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Jia X, He X, Huang C, Li J, Dong Z, Liu K. Protein translation: biological processes and therapeutic strategies for human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:44. [PMID: 38388452 PMCID: PMC10884018 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein translation is a tightly regulated cellular process that is essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. The deregulation of this process is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. In this review, we discuss how deregulated translation can lead to aberrant protein synthesis, altered cellular functions, and disease progression. We explore the key mechanisms contributing to the deregulation of protein translation, including functional alterations in translation factors, tRNA, mRNA, and ribosome function. Deregulated translation leads to abnormal protein expression, disrupted cellular signaling, and perturbed cellular functions- all of which contribute to disease pathogenesis. The development of ribosome profiling techniques along with mass spectrometry-based proteomics, mRNA sequencing and single-cell approaches have opened new avenues for detecting diseases related to translation errors. Importantly, we highlight recent advances in therapies targeting translation-related disorders and their potential applications in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, infectious diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the growing interest lies in targeted therapies aimed at restoring precise control over translation in diseased cells is discussed. In conclusion, this comprehensive review underscores the critical role of protein translation in disease and its potential as a therapeutic target. Advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of protein translation deregulation, coupled with the development of targeted therapies, offer promising avenues for improving disease outcomes in various human diseases. Additionally, it will unlock doors to the possibility of precision medicine by offering personalized therapies and a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings of diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Xinyu He
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Chuntian Huang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Jian Li
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Research Center for Basic Medicine Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Research Center for Basic Medicine Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China.
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2
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Ashraf D, Khan MR, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Protein Translation in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2393. [PMID: 38397070 PMCID: PMC10888601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, research into Parkinson's disease and similar neurodegenerative disorders has increasingly suggested that these conditions are synonymous with failures in proteostasis. However, the spotlight of this research has remained firmly focused on the tail end of proteostasis, primarily aggregation, misfolding, and degradation, with protein translation being comparatively overlooked. Now, there is an increasing body of evidence supporting a potential role for translation in the pathogenesis of PD, and its dysregulation is already established in other similar neurodegenerative conditions. In this paper, we consider how altered protein translation fits into the broader picture of PD pathogenesis, working hand in hand to compound the stress placed on neurons, until this becomes irrecoverable. We will also consider molecular players of interest, recent evidence that suggests that aggregates may directly influence translation in PD progression, and the implications for the role of protein translation in our development of clinically useful diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal Ashraf
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 111, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Mohammed Repon Khan
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (D.A.); (M.R.K.)
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Khan MR, Yin X, Kang SU, Mitra J, Wang H, Ryu T, Brahmachari S, Karuppagounder SS, Kimura Y, Jhaldiyal A, Kim HH, Gu H, Chen R, Redding-Ochoa J, Troncoso J, Na CH, Ha T, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Enhanced mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis in pathologic α-synuclein cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadd0499. [PMID: 38019930 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.add0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathologic α-synuclein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruption of proteostasis is thought to be central to pathologic α-synuclein toxicity; however, the molecular mechanism of this deregulation is poorly understood. Complementary proteomic approaches in cellular and animal models of PD were used to identify and characterize the pathologic α-synuclein interactome. We report that the highest biological processes that interacted with pathologic α-synuclein in mice included RNA processing and translation initiation. Regulation of catabolic processes that include autophagy were also identified. Pathologic α-synuclein was found to bind with the tuberous sclerosis protein 2 (TSC2) and to trigger the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1), which augmented mRNA translation and protein synthesis, leading to neurodegeneration. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR and protein synthesis rescued the dopamine neuron loss, behavioral deficits, and aberrant biochemical signaling in the α-synuclein preformed fibril mouse model and Drosophila transgenic models of pathologic α-synuclein-induced degeneration. Pathologic α-synuclein furthermore led to a destabilization of the TSC1-TSC2 complex, which plays an important role in mTORC1 activity. Constitutive overexpression of TSC2 rescued motor deficits and neuropathology in α-synuclein flies. Biochemical examination of PD postmortem brain tissues also suggested deregulated mTORC1 signaling. These findings establish a connection between mRNA translation deregulation and mTORC1 pathway activation that is induced by pathologic α-synuclein in cellular and animal models of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Repon Khan
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Xiling Yin
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Sung-Ung Kang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Jaba Mitra
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hu Wang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Taekyung Ryu
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Saurav Brahmachari
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Senthilkumar S Karuppagounder
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aanishaa Jhaldiyal
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hyun Hee Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hao Gu
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Javier Redding-Ochoa
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Walker DC, Lozier ZR, Bi R, Kanodia P, Miller WA, Liu P. Variational inference for detecting differential translation in ribosome profiling studies. Front Genet 2023; 14:1178508. [PMID: 37424732 PMCID: PMC10326721 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1178508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational efficiency change is an important mechanism for regulating protein synthesis. Experiments with paired ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq) and mRNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) allow the study of translational efficiency by simultaneously quantifying the abundances of total transcripts and those that are being actively translated. Existing methods for Ribo-seq data analysis either ignore the pairing structure in the experimental design or treat the paired samples as fixed effects instead of random effects. To address these issues, we propose a hierarchical Bayesian generalized linear mixed effects model which incorporates a random effect for the paired samples according to the experimental design. We provide an analytical software tool, "riboVI," that uses a novel variational Bayesian algorithm to fit our model in an efficient way. Simulation studies demonstrate that "riboVI" outperforms existing methods in terms of both ranking differentially translated genes and controlling false discovery rate. We also analyzed data from a real ribosome profiling experiment, which provided new biological insight into virus-host interactions by revealing changes in hormone signaling and regulation of signal transduction not detected by other Ribo-seq data analysis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Walker
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Zachary R. Lozier
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ran Bi
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Pulkit Kanodia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - W. Allen Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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5
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Gao XY, Yang T, Gu Y, Sun XH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:885500. [PMID: 35795234 PMCID: PMC9250984 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.885500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorders worldwide. There are currently no cures or preventative treatments for PD. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with pathogenesis of sporadic and familial PD. Because dopaminergic neurons have high energy demand, cells affected by PD exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction that promotes the disease-defining the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The mitochondrion has a particularly important role as the cellular “powerhouse” of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, mitochondria have become a promising therapeutic target for PD treatments. This review aims to describe mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathology of PD, outline the genes associated with familial PD and the factors related to sporadic PD, summarize current knowledge on mitochondrial quality control in PD, and give an overview of therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondria in neuroprotective interventions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Hong Sun,
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6
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Liu J, Yang J. Mitochondria-associated membranes: A hub for neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112890. [PMID: 35367757 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, organelles could coordinate complex mechanisms of signaling transduction metabolism and gene expression through their functional interactions. The functional domain between ER and mitochondria, called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM), is closely associated with various physiological functions including intracellular lipid transport, Ca2+ transfer, mitochondria function maintenance, and autophagosome formation. In addition, more evidence suggests that MAM modulate cellular functions in health and disease. Studies have also demonstrated the association of MAM with numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, viral infection, obesity, and diabetes. In fact, recent evidence revealed a close relationship of MAM with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and other neurodegenerative diseases. In this view, elucidating the role of MAM in neurodegenerative diseases is particularly important. This review will focus the main tethering protein complexes of MAM and functions of MAM. Besides, the role of MAM in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases and the potential molecular mechanisms is introduced to provide a new understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxuan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, NO.77 Puhe road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, NO.77 Puhe road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Eastman G, Sharlow ER, Lazo JS, Bloom GS, Sotelo-Silveira JR. Transcriptome and Translatome Regulation of Pathogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:365-386. [PMID: 35034904 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defining cellular mechanisms that drive Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression will be aided by studies defining how gene expression patterns change during pre-symptomatic AD and ensuing periods of declining cognition. Previous studies have emphasized changes in transcriptome, but not translatome regulation, leaving the ultimate results of gene expression alterations relatively unexplored in the context of AD. OBJECTIVE To identify genes whose expression might be regulated at the transcriptome and translatome levels in AD, we analyzed gene expression in cerebral cortex of two AD model mouse strains, CVN (APPSwDI;NOS2 -/- ) and Tg2576 (APPSw), and their companion wild type (WT) strains at 6 months of age by tandem RNA-Seq and Ribo-Seq (ribosome profiling). METHODS Identical starting pools of bulk RNA were used for RNA-Seq and Ribo-Seq. Differential gene expression analysis was performed at the transcriptome, translatome, and translational efficiency levels. Regulated genes were functionally evaluated by gene ontology tools. RESULTS Compared to WT mice, AD model mice had similar levels of transcriptome regulation, but differences in translatome regulation. A microglial signature associated with early stages of Aβ accumulation was upregulated at both levels in CVN mice. Although the two mice strains did not share many regulated genes, they showed common regulated pathways related to AβPP metabolism associated with neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. CONCLUSION This work represents the first genome-wide study of brain translatome regulation in animal models of AD and provides evidence of a tight and early translatome regulation of gene expression controlling the balance between neuroprotective and neurodegenerative processes in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Eastman
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John S Lazo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - George S Bloom
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - José R Sotelo-Silveira
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Sunanda T, Ray B, Mahalakshmi AM, Bhat A, Rashan L, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ, Essa MM, Sakharkar MK, Chidambaram SB. Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Crosstalk in Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Brain Renin Angiotensin System Components. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1669. [PMID: 34827667 PMCID: PMC8615717 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The past few decades have seen an increased emphasis on the involvement of the mitochondrial-associated membrane (MAM) in various neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In PD, alterations in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and MAM functions affect the secretion and metabolism of proteins, causing an imbalance in calcium homeostasis and oxidative stress. These changes lead to alterations in the translocation of the MAM components, such as IP3R, VDAC, and MFN1 and 2, and consequently disrupt calcium homeostasis and cause misfolded proteins with impaired autophagy, distorted mitochondrial dynamics, and cell death. Various reports indicate the detrimental involvement of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in various neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we attempted to update the reports (using various search engines, such as PubMed, SCOPUS, Elsevier, and Springer Nature) demonstrating the pathogenic interactions between the various proteins present in mitochondria, ER, and MAM with respect to Parkinson's disease. We also made an attempt to speculate the possible involvement of RAS and its components, i.e., AT1 and AT2 receptors, angiotensinogen, in this crosstalk and PD pathology. The review also collates and provides updated information on the role of MAM in calcium signaling, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuladhar Sunanda
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (T.S.); (B.R.); (A.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Bipul Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (T.S.); (B.R.); (A.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Arehally M. Mahalakshmi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (T.S.); (B.R.); (A.M.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Abid Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (T.S.); (B.R.); (A.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Luay Rashan
- Biodiversity Research Centre, Dohfar University, Salalah 2059, Oman;
| | - Wiramon Rungratanawanich
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - Byoung-Joon Song
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (W.R.); (B.-J.S.)
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Meena Kishore Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India; (T.S.); (B.R.); (A.M.M.); (A.B.)
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru 570015, Karnataka, India
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Gong T, Shuang Y. Expression and Clinical Value of Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1A1 (EEF1A1) in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:7247-7258. [PMID: 34737619 PMCID: PMC8559353 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s324645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A1 (EEF1A1) participates in protein translation and has been reported to be involved in tumor progression such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid malignancy in adults. In the present study, we aimed to detect the expression of EEF1A1 in DLBCL and to analyze its relationship with prognosis. Methods We reviewed medical records of DLBCL patients in our hospital and evaluated their expression level of EEF1A1 in tumor tissues using immunohistochemical (IHC) assay. The Chi-square method was used for correlation analysis. The Kaplan–Meier method with Log rank test was used for univariate analysis. Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Cellular and mice models were introduced to validate its oncogenic role. Results EEF1A1 expression in tumor cells was higher in certain DLBCL cases. Patients with higher EEF1A1 expression were more likely to have advanced tumor stage and poorer 5-year overall survival (OS) rates. EEF1A1 expression in tumor cells was an independent risk predictor for OS (P < 0.05). Cellular assays demonstrated that EEF1A1-shRNA significantly inhibited lymphoma cell proliferation. The study of xenografts further verified the effect of EEF1A1-shRNA on suppressing tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion EEF1A1 positivity predicts short survival in DLBCL patients. For patients with higher EEF1A1 expression, more strategy such as anti-EEF1A1 antibody treatment should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Gong
- Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Harbin the First Hospital, Harbin, 150010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuerong Shuang
- Department of Lymphatic Hematology and Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, People's Republic of China
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10
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Kim JW, Yin X, Martin I, Xiong Y, Eacker SM, Ingolia NT, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Dysregulated mRNA Translation in the G2019S LRRK2 and LRRK2 Knock-Out Mouse Brains. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0310-21.2021. [PMID: 34759048 PMCID: PMC8638676 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0310-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The G2019S mutation in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) causes familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and is also found in a subset of idiopathic cases. Prior studies in Drosophila and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived dopamine neurons uncovered a pronounced effect of G2019S LRRK2 on mRNA translation. It was previously reported that G2019S LRRK2 promotes translation of mRNAs with complex 5' untranslated region (UTR) secondary structure, resulting in increased expression of calcium channels and dysregulated calcium homeostasis in human dopamine neurons. Here, we show that dysregulated translation occurs in the brains of mammalian LRRK2 models in vivo Through ribosome profiling studies of global translation, we observe that mRNAs with complex 5'UTR structure are also preferentially translated in the G2019S LRRK2-expressing mouse brain. Reporter assays suggest that this 5'UTR preference is independent of translation initiation factors. Conversely, translation of mRNAs with complex 5'UTR secondary structure is downregulated in LRRK2 knock-out (KO) mouse brain, indicating a robust link between LRRK2 kinase activity and translation of mRNA with complex 5'UTR structure. Further, substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) dopamine neurons in the G2019S LRRK2-expressing brain exhibit increased calcium influx, which is consistent with the previous report from human dopamine neurons. These results collectively suggest that LRRK2 plays a mechanistic role in translational regulation, and the G2019S mutation in LRRK2 causes translational defects leading to calcium dysregulation in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Wren Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Xiling Yin
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Ian Martin
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Yulan Xiong
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Stephen M Eacker
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130
| | - Nicholas T Ingolia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130
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11
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Pirooznia SK, Rosenthal LS, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Parkinson Disease: Translating Insights from Molecular Mechanisms to Neuroprotection. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:33-97. [PMID: 34663684 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) used to be considered a nongenetic condition. However, the identification of several autosomal dominant and recessive mutations linked to monogenic PD has changed this view. Clinically manifest PD is then thought to occur through a complex interplay between genetic mutations, many of which have incomplete penetrance, and environmental factors, both neuroprotective and increasing susceptibility, which variably interact to reach a threshold over which PD becomes clinically manifested. Functional studies of PD gene products have identified many cellular and molecular pathways, providing crucial insights into the nature and causes of PD. PD originates from multiple causes and a range of pathogenic processes at play, ultimately culminating in nigral dopaminergic loss and motor dysfunction. An in-depth understanding of these complex and possibly convergent pathways will pave the way for therapeutic approaches to alleviate the disease symptoms and neuroprotective strategies to prevent disease manifestations. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of advances made in PD research based on leveraging genetic insights into the pathogenesis of PD. It further discusses novel perspectives to facilitate identification of critical molecular pathways that are central to neurodegeneration that hold the potential to develop neuroprotective and/or neurorestorative therapeutic strategies for PD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A comprehensive review of PD pathophysiology is provided on the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors and biologic processes that contribute to PD pathogenesis. This knowledge identifies new targets that could be leveraged into disease-modifying therapies to prevent or slow neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K Pirooznia
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
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12
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Yin J, Ibrahim S, Petersen F, Yu X. Autoimmunomic Signatures of Aging and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases Are Associated With Brain Function and Ribosomal Proteins. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:679688. [PMID: 34122052 PMCID: PMC8192960 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.679688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is a complex process featured by declined function of cells and tissues, including those of the immune system. As a consequence, aging affects the expression and development of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells, which can be seen in their sum as the autoimmunome of an individual. In this study we analyzed whether sets of autoimmune features are associated with specific phenotypes which form autoimmunomic signatures related to age and neurodegenerative diseases. The autoantibody profile data of healthy subjects and patients from the GEO database was used to explore autoimmunomic signatures of aging and three neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer disease (AD) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Our results demonstrate that the autoimmunomic signature of aging is featured by an undulated increase of IgG autoantibodies associated with learning and behavior and a consistent increase of IgG autoantibodies related to ribosome and translation, and the autoimmunomic signature of aging are also associated with age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Intriguingly, Differential Expression-Sliding Window Analysis (DE-SWAN) identified three waves of changes of autoantibodies during aging at an age of 30, 50, and 62 years, respectively. Furthermore, IgG autoantibodies, in particular those against ribosomal proteins, could be used as prediction markers for aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, this study for the first time uncovers comprehensive autoimmunomic signatures for aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Yin
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,College of Medicine and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Borstel, Germany
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13
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Goveas L, Mutez E, Chartier-Harlin MC, Taymans JM. Mind the Gap: LRRK2 Phenotypes in the Clinic vs. in Patient Cells. Cells 2021; 10:981. [PMID: 33922322 PMCID: PMC8145309 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Parkinson's disease (PD) protein Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) have been under study for more than 15 years and our understanding of the cellular phenotypes for the pathogenic mutant forms of LRRK2 has significantly advanced. In parallel to research on LRRK2 mutations in experimental systems, clinical characterization of patients carrying LRRK2 mutations has advanced, as has the analysis of cells that are derived from these patients, including fibroblasts, blood-derived cells, or cells rendered pluripotent. Under the hypothesis that patient clinical phenotypes are a consequence of a cascade of underlying molecular mechanisms gone astray, we currently have a unique opportunity to compare findings from patients and patient-derived cells to ask the question of whether the clinical phenotype of LRRK2 Parkinson's disease and cellular phenotypes of LRRK2 patient-derived cells may be mutually informative. In this review, we aim to summarize the available information on phenotypes of LRRK2 mutations in the clinic, in patient-derived cells, and in experimental models in order to better understand the relationship between the three at the molecular and cellular levels and identify trends and gaps in correlating the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesel Goveas
- UMR-S 1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Eugénie Mutez
- UMR-S 1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.G.); (E.M.)
- Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, CHU Lille University Hospital, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- UMR-S 1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.G.); (E.M.)
| | - Jean-Marc Taymans
- UMR-S 1172—LilNCog—Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (L.G.); (E.M.)
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14
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Lottes EN, Cox DN. Homeostatic Roles of the Proteostasis Network in Dendrites. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:264. [PMID: 33013325 PMCID: PMC7461941 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is indispensable to the survival and function of all cells. Distinct from other cell types, neurons are long-lived, exhibiting architecturally complex and diverse multipolar projection morphologies that can span great distances. These properties present unique demands on proteostatic machinery to dynamically regulate the neuronal proteome in both space and time. Proteostasis is regulated by a distributed network of cellular processes, the proteostasis network (PN), which ensures precise control of protein synthesis, native conformational folding and maintenance, and protein turnover and degradation, collectively safeguarding proteome integrity both under homeostatic conditions and in the contexts of cellular stress, aging, and disease. Dendrites are equipped with distributed cellular machinery for protein synthesis and turnover, including dendritically trafficked ribosomes, chaperones, and autophagosomes. The PN can be subdivided into an adaptive network of three major functional pathways that synergistically govern protein quality control through the action of (1) protein synthesis machinery; (2) maintenance mechanisms including molecular chaperones involved in protein folding; and (3) degradative pathways (e.g., Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), endolysosomal pathway, and autophagy. Perturbations in any of the three arms of proteostasis can have dramatic effects on neurons, especially on their dendrites, which require tightly controlled homeostasis for proper development and maintenance. Moreover, the critical importance of the PN as a cell surveillance system against protein dyshomeostasis has been highlighted by extensive work demonstrating that the aggregation and/or failure to clear aggregated proteins figures centrally in many neurological disorders. While these studies demonstrate the relevance of derangements in proteostasis to human neurological disease, here we mainly review recent literature on homeostatic developmental roles the PN machinery plays in the establishment, maintenance, and plasticity of stable and dynamic dendritic arbors. Beyond basic housekeeping functions, we consider roles of PN machinery in protein quality control mechanisms linked to dendritic plasticity (e.g., dendritic spine remodeling during LTP); cell-type specificity; dendritic morphogenesis; and dendritic pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel N. Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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15
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Mancini A, Mazzocchetti P, Sciaccaluga M, Megaro A, Bellingacci L, Beccano-Kelly DA, Di Filippo M, Tozzi A, Calabresi P. From Synaptic Dysfunction to Neuroprotective Strategies in Genetic Parkinson's Disease: Lessons From LRRK2. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:158. [PMID: 32848606 PMCID: PMC7399363 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is thought to rely on a complex interaction between the patient’s genetic background and a variety of largely unknown environmental factors. In this scenario, the investigation of the genetic bases underlying familial PD could unveil key molecular pathways to be targeted by new disease-modifying therapies, still currently unavailable. Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are responsible for the majority of inherited familial PD cases and can also be found in sporadic PD, but the pathophysiological functions of LRRK2 have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we will review the evidence obtained in transgenic LRRK2 experimental models, characterized by altered striatal synaptic transmission, mitochondrial dysfunction, and α-synuclein aggregation. Interestingly, the processes triggered by mutant LRRK2 might represent early pathological phenomena in the pathogenesis of PD, anticipating the typical neurodegenerative features characterizing the late phases of the disease. A comprehensive view of LRRK2 neuronal pathophysiology will support the possible clinical application of pharmacological compounds targeting this protein, with potential therapeutic implications for patients suffering from both familial and sporadic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mancini
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Petra Mazzocchetti
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Miriam Sciaccaluga
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Megaro
- Section of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Bellingacci
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Dayne A Beccano-Kelly
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alessandro Tozzi
- Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Neuroscience Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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16
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Sanyal A, Novis HS, Gasser E, Lin S, LaVoie MJ. LRRK2 Kinase Inhibition Rescues Deficits in Lysosome Function Due to Heterozygous GBA1 Expression in Human iPSC-Derived Neurons. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:442. [PMID: 32499675 PMCID: PMC7243441 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of genes associated with Parkinson's disease are implicated in the regulation of lysosome function, including LRRK2, whose missense mutations are perhaps the most common monogenic cause of this neurodegenerative disease. These mutations are collectively thought to introduce a pathologic increase in LRRK2 kinase activity, which is currently a major target for therapeutic intervention. Heterozygous carriers of many missense mutations in the GBA1 gene have dramatically increased risk of Parkinson's disease. A critical question has recently emerged regarding the potential interplay between the proteins encoded by these two disease-linked genes. Our group has recently demonstrated that knockin mutation of a Parkinson's-linked GBA1 variant induces severe lysosomal and cytokine abnormalities in murine astrocytes and that these deficits were normalized via inhibition of wild-type LRRK2 kinase activity in these cells. Another group independently found that LRRK2 inhibition increases glucocerebrosidase activity in wild-type human iPSC-derived neurons, as well as those whose activity is disrupted by GBA1 or LRRK2 mutation. Fundamental questions remain in terms of the lysosomal abnormalities and the effects of LRRK2 kinase inhibition in human neurons deficient in glucocerebrosidase activity. Here, we further elucidate the physiological crosstalk between LRRK2 signaling and glucocerebrosidase activity in human iPSC-derived neurons. Our studies show that the allelic loss of GBA1 manifests broad defects in lysosomal morphology and function. Furthermore, our data show an increase in both the accumulation and secretion of oligomeric α-synuclein protein in these GBA1-heterozygous-null neurons, compared to isogenic controls. Consistent with recent findings in murine astrocytes, we observed that multiple indices of lysosomal dysfunction in GBA1-deficient human neurons were normalized by LRRK2 kinase inhibition, while some defects were preserved. Our findings demonstrate a selective but functional intersection between glucocerebrosidase dysfunction and LRRK2 signaling in the cell and may have implications in the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J. LaVoie
- Ann Romney Center for Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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17
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Maksoud E, Liao EH, Haghighi AP. A Neuron-Glial Trans-Signaling Cascade Mediates LRRK2-Induced Neurodegeneration. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1774-1786.e4. [PMID: 30759389 PMCID: PMC6474846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) induce an age-dependent loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. We have identified Furin 1, a pro-protein convertase, as a translational target of LRRK2 in DA neurons. Transgenic knockdown of Furin1 or its substrate the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) ligand glass bottom boat (Gbb) protects against LRRK2-induced loss of DA neurons. LRRK2 enhances the accumulation of phosphorylated Mad (pMad) in the nuclei of glial cells in the vicinity of DA neurons but not in DA neurons. Consistently, exposure to paraquat enhances Furin 1 levels in DA neurons and induces BMP signaling in glia. In support of a neuron-glial signaling model, knocking down BMP pathway members only in glia, but not in neurons, can protect against paraquat toxicity. We propose that a neuron-glial BMP-signaling cascade is critical for mediating age-dependent neurodegeneration in two models of Parkinson's disease, thus opening avenues for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Maksoud
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Edward H Liao
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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18
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Chalorak P, Dharmasaroja P, Meemon K. Downregulation of eEF1A/EFT3-4 Enhances Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration After 6-OHDA Exposure in C. elegans Model. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:303. [PMID: 32425742 PMCID: PMC7212436 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the aggregation of α-synuclein protein and selective death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. Although the molecular pathogenesis of PD is not completely understood, a recent study has reported that eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) declined in the PD-affected brain. Therefore, the roles of eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 in the prevention of DA neuronal cell death in PD are aimed to be investigated. Herein, by using Caenorhabditis elegans as a PD model, we investigated the role of eft-3/eft-4, the worm homolog of eEF1A1/eEF1A2, on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced DA neuron degeneration. Our results demonstrated that the expressions of eft-3 and eft-4 were decreased in the 6-OHDA-induced worms. RNA interference (RNAi) of eft-3 and eft-4 resulted in dramatic exacerbation of DA neurodegeneration induced by 6-OHDA, as well as aggravated the food-sensing behavior, ethanol avoidance, and decreased lifespan when compared with only 6-OHDA-induced worms. Moreover, downregulation of eft-3/4 in 6-OHDA-induced worms suppressed the expression of the anti-apoptotic genes, including PI3K/age-1, PDK-1/pdk-1, mTOR/let-363, and AKT-1,2/akt-1,2, promoting the expression of apoptotic genes such as BH3/egl-1 and Caspase-9/ced-3. Collectively, these findings indicate that eEF1A plays an important role in the 6-OHDA-induced neurodegeneration through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and that eEF1A isoforms may be a novel and effective pro-survival factor in protective DA neurons against toxin-induced neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawanrat Chalorak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Krai Meemon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Huntley GW, Benson DL. Origins of Parkinson's Disease in Brain Development: Insights From Early and Persistent Effects of LRRK2-G2019S on Striatal Circuits. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:265. [PMID: 32273839 PMCID: PMC7113397 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) is dominated clinically and experimentally by a focus on dopamine neuron degeneration and ensuing motor system abnormalities. There are, additionally, a number of non-motor symptoms - including cognitive and psychiatric - that can appear much earlier in the course of the disease and also significantly impair quality of life. The neurobiology of such cognitive and psychiatric non-motor symptoms is poorly understood. The recognition of genetic forms of late-onset PD, which are clinically similar to idiopathic forms in both motor and non-motor symptoms, raises the perspective that brain cells and circuits - and the behaviors they support - differ in significant ways from normal by virtue of the fact that these mutations are carried throughout life, including especially early developmental critical periods where circuit structure and function is particularly susceptible to the influence of experience-dependent activity. In this focused review, we support this central thesis by highlighting studies of LRRK2-G2019S mouse models. We describe work that shows that in G2019S mutants, corticostriatal activity and plasticity are abnormal by P21, the end of a period of excitatory synaptogenesis in striatum. Moreover, by young adulthood, impaired striatal synaptic and non-synaptic forms of plasticity likely underlie altered and variable performance by mutant mice in validated tasks that test for depression-like and anhedonia-like behaviors. Mechanistically, deficits in cellular, synaptic and behavioral plasticity may be unified by mutation-linked defects in trafficking of AMPAR subunits and other membrane channels, which in turn may reflect impairment in the function of the Rab family of GTPases, a major target of LRRK2 phosphorylation. These findings underscore the need to better understand how PD-related mutant proteins influence brain structure and function during an extended period of brain development, and offer new clues for future therapeutic strategies to target non-motor cognitive or psychiatric symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W. Huntley
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Deanna L. Benson
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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20
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Li M, Shin J, Risgaard RD, Parries MJ, Wang J, Chasman D, Liu S, Roy S, Bhattacharyya A, Zhao X. Identification of FMR1-regulated molecular networks in human neurodevelopment. Genome Res 2020; 30:361-374. [PMID: 32179589 PMCID: PMC7111522 DOI: 10.1101/gr.251405.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RNA-BPs) play critical roles in development and disease to regulate gene expression. However, genome-wide identification of their targets in primary human cells has been challenging. Here, we applied a modified CLIP-seq strategy to identify genome-wide targets of the FMRP translational regulator 1 (FMR1), a brain-enriched RNA-BP, whose deficiency leads to Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), the most prevalent inherited intellectual disability. We identified FMR1 targets in human dorsal and ventral forebrain neural progenitors and excitatory and inhibitory neurons differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells. In parallel, we measured the transcriptomes of the same four cell types upon FMR1 gene deletion. We discovered that FMR1 preferentially binds long transcripts in human neural cells. FMR1 targets include genes unique to human neural cells and associated with clinical phenotypes of FXS and autism. Integrative network analysis using graph diffusion and multitask clustering of FMR1 CLIP-seq and transcriptional targets reveals critical pathways regulated by FMR1 in human neural development. Our results demonstrate that FMR1 regulates a common set of targets among different neural cell types but also operates in a cell type-specific manner targeting distinct sets of genes in human excitatory and inhibitory neural progenitors and neurons. By defining molecular subnetworks and validating specific high-priority genes, we identify novel components of the FMR1 regulation program. Our results provide new insights into gene regulation by a critical neuronal RNA-BP in human neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Junha Shin
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Ryan D Risgaard
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Molly J Parries
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Deborah Chasman
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Shuang Liu
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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21
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Pathways of protein synthesis and degradation in PD pathogenesis. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:217-270. [PMID: 32247365 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of protein aggregates in the brains of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) in the early 20th century, the scientific community has been interested in the role of dysfunctional protein metabolism in PD etiology. Recent advances in the field have implicated defective protein handling underlying PD through genetic, in vitro, and in vivo studies incorporating many disease models alongside neuropathological evidence. Here, we discuss the existing body of research focused on understanding cellular pathways of protein synthesis and degradation, and how aberrations in either system could engender PD pathology with special attention to α-synuclein-related consequences. We consider transcription, translation, and post-translational modification to constitute protein synthesis, and protein degradation to encompass proteasome-, lysosome- and endoplasmic reticulum-dependent mechanisms. Novel findings connecting each of these steps in protein metabolism to development of PD indicate that deregulation of protein production and turnover remains an exciting area in PD research.
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22
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Identification of distinct blood-based biomarkers in early stage of Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:893-901. [PMID: 31828678 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowly progressive geriatric disease, which can be one of the leading causes of serious socioeconomic burden in the aging society. Clinical trials suggest that prompt treatment of early-stage Parkinson's disease (EPD) may slow down the disease progress and have a better response. Therefore, conducting proteomics study to identify biomarkers for the diagnosis and disease-modifying therapies of EPD is vital. We aimed at identifying distinct protein autoantibody biomarkers of EPD by using the database of GSE62283 based on the platform GPL13669 downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the EPD group (n = 103) and the normal control (NC) group (n = 111) were identified by protein-specific t test. Cluster analysis of DEPs was conducted by protein-protein interaction network to detect hub proteins. The hub proteins were then evaluated to determine the distinct biomarkers by principal component analysis, as well as functional and pathway enrichment analysis. Their biological functions were confirmed by gene ontology functional (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment (KEGG). Two biomarkers, mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor (MRRF) and ribosomal protein S18 (RPS18), distinguished the EPD samples from the NC samples, and they were regarded as high-confidence distinct protein autoantibody biomarkers of EPD. The most significant GO function was protein serine/threonine kinase activity (GO: 0004674) and most of DEPs were enriched in ATP binding in molecular function category (GO: 0005524). These results may help in establishing the prompt and accurate diagnosis of EPD and may also contribute to develop mechanism-based treatments.
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González-Casacuberta I, Juárez-Flores DL, Morén C, Garrabou G. Bioenergetics and Autophagic Imbalance in Patients-Derived Cell Models of Parkinson Disease Supports Systemic Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:894. [PMID: 31551675 PMCID: PMC6748355 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide affecting 2-3% of the population over 65 years. This prevalence is expected to rise as life expectancy increases and diagnostic and therapeutic protocols improve. PD encompasses a multitude of clinical, genetic, and molecular forms of the disease. Even though the mechanistic of the events leading to neurodegeneration remain largely unknown, some molecular hallmarks have been repeatedly reported in most patients and models of the disease. Neuroinflammation, protein misfolding, disrupted endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria crosstalk, mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent bioenergetic failure, oxidative stress and autophagy deregulation, are amongst the most commonly described. Supporting these findings, numerous familial forms of PD are caused by mutations in genes that are crucial for mitochondrial and autophagy proper functioning. For instance, late and early onset PD associated to mutations in Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and Parkin (PRKN) genes, responsible for the most frequent dominant and recessive inherited forms of PD, respectively, have emerged as promising examples of disease due to their established role in commanding bioenergetic and autophagic balance. Concomitantly, the development of animal and cell models to investigate the etiology of the disease, potential biomarkers and therapeutic approaches are being explored. One of the emerging approaches in this context is the use of patient's derived cells models, such as skin-derived fibroblasts that preserve the genetic background and some environmental cues of the patients. An increasing number of reports in these PD cell models postulate that deficient mitochondrial function and impaired autophagic flux may be determinant in PD accelerated nigral cell death in terms of limitation of cell energy supply and accumulation of obsolete and/or unfolded proteins or dysfunctional organelles. The reliance of neurons on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and their post-mitotic nature, may explain their increased vulnerability to undergo degeneration upon mitochondrial challenges or autophagic insults. In this scenario, proper mitochondrial function and turnover through mitophagy, are gaining in strength as protective targets to prevent neurodegeneration, together with the use of patient-derived fibroblasts to further explore these events. These findings point out the presence of molecular damage beyond the central nervous system (CNS) and proffer patient-derived cell platforms to the clinical and scientific community, which enable the study of disease etiopathogenesis and therapeutic approaches focused on modifying the natural history of PD through, among others, the enhancement of mitochondrial function and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid González-Casacuberta
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-U722, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Luz Juárez-Flores
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-U722, Madrid, Spain
| | - Constanza Morén
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-U722, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERER-U722, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Singh A, Zhi L, Zhang H. LRRK2 and mitochondria: Recent advances and current views. Brain Res 2019; 1702:96-104. [PMID: 29894679 PMCID: PMC6281802 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene account for most common causes of familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) and are one of the strongest genetic risk factors in sporadic PD. Pathways implicated in LRRK2-dependent neurodegeneration include cytoskeletal dynamics, vesicular trafficking, autophagy, mitochondria, and calcium homeostasis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Both genetic and environmental causes of PD have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD. Mitochondrial impairment has been observed in fibroblasts and iPSC-derived neural cells from PD patients with LRRK2 mutations, and LRRK2 has been shown to localize to mitochondria and to regulate its function. In this review we discuss recent discoveries relating to LRRK2 mutations and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Singh
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Lianteng Zhi
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States.
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25
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Baltussen LL, Rosianu F, Ultanir SK. Kinases in synaptic development and neurological diseases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:343-352. [PMID: 29241837 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal morphogenesis and synapse development is essential for building a functioning nervous system, and defects in these processes are associated with neurological disorders. Our understanding of molecular components and signalling events that contribute to neuronal development and pathogenesis is limited. Genes associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases provide entry points for elucidating molecular events that contribute to these conditions. Several protein kinases, enzymes that regulate protein function by phosphorylating their substrates, are genetically linked to neurological disorders. Identifying substrates of these kinases is key to discovering their function and providing insight for possible therapies. In this review, we describe how various methods for kinase-substrate identification helped elucidate kinase signalling pathways important for neuronal development and function. We describe recent advances on roles of kinases TAOK2, TNIK and CDKL5 in neuronal development and the converging pathways of LRRK2, PINK1 and GAK in Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Baltussen
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia Rosianu
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Sila K Ultanir
- Kinases and Brain Development Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, United Kingdom.
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26
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Núñez Villacís L, Wong MS, Ferguson LL, Hein N, George AJ, Hannan KM. New Roles for the Nucleolus in Health and Disease. Bioessays 2018; 40:e1700233. [PMID: 29603296 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, our appreciation of the importance of the nucleolus for cellular function has progressed from the ordinary to the extraordinary. We no longer think of the nucleolus as simply the site of ribosome production, or a dynamic subnuclear body noted by pathologists for its changes in size and shape with malignancy. Instead, the nucleolus has emerged as a key controller of many cellular processes that are fundamental to normal cell homeostasis and the target for dysregulation in many human diseases; in some cases, independent of its functions in ribosome biogenesis. These extra-nucleolar or new functions, which we term "non-canonical" to distinguish them from the more traditional role of the nucleolus in ribosome synthesis, are the focus of this review. In particular, we explore how these non-canonical functions may provide novel insights into human disease and in some cases new targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Núñez Villacís
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia
| | - Mei S Wong
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia.,Oncogenic Signalling and Growth Control Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Laura L Ferguson
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia
| | - Nadine Hein
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia
| | - Amee J George
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4067, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine M Hannan
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, 2601, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
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27
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Zanforlin E, Zagotto G, Ribaudo G. The Medicinal Chemistry of Natural and Semisynthetic Compounds against Parkinson's and Huntington's Diseases. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2356-2368. [PMID: 28862431 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS), neurodegenerations attract the interest of both the clinician and the medicinal chemist. The increasing average age of population, the growing number of patients, and the lack of long-term effective remedies push ahead the quest for novel tools against this class of pathologies. We present a review on the state of the art of the molecules (or combination of molecules) of natural origin that are currently under study against two well-defined pathologies: Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Nowadays, very few tools are available for preventing or counteracting the progression of such diseases. Two major parameters were considered for the preparation of this review: particular attention was reserved to these research works presenting well-defined molecular mechanisms for the studied compounds, and where available, papers reporting in vivo data were preferred. A literature search for peer-reviewed articles using PubMed, Scopus, and Reaxys databases was performed, exploiting different keywords and logical operators: 91 papers were considered (preferentially published after 2015). The review presents a brief overview on the etiology of the studied neurodegenerations and the current treatments, followed by a detailed discussion of the natural and semisynthetic compounds dividing them in different paragraphs considering their several mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Zanforlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical
and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical
and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical
and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
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28
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Translating protein phosphatase research into treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:101-112. [PMID: 28202663 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many of the major neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by the accumulation of intracellular protein aggregates in neurons and other cells in brain, suggesting that errors in protein quality control mechanisms associated with the aging process play a critical role in the onset and progression of disease. The increased understanding of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling network and, more specifically, the structure and function of eIF2α phosphatases has enabled the development or discovery of small molecule inhibitors that show great promise in restoring protein homeostasis and ameliorating neuronal damage and death. While this review focuses attention on one or more eIF2α phosphatases, the wide range of UPR proteins that are currently being explored as potential drug targets bodes well for the successful future development of therapies to preserve neuronal function and treat neurodegenerative disease.
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29
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Ribaudo G, Zanforlin E, Canton M, Bova S, Zagotto G. Preliminary studies of berberine and its semi-synthetic derivatives as a promising class of multi-target anti-parkinson agents. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1395-1401. [PMID: 28691859 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1350669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder bearing motor and nonmotor symptoms. The treatment today is symptomatical rather than preventive or curative and this leaves the field open for the search of both novel molecular targets and drug candidates. Interference with α-synuclein fibrillation, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition, modulation of adenosine receptors and the inhibition of specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) isoforms are some of the currently pursued strategies. We synthesised and studied some semi-synthetic berberine derivatives using a set of in silico tools. We evaluated their drug-likeness and tested the compounds against a set of target proteins involved in the onset or progression of PD, with a particular attention to MAO-B. Preliminary in vitro assay on MAO-B confirmed our in silico predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Enrico Zanforlin
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marcella Canton
- b Department of Biomedical Science , University of Padova , Padova , Italy.,c Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) , Padova , Italy
| | - Sergio Bova
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- a Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences , University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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30
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Nkiliza A, Chartier-Harlin MC. ATXN2 a culprit with multiple facets. Oncotarget 2017; 8:34028-34029. [PMID: 28423350 PMCID: PMC5470947 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Nkiliza
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, JPArc, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, and Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S1172, JPArc, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, and Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", Lille, France
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31
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Simsek D, Barna M. An emerging role for the ribosome as a nexus for post-translational modifications. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 45:92-101. [PMID: 28445788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The ribosome is one of life's most ancient molecular machines that has historically been viewed as a backstage participant in gene regulation, translating the genetic code across all kingdoms of life in a rote-like fashion. However, recent studies suggest that intrinsic components of the ribosome can be regulated and diversified as a means to intricately control the expression of the cellular proteome. In this review, we discuss advances in the characterization of ribosome post-translational modifications (PTMs) from past to present. We specifically focus on emerging examples of ribosome phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, which are beginning to showcase that PTMs of the ribosome are versatile, may have functional consequences for translational control, and are intimately linked to human disease. We further highlight the key questions that remain to be addressed to gain a more complete picture of the array of ribosome PTMs and the upstream enzymes that control them, which may endow ribosomes with greater regulatory potential in gene regulation and control of cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Simsek
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maria Barna
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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32
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Tsuyama T, Tsubouchi A, Usui T, Imamura H, Uemura T. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces dendritic loss via eIF2α phosphorylation. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:815-834. [PMID: 28209644 PMCID: PMC5346966 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201604065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key contributors to the etiology of diseases associated with neuromuscular defects or neurodegeneration. How changes in cellular metabolism specifically impact neuronal intracellular processes and cause neuropathological events is still unclear. We here dissect the molecular mechanism by which mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Prel aberrant function mediates selective dendritic loss in Drosophila melanogaster class IV dendritic arborization neurons. Using in vivo ATP imaging, we found that neuronal cellular ATP levels during development are not correlated with the progression of dendritic loss. We searched for mitochondrial stress signaling pathways that induce dendritic loss and found that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with increased eIF2α phosphorylation, which is sufficient to induce dendritic pathology in class IV arborization neurons. We also observed that eIF2α phosphorylation mediates dendritic loss when mitochondrial dysfunction results from other genetic perturbations. Furthermore, mitochondrial dysfunction induces translation repression in class IV neurons in an eIF2α phosphorylation-dependent manner, suggesting that differential translation attenuation among neuron subtypes is a determinant of preferential vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiichi Tsuyama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Asako Tsubouchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tadao Usui
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uemura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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33
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Redenšek S, Trošt M, Dolžan V. Genetic Determinants of Parkinson's Disease: Can They Help to Stratify the Patients Based on the Underlying Molecular Defect? Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:20. [PMID: 28239348 PMCID: PMC5301007 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a sporadic progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder with a relatively strong genetic background. We have reviewed the current literature about the genetic factors that could be indicative of pathophysiological pathways of PD and their applications in everyday clinical practice. Information on novel risk genes is coming from several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and their meta-analyses. GWASs that have been performed so far enabled the identification of 24 loci as PD risk factors. These loci take part in numerous cellular processes that may contribute to PD pathology: protein aggregation, protein, and membrane trafficking, lysosomal autophagy, immune response, synaptic function, endocytosis, inflammation, and metabolic pathways are among the most important ones. The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms are usually located in the non-coding regions and their functionality remains to be determined, although they presumably influence gene expression. It is important to be aware of a very low contribution of a single genetic risk factor to PD development; therefore, novel prognostic indices need to account for the cumulative nature of genetic risk factors. A better understanding of PD pathophysiology and its genetic background will help to elucidate the underlying pathological processes. Such knowledge may help physicians to recognize subjects with the highest risk for the development of PD, and provide an opportunity for the identification of novel potential targets for neuroprotective treatment. Moreover, it may enable stratification of the PD patients according to their genetic fingerprint to properly personalize their treatment as well as supportive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redenšek
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Trošt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Nkiliza A, Mutez E, Simonin C, Leprêtre F, Duflot A, Figeac M, Villenet C, Semaille P, Comptdaer T, Genet A, Sablonnière B, Devos D, Defebvre L, Destée A, Chartier-Harlin MC. RNA-binding disturbances as a continuum from spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 to Parkinson disease. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 96:312-322. [PMID: 27663142 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CAG triplet expansions in Ataxin-2 gene (ATXN2) cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 and have a role that remains to be clarified in Parkinson's disease (PD). To study the molecular events associated with these expansions, we sequenced them and analyzed the transcriptome from blood cells of controls and three patient groups diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (herein referred to as SCA2c) or PD with or without ATXN2 triplet expansions (named SCA2p). The transcriptome profiles of these 40 patients revealed three main observations: i) a specific pattern of pathways related to cellular contacts, proliferation and differentiation associated with SCA2p group, ii) similarities between the SCA2p and sporadic PD groups in genes and pathways known to be altered in PD such as Wnt, Ephrin and Leukocyte extravasation signaling iii) RNA metabolism disturbances with "RNA-binding" and "poly(A) RNA-binding" as a common feature in all groups. Remarkably, disturbances of ALS signaling were shared between SCA2p and sporadic PD suggesting common molecular dysfunctions in PD and ALS including CACNA1, hnRNP, DDX and PABPC gene family perturbations. Interestingly, the transcriptome profiles of patients with parkinsonian phenotypes were prevalently associated with alterations of translation while SCA2c and PD patients presented perturbations of splicing. While ATXN2 RNA expression was not perturbed, its protein expression in immortalized lymphoblastoid cells was significantly decreased in SCA2c and SCA2p versus control groups assuming post-transcriptional biological perturbations. In conclusion, the transcriptome data do not exclude the role of ATXN2 mutated alleles in PD but its decrease protein expression in both SCA2c and SCA2p patients suggest a potential involvement of this gene in PD. The perturbations of "RNA-binding" and "poly(A) RNA-binding" molecular functions in the three patient groups as well as gene deregulations of factors not yet described in PD but known to be deleterious in other neurological conditions, suggest the existence of RNA-binding disturbances as a continuum between spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Nkiliza
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eugénie Mutez
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Clémence Simonin
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Leprêtre
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, IRCL, Structural and Functional Genomics Core Facility, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Figeac
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, IRCL, Structural and Functional Genomics Core Facility, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline Villenet
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, IRCL, Structural and Functional Genomics Core Facility, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Semaille
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Thomas Comptdaer
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Genet
- CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Unité de Neurobiologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bernard Sablonnière
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Centre de Biologie Pathologie, Unité de Neurobiologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Devos
- CHU Lille, Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luc Defebvre
- CHU Lille, Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Alain Destée
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", F-59000 Lille, France; CHU Lille, Neurologie et Pathologie du Mouvement, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin
- Univ. Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, UMR-S 1172, Team "Early stages of Parkinson's disease", F-59000 Lille, France.
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Steger M, Tonelli F, Ito G, Davies P, Trost M, Vetter M, Wachter S, Lorentzen E, Duddy G, Wilson S, Baptista MAS, Fiske BK, Fell MJ, Morrow JA, Reith AD, Alessi DR, Mann M. Phosphoproteomics reveals that Parkinson's disease kinase LRRK2 regulates a subset of Rab GTPases. eLife 2016; 5:e12813. [PMID: 26824392 PMCID: PMC4769169 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 663] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Park8, encoding for the multidomain Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) protein, comprise the predominant genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). G2019S, the most common amino acid substitution activates the kinase two- to threefold. This has motivated the development of LRRK2 kinase inhibitors; however, poor consensus on physiological LRRK2 substrates has hampered clinical development of such therapeutics. We employ a combination of phosphoproteomics, genetics, and pharmacology to unambiguously identify a subset of Rab GTPases as key LRRK2 substrates. LRRK2 directly phosphorylates these both in vivo and in vitro on an evolutionary conserved residue in the switch II domain. Pathogenic LRRK2 variants mapping to different functional domains increase phosphorylation of Rabs and this strongly decreases their affinity to regulatory proteins including Rab GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). Our findings uncover a key class of bona-fide LRRK2 substrates and a novel regulatory mechanism of Rabs that connects them to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steger
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Francesca Tonelli
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Genta Ito
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Davies
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Trost
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Vetter
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wachter
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Graham Duddy
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals R&D, Harlow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Wilson
- RD Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Marco AS Baptista
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, United States
| | - Brian K Fiske
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, United States
| | - Matthew J Fell
- Early Discovery Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, United States
| | - John A Morrow
- Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Westpoint, United States
| | - Alastair D Reith
- Neurodegeneration Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals R&D, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Dario R Alessi
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
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Choi I, Choi DJ, Yang H, Woo JH, Chang MY, Kim JY, Sun W, Park SM, Jou I, Lee SH, Lee SH, Joe EH. PINK1 expression increases during brain development and stem cell differentiation, and affects the development of GFAP-positive astrocytes. Mol Brain 2016; 9:5. [PMID: 26746235 PMCID: PMC4706723 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mutation of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) causes autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite of its ubiquitous expression in brain, its roles in non-neuronal cells such as neural stem cells (NSCs) and astrocytes were poorly unknown. Results We show that PINK1 expression increases from embryonic day 12 to postnatal day 1 in mice, which represents the main period of brain development. PINK1 expression also increases during neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation. Interestingly, expression of GFAP (a marker of astrocytes) was lower in PINK1 knockout (KO) mouse brain lysates compared to wild-type (WT) lysates at postnatal days 1-8, whereas there was little difference in the expression of markers for other brain cell types (e.g., neurons and oligodendrocytes). Further experiments showed that PINK1-KO NSCs were defective in their differentiation to astrocytes, producing fewer GFAP-positive cells compared to WT NSCs. However, the KO and WT NSCs did not differ in their self-renewal capabilities or ability to differentiate to neurons and oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, during differentiation of KO NSCs there were no defects in mitochondrial function, and there were not changes in signaling molecules such as SMAD1/5/8, STAT3, and HES1 involved in differentiation of NSCs into astrocytes. In brain sections, GFAP-positive astrocytes were more sparsely distributed in the corpus callosum and substantia nigra of KO animals compared with WT. Conclusion Our study suggests that PINK1 deficiency causes defects in GFAP-positive astrogliogenesis during brain development and NSC differentiation, which may be a factor to increase risk for PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0186-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insup Choi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Dong-Joo Choi
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Haijie Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine san-5, Woncheon-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-721, Korea.
| | - Joo Hong Woo
- Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Mi-Yoon Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Joo Yeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-705, Korea.
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21 Plus Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 136-705, Korea.
| | - Sang-Myun Park
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine san-5, Woncheon-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-721, Korea.
| | - Ilo Jou
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine san-5, Woncheon-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-721, Korea.
| | - Sang-Hun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine san-5, Woncheon-dong, Youngtong-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do, 442-721, Korea. .,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea. .,Brain Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Dissecting the role of Engrailed in adult dopaminergic neurons--Insights into Parkinson disease pathogenesis. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3786-94. [PMID: 26459030 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The homeoprotein Engrailed (Engrailed-1/Engrailed-2, collectively En1/2) is not only a survival factor for mesencephalic dopaminergic (mDA) neurons during development, but continues to exert neuroprotective and physiological functions in adult mDA neurons. Loss of one En1 allele in the mouse leads to progressive demise of mDA neurons in the ventral midbrain starting from 6 weeks of age. These mice also develop Parkinson disease-like motor and non-motor symptoms. The characterization of En1 heterozygous mice have revealed striking parallels to central mechanisms of Parkinson disease pathogenesis, mainly related to mitochondrial dysfunction and retrograde degeneration. Thanks to the ability of homeoproteins to transduce cells, En1/2 proteins have also been used to protect mDA neurons in various experimental models of Parkinson disease. This neuroprotection is partly linked to the ability of En1/2 to regulate the translation of certain nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs for complex I subunits. Other transcription factors that govern mDA neuron development (e.g. Foxa1/2, Lmx1a/b, Nurr1, Otx2, Pitx3) also continue to function for the survival and maintenance of mDA neurons in the adult and act through partially overlapping but also diverse mechanisms.
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van der Brug MP, Singleton A, Gasser T, Lewis PA. Parkinson's disease: From human genetics to clinical trials. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:205ps20. [PMID: 26378242 PMCID: PMC5995146 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa8280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Combining genetic insights into the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) with findings from animal and cellular models of this disorder has advanced our understanding of the pathways that lead to the characteristic degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the brain's nigrostriatal pathway. This has fueled an increase in candidate compounds designed to modulate these pathways and to alter the processes underlying neuronal death in this disorder. Using mitochondrial quality control and the macroautophagy/lysosomal pathways as examples, we discuss the pipeline from a comprehensive genetic architecture for PD through to clinical trials for drugs targeting pathways linked to neurodegeneration in PD. We also identify opportunities and pitfalls on the road to a clinically effective disease-modifying treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick A Lewis
- School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK. Centre for Integrated Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK. Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen's Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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