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Abbasi M, Gupta V, Chitranshi N, Moustardas P, Ranjbaran R, Graham SL. Molecular Mechanisms of Glaucoma Pathogenesis with Implications to Caveolin Adaptor Protein and Caveolin-Shp2 Axis. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2051-2068. [PMID: 37962455 PMCID: PMC11346403 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common retinal disorder characterized by progressive optic nerve damage, resulting in visual impairment and potential blindness. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor, but some patients still experience disease progression despite IOP-lowering treatments. Genome-wide association studies have linked variations in the Caveolin1/2 (CAV-1/2) gene loci to glaucoma risk. Cav-1, a key protein in caveolae membrane invaginations, is involved in signaling pathways and its absence impairs retinal function. Recent research suggests that Cav-1 is implicated in modulating the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in retinal ganglion cells, which plays a critical role in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) health and protection against apoptosis. Understanding the interplay between these proteins could shed light on glaucoma pathogenesis and provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Abbasi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping Sweden
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Petros Moustardas
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping Sweden
| | - Reza Ranjbaran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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2
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Greatbatch CJ, Lu Q, Hung S, Tran SN, Wing K, Liang H, Han X, Zhou T, Siggs OM, Mackey DA, Liu GS, Cook AL, Powell JE, Craig JE, MacGregor S, Hewitt AW. Deep Learning-Based Identification of Intraocular Pressure-Associated Genes Influencing Trabecular Meshwork Cell Morphology. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100504. [PMID: 38682030 PMCID: PMC11046128 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Genome-wide association studies have recently uncovered many loci associated with variation in intraocular pressure (IOP). Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to interrogate the effect of specific genetic knockouts on the morphology of trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) and thus, IOP regulation. Design Experimental study. Subjects Primary TMCs collected from human donors. Methods Sixty-two genes at 55 loci associated with IOP variation were knocked out in primary TMC lines. All cells underwent high-throughput microscopy imaging after being stained with a 5-channel fluorescent cell staining protocol. A convolutional neural network was trained to distinguish between gene knockout and normal control cell images. The area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) metric was used to quantify morphological variation in gene knockouts to identify potential pathological perturbations. Main Outcome Measures Degree of morphological variation as measured by deep learning algorithm accuracy of differentiation from normal controls. Results Cells where LTBP2 or BCAS3 had been perturbed demonstrated the greatest morphological variation from normal TMCs (AUC 0.851, standard deviation [SD] 0.030; and AUC 0.845, SD 0.020, respectively). Of 7 multigene loci, 5 had statistically significant differences in AUC (P < 0.05) between genes, allowing for pathological gene prioritization. The mitochondrial channel most frequently showed the greatest degree of morphological variation (33.9% of cell lines). Conclusions We demonstrate a robust method for functionally interrogating genome-wide association signals using high-throughput microscopy and AI. Genetic variations inducing marked morphological variation can be readily identified, allowing for the gene-based dissection of loci associated with complex traits. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor J. Greatbatch
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Qinyi Lu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sandy Hung
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Son N. Tran
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kristof Wing
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Helena Liang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xikun Han
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tiger Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Owen M. Siggs
- Cellular Genomics Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Guei-Sheung Liu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony L. Cook
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Joseph E. Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Tevar A, Aroca-Aguilar JD, Bonet-Fernández JM, Atienzar-Aroca R, Campos-Mollo E, Méndez-Hernández C, Morales-Fernández L, Leal Palmer I, Coca-Prados M, Martinez-de-la-Casa JM, Garcia-Feijoo J, Escribano J. The Increased Burden of Rare Variants in Four Matrix Metalloproteinase-Related Genes in Childhood Glaucoma Suggests a Complex Genetic Inheritance of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5757. [PMID: 38891949 PMCID: PMC11171635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood glaucoma encompasses congenital and juvenile primary glaucoma, which are heterogeneous, uncommon, and irreversible optic neuropathies leading to visual impairment with a poorly understood genetic basis. Our goal was to identify gene variants associated with these glaucoma types by assessing the mutational burden in 76 matrix metalloproteinase-related genes. We studied 101 childhood glaucoma patients with no identified monogenic alterations using next-generation sequencing. Gene expression was assessed through immunohistochemistry. Functional analysis of selected gene variants was conducted in cultured cells and in zebrafish. Patients presented a higher proportion of rare variants in four metalloproteinase-related genes, including CPAMD8 and ADAMTSL4, compared to controls. ADAMTSL4 protein expression was observed in the anterior segment of both the adult human and zebrafish larvae's eye, including tissues associated with glaucoma. In HEK-293T cells, expression of four ADAMTSL4 variants identified in this study showed that two variants (p.Arg774Trp and p.Arg98Trp) accumulated intracellularly, inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Additionally, overexpressing these ADAMTSL4 variants in zebrafish embryos confirmed partial loss-of-function effects for p.Ser719Leu and p.Arg1083His. Double heterozygous functional suppression of adamtsl4 and cpamd8 zebrafish orthologs resulted in reduced volume of both the anterior eye chamber and lens within the chamber, supporting a genetic interaction between these genes. Our findings suggest that accumulation of partial functional defects in matrix metalloproteinase-related genes may contribute to increased susceptibility to early-onset glaucoma and provide further evidence supporting the notion of a complex genetic inheritance pattern underlying the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Tevar
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (A.T.); (J.-D.A.-A.); (J.-M.B.-F.); (R.A.-A.)
- Biomedicine Institute, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
- Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Pathology, Visual and Life Quality (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (C.M.-H.); (L.M.-F.); (J.-M.M.-d.-l.-C.); (J.G.-F.)
| | - José-Daniel Aroca-Aguilar
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (A.T.); (J.-D.A.-A.); (J.-M.B.-F.); (R.A.-A.)
- Biomedicine Institute, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
- Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Pathology, Visual and Life Quality (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (C.M.-H.); (L.M.-F.); (J.-M.M.-d.-l.-C.); (J.G.-F.)
| | - Juan-Manuel Bonet-Fernández
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (A.T.); (J.-D.A.-A.); (J.-M.B.-F.); (R.A.-A.)
- Biomedicine Institute, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
- Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Pathology, Visual and Life Quality (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (C.M.-H.); (L.M.-F.); (J.-M.M.-d.-l.-C.); (J.G.-F.)
| | - Raquel Atienzar-Aroca
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (A.T.); (J.-D.A.-A.); (J.-M.B.-F.); (R.A.-A.)
- Biomedicine Institute, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
- Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Pathology, Visual and Life Quality (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (C.M.-H.); (L.M.-F.); (J.-M.M.-d.-l.-C.); (J.G.-F.)
| | - Ezequiel Campos-Mollo
- Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Pathology, Visual and Life Quality (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (C.M.-H.); (L.M.-F.); (J.-M.M.-d.-l.-C.); (J.G.-F.)
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Virgen de los Lirios, 03804 Alcoy, Spain;
| | - Carmen Méndez-Hernández
- Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Pathology, Visual and Life Quality (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (C.M.-H.); (L.M.-F.); (J.-M.M.-d.-l.-C.); (J.G.-F.)
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Morales-Fernández
- Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Pathology, Visual and Life Quality (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (C.M.-H.); (L.M.-F.); (J.-M.M.-d.-l.-C.); (J.G.-F.)
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñaki Leal Palmer
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Virgen de los Lirios, 03804 Alcoy, Spain;
| | - Miguel Coca-Prados
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University Medical School, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Jose-Maria Martinez-de-la-Casa
- Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Pathology, Visual and Life Quality (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (C.M.-H.); (L.M.-F.); (J.-M.M.-d.-l.-C.); (J.G.-F.)
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Garcia-Feijoo
- Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Pathology, Visual and Life Quality (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (C.M.-H.); (L.M.-F.); (J.-M.M.-d.-l.-C.); (J.G.-F.)
- Servicio de Oftalmología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oftalmológicas Ramón Castroviejo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Escribano
- Área de Genética, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain; (A.T.); (J.-D.A.-A.); (J.-M.B.-F.); (R.A.-A.)
- Biomedicine Institute, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
- Cooperative Research Network on Age-Related Ocular Pathology, Visual and Life Quality (OFTARED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-M.); (C.M.-H.); (L.M.-F.); (J.-M.M.-d.-l.-C.); (J.G.-F.)
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Zhang X, Xi G, Feng P, Li C, Kuehn MH, Zhu W. Intraocular pressure across the lifespan of Tg-MYOC Y437H mice. Exp Eye Res 2024; 241:109855. [PMID: 38453040 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Transgenic C57BL/6 mice expressing human myocilinY437 (Tg-MYOCY437H) are a well-established model for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). While the reduced trabecular meshwork (TM) cellularity due to severe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been characterized as the etiology of this model, there is a limited understanding of how glaucomatous phenotypes evolve over the lifespan of Tg-MyocY437H mice. In this study, we compiled the model's intraocular pressure (IOP) data recorded in our laboratory from 2017 to 2023 and selected representative eyes to measure the outflow facility (Cr), a critical parameter indicating the condition of the conventional TM pathway. We found that Tg-MYOCY437H mice aged 4-12 months exhibited significantly higher IOPs than age-matched C57BL/6 mice. Notably, a decline in IOP was observed in Tg-MYOCY437H mice at 17-24 months of age, a phenomenon not attributable to the gene dosage of mutant myocilin. Measurements of the Cr of Tg-MYOCY437H mice indicated that the age-related IOP reduction was not a result of ongoing TM damage. Instead, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, immunohistochemistry analysis, and transmission electron microscopic examination revealed that this reduction might be induced by degenerations of the non-pigmented epithelium in the ciliary body of aged Tg-MYOCY437H mice. Overall, our findings provide a comprehensive profile of mutant myocilin-induced ocular changes over the Tg-MYOCY437H mouse lifespan and suggest a specific temporal window of elevated IOP that may be ideal for experimental purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Gaiping Xi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Pengchao Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Markus H Kuehn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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5
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El Helwe H, Samuel S, Gupta S, Neeson C, Chachanidze M, Solá-Del Valle DA. Case Report: Reversal and subsequent return of optic disc cupping in a myocilin (MYOC) gene-associated severe Juvenile Open-Angle Glaucoma (JOAG) patient. F1000Res 2022; 11:1361. [PMID: 38868171 PMCID: PMC11167334 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127871.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, this case report describes the first instance of reversal of glaucomatous optic nerve cupping in a young adult with a rare form of juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) associated with a novel variant of the myocilin gene (MYOC). This 25-year-old woman with severe-stage MYOC-associated JOAG presented with blurry vision and intermittent pain in her left eye. She had a strong family history of glaucoma in multiple first-degree relatives with an identified novel variant of MYOC. Examination revealed intraocular pressures (IOPs) of 10 mmHg OD and 46 mmHg OS, with cup-to-disc ratios of 0.90 and 0.80. The patient experienced substantial reversal of optic disc cupping OS following dramatic IOP reduction with trabeculectomy, and subsequently experienced a return of cupping after an IOP spike 15 months postoperatively. The reversal of cupping did not correspond to any changes in the patient's visual field. After an initial decrease in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, RNFL remained stable for over 2 years after trabeculectomy as seen on Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). This case suggests reversal of cupping can occur well into adulthood in a MYOC-associated JOAG patient, and it demonstrates the potential bidirectionality of this phenomenon. Moreover, it suggests that these structural changes may not correspond to any functional changes in visual fields or RNFL thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani El Helwe
- Glaucoma Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Sandy Samuel
- Glaucoma Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Sanchay Gupta
- Glaucoma Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Cameron Neeson
- Glaucoma Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Marika Chachanidze
- Glaucoma Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
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Askari S, Azizi F, Javadpour P, Karimi N, Ghasemi R. Endoplasmic reticulum stress as an underlying factor in leading causes of blindness and potential therapeutic effects of 4-phenylbutyric acid: from bench to bedside. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2022.2145945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Askari
- Neuroscience Research center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Azizi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Javadpour
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Karimi
- Eye and Skull Base Research Centers, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran5Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Sharma R, Kumari A, Kundu B, Grover A. Amyloid fibrillation of the glaucoma associated myocilin protein is inhibited by epicatechin gallate (ECG). RSC Adv 2022; 12:29469-29481. [PMID: 36320765 PMCID: PMC9562371 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05061g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited glaucoma is a recent addition to the inventory of diseases arising due to protein misfolding. Mutations in the olfactomedin (OLF) domain of myocilin are the most common genetic cause behind this disease. Disease associated variants of m-OLF are predisposed to misfold and aggregate in the trabecular meshwork (TM) tissue of the eye. In recent years, the nature of these aggregates was revealed to exhibit the hallmarks of amyloids. Amyloid aggregates are highly stable structures that are formed, often with toxic consequences in a number of debilitating diseases. In spite of its clinical relevance the amyloidogenic nature of m-OLF has not been studied adequately. Here we have studied the amyloid fibrillation of m-OLF and report ECG as an inhibitor against it. Using biophysical and biochemical assays, coupled with advanced microscopic evaluations we show that ECG binds and stabilizes native m-OLF and thus prevents its aggregation into amyloid fibrils. Furthermore, we have used REMD simulations to delineate the stabilizing effects of ECG on the structure of m-OLF. Collectively, we report ECG as a molecular scaffold for designing and testing of novel inhibitors against m-OLF amyloid fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi-110067India+91-8130738032
| | - Anchala Kumari
- Indian Council of Medical Research, International Health DivisionNew Delhi-110029India
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology DelhiHauz KhasNew DelhiIndia – 110016
| | - Abhinav Grover
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi-110067India+91-8130738032
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Sun D, Zhan Z, Zeng R, Liu X, Wang B, Yang F, Huang S, Li Y, Yang Z, Su Y, Lan Y. Long-term and potent IOP-lowering effect of IκBα-siRNA in a nonhuman primate model of chronic ocular hypertension. iScience 2022; 25:104149. [PMID: 35445186 PMCID: PMC9014385 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of irreversible blindness. It is acknowledged that lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the effective treatment to slow glaucoma disease progression. The main obstacle of existing drugs is that the effect of reducing IOP does not last long. Degradation of IκB stimulates the transcription of NF-κB, which could upregulate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Whether a IκB-targeted gene therapy works in glaucoma is unclear. Here, we established a chronic ocular hypertension (COHT) model in rhesus monkey by laser photocoagulation and verified that intracameral delivery of IκBα-siRNA showed long-lasting and potent effects of reducing IOP without obvious inflammation in monkeys with COHT. We also verified that IκBα-siRNA could increase the expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 by knocking down IκBα in vitro and in vivo. Our results in nonhuman primates indicated that IκBα-siRNA may become a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of glaucoma. Knocking down IκBα could upregulate the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in MCM and MTM LP could induce COHT model in rhesus monkeys successfully IκBα-siRNA has a long-term and potent IOP-lowering effect in LP-induced monkeys with COHT
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Affiliation(s)
- Difang Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyi Zhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sa Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfeng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Lee CC, Wang TC, Wang HY, Hsu B, Shih RJ, Lo NW, Wang CY. Association Between HSPA5 Promoter Polymorphisms and a Reduced Risk of Normal Tension Glaucoma. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 65:474-480. [PMID: 35378534 DOI: 10.1159/000524173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Normal Tension Glaucoma (NTG), factors other than elevated Intraocular Pressure (IOP) are likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of optic neuropathy. The potential similarities between Alzheimer's disease and NTG in cellular apoptosis leading to neuro-degeneration have been shown in recent studies. HSPA5 (Heat Shock Protein family A member 5) promoter polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with a risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of HSPA5 promoter polymorphisms in NTG patients. METHODS A total of 222 patients with NTG, along with 236 normal controls were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA was amplified through a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and identified for the polymorphic HSPA5 (-415 and -370) by Xmn1 and BstY1 restriction digestion, respectively. PCR fragments with potential polymorphic HSPA5 (-180) were subjected to sequence-analyses by a Hex-labeled primer. Genotypes for both the NTG patients and control groups were compared for statistically significant differences. RESULTS Polymorphisms (-415) G/A and (-180) del/G were completely linked in our population. The genotype and allele frequency distribution at the -415 G/A and -180 del/G sites showed a significant difference between the NTG cases and controls. The genotype frequency of HSPA5 (-415) AA / (-180) GG and the allele frequency of HSPA5 (-415) A / (-180) G were significantly lower (p=0.04 and p= 0.01, respectively) in the NTG patients when compared with those in the control group. There was no significant difference in genotype or allele frequency distribution of the HSPA5 (-370) C/T between the NTG and control groups. There was a reduced risk of NTG associated with the carriers for the HSPA5 (-415) A / (-180 ) G allele compared with that in the control population (p=0.01). CONCLUSION HSPA5 (-415) A and (-180) G allele polymorphisms may be protective factors in the development of NTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Chi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,
| | - Tzu Chen Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tung-Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Yu Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tung-Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bin Hsu
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tung-Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rong Jhen Shih
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tung-Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Neng Wen Lo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tung-Hai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun Yuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Zhou HL, Premont RT, Stamler JS. The manifold roles of protein S-nitrosylation in the life of insulin. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:111-128. [PMID: 34789923 PMCID: PMC8889587 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, which is released by pancreatic islet β-cells in response to elevated levels of glucose in the blood, is a critical regulator of metabolism. Insulin triggers the uptake of glucose and fatty acids into the liver, adipose tissue and muscle, and promotes the storage of these nutrients in the form of glycogen and lipids. Dysregulation of insulin synthesis, secretion, transport, degradation or signal transduction all cause failure to take up and store nutrients, resulting in type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic dysfunction. In this Review, we make the case that insulin signalling is intimately coupled to protein S-nitrosylation, in which nitric oxide groups are conjugated to cysteine thiols to form S-nitrosothiols, within effectors of insulin action. We discuss the role of S-nitrosylation in the life cycle of insulin, from its synthesis and secretion in pancreatic β-cells, to its signalling and degradation in target tissues. Finally, we consider how aberrant S-nitrosylation contributes to metabolic diseases, including the roles of human genetic mutations and cellular events that alter S-nitrosylation of insulin-regulating proteins. Given the growing influence of S-nitrosylation in cellular metabolism, the field of metabolic signalling could benefit from renewed focus on S-nitrosylation in type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Lin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan S Stamler
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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11
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Tanji T, Cohen E, Shen D, Zhang C, Yu F, Coleman AL, Zheng JJ. Age at Glaucoma Diagnosis in Germline Myocilin Mutation Patients: Associations with Polymorphisms in Protein Stabilities. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111802. [PMID: 34828408 PMCID: PMC8623052 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) as the only known modifiable risk factor. Trabecular meshwork (TM)-inducible myocilin (the MYOC gene) was the first to be identified and linked to juvenile and primary open-angle glaucoma. It has been suggested that mutations in the MYOC gene and the aggregation of mutant myocilin in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of TM may cause ER stress, resulting in a reduced outflow of aqueous humor and an increase in IOP. We selected 20 MYOC mutations with experimentally determined melting temperatures of mutated myocilin proteins. We included 40 published studies with at least one glaucoma patient with one of these 20 MYOC mutations and information on age at glaucoma diagnosis. Based on data from 458 patients, we found that a statistically significant but weak correlation was present between age and melting temperature based on various assumptions for age. We therefore conclude that genetic analysis of MYOC mutations alone cannot be used to accurately predict age at glaucoma diagnosis. However, it might be an important prognostic factor combined with other clinical factors for critical and early detection of glaucoma.
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12
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Sharma R, Grover A. Myocilin-associated Glaucoma: A Historical Perspective and Recent Research Progress. Mol Vis 2021; 27:480-493. [PMID: 34497454 PMCID: PMC8403517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma a debilitating disease, is globally the second most common kind of permanent blindness. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is its most prevalent form and is often linked with alterations in the myocilin gene (MYOC). MYOC encodes the myocilin protein, which is expressed throughout the body, but primarily in trabecular meshwork (TM) tissue in the eyes. TM is principally involved in regulating intraocular pressure (IOP), and elevated IOP is the main risk factor associated with glaucoma. The myocilin protein's function remains unknown; however, mutations compromise its folding and processing inside TM cells, contributing to the glaucoma phenotype. While glaucoma is a complex disease with various molecules and factors as contributing causes, the role played by myocilin has been the most widely studied. The current review describes the present understanding of myocilin and its association with glaucoma and aims to shift the focus toward developing targeted therapies for treating glaucoma patients with variations in MYOC.
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13
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Ying Y, Xue R, Yang Y, Zhang SX, Xiao H, Zhu H, Li J, Chen G, Ye Y, Yu M, Liu X, Zhong Y. Activation of ATF4 triggers trabecular meshwork cell dysfunction and apoptosis in POAG. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8628-8642. [PMID: 33714955 PMCID: PMC8034903 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Dysfunction of the trabecular meshwork (TM), resulting in decreased outflow of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure (IOP), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of POAG. However, the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the eIF2-α/ATF4/CHOP branch of unfolded protein response (UPR) was activated in human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) upon tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) exposure. Inhibition of ATF4 ameliorated TBHP-induced apoptosis and inflammatory cytokine production, while ectopic expression of ATF4 increased the expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM)-1 and IL-8 in HTMCs. Furthermore, we found that ATF4 inhibition reduced tunicamycin-induced caspase-3 activation, ROS production, ELAM-1 expression, and HTMCs phagocytosis impairment. By an in vivo study in mice, we showed that overexpression of ATF4 in the TM induced C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression and TM cells apoptosis, contributing to inflammatory cytokine production, and probably IOP elevation. More importantly, upregulation of ATF4 and CHOP, and colocalization of ATF4 with ELAM-1 were found in the TM of POAG patients. These results suggest that ATF4 is a critical mediator of oxidative stress and ER stress-induced TM cell dysfunction and apoptosis in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ying
- Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Ross Eye Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14209, USA.,SUNY Eye Institute, State University of New York, New York, NY 10036, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi an, Shanxi, China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiming Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yimin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Kasetti RB, Maddineni P, Kiehlbauch C, Patil S, Searby CC, Levine B, Sheffield VC, Zode GS. Autophagy stimulation reduces ocular hypertension in a murine glaucoma model via autophagic degradation of mutant myocilin. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143359. [PMID: 33539326 PMCID: PMC8021112 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) due to trabecular meshwork (TM) damage is associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Myocilin mutations resulting in elevated IOP are the most common genetic causes of POAG. We have previously shown that mutant myocilin accumulates in the ER and induces chronic ER stress, leading to TM damage and IOP elevation. However, it is not understood how chronic ER stress leads to TM dysfunction and loss. Here, we report that mutant myocilin activated autophagy but was functionally impaired in cultured human TM cells and in a mouse model of myocilin-associated POAG (Tg-MYOCY437H). Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of autophagy worsened mutant myocilin accumulation and exacerbated IOP elevation in Tg-MYOCY437H mice. Remarkably, impaired autophagy was associated with chronic ER stress-induced transcriptional factor CHOP. Deletion of CHOP corrected impaired autophagy, enhanced recognition and degradation of mutant myocilin by autophagy, and reduced glaucoma in Tg-MYOCY437H mice. Stimulating autophagic flux via tat-beclin 1 peptide or torin 2 promoted autophagic degradation of mutant myocilin and reduced elevated IOP in Tg-MYOCY437H mice. Our study provides an alternate treatment strategy for myocilin-associated POAG by correcting impaired autophagy in the TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B. Kasetti
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Prabhavathi Maddineni
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Charles Kiehlbauch
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Shruti Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Charles C. Searby
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Val C. Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Gulab S. Zode
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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15
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Tabak S, Schreiber-Avissar S, Beit-Yannai E. Crosstalk between MicroRNA and Oxidative Stress in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2421. [PMID: 33670885 PMCID: PMC7957693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a chronic neurodegenerative disease that damages the trabecular meshwork (TM) cells, inducing apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells (RGC), deteriorating the optic nerve head, and leading to blindness. Aqueous humor (AH) outflow resistance and intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation contribute to disease progression. Nevertheless, despite the existence of pharmacological and surgical treatments, there is room for the development of additional treatment approaches. The following review is aimed at investigating the role of different microRNAs (miRNAs) in the expression of genes and proteins involved in the regulation of inflammatory and degenerative processes, focusing on the delicate balance of synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) regulated by chronic oxidative stress in POAG related tissues. The neutralizing activity of a couple of miRNAs was described, suggesting effective downregulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), Wnt/β-Catenin, and PI3K/AKT. In addition, with regards to the elevated IOP in many POAG patients due to increased outflow resistance, Collagen type I degradation was stimulated by some miRNAs and prevented ECM deposition in TM cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a consequence of oxidative stress was suppressed following exposure to different miRNAs. In contrast, increased oxidative damage by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway was described as part of the action of selected miRNAs. Summarizing, specific miRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets for lowering or preventing oxidative stress injury in POAG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elie Beit-Yannai
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (S.T.); (S.S.-A.)
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16
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Beutgen VM, Pfeiffer N, Grus FH. Serological Levels of Anti-clathrin Antibodies Are Decreased in Patients With Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616421. [PMID: 33679756 PMCID: PMC7933590 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for immunologic contribution to glaucoma pathophysiology is steadily increasing in ophthalmic research. Particularly, an altered abundance of circulating autoantibodies to ocular antigens is frequently observed. Here, we report an analysis of autoantibody abundancies to selected antigens in sera of open-angle glaucoma patients, subdivided into normal-tension glaucoma (N = 31), primary open-angle glaucoma (N = 43) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (N = 45), vs. a non-glaucomatous control group (N = 46). Serum samples were analyzed by protein microarray, including 38 antigens. Differences in antibody levels were assessed by ANOVA. Five serological antibodies showed significantly altered levels among the four groups (P < 0.05), which can be used to cluster the subjects in groups consisting mainly of PEXG or POAG/NTG samples. Among the altered autoantibodies, anti-Clathrin antibodies were identified as most important subgroup predictors, enhancing prospective glaucoma subtype prediction. As a second aim, we wanted to gain further insights into the characteristics of previously identified glaucoma-related antigens and their role in glaucoma pathogenesis. To this end, we used the bioinformatics toolset of Metascape to construct protein-protein interaction networks and GO enrichment analysis. Glaucoma-related antigens were significantly enriched in 13 biological processes, including mRNA metabolism, protein folding, blood coagulation and apoptosis, proposing a link of glaucoma-associated pathways to changes in the autoantibody repertoire. In conclusion, our study provides new aspects of the involvement of natural autoimmunity in glaucoma pathomechanisms and promotes advanced opportunities toward new diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Beutgen
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Franz H Grus
- Experimental and Translational Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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17
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Shen J, Wang Y, Yao K. Protection of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma: Current status and future. Exp Eye Res 2021; 205:108506. [PMID: 33609512 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neuropathic disease that causes optic nerve damage, loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and visual field defects. Most glaucoma patients have no early signs or symptoms. Conventional pharmacological glaucoma medications and surgeries that focus on lowering intraocular pressure are not sufficient; RGCs continue to die, and the patient's vision continues to decline. Recent evidence has demonstrated that neuroprotective approaches could be a promising strategy for protecting against glaucoma. In the case of glaucoma, neuroprotection aims to prevent or slow down disease progression by mitigating RGCs death and optic nerve degeneration. Notably, new pharmacologic medications such as antiglaucomatous agents, antibiotics, dietary supplementation, novel neuroprotective molecules, neurotrophic factors, translational methods such as gene therapy and cell therapy, and electrical stimulation-based physiotherapy are emerging to attenuate the death of RGCs, or to make RGCs resilient to attacks. Understanding the roles of these interventions in RGC protection may offer benefits over traditional pharmacological medications and surgeries. In this review, we summarize the recent neuroprotective strategy for glaucoma, both in clinical trials and in laboratory research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Shen
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Yuanqi Wang
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
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18
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Kasetti RB, Patel PD, Maddineni P, Patil S, Kiehlbauch C, Millar JC, Searby CC, Raghunathan V, Sheffield VC, Zode GS. ATF4 leads to glaucoma by promoting protein synthesis and ER client protein load. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5594. [PMID: 33154371 PMCID: PMC7644693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying pathological mechanisms of glaucomatous trabecular meshwork (TM) damage and elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) are poorly understood. Here, we report that the chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced ATF4-CHOP-GADD34 pathway is activated in TM of human and mouse glaucoma. Expression of ATF4 in TM promotes aberrant protein synthesis and ER client protein load, leading to TM dysfunction and cell death. These events lead to IOP elevation and glaucomatous neurodegeneration. ATF4 interacts with CHOP and this interaction is essential for IOP elevation. Notably, genetic depletion or pharmacological inhibition of ATF4-CHOP-GADD34 pathway prevents TM cell death and rescues mouse models of glaucoma by reducing protein synthesis and ER client protein load in TM cells. Importantly, glaucomatous TM cells exhibit significantly increased protein synthesis along with induction of ATF4-CHOP-GADD34 pathway. These studies indicate a pathological role of ATF4-CHOP-GADD34 pathway in glaucoma and provide a possible treatment for glaucoma by targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B Kasetti
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX, 76107, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Pinkal D Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX, 76107, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Prabhavathi Maddineni
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX, 76107, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Shruti Patil
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX, 76107, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Charles Kiehlbauch
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX, 76107, Fort Worth, USA
| | - J Cameron Millar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX, 76107, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Charles C Searby
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - VijayKrishna Raghunathan
- Department of Basic Sciences and the Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Val C Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Gulab S Zode
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and the North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, TX, 76107, Fort Worth, USA.
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19
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Vernazza S, Tirendi S, Bassi AM, Traverso CE, Saccà SC. Neuroinflammation in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3172. [PMID: 33007927 PMCID: PMC7601106 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests oxidative damage and immune response defects are key factors contributing to glaucoma onset. Indeed, both the failure of the trabecular meshwork tissue in the conventional outflow pathway and the neuroinflammation process, which drives the neurodegeneration, seem to be linked to the age-related over-production of free radicals (i.e., mitochondrial dysfunction) and to oxidative stress-linked immunostimulatory signaling. Several previous studies have described a wide range of oxidative stress-related makers which are found in glaucomatous patients, including low levels of antioxidant defences, dysfunction/activation of glial cells, the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and so on. However, the intraocular pressure is still currently the only risk factor modifiable by medication or glaucoma surgery. This present review aims to summarize the multiple cellular processes, which promote different risk factors in glaucoma including aging, oxidative stress, trabecular meshwork defects, glial activation response, neurodegenerative insults, and the altered regulation of immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Tirendi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.T.); (A.M.B.)
- Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Italy
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- Clinica Oculistica, DiNOGMI, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS-Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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20
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Lu H, Chen Y, Kong Y, Liu X, Li N, Zhang S, Xu H. Glaucoma phenotype in a large Chinese family with myocilin Val251Ala mutation. Genomics 2020; 112:5129-5135. [PMID: 32937162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Family study is an effective way to identify disease-causing mutations (DCMs) and characterize the clinical phenotype of genetic diseases. In this study we recruited a Chinese primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) family spanning six generations and consisting 112 individuals, in which 63 were participated in. Targeted exome sequencing on the proband identified a heterozygous mutation (c.752T>C, p.Val251Ala) in MYOC gene. Sanger sequencing performed on all participants found that fourteen family members carried this mutation. Ten (71.4%) of them were diagnosed with POAG, two (14.3%) with ocular hypertension (OHT) and two (14.3%) without manifestations of glaucoma. According to the results of ophthalmic examinations of the family members and their medical history, we found that the Val251Ala mutation was associated with clinical phenotype including intermediate penetrance, high intraocular pressure (IOP), severe visual defects and requirement of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Eye institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Eye institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanan Kong
- Eye institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Eye institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Eye institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuqiang Zhang
- Key Lab of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Lab of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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Different Grp94 components interact transiently with the myocilin olfactomedin domain in vitro to enhance or retard its amyloid aggregation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12769. [PMID: 31484937 PMCID: PMC6726633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The inherited form of open angle glaucoma arises due to a toxic gain-of-function intracellular misfolding event involving a mutated myocilin olfactomedin domain (OLF). Mutant myocilin is recognized by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident heat shock protein 90 paralog, glucose regulated protein 94 (Grp94), but their co-aggregation precludes mutant myocilin clearance by ER-associated degradation. When the Grp94-mutant myocilin interaction is abrogated by inhibitors or siRNA, mutant myocilin is efficiently degraded. Here we dissected Grp94 into component domains (N, NM, MC) to better understand the molecular factors governing its interaction with OLF. We show that the Grp94 N-terminal nucleotide-binding N domain is responsible for accelerating OLF aggregation in vitro. Upon inhibiting the isolated N domain pharmacologically or removing the Pre-N terminal 57 residues from full-length Grp94, OLF aggregation rates revert to those seen for OLF alone, but only pharmacological inhibition rescues co-aggregation. The Grp94-OLF interaction is below the detection limit of fluorescence polarization measurements, but chemical crosslinking paired with mass spectrometry analyses traps a reproducible interaction between OLF and the Grp94 N domain, as well as between OLF and the Grp94 M domain. The emerging molecular-level picture of quinary interactions between Grp94 and myocilin points to a role for the far N-terminal sequence of the Grp94 N domain and a cleft in the M domain. Our work further supports drug discovery efforts to inhibit these interactions as a strategy to treat myocilin-associated glaucoma.
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Patterson-Orazem AC, Lieberman RL. Antibodies Used to Detect Glaucoma-Associated Myocilin: More or Less Than Meets the Eye? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2034-2037. [PMID: 31067323 PMCID: PMC6890424 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are key reagents used in vision research, indeed across biomedical research, but they often do not reveal the whole story about a sample. It is important for researchers to be aware of aspects of antibodies that may affect or limit data interpretation. Federal agencies now require funded grants to demonstrate how they will authenticate reagents used. There is also a push for recombinant antibodies, enabled by phage display technology awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which allow for thorough validation and a fixed DNA sequence. Here, we discuss how issues surrounding antibodies are pertinent to detecting myocilin, a protein found in trabecular meshwork and associated with a portion of hereditary glaucoma. Confirmation of myocilin expression in tissues and cell culture has been adopted as validation standard in trabecular meshwork research; thus, a discussion of antibody characteristics and fidelity is critical. Further, based on our basic structural understanding of myocilin architecture and its biophysical aggregation properties, we provide a wish list for the characteristics of next-generation antibody reagents for vision researchers. In the long term, well-characterized antibodies targeting myocilin will enable new insights into its function and involvement in glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athéna C Patterson-Orazem
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Hayat B, Padhy B, Mohanty PP, Alone DP. Altered unfolded protein response and proteasome impairment in pseudoexfoliation pathogenesis. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:197-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Zhou L, Chen W, Lin D, Hu W, Tang Z. Neuronal apoptosis, axon damage and synapse loss occur synchronously in acute ocular hypertension. Exp Eye Res 2019; 180:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Kondkar AA, Azad TA, Almobarak FA, Abu-Amero KK, Al-Obeidan SA. Polymorphism rs7961953 in TMTC2 gene is not associated with primary open-angle glaucoma in a Saudi cohort. Ophthalmic Genet 2019; 40:74-76. [PMID: 30729851 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2019.1576210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Altaf A Kondkar
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Research Chair, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Taif A Azad
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Research Chair, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal A Almobarak
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Research Chair, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled K Abu-Amero
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Research Chair, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Al-Obeidan
- a Department of Ophthalmology, Glaucoma Research Chair, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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Dheer Y, Chitranshi N, Gupta V, Sharma S, Pushpitha K, Abbasi M, Mirzaei M, You Y, Graham SL, Gupta V. Retinoid x receptor modulation protects against ER stress response and rescues glaucoma phenotypes in adult mice. Exp Neurol 2019; 314:111-125. [PMID: 30703361 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) play an important role in transcription, are involved in numerous cellular networks from cell proliferation to lipid metabolism and are essential for normal eye development. RXRs form homo or heterodimers with other nuclear receptors, bind to DNA response elements and regulate several biological processes including neurogenesis. Mounting evidence suggests that RXR activation by selective RXR modulators (sRXRms) may be neuroprotective in the central nervous system. However, their potential neuroprotective role in the retina and specifically in glaucoma remains unexplored. This study investigated changes in RXR expression in the human and mouse retina under glaucomatous stress conditions and investigated the effect of RXR modulation on the RGCs using pharmacological approaches. RXR protein levels in retina were downregulated in both human glaucoma and experimental RGC injury models while RXR agonist, bexarotene treatment resulted in upregulation of RXR expression particularly in the inner retinal layers. Retinal electrophysiological recordings and histological analysis indicated that inner retinal function and retinal laminar structure were preserved upon treatment with bexarotene. These protective effects were associated with downregulation of ER stress marker response upon bexarotene treatment under glaucoma conditions. Overall, retinal RXR modulation by bexarotene significantly protected RGCs in vivo in both acute and chronic glaucoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Dheer
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kanishka Pushpitha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mojdeh Abbasi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Molecular Science, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; Save Sight Institute, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, F10A, 2 Technology Place, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Lynch JM, Li B, Katoli P, Xiang C, Leehy B, Rangaswamy N, Saenz-Vash V, Wang YK, Lei H, Nicholson TB, Meredith E, Rice DS, Prasanna G, Chen A. Binding of a glaucoma-associated myocilin variant to the αB-crystallin chaperone impedes protein clearance in trabecular meshwork cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:20137-20156. [PMID: 30389787 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocilin (MYOC) was discovered more than 20 years ago and is the gene whose mutations are most commonly observed in individuals with glaucoma. Despite extensive research efforts, the function of WT MYOC has remained elusive, and how mutant MYOC is linked to glaucoma is unclear. Mutant MYOC is believed to be misfolded within the endoplasmic reticulum, and under normal physiological conditions misfolded MYOC should be retro-translocated to the cytoplasm for degradation. To better understand mutant MYOC pathology, we CRISPR-engineered a rat to have a MYOC Y435H substitution that is the equivalent of the pathological human MYOC Y437H mutation. Using this engineered animal model, we discovered that the chaperone αB-crystallin (CRYAB) is a MYOC-binding partner and that co-expression of these two proteins increases protein aggregates. Our results suggest that the misfolded mutant MYOC aggregates with cytoplasmic CRYAB and thereby compromises protein clearance mechanisms in trabecular meshwork cells, and this process represents the primary mode of mutant MYOC pathology. We propose a model by which mutant MYOC causes glaucoma, and we propose that therapeutic treatment of patients having a MYOC mutation may focus on disrupting the MYOC-CRYAB complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Lynch
- From Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.
| | - Bing Li
- From Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Parvaneh Katoli
- From Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Chuanxi Xiang
- From Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Barrett Leehy
- From Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Nalini Rangaswamy
- From Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Veronica Saenz-Vash
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Y Karen Wang
- Analytical Sciences and Imaging, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Hong Lei
- Laboratory Animal Services, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Thomas B Nicholson
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, and Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Erik Meredith
- Global Developmental Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Dennis S Rice
- From Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Ganesh Prasanna
- From Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Amy Chen
- From Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Lutein and Zeaxanthin Isomers Protect against Light-Induced Retinopathy via Decreasing Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in BALB/cJ Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070842. [PMID: 29958415 PMCID: PMC6073806 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) are the major factors underlying photoreceptor degeneration. Lutein, RR-zeaxanthin (3R,3’R-zeaxanthin) and RS (meso)-zeaxanthin (3R,3’S-RS- zeaxanthin) (L/Zi) could protect against cell damage by ameliorating OS in retina. In this study, we examined the effect of L/Zi supplementation in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration and investigated whether the treatment of L/Zi ameliorated OS and ERS. BALB/cJ mice after light exposure were used as the animal model. The protective effects of L/Zi were observed by electroretinography (ERG) and terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) analysis. The underlying mechanisms related to OS and ERS were explored by Western blotting. After L/Zi treatment, the ERG amplitudes were significantly higher, and the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly reduced compared to that of the vehicle group. Western blotting results revealed that OS was ameliorated according to the significant downregulation of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and significant upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). In addition, ERS was reduced according to the significant downregulation of 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), phosphorylated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and activating transcription factor (ATF6). Our data shows that L/Zi provided functional and morphological preservation of photoreceptors against light damage, which is probably related to its mitigation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Huard DJE, Crowley VM, Du Y, Cordova RA, Sun Z, Tomlin MO, Dickey CA, Koren J, Blair L, Fu H, Blagg BSJ, Lieberman RL. Trifunctional High-Throughput Screen Identifies Promising Scaffold To Inhibit Grp94 and Treat Myocilin-Associated Glaucoma. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:933-941. [PMID: 29402077 PMCID: PMC6195314 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations within the olfactomedin (OLF) domain of myocilin result in its toxic intracellular accumulation and hasten the onset of open-angle glaucoma. The absence of myocilin does not cause disease; therefore, strategies aimed at eliminating myocilin could lead to a successful glaucoma treatment. The endoplasmic reticulum Hsp90 paralog Grp94 accelerates OLF aggregation. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of Grp94 in cells facilitates clearance of mutant myocilin via a non-proteasomal pathway. Here, we expanded our support for targeting Grp94 over cytosolic paralogs Hsp90α and Hsp90β. We then developed a high-throughput screening assay to identify new chemical matter capable of disrupting the Grp94/OLF interaction. When applied to a blind, focused library of 17 Hsp90 inhibitors, our miniaturized single-read in vitro thioflavin T -based kinetics aggregation assay exclusively identified compounds that target the chaperone N-terminal nucleotide binding site. In follow up studies, one compound (2) decreased the extent of co-aggregation of Grp94 with OLF in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, and enabled clearance of the aggregation-prone full-length myocilin variant I477N in cells without inducing the heat shock response or causing cytotoxicity. Comparison of the co-crystal structure of compound 2 and another non-selective hit in complex with the N-terminal domain of Grp94 reveals a docking mode tailored to Grp94 and explains its selectivity. A new lead compound has been identified, supporting a targeted chemical biology assay approach to develop a protein degradation-based therapy for myocilin-associated glaucoma by selectively inhibiting Grp94.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent M. Crowley
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Department of Pharmacology, Emory University
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas
| | - Ricardo A. Cordova
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - Zheying Sun
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - Moya O. Tomlin
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - John Koren
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - Laura Blair
- Byrd Alzheimer Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas
| | - Brian S. J. Blagg
- Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Department of Pharmacology, Emory University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame
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Asefa NG, Neustaeter A, Jansonius NM, Snieder H. Heritability of glaucoma and glaucoma-related endophenotypes: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019049. [PMID: 29490960 PMCID: PMC5855254 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glaucoma is the second leading cause of age-related vision loss worldwide; it is an umbrella term that is used to describe a set of complex ocular disorders with a multifactorial aetiology. Both genetic and lifestyle risk factors for glaucoma are well established. Thus far, however, systematic reviews on the heritability of glaucoma have focused on the heritability of primary open-angle glaucoma only. No systematic review has comprehensively reviewed or meta-analysed the heritability of other types of glaucoma, including glaucoma-related endophenotypes. The aim of this study will be to identify relevant scientific literature regarding the heritability of both glaucoma and related endophenotypes and summarise the evidence by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 checklist, which provides a standardised approach for carrying out systematic reviews. To capture as much literature as possible, a comprehensive step-by-step systematic search will be undertaken in MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science and ScienceDirect, and studies published until 31 December 2017 will be included. Two reviewers will independently search the articles for eligibility according to predefined selection criteria. A database will be used for screening of eligible articles. The quality of the included studies will be rated independently by two reviewers, using the National Health Institute Quality Assessment tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. A random-effects model will be used for the meta-analysis. This systematic review is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with a registration number: CRD42017064504. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION We will use secondary data from peer-reviewed published articles, and hence there is no requirement for ethics approval. The results of this systematic review will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigus Gebrmedhin Asefa
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Neustaeter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nomdo M Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Maddineni P, Kasetti RB, Zode GS. Methods for Analyzing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Trabecular Meshwork of Glaucoma Models. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1695:121-134. [PMID: 29190024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7407-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The pathological mechanisms underlying increased outflow resistance at the trabecular meshwork (TM) that is responsible for elevating intraocular pressure (IOP) have not been fully delineated. Recent studies have shown that progressive accumulation of misfolded proteins and induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with the pathophysiology of glaucomatous TM damage and IOP elevation. We have shown that known causes of human glaucoma, including expression of mutant myocilin or dexamethasone treatment induce abnormal protein accumulation and ER stress in the TM in vitro and in vivo models. To cope up with abnormal protein accumulation, TM cells activate a cytoprotective pathway of unfolded protein response (UPR). However, chronic ER stress can lead to TM dysfunction and IOP elevation. Using cell culture, mouse models, and human postmortem tissues as well as genetic and pharmacological manipulations, we have analyzed ER stress and UPR mediators in the glaucomatous TM damage and IOP elevation. In this chapter, we have described a detailed protocol for the analysis of protein misfolding and ER stress in TM cells and tissues and its association with glaucomatous TM damage and IOP elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhavathi Maddineni
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, CBH-413, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Ramesh B Kasetti
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, CBH-413, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Gulab S Zode
- The North Texas Eye Research Institute, CBH-413, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd., Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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Chitranshi N, Dheer Y, Abbasi M, You Y, Graham SL, Gupta V. Glaucoma Pathogenesis and Neurotrophins: Focus on the Molecular and Genetic Basis for Therapeutic Prospects. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1018-1035. [PMID: 29676228 PMCID: PMC6120108 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180419121247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is a major feature of glaucoma pathology. Neuroprotective approaches that delay or halt the progression of RGC loss are needed to prevent vision loss which can occur even after conventional medical or surgical treatments to lower intraocular pressure. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to examine the progress in genetics and cellular mechanisms associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, RGC dysfunction and cell death pathways in glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we review the involvement of neurotrophins like brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high affinity receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase (TrkB) in glaucoma. The role of ER stress markers in human and animal retinas in health and disease conditions is also discussed. Further, we analysed the literature highlighting genetic linkage in the context of primary open angle glaucoma and suggested mechanistic insights into potential therapeutic options relevant to glaucoma management. RESULTS The literature review of the neurobiology underlying neurotrophin pathways, ER stress and gene associations provide critical insights into association of RGCs death in glaucoma. Alteration in signalling pathway is associated with increased risk of misfolded protein aggregation in ER promoting RGC apoptosis. Several genes that are linked with neurotrophin signalling pathways have been reported to be associated with glaucoma pathology. CONCLUSION Understanding genetic heterogeneity and involvement of neurotrophin biology in glaucoma could help to understand the complex pathophysiology of glaucoma. Identification of novel molecular targets will be critical for drug development and provide neuroprotection to the RGCs and optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Chitranshi
- Address correspondence to this author at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 75, Talavera Road, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Tel: +61-298502760; E-mail:
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Joe MK, Lieberman RL, Nakaya N, Tomarev SI. Myocilin Regulates Metalloprotease 2 Activity Through Interaction With TIMP3. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:5308-5318. [PMID: 29049729 PMCID: PMC5644706 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To elucidate functions of wild-type myocilin, a secreted glycoprotein associated with glaucoma. Methods Lysates of mouse eyes were used for immunoprecipitation with affinity-purified antibodies against mouse myocilin. Shotgun proteomic analysis was used for the identification of proteins interacting with myocilin. Colocalization of myocilin and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3) in different eye structures was investigated by a multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunofluorescent labeling with subsequent confocal microscopy. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity assay was used to test effects of myocilin on TIMP3 inhibitory action. Results TIMP3 was identified by a shotgun proteomic analysis as a protein that was coimmunoprecipitated with myocilin from eye lysates of wild-type and transgenic mice expressing elevated levels of mouse myocilin but not from lysates of transgenic mice expressing mutated mouse myocilin. Interaction of myocilin and TIMP3 was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of myocilin and TIMP3 from HEK293 cells transiently transfected with cDNAs encoding these proteins. The olfactomedin domain of myocilin is essential for interaction with TIMP3. In the eye, the main sites of myocilin and TIMP3 colocalization are the trabecular meshwork, sclera, and choroid. Using purified proteins, it has been shown that myocilin markedly enhanced the inhibitory activity of TIMP3 toward MMP2. Conclusions Myocilin may serve as a modulator of TIMP3 activity via interactions with the myocilin olfactomedin domain. Our data imply that in the case of MYOCILIN null or some glaucoma-causing mutations, inhibitory activity of TIMP3 toward MMP2 might be reduced, mimicking deleterious mutations in the TIMP3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Kuk Joe
- Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Naoki Nakaya
- Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Stanislav I Tomarev
- Section of Retinal Ganglion Cell Biology, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Guo X, Namekata K, Kimura A, Harada C, Harada T. ASK1 in neurodegeneration. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 66:63-71. [PMID: 28882588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as glaucoma, multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons, causing irreversible damage to patients. Longer lifespans may be leading to an increase in the number of people affected by NDDs worldwide. Among the pathways strongly impacting the pathogenesis of NDDs, oxidative stress, a condition that occurs because of an imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant levels, has been known to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of NDDs. One of the molecules activated by oxidative stress is apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), which has been shown to play a role in NDDs. ASK1 activation is regulated by multiple steps, including oligomerization, phosphorylation, and protein-protein interactions. In the oxidative stress state, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce the dissociation of thioredoxin, a protein regulating cellular reduction and oxidation (redox), from the N-terminal region of ASK1, and ASK1 is subsequently activated by the oligomerization and phosphorylation of a critical threonine residue, leading to cell death. Here, we review experimental evidence that links ASK1 signaling with the pathogenesis of several NDDs. We propose that ASK1 may be a new point of therapeutic intervention to prevent or treat NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Guo
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kimura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Tan DK, Teh GH, Ho CL, Quah BL. Anisohypermetropia as a sign of unilateral glaucoma in the pediatric population. Int Med Case Rep J 2017; 10:203-207. [PMID: 28670145 PMCID: PMC5479292 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s134809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood glaucoma poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to ophthalmologists. Difficulty in examination and limitations on ability to perform structural and functional testing of optic nerve make diagnosis and verification of glaucoma control difficult in children. It is well known that an excessive loss of hyperopia is a useful sign in alerting the examining ophthalmologist to the possible diagnosis of glaucoma. We present an interesting case of juvenile onset glaucoma presenting with anisohypermetropic amblyopia in one eye and normal vision in the fellow eye that has glaucoma. It is an unusual case as the left eye with abnormal vision from hypermetropic amblyopia, though by itself requiring treatment, was a red herring for a potentially blinding condition in the fellow eye with normal vision and lower and less amblyogenic hyperopia on examination. We believe that glaucomatous enlargement of the right eye resulted in significant loss of hyperopia in that eye and in turn contributed to anisohypermetropic amblyopia in the left eye. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of juvenile onset glaucoma presenting with anisohypermetropic amblyopia in one eye and normal vision in the fellow eye that has glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Kl Tan
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Singapore National Eye Centre.,Singapore Eye Research Institute
| | - Gillian H Teh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute.,Department of General Cataract and Comprehensive Ophthalmology
| | - Ching Lin Ho
- Singapore Eye Research Institute.,Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Boon Long Quah
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus, Singapore National Eye Centre.,Singapore Eye Research Institute
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Kasetti RB, Phan TN, Millar JC, Zode GS. Expression of Mutant Myocilin Induces Abnormal Intracellular Accumulation of Selected Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the Trabecular Meshwork. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 57:6058-6069. [PMID: 27820874 PMCID: PMC5102566 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the trabecular meshwork (TM) is associated with decreased aqueous humor outflow facility and IOP elevation in POAG. Previously, we have developed a transgenic mouse model of POAG (Tg-MYOCY437H) by expressing human mutant myocilin (MYOC), a known genetic cause of POAG. The purpose of this study is to examine whether expression of mutant myocilin leads to reduced outflow facility and abnormal ECM accumulation in Tg-MYOCY437H mice and in cultured human TM cells. Methods Conscious IOP was measured at various ages of Tg-MYOCY437H mice using a rebound tonometer. Outflow facility was measured in 10-month-old Tg-MYOCY437H mice. Selected ECM proteins were examined in human TM-3 cells stably expressing mutant myocilin and primary human TM cells (n = 4) as well as in the TM of Tg-MYOCY437H mice by real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunostaining. Furthermore, TM cells expressing WT or mutant myocilin were treated with 5 mM sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA), and ECM proteins were examined by Western blot and immunostaining. Results Starting from 3 months of age, Tg-MYOCY437H mice exhibited significant IOP elevation compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Outflow facility was significantly reduced in Tg-MYOCY437H mice (0.0195 μl/min/mm Hg in Tg-MYOCY437H vs. 0.0332 μl/min/mm Hg in WT littermates). Increased accumulation of fibronectin, elastin, and collagen type IV and I was observed in the TM of Tg-MYOCY437H mice compared with WT littermates. Furthermore, increased ECM proteins were also associated with induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, GRP78 and CHOP in the TM of Tg-MYOCY437H mice. Human TM-3 cells stably expressing DsRed-tagged Y437H mutant MYOC exhibited inhibition of myocilin secretion and its intracellular accumulation compared with TM cells expressing WT MYOC. Expression of mutant MYOC in TM-3 cells or human primary TM cells induced ER stress and also increased intracellular protein levels of fibronectin, elastin, laminin, and collagen IV and I. In addition, TM-3 cells expressing mutant myocilin exhibited reduced active forms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in conditioned medium compared with TM-3 cells expressing WT myocilin. Interestingly, both intracellularly accumulated fibronectin and collagen I colocalized with mutant myocilin and also with ER marker KDEL further suggesting intracellular accumulation of these proteins in the ER of TM cells. Furthermore, reduction of ER stress via PBA decreased selected ECM proteins in primary TM cells. Conclusions These studies demonstrate that mutant myocilin induces abnormal ECM accumulation in the ER of TM cells, which may be responsible for reduced outflow facility and IOP elevation in myocilin-associated glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B Kasetti
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Tien N Phan
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - J Cameron Millar
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Texas, United States
| | - Gulab S Zode
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Texas, United States
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Leung SYY, Lam DCC. Development of ocular viscosity characterization method. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:5200-5203. [PMID: 28269436 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause for blindness. Irreversible and progressive optic nerve damage results when the intraocular pressure (IOP) exceeds 21 mmHg. The elevated IOP is attributed to blocked fluid drainage from the eye. Methods to measure the IOP are widely available, but methods to measure the viscous response to blocked drainage has yet been developed. An indentation method to characterize the ocular flow is developed in this study. Analysis of the load-relaxation data from indentation tests on drainage-controlled porcine eyes showed that the blocked drainage is correlated with increases in ocular viscosity. Successful correlation of the ocular viscosity with drainage suggests that ocular viscosity maybe further developed as a new diagnostic parameter for assessment of normal tension glaucoma where nerve damage occurs without noticeable IOP elevation; and as a diagnostic parameter complimentary to conventional IOP in conventional diagnosis.
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Zhou T, Souzeau E, Sharma S, Landers J, Mills R, Goldberg I, Healey PR, Graham S, Hewitt AW, Mackey DA, Galanopoulos A, Casson RJ, Ruddle JB, Ellis J, Leo P, Brown MA, MacGregor S, Lynn DJ, Burdon KP, Craig JE. Whole exome sequencing implicates eye development, the unfolded protein response and plasma membrane homeostasis in primary open-angle glaucoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172427. [PMID: 28264060 PMCID: PMC5338784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify biological processes associated with POAG and its subtypes, high-tension (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), by analyzing rare potentially damaging genetic variants. METHODS A total of 122 and 65 unrelated HTG and NTG participants, respectively, with early onset advanced POAG, 103 non-glaucoma controls and 993 unscreened ethnicity-matched controls were included in this study. Study participants without myocilin disease-causing variants and non-glaucoma controls were subjected to whole exome sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq2000. Exomes of participants were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq2000. Qualifying variants were rare in the general population (MAF < 0.001) and potentially functionally damaging (nonsense, frameshift, splice or predicted pathogenic using SIFT or Polyphen2 software). Genes showing enrichment of qualifying variants in cases were selected for pathway and network analysis using InnateDB. RESULTS POAG cases showed enrichment of rare variants in camera-type eye development genes (p = 1.40×10-7, corrected p = 3.28×10-4). Implicated eye development genes were related to neuronal or retinal development. HTG cases were significantly enriched for key regulators in the unfolded protein response (UPR) (p = 7.72×10-5, corrected p = 0.013). The UPR is known to be involved in myocilin-related glaucoma; our results suggest the UPR has a role in non-myocilin causes of HTG. NTG cases showed enrichment in ion channel transport processes (p = 1.05×10-4, corrected p = 0.027) including calcium, chloride and phospholipid transporters involved in plasma membrane homeostasis. Network analysis also revealed enrichment of the MHC Class I antigen presentation pathway in HTG, and the EGFR1 and cell-cycle pathways in both HTG and NTG. CONCLUSION This study suggests that mutations in eye development genes are enriched in POAG. HTG can result from aberrant responses to protein misfolding which may be amenable to molecular chaperone therapy. NTG is associated with impaired plasma membrane homeostasis increasing susceptibility to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiger Zhou
- Flinders University, Department of Ophthalmology, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Flinders University, Department of Ophthalmology, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shiwani Sharma
- Flinders University, Department of Ophthalmology, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - John Landers
- Flinders University, Department of Ophthalmology, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Richard Mills
- Flinders University, Department of Ophthalmology, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ivan Goldberg
- University of Sydney Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney, Australia
- Glaucoma Unit, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul R. Healey
- University of Sydney Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart Graham
- University of Sydney Discipline of Ophthalmology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alex W. Hewitt
- University of Tasmania Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- University of Western Australia Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Australia
| | - Anna Galanopoulos
- University of Adelaide, Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert J. Casson
- University of Adelaide, Discipline of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Ruddle
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan Ellis
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Paul Leo
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Matthew A. Brown
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David J. Lynn
- EMBL Australia Group, Infection & Immunity Theme, South Australian Medical and Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Flinders University, School of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathryn P. Burdon
- Flinders University, Department of Ophthalmology, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- University of Tasmania Menzies Institute for Medical Research, Hobart, Australia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- Flinders University, Department of Ophthalmology, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
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Souzeau E, Tram KH, Witney M, Ruddle JB, Graham SL, Healey PR, Goldberg I, Mackey DA, Hewitt AW, Burdon KP, Craig JE. Myocilin Predictive Genetic Testing for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Leads to Early Identification of At-Risk Individuals. Ophthalmology 2017; 124:303-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Mysona B, Kansara N, Zhao J, Bollinger K. The Role of Sigma 1 Receptor as a Neuroprotective Target in Glaucoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:299-307. [PMID: 28315279 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of sigma 1 receptor (S1R) in glaucoma is emerging as a promising field of study. Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that shares common pathogenic mechanisms with other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease . S1R modulates multiple cellular functions associated with neurodegeneration . These include Ca2+ ion homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress , survival signaling pathways, neurotrophin secretion, and glial activation. S1R may also have neurorestorative properties including enhancement of neuronal plasticity and neurite outgrowth. Recent studies using agonists for S1R within the eye provide hope that it could be a therapeutic target for glaucoma. Understanding the role of S1R in glaucoma may help us to stop the progression of this sight threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mysona
- Departments of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and Ophthalmology and the James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Neil Kansara
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- The James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- The James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kathryn Bollinger
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- The James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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Mysona BA, Zhao J, Bollinger KE. Role of BDNF/TrkB pathway in the visual system: Therapeutic implications for glaucoma. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2016; 12:69-81. [PMID: 28751923 DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2017.1259566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroprotective therapeutics are needed to treat glaucoma, an optic neuropathy that results in death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). AREAS COVERED The BDNF/TrkB pathway is important for RGC survival. Temporal and spatial alterations in the BDNF/TrkB pathway occur in development and in response to acute optic nerve injury and to glaucoma. In animal models, BDNF supplementation is successful at slowing RGC death after acute optic nerve injury and in glaucoma, however, the BDNF/TrkB signaling is not the only pathway supporting long term RGC survival. EXPERT COMMENTARY Much remains to be discovered about the interaction between retrograde, anterograde, and retinal BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways in both neurons and glia. An ideal therapeutic agent for glaucoma likely has several modes of action that target multiple mechanisms of neurodegeneration including the BDNF/TrkB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Mysona
- Augusta University Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute. Address: Augusta University Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Health Sciences Campus, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA,
| | - J Zhao
- Medical College of Georgia, Department of Ophthalmology at Augusta University, James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute. Address: Medical College of Georgia, Department of Ophthalmology at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA,
| | - K E Bollinger
- Medical College of Georgia, Department of Ophthalmology at Augusta University, Augusta University Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute. Address: Medical College of Georgia, Department of Ophthalmology at Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA,
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Saccà SC, Gandolfi S, Bagnis A, Manni G, Damonte G, Traverso CE, Izzotti A. From DNA damage to functional changes of the trabecular meshwork in aging and glaucoma. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 29:26-41. [PMID: 27242026 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the eye. Both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye are affected, extensive damage being detectable in the trabecular meshwork and the inner retina-central visual pathway complex. Oxidative stress is claimed to be mainly responsible for molecular damage in the anterior chamber. Indeed, oxidation harms the trabecular meshwork, leading eventually to endothelial cell decay, tissue malfunction, subclinical inflammation, changes in the extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton, altered motility, reduced outflow facility and (ultimately) increased IOP. Moreover, free radicals are involved in aging and can be produced in the brain (as well as in the eye) as a result of ischemia, leading to oxidation of the surrounding neurons. Glaucoma-related cell death occurs by means of apoptosis, and apoptosis is triggered by oxidative stress via (a) mitochondrial damage, (b) inflammation, (c) endothelial dysregulation and dysfunction, and (d) hypoxia. The proteomics of the aqueous humor is significantly altered in glaucoma as a result of oxidation-induced trabecular damage. Those proteins whose aqueous humor levels are increased in glaucoma are biomarkers of trabecular meshwork impairment. Their diffusion from the anterior to the posterior segment of the eye may be relevant in the cascade of events triggering apoptosis in the inner retinal layers, including the ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Claudio Saccà
- IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, San Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gandolfi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biological, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bagnis
- University of Genoa, Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Manni
- Dept. of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Dept. of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Enrico Traverso
- University of Genoa, Eye Clinic, Department of Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Mutagenesis Unit, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital, IST National Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, Genoa I-16132, Italy
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Prostaglandin EP2 receptor signaling protects human trabecular meshwork cells from apoptosis induced by ER stress through down-regulation of p53. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2322-32. [PMID: 27321910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
E-prostanoid receptor subtype 2 (EP2) agonists are currently under clinical development as hypotensive agents for the treatment of ocular hypertension. However, the effects of EP2 receptor agonists on trabecular meshwork (TM) alterations leading to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are still unknown. Here, we evaluated whether EP2 receptor activation exhibits protective functions on TM cell death induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We show that the EP2 receptor agonist butaprost protects TM cell death mediated by the ER stress inducer tunicamycin through a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent mechanism, but independent of the classical cAMP sensors, protein kinase A and exchange proteins activated by cAMP. The ER stress-induced intrinsic apoptosis inhibited by the EP2 receptor agonist was correlated with a decreased accumulation of the cellular stress sensor p53. In addition, p53 down-regulation was associated with inhibition of its transcriptional activity, which led to decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). The stabilization of p53 by nutlin-3a abolished butaprost-mediated cell death protection. In conclusion, we showed that EP2 receptor activation protects against ER stress-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis through down-regulation of p53. The specific inhibition of this pathway could reduce TM alterations observed in POAG patients.
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Sarnat-Kucharczyk M, Rokicki W, Zalejska-Fiolka J, Pojda-Wilczek D, Mrukwa-Kominek E. Determination of Serum Ceruloplasmin Concentration in Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma with Cataract and Patients with Cataract Only: A Pilot Study. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:1384-8. [PMID: 27109647 PMCID: PMC4847557 DOI: 10.12659/msm.895352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this article was to describe the role of ceruloplasmin and to report preliminary results of ceruloplasmin concentrations in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with cataract and in patients with only cataract. Glaucoma, a neurodegenerative disease, is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC), their axons, progressive optic nerve damage, and visual field deterioration. Material/Methods The POAG group included 30 patients and the cataract group included 25 patients. Results Ceruloplasmin plays an essential role in iron metabolism and inactivating free radicals. In the presented pilot study, serum ceruloplasmin level was lower in the POAG group in comparison to the group with only cataract. Conclusions In treating persistent inflammation in the course of glaucoma, antiglaucoma drugs may increase the permeability of the blood-ocular barrier, which may be connected with the lower concentration of serum ceruloplasmin in the glaucoma patients group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sarnat-Kucharczyk
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rokicki
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Zalejska-Fiolka
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dorota Pojda-Wilczek
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Nakano N, Ikeda HO, Hasegawa T, Muraoka Y, Iwai S, Tsuruyama T, Nakano M, Fuchigami T, Shudo T, Kakizuka A, Yoshimura N. Neuroprotective effects of VCP modulators in mouse models of glaucoma. Heliyon 2016; 2:e00096. [PMID: 27441270 PMCID: PMC4946081 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a major cause of adult blindness due to gradual death of retinal ganglion cells. Currently, no therapeutics are available for the protection of these cells from the cell death. We have recently succeeded in synthesizing novel compounds, KUSs (Kyoto University Substances), which can reduce cellular ATP consumption by specifically inhibiting the ATPase activities of VCP, a major ATPase in the cell, and we have shown that KUSs could mitigate the disease progression of rd10, a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa, without any apparent side effects. Here we show that KUSs (e.g. KUS121 and KUS187) can prevent antimycin- and oligomycin-induced ATP depletion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and cell death in neuronally differentiated PC12 cells. Furthermore, KUSs manifest significant efficacies on several mouse models of glaucoma. KUS administration prevented or mitigated ER stress and subsequent apoptotic cell death of retinal ganglion cells in an acute injury mouse model of retinal ganglion cell loss, which was induced with N-methyl-D-aspartate. In a mouse model of glaucoma with high intraocular pressure, KUSs prevented the typical glaucoma pathologies, i.e. enlargement of optic disc cupping and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer. KUSs also preserved visual functions in GLAST knockout mice, a mouse model for chronic retinal ganglion cell loss. We propose “ATP maintenance” via inhibition of ATPase activities of VCP as a promising new neuroprotective strategy for currently incurable eye diseases, such as glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hanako Ohashi Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, 606-8507, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hasegawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Muraoka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Sachiko Iwai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, 606-8507, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- Center for Anatomical Studies, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies and Solution Oriented Research for Science and Technology, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Shudo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies and Solution Oriented Research for Science and Technology, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Daito Chemix, Ishibashi-cho Fukui-city Fukui 910-3137, Japan
| | - Akira Kakizuka
- Laboratory of Functional Biology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies and Solution Oriented Research for Science and Technology, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Nagahisa Yoshimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Advancement of Clinical and Translational Science, Kyoto University Hospital, 606-8507, Kyoto, Japan
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47
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Souzeau E, Burdon KP, Ridge B, Dubowsky A, Ruddle JB, Craig JE. A novel de novo Myocilin variant in a patient with sporadic juvenile open angle glaucoma. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2016; 17:30. [PMID: 27080696 PMCID: PMC4831102 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-016-0291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Pathogenic variants in the Myocilin gene (MYOC) cause juvenile open angle glaucoma (JOAG) in 8–36 % of cases, and display an autosomal dominant inheritance with high penetrance. Molecular diagnosis is important for early identification as therapies are effective in minimizing vision loss and MYOC variants can be associated to severe glaucoma. MYOC variants are usually inherited, however a fifth of carriers do not report a family history. The occurrence of de novo MYOC variants is currently unknown. Case presentation In this study we investigated a 14 year old male Caucasian patient diagnosed with JOAG, and no family history of glaucoma. A novel probably deleterious MYOC:p.(Pro254Leu) variant was identified in the index case. This variant was not present in the parents or the siblings. Conclusion This is the second report of a de novo MYOC variant in a sporadic case of JOAG and it is currently unknown if this mechanism occurs more frequently. This finding emphasizes the importance of screening individuals with JOAG for MYOC mutations irrespective of a negative family history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Souzeau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Ridge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan B Ruddle
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye & Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jamie E Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
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48
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Wang P, Sheng M, Li B, Jiang Y, Chen Y. High osmotic pressure increases reactive oxygen species generation in rabbit corneal epithelial cells by endoplasmic reticulum. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:860-870. [PMID: 27158374 PMCID: PMC4846931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tear high osmotic pressure (HOP) has been recognized as the core mechanism underlying ocular surface inflammation, injury and symptoms and is closely associated with many ocular surface diseases, especially dry eye. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multi-functional organelle responsible for protein synthesis, folding and transport, biological synthesis of lipids, vesicle transport and intracellular calcium storage. Accumulation of unfolded proteins and imbalance of calcium ion in the ER would induce ER stress and protective unfolded protein response (UPR). Many studies have demonstrated that ER stress can induce cell apoptosis. However, the association between tear HOP and ER stress has not been studied systematically. In the present study, rabbit corneal epithelial cells were treated with HOP and results showed that the production of reactive oxygen species increased markedly, which further activated the ER signaling pathway and ultimately induced cell apoptosis. These findings shed new lights on the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of dry eye and other ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200000, China
| | - Minjie Sheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200000, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200000, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200000, China
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49
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Fuma S, Shimazawa M, Imamura T, Kanno Y, Takano N, Tsuruma K, Hara H. Neuroprotective Effect of Ocular Hypotensive Drugs: Latanoprost/Timolol in Combination Are More Effective than Each as Monotherapy in RGC-5. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:192-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Fuma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tomoyo Imamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yusuke Kanno
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Norihito Takano
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Kazuhiro Tsuruma
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University
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50
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Lenox AR, Bhootada Y, Gorbatyuk O, Fullard R, Gorbatyuk M. Unfolded protein response is activated in aged retinas. Neurosci Lett 2015; 609:30-5. [PMID: 26467812 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An unfolded protein response (UPR) in addition to oxidative stress and the inflammatory response is known to be activated in age-related ocular disorders, such as macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataracts. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether healthy aged retinas display UPR hallmarks, in order to establish a baseline for the activated UPR markers for age-related ocular diseases. Using western blotting, we determined that the hallmarks of the UPR PERK arm, phosphorylated (p) eIF2a, ATF4, and GADD34, were significantly altered in aged vs. young rat retinas. The cleaved pATF6 (50) and CHOP proteins were dramatically upregulated in the aged rodent retinas, indicating the activation of the ATF6 UPR arm. The UPR activation was associated with a drop in rhodopsin expression and in the NRF2 and HO1 levels, suggesting a decline in the anti-oxidant defense in aged retinas. Moreover, we observed down-regulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-13 and upregulation of pro-inflammatory RANTES in the healthy aged retinas, as measured using the Bio-plex assay. Our results suggest that cellular homeostasis in normal aged retinas is compromised, resulting in the concomitant activation of the UPR, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signaling. This knowledge brings us closer to understanding the cellular mechanisms of the age-related retinopathies and ocular disorders characterized by an ongoing UPR, and highlight the UPR signaling molecules that should be validated as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Lenox
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Sciences, United States
| | - Yogesh Bhootada
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Sciences, United States
| | - Oleg Gorbatyuk
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Sciences, United States
| | - Roderick Fullard
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Sciences, United States
| | - Marina Gorbatyuk
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Vision Sciences, United States.
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