1
|
Samy M, Tang S, Zhang Y, Leung DYC. Understanding the variations in degradation pathways and generated by-products of antibiotics in modified TiO 2 and ZnO photodegradation systems: A comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122402. [PMID: 39243651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
This review examines various modification techniques, including metal doping, non-metal doping, multi doping, mixed doping, and the construction of heterojunction photocatalysts, for enhancing the performance of pure TiO2 and ZnO in the photodegradation of antibiotics. The study finds that mixed and multi doping approaches are more effective in improving photodegradation performance compared to single doping. Furthermore, the selection of suitable semiconductors for constructing heterojunction photocatalysts is crucial for achieving an efficient charge carrier separation. The environmental impacts, recent research, and real application of photocatalysis process have been discussed. The review also investigates the impact of operating parameters on the degradation pathways and the generation of by-products for different antibiotics. Additionally, the toxicity of the by-products resulting from the photodegradation of antibiotics using modified ZnO and TiO2 photocatalysts is explored, revealing that these by-products may exhibit higher toxicity than the original antibiotics. Consequently, to enable the widespread implementation of photodegradation systems, researchers should focus on optimizing degradation systems to control the conversion pathways of by-products, developing innovative photoreactors, and evaluating toxicity in real wastewater matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Samy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; Public Works Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Shaoru Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yingguang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dennis Y C Leung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lian P, Qin A, Liu Z, Ma H, Liao L, Zhang K, Li N. Facile Synthesis to Porous TiO 2 Nanostructures at Low Temperature for Efficient Visible-Light Degradation of Tetracycline. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:943. [PMID: 38869568 PMCID: PMC11173820 DOI: 10.3390/nano14110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
In this study, nanoporous TiO2 with hierarchical micro/nanostructures was synthesized on a large scale by a facile one-step solvothermal method at a low temperature. A series of characterizations was performed and carried out on the as-prepared photocatalysts, which were applied to the degradation of the antibiotic tetracycline (TC). The results demonstrated that nanoporous TiO2 obtained at a solvothermal temperature of 100 °C had a spherical morphology with high crystallinity and a relatively large specific surface area, composed of a large number of nanospheres. The nanoporous TiO2 with hierarchical micro/nanostructures exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation activity for TC under simulated sunlight. The degradation rate was close to 100% after 30 min of UV light irradiation, and reached 79% only after 60 min of visible light irradiation, which was much better than the photodegradation performance of commercial TiO2 (only 29%). Moreover, the possible intermediates formed during the photocatalytic degradation of TC were explored by the density functional theory calculations and HPLC-MS spectra. Furthermore, two possible degradation routes were proposed, which provided experimental and theoretical support for the photocatalytic degradation of TC. In this study, we provide a new approach for the hierarchical micro/nanostructure of nanoporous TiO2, which can be applied in industrial manufacturing fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lian
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (P.L.); (L.L.); (K.Z.)
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (Z.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Aimiao Qin
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (P.L.); (L.L.); (K.Z.)
| | - Zhisen Liu
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (Z.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Hao Ma
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (Z.L.); (H.M.)
| | - Lei Liao
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (P.L.); (L.L.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kaiyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals & Materials, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (P.L.); (L.L.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ning Li
- College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; (Z.L.); (H.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wakjira T, Gemta AB, Kassahun GB, Andoshe DM, Tadele K. Bismuth-Based Z-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalysts for Remediation of Contaminated Water. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8709-8729. [PMID: 38434902 PMCID: PMC10905724 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural runoff, fuel spillages, urbanization, hospitalization, and industrialization are some of the serious problems currently facing the world. In particular, byproducts that are hazardous to the ecosystem have the potential to mix with water used for drinking. Over the last three decades, various techniques, including biodegradation, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), (e.g., photocatalysis, photo-Fenton oxidation, Fenton-like oxidation, and electrochemical oxidation process adsorption), filtration, and adsorption techniques, have been developed to remove hazardous byproducts. Among those, AOPs, photocatalysis has received special attention from the scientific community because of its unusual properties at the nanoscale and its layered structure. Recently, bismuth based semiconductor (BBSc) photocatalysts have played an important role in solving global energy demand and environmental pollution problems. In particular, bismuth-based Z-scheme heterojunction (BBZSH) is considered the best alternative route to overhaul the limitations of single-component BBSc photocatalysts. This work aims to review recent studies on a new type of BBZSH photocatalysts for the treatment of contaminated water. The general overview of the synthesis methods, efficiency-enhancing strategies, classifications of BBSc and Z-scheme heterojunctions, the degradation mechanisms of Z- and S-schemes, and the application of BBZSH photocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes, antibiotics, aromatics compounds, endocrine-disrupting compounds, and volatile organic compounds are reviewed. Finally, challenges and the future perspective of BBZSH photocatalysts are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse
Lemma Wakjira
- Department
of Applied Physics, Adama Science and Technology
University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Belay Gemta
- Department
of Applied Physics, Adama Science and Technology
University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Beyene Kassahun
- Department
of Applied Physics, Adama Science and Technology
University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Dinsefa Mensur Andoshe
- Department
of Material Engineering, Adama Science and
Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Kumneger Tadele
- Department
of Applied Physics, Adama Science and Technology
University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Yu H, Zhai R, Zhang J, Gao C, Qi K, Yang L, Ma Q. Recent Progress in Photocatalytic Degradation of Water Pollution by Bismuth Tungstate. Molecules 2023; 28:8011. [PMID: 38138501 PMCID: PMC10745909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis has emerged as a highly promising, green, and efficient technology for degrading pollutants in wastewater. Among the various photocatalysts, Bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) has gained significant attention in the research community due to its potential in environmental remediation and photocatalytic energy conversion. However, the limited light absorption ability and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers hinder the further improvement of Bi2WO6's photocatalytic performance. This review aims to present recent advancements in the development of Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts. It delves into the photocatalytic mechanism of Bi2WO6 and summarizes the achieved photocatalytic characteristics by controlling its morphology, employing metal and non-metal doping, constructing semiconductor heterojunctions, and implementing defective engineering. Additionally, this review explores the practical applications of these modified Bi2WO6 photocatalysts in wastewater purification. Furthermore, this review addresses existing challenges and suggests prospects for the development of efficient Bi2WO6 photocatalysts. It is hoped that this comprehensive review will serve as a valuable reference and guide for researchers seeking to advance the field of Bi2WO6 photocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Microbial Remediation Technology of Yunnan Higher Education Institutes, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Ruiqi Zhai
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Cuiping Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biological Science, Dali University, Dali 671000, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Y.); (R.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.G.)
| | - Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of International Education, Dali University, Dali 671000, China;
| | - Qiang Ma
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xie WM, Wu Y, Yan WY, Ma Y, Meng H, Wang GX, Zhang LM, Jia GZ, Li WH, Xiao Y, Fang F. The erythromycin sorption removal at environmentally relevant concentration based on molecular imprinted polymer: Performance and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122425. [PMID: 37604393 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic pollution emerged in different environments has raised a great concern. Adsorption is an effective method to solve the problem. However, conventional adsorbents are not always efficient for antibiotic removal with interferences. Therefore, in this study, molecularly imprinted polymer (EMIP) with selective adsorption ability was prepared to remove a typical antibiotic-erythromycin (ERY) at environmentally relevant concentration. The specific surface area of EMIP was 265.62 m2/g with large pore volume, small pore size and hydrophobic surface. The adsorption capacity of EMIP was increased from 211.08 to 4015.51 μg/g when the concentration of ERY was increased from 5.00 to 100.00 μg/L. The isothermal adsorption process was fitted well with the Langmuir model. The adsorption kinetic could be well described by the pseudo-second-order model. With co-existing of interferences, the imprinting factor for ERY was 2.57, which demonstrated EMIP had good adsorption selectivity. After five consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments, the adsorption capacity of EMIP was still over 80%. The results of molecular dynamic simulation showed the adsorption energy between ERY and EMIP was high, which was favorable for ERY adsorption removal. Hopefully, the results of this study could provide new insights for trace antibiotic removal by molecular imprinting polymers in different aqueous environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Xie
- Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wan-Yang Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - You Ma
- Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Han Meng
- Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guo-Zheng Jia
- Jiangsu Engineering Lab of Water and Soil Eco-remediation, School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wei-Hua Li
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Hangzhou Environmental Protection Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group, Hangzhou, 311201, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khedr TM, El-Sheikh SM, Kowalska E. Bismuth Tungstate Nanoplates-Vis Responsive Photocatalyst for Water Oxidation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2438. [PMID: 37686946 PMCID: PMC10490350 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of visible-light-responsive (VLR) semiconductor materials for effective water oxidation is significant for a sustainable and better future. Among various candidates, bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6; BWO) has attracted extensive attention because of many advantages, including efficient light-absorption ability, appropriate redox properties (for O2 generation), adjustable morphology, low cost, and profitable chemical and optical characteristics. Accordingly, a facile solvothermal method has been proposed in this study to synthesize two-dimensional (2D) BWO nanoplates after considering the optimal preparation conditions (solvothermal reaction time: 10-40 h). To find the key factors of photocatalytic performance, various methods and techniques were used for samples' characterization, including XRD, FE-SEM, STEM, TEM, HRTEM, BET-specific surface area measurements, UV/vis DRS, and PL spectroscopy, and photocatalytic activity was examined for water oxidation under UV and/or visible-light (vis) irradiation. Famous commercial photocatalyst-P25 was used as a reference sample. It was found that BWO crystals grew anisotropically along the {001} basal plane to form nanoplates, and all properties were controlled simultaneously by tuning the synthesis time. Interestingly, the most active sample (under both UV and vis), prepared during the 30 h solvothermal reaction at 433 K (BWO-30), was characterized by the smallest specific surface area and the largest crystals. Accordingly, it is proposed that improved crystallinity (which hindered charge carriers' recombination, as confirmed by PL), efficient photoabsorption (using the smallest bandgap), and 2D mesoporous structure are responsible for the best photocatalytic performance of the BWO-30 sample. This report shows for the first time that 2D mesoporous BWO nanoplates might be successfully prepared through a facile template-free solvothermal approach. All the above-mentioned advantages suggest that nanostructured BWO is a prospective candidate for photocatalytic applications under natural solar irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Khedr
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Department, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87 Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
| | - Said M El-Sheikh
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Department, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), P.O. Box 87 Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
| | - Ewa Kowalska
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21, W10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu Z, Zhong Y, Hu Z, Zhang W, Zhang X, Ji X, Wang X. Modification of ZIF-8 nanocomposite by a Gd atom doped TiO2 for high efficiency photocatalytic degradation of neutral red dye: An experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
|
8
|
Musial J, Mlynarczyk DT, Stanisz BJ. Photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole using TiO 2-based materials - Perspectives for the development of a sustainable water treatment technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159122. [PMID: 36183772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide-based materials is considered a promising and innovative solution to the water pollution problem. However, due to the limitations concerning the use of the developed materials and the applied photodegradation conditions, the research on photoremediation using TiO2 often stays behind the lab door. The challenge is to convert the basic research into a successful innovation, leading to the implementation of this process into wastewater treatment. For this purpose, the most active materials and optimal photodegradation conditions must be chosen. This article collects and compares the studies on photocatalytic degradation of an emerging pollutant - sulfamethoxazole, an antibacterial drug - and attempts to find the best approaches to be successfully applied on an industrial scale. Various types of TiO2-based photocatalysts are compared, including different nanoforms, doped or polymer-based composites, composites with graphene, activated carbon, dyes or natural compounds, as well as possible supporting materials for TiO2. The paper covers the impact of the irradiation source (natural sunlight, LED, mercury or xenon lamps) and water matrix on the photodegradation process, considering the ecological and economic sustainability of the process. Emphasis is put on the stability, ease of separation and reuse of the photocatalyst, power and safety of the irradiation source, identification of photodegradation intermediates and toxicity assays. The main approaches are critically discussed, main challenges and perspectives for an effective photocatalytic water treatment technology are pointed out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Musial
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dariusz T Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Beata J Stanisz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Advances in Bi 2WO 6-Based Photocatalysts for Degradation of Organic Pollutants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248698. [PMID: 36557830 PMCID: PMC9785842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of modern industries, water pollution has become an urgent problem that endangers the health of human and wild animals. The photocatalysis technique is considered an environmentally friendly strategy for removing organic pollutants in wastewater. As an important member of Bi-series semiconductors, Bi2WO6 is widely used for fabricating high-performance photocatalysts. In this review, the recent advances of Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts are summarized. First, the controllable synthesis, surface modification and heteroatom doping of Bi2WO6 are introduced. In the respect of Bi2WO6-based composites, existing Bi2WO6-containing binary composites are classified into six types, including Bi2WO6/carbon or MOF composite, Bi2WO6/g-C3N4 composite, Bi2WO6/metal oxides composite, Bi2WO6/metal sulfides composite, Bi2WO6/Bi-series composite, and Bi2WO6/metal tungstates composite. Bi2WO6-based ternary composites are classified into four types, including Bi2WO6/g-C3N4/X, Bi2WO6/carbon/X, Bi2WO6/Au or Ag-based materials/X, and Bi2WO6/Bi-series semiconductors/X. The design, microstructure, and photocatalytic performance of Bi2WO6-based binary and ternary composites are highlighted. Finally, aimed at the existing problems in Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts, some solutions and promising research trends are proposed that would provide theoretical and practical guidelines for developing high-performance Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts.
Collapse
|
10
|
Musial J, Belet A, Mlynarczyk DT, Kryjewski M, Goslinski T, Lambert SD, Poelman D, Stanisz BJ. Nanocomposites of Titanium Dioxide and Peripherally Substituted Phthalocyanines for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193279. [PMID: 36234406 PMCID: PMC9565719 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are often used in photosensitization of titanium(IV) oxide, a commonly employed photocatalyst, as such an approach holds the promise of obtaining highly stable and efficient visible light-harvesting materials. Herein, we report on the preparation, characterization and photoactivity of a series of composites based on TiO2 and peripherally modified metallophthalocyanines: either tetrasulfonated or 4,4',4'',4'''-tetraazaphthalocyanines, with either copper(II), nickel(II) or zinc(II) as the central metal ion. Physicochemical characterization was performed using UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, hydrodynamic particle-size analysis, surface-area analysis using N2 adsorption-desorption measurements and thermogravimetry combined with differential scanning calorimetry. The band-gap energy values were lower for the composites with peripherally modified phthalocyanines than for the commercial TiO2 P25 or the unsubstituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine-grafted TiO2. TG-DSC results confirmed that the chemical deposition, used for the preparation of Pc/TiO2 composites, is a simple and efficient method for TiO2 surface modification, as all the Pc load was successfully grafted on TiO2. The photocatalytic potential of the Pc/TiO2 materials was assessed in the photocatalytic removal of sulfamethoxazole-a commonly used antibacterial drug of emerging ecological concern. To compare the activity of the materials in different conditions, photodegradation tests were conducted both in water and in an organic medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Musial
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Artium Belet
- Department of Chemical Engineering–Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, University of Liege, Building B6a, Allée du 6 Août 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michal Kryjewski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Goslinski
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Stéphanie D. Lambert
- Department of Chemical Engineering–Nanomaterials, Catalysis, Electrochemistry, University of Liege, Building B6a, Allée du 6 Août 11, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Dirk Poelman
- LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S1, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Beata J. Stanisz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|