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Miyan L, Adam AMA, Refat MS, Alsuhaibani AM. 2-aminopyrimidine-oxalic acid liquid–liquid charge-transfer interactions: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterizations, and the effect of temperature. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Refat MS, Albogami B, Adam AMA, Saad HA, Alsuhaibani AM, Miyan L, Hegab MS. Charge-transfer chemistry of two corticosteroids used adjunctively to treat COVID-19. Part II: The CT reaction of hydrocortisone and dexamethasone donors with TCNQ and fluoranil acceptors in five organic solvents. J Mol Liq 2022; 363:119878. [PMID: 35880006 PMCID: PMC9300052 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocortisone (termed as D1) and dexamethasone (termed as D2) are corticosteroids currently used to treat COVID-19. COVID-19 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Exploring additional chemical properties of drugs used in the treatment protocols for COVID-19 could help scientists alike improve these treatment protocols and potentially even the vaccines (i.e., Janssen, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech). In this work, the charge-transfer (CT) properties of these two corticosteroids (D1 and D2) with two universal acceptors: 7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (termed as TCNQ) and fluoranil (termed as TFQ) in five different solvents were investigated. The examined solvents were MeOH, EtOH, MeCN, CH2Cl2, and CHCl3. The CT interactions formed stable corticosteroid CT complexes in all examined solvents. Several spectroscopic parameters were derived, and the oscillator strength (f) and transition dipole moment (μe.g.) values revealed that the interaction between the investigated corticosteroids with TCNQ acceptor is much stronger than their interaction with TFQ acceptor. The CT interactions were proposed to process via n → π* transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander Albogami
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Majid A Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah Mohammed Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lal Miyan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002(UP), India
| | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Deanship of Supportive Studies (D.S.S.), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Hazmi GH, Hassanien A, Atta A, Refat MS, Saad HA, Shakya S, Adam AMA. Supramolecular charge-transfer complex generated by the interaction between tin(II) 2,3-naphtalocyanine as a donor with DDQ as an acceptor: Spectroscopic studies in solution state and theoretical calculations. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Adam AMA, Saad HA, Refat MS, Hegab MS, Al-Hazmi GH, Mohammed Alsuhaibani A, Mohamed H. The derivation and characterization of quinine charge-transfer complexes with inorganic and organic acceptors in liquid and solid form. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adam AMA, Saad HA, Refat MS, Hegab MS. Charge-transfer chemistry of two corticosteroids used adjunctively to treat COVID-19. Part I: Complexation of hydrocortisone and dexamethasone donors with DDQ acceptor in five organic solvents. J Mol Liq 2022; 357:119092. [PMID: 35431374 PMCID: PMC8989686 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is the disease caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV) named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (termed SARS coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2). Since the first case reported in December 2019, infections caused by this novel virus have led to a continuous global pandemic that has placed an unprecedented burden on health, economic, and social systems worldwide. In response, multiple therapeutic options have been developed to stop this pandemic. One of these options is based on traditional corticosteroids, however, chemical modifications to enhance their efficacy remain largely unexplored. Obtaining additional insight into the chemical and physical properties of pharmacologically effective drugs used to combat COVID-19 will help physicians and researchers alike to improve current treatments and vaccines (i.e., Pfizer-BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Janssen). Herein, we examined the charge-transfer properties of two corticosteroids used as adjunctive therapies in the treatment of COVID-19, hydrocortisone and dexamethasone, as donors with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone as an acceptor in various solvents. We found that the examined donors reacted strongly with the acceptor in CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 solvents to create stable compounds with novel clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Majid A Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Deanship of Supportive Studies (D.S.S.), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Adam AMA, Saad HA, Refat MS, Hegab MS. Charge-transfer complexes of antipsychotic drug sulpiride with inorganic and organic acceptors generated through two different approaches: Spectral characterization. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Adam AMA, Saad HA, Atta A, Alsawat M, Hegab MS, Refat MS, Altalhi TA, Alosaimi E, Younes AA. Usefulness of charge-transfer interaction between urea and vacant orbital acceptors to generate novel adsorbent material for the adsorption of pesticides from irrigation water. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Analysis of charge-transfer complexes caused by the interaction of the antihypertensive drug valsartan with several acceptors in CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 solvents and correlations between their spectroscopic parameters. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Quinine Charge Transfer Complexes with 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-benzoquinone and 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane: Spectroscopic Characterization and Theoretical Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12030978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The molecular charge transfer reactions of quinine (Q) with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as a p-acceptor to form charge transfer (CT) complexes have been studied. The CT complexes were characterized by infrared spectra, NMR, mass spectrometry, conductometry and spectrometry. The Q-DDQ and Q-TCNQ charge transfer complexes were monitored at 480 and 843 nm, respectively. The results confirm the formation of CT complexes. The molar ratio of Q:DDQ and Q: TCNQ assessed using Job’s method was 1:1, which agrees with the results obtained by the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The stability of the formed CT complexes was assessed by measuring different spectroscopic parameters such as oscillator strength, transition dipole moment, ionization potential, the energy of CT complex, resonance energy, dissociation energy and standard free energy change. The DFT geometry optimization of quinine, DDQ and TCNQ, its charge transfer complex, and UV theoretical vs. experimental comparative study were carried out. The theoretical and experimental results agreed. DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory was used for the investigation of charge transfer between quinine as electron donor and (DDQ and TNCQ) as electron acceptors. The geometric structures, orbital energies, HOMO, LUMO and energy gaps were determined. The transition energies of the charge transfer complexes were computed using the TD-DFT/B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. The computed parameters were comparable to the experimental parameters, and the computational results aided in the analysis of the data.
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Utilization of charge-transfer complexation to generate carbon-based nanomaterial for the adsorption of pollutants from contaminated water: Reaction between urea and vacant orbital acceptors. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Majid A. Adam A, Refat MS, Altalhi TA, Aldawsari FS, Al-Hazmi GH. Liquid− and solid−state study of charge-transfer (CT) interaction between drug triamterene as a donor and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) as an acceptor. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Charge-transfer (CT) dynamics of triamterene with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone acceptor: A n → π* model CT complex generated by liquid- and solid-state reactions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Adam AMA, Altalhi TA, Saad HA, Alsuhaibani AM, Refat MS, Hegab MS. Correlations between spectroscopic data for charge-transfer complexes of two artificial sweeteners, aspartame and neotame, generated with several π-acceptors. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Al-Humaidi JY, El-Sayed MY, Refat MS, Altalhi TA, Eldaroti HH. Spectrophotometric studies on the charge transfer interactions between thiazolidine as a donor and three π-acceptors: p-Chloranil (CHL), DDQ and TCNQ. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Adam AMA, Saad HA, Alsuhaibani AM, Refat MS, Hegab MS. Charge-transfer chemistry of azithromycin, the antibiotic used worldwide to treat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Part III: A green protocol for facile synthesis of complexes with TCNQ, DDQ, and TFQ acceptors. J Mol Liq 2021; 335:116250. [PMID: 33903781 PMCID: PMC8061087 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Investigating the chemical properties of molecules used to combat the COVID-19 pandemic is of vital and pressing importance. In continuation of works aimed to explore the charge-transfer chemistry of azithromycin, the antibiotic used worldwide to treat COVID-19, the disease resulting from infection with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, in this work, a highly efficient, simple, clean, and eco-friendly protocol was used for the facile synthesis of charge-transfer complexes (CTCs) containing azithromycin and three π-acceptors: 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ), and tetrafluoro-1,4-benzoquinone (TFQ). This protocol involves grinding bulk azithromycin as the donor (D) with the investigated acceptors at a 1:1 M ratio at room temperature without any solvent. We found that this protocol is environmentally benign, avoids hazardous organic solvents, and generates the desired CTCs with excellent yield (92–95%) in a straightforward means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Majid A Adam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amnah M Alsuhaibani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moamen S Refat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Deanship of Supportive Studies (D.S.S.), Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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