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Guo S, Guo Y, Huang M, Qian L, Su Z, Chen QY, Wu C, Liu C. Synthesis, Surface Activity, and Foamability of Two Short-Chain Fluorinated Sulfonate Surfactants with Ether Bonds. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14519-14527. [PMID: 37802506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated surfactants are widely used in many fields because of their excellent surface active properties, but their high stability has caused many environmental problems. With the ban and restriction of classical long-chain fluorinated surfactants such as perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) worldwide, the development and replacement of their alternatives is now a major challenge. How to reduce environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and biotoxicity while maintaining high surface activity has become an important issue in the development of fluorinated surfactants. Using short-chain fluorinated surfactants is one of the important solutions to resolve the pollution of organic fluorinated compounds. In this article, we synthesized two short-chain fluorinated surfactants with ether bonds. One of them 6:2 FTESNa (2) used the perfluoroalkyl chain (n-C6F13-) and the other C72 FEESNa (4) used the fluoroether segment with six fluorinated carbons and two oxygens (CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF(CF3)). The surface activity, foam performance, and wettability of the two molecules were measured. The surface tensions at critical micelle concentration (γcmc) and the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of 2 and 4 were 17.6 mN/m (2.2 g/L) and 20.2 mN/m (4.6 g/L), respectively. Both of them were significantly superior to the surface activity of 6:2 FTSNa (7) which is one of the current alternatives for PFOS. Additionally, the foamability and foam stability of both 2 and 4 were better than that of 7. In the aspect of wettability on PTFE, that of 4 was greater than those of 2 and 7. In summary, this work provided a new choice for alternatives of PFOS and PFOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanwei Guo
- School of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meiwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Libo Qian
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoben Su
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing-Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengying Wu
- Sanming Hexafluo Chemicals Company, Ltd., Fluorinated New Material Industry Park, Mingxi, Sanming, Fujian 365200, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
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Li Q, Yu X, Lin J, Qiu K, Li H, Lu S. On the mechanism of enhanced foam stability by combining carboxylated cellulose nanofiber with hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon surfactants. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125012. [PMID: 37220851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of carboxylated cellulose nanofiber (CCNF) on the firefighting foam stability and stabilization mechanism is investigated. The results show that equilibrium surface tension of CTAB/FC1157 solution decreases when CCNF concentration increases to 0.5 wt%, while CCNF has little effect on that of SDS/FC1157 solution. Besides, when CCNF concentration of SDS/FC1157 solution increases to 1.0 wt%, the foam initial drainage is delayed for about 3 min. Increasing CCNF concentration can slow down foam coarsening process and liquid drainage process of SDS/FC1157 and CTAB/FC1157 solutions, improving the foam stability. The foam stability enhancement of CTAB/FC1157 solution is due to the formation of bulk aggregates and the increase of viscosity. However, the foam stability enhancement of SDS/FC1157 solution may be caused by the increase of viscosity. CCNF significantly reduces the foaming ability of CTAB/FC1157 solution when CCNF concentration is >0.5 wt%. Nevertheless, the foaming ability of SDS/FC1157 solution decreases significantly when CCNF concentration reaches 3.0 wt%, and its foaming ability remains higher than CTAB/FC1157 solution. The foaming ability of SDS/FC1157 solution is mainly dominated by viscosity, while that of CTAB/FC1157 solution is dominated by viscosity and adsorption kinetics. Adding CCNF is expected to enhance the stability of firefighting foam and increase the efficiency of extinguishing fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Jin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Ke Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Shouxiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
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Jennings J, Webster-Aikman RR, Ward-O’Brien N, Xie A, Beattie DL, Deane OJ, Armes SP, Ryan AJ. Hydrocarbon-Based Statistical Copolymers Outperform Block Copolymers for Stabilization of Ethanol-Water Foams. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39548-39559. [PMID: 35984897 PMCID: PMC9437873 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined block copolymers have been widely used as emulsifiers, stabilizers, and dispersants in the chemical industry for at least 50 years. In contrast, nature employs amphiphilic proteins as polymeric surfactants whereby the spatial distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids within the polypeptide chains is optimized for surface activity. Herein, we report that polydisperse statistical copolymers prepared by conventional free-radical copolymerization can provide superior foaming performance compared to the analogous diblock copolymers. A series of predominantly (meth)acrylic comonomers are screened to identify optimal surface activity for foam stabilization of aqueous ethanol solutions. In particular, all-acrylic statistical copolymers comprising trimethylhexyl acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate, P(TMHA-stat-PEGA), confer strong foamability and also lower the surface tension of a range of ethanol-water mixtures to a greater extent than the analogous block copolymers. For ethanol-rich hand sanitizer formulations, foam stabilization is normally achieved using environmentally persistent silicone-based copolymers or fluorinated surfactants. Herein, the best-performing fully hydrocarbon-based copolymer surfactants effectively stabilize ethanol-rich foams by a mechanism that resembles that of naturally-occurring proteins. This ability to reduce the surface tension of low-surface-energy liquids suggests a wide range of potential commercial applications.
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Yu X, Qiu K, Yu X, Li Q, Zong R, Lu S. Stability and thinning behaviour of aqueous foam films containing fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon surfactant mixtures. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jiang H, Kang W, Li X, Peng L, Yang H, Li Z, Wang J, Li W, Gao Z, Turtabayev S. Stabilization and performance of a novel viscoelastic N2 foam for enhanced oil recovery. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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