb onto molybdenite particles and reduce their hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luver Echeverry-Vargas
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070371, Chile
| | - Darwin Estrada
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070371, Chile
| | - Leopoldo Gutierrez
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070371, Chile
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070411, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Hydrogen bonding between 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide ionic liquid and selected co-solvents with varying polarity: A DFT study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Khelifi W, Bencedira S, Azab M, Riaz MS, Abdallah M, Abdel Baki Z, Krauklis AE, Aouissi HA. Conservation Environments' Effect on the Compressive Strength Behaviour of Wood-Concrete Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103572. [PMID: 35629599 PMCID: PMC9146376 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper addresses the issues in making wood-concrete composites more resilient to environmental conditions and to improve their compressive strength. Tests were carried out on cubic specimens of 10 × 10 × 10 cm3 composed of ordinary concrete with a 2% redwood- and hardwood-chip dosage. Superficial treatments of cement and lime were applied to the wood chips. All specimens were kept for 28 days in the open air and for 12 months in: the open air, drinking water, seawater, and an oven. Consequently, the compressive strength of ordinary concrete is approximately 37.1 MPa. After 365 days of exposure to the open air, drinking water, seawater, and the oven, a resistance loss of 35.84, 36.06, 42.85, and 52.30% were observed, respectively. In all environments investigated, the untreated wood composite concrete's resistance decreased significantly, while the cement/lime treatment of the wood enhanced them. However, only 15.5 MPa and 14.6 MPa were attained after the first 28 days in the cases of the redwood and the hardwood treated with lime. These findings indicate that the resistance of wood-concrete composites depends on the type of wood used. Treating wood chips with cement is a potential method for making these materials resistant in conservation situations determined by the cement's chemical composition. The current study has implications for researchers and practitioners for further understanding the impact of these eco-friendly concretes in the construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Khelifi
- Laboratory of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology, UBMA, Annaba 23000, Algeria;
| | - Selma Bencedira
- Laboratory of LGE, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, UBMA, B. P12, Annaba 23000, Algeria
- Correspondence:
| | - Marc Azab
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.A.B.)
| | - Malik Sarmad Riaz
- Civil Engineering Department—National University of Technology (NUTECH), Islamabad, Pakistan;
| | - Mirvat Abdallah
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.A.B.)
| | - Zaher Abdel Baki
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.A.B.)
| | - Andrey E. Krauklis
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Hani Amir Aouissi
- Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra 07000, Algeria;
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Zhang X, Gao M, Liu T, Wang H, Wang X. Hydrogen bonds-triggered differential extraction efficiencies for bifenthrin by three polymeric ionic liquids with varying anions based on FT-IR spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13660-13672. [PMID: 35530395 PMCID: PMC9069304 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01371a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we fabricated three imidazolium-based polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) with different anions (P[VEIM]BF4, P[VEIM]PF6 and P[VEIM]Br), and analyzed their differential extraction efficiencies for bifenthrin through H-bonding induced effects. Three PILs all presented an irregular block structure with rough surface and lower specific-surface area (SSA, 11.2-18.7 m2 g-1) than carbon-based nanomaterials. They formed hydrogen bonds with free-water molecules in the lattice of PILs, including C2,4,5-H⋯O-H, Br⋯H-O-H⋯Br, O-H⋯Br, C2,4,5-H⋯F-P, P-F⋯H-O-H⋯F-P, C2,4,5-H⋯F-B and B-F⋯H-O-H⋯F-B. After extraction, the O-H stretching-vibration peak was prominently intensified, whereas the C-H bond varied slightly concomitant with reduced B-F and P-F vibration. Theoretically, the C-H vibration should become more intense in the C4,5-H⋯H2O and C2-H⋯H2O bonds after extraction in contrast to before extraction. These contrary spectral changes demonstrated that the hydrogen bonds between cations in the PILs and free-water molecules were broken after extraction, yielding the H-bonding occurrence between bifenthrin and H-O-H in the lattice. As a time indicator for the free-water binding and releasing process, the highest slope for the plot of I t /I 0 against time implied that the shortest time was required for P[VEIM]PF6 to reach an adsorption equilibrium. Overall, the strong hydrophobicity, small SSA and electrostatic-repulsion force for P[VEIM]PF6 are all not conducive to its efficient adsorption. Beyond our anticipation, P[VEIM]PF6 provided the highest extraction recovery for bifenthrin up to 92.4% among three PILs. Therefore, these data lead us to posit that the above high efficiency results from the strongest H-bonding effect between P[VEIM]PF6 and bifenthrin. These findings promote our deep understanding of PILs-triggered differential efficiency through a H-bonding induced effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou 215009 China
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11
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Cellulose nanocrystals preparation from microcrystalline cellulose using ionic liquid-DMSO binary mixture as a processing medium. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Xue Y, Qi L, Lin Z, Yang G, He M, Chen J. High-Strength Regenerated Cellulose Fiber Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibril and Nanosilica. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2664. [PMID: 34685105 PMCID: PMC8539181 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel type of high-strength regenerated cellulose composite fiber reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanosilica (nano-SiO2) was prepared. Adding 1% CNF and 1% nano-SiO2 to pulp/AMIMCl improved the tensile strength of the composite cellulose by 47.46%. The surface of the regenerated fiber exhibited a scaly structure with pores, which could be reduced by adding CNF and nano-SiO2, resulting in the enhancement of physical strength of regenerated fibers. The cellulose/AMIMCl mixture with or without the addition of nanomaterials performed as shear thinning fluids, also known as "pseudoplastic" fluids. Increasing the temperature lowered the viscosity. The yield stress and viscosity sequences were as follows: RCF-CNF2 > RCF-CNF2-SiO22 > RCF-SiO22 > RCF > RCF-CNF1-SiO21. Under the same oscillation frequency, G' and G" decreased with the increase of temperature, which indicated a reduction in viscoelasticity. A preferred cellulose/AMIMCl mixture was obtained with the addition of 1% CNF and 1% nano-SiO2, by which the viscosity and shear stress of the adhesive were significantly reduced at 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
| | - Letian Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (L.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Zhaoyun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (L.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Guihua Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (L.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Ming He
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (L.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiachuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; (L.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.C.)
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