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Bauzá-Thorbrügge M, Vujičić M, Chanclón B, Palsdottir V, Pillon NJ, Benrick A, Wernstedt Asterholm I. Adiponectin stimulates Sca1 +CD34 --adipocyte precursor cells associated with hyperplastic expansion and beiging of brown and white adipose tissue. Metabolism 2024; 151:155716. [PMID: 37918793 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipocyte hormone adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity and there is an inverse correlation between adiponectin levels and type-2 diabetes risk. Previous research shows that adiponectin remodels the adipose tissue into a more efficient metabolic sink. For instance, mice that overexpress adiponectin show increased capacity for hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion as evident from smaller and metabolically more active white adipocytes. In contrast, the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of these mice looks "whiter" possibly indicating reduced metabolic activity. Here, we aimed to further establish the effect of adiponectin on adipose tissue expansion and adipocyte mitochondrial function as well as to unravel mechanistic aspects in this area. METHODS Brown and white adipose tissues from adiponectin overexpressing (APN tg) mice and littermate wildtype controls, housed at room and cold temperature, were studied by histological, gene/protein expression and flow cytometry analyses. Metabolic and mitochondrial functions were studied by radiotracers and Seahorse-based technology. In addition, mitochondrial function was assessed in cultured adiponectin deficient adipocytes from APN knockout and heterozygote mice. RESULTS APN tg BAT displayed increased proliferation prenatally leading to enlarged BAT. Postnatally, APN tg BAT turned whiter than control BAT, confirming previous reports. Furthermore, elevated adiponectin augmented the sympathetic innervation/activation within adipose tissue. APN tg BAT displayed reduced metabolic activity and reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In contrast, APN tg inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) displayed enhanced metabolic activity. These metabolic differences between genotypes were apparent also in cultured adipocytes differentiated from BAT and IWAT stroma vascular fraction, and the OCR was reduced in both brown and white APN heterozygote adipocytes. In both APN tg BAT and IWAT, the mesenchymal stem cell-related genes were upregulated along with an increased abundance of Lineage-Sca1+CD34- "beige-like" adipocyte precursor cells. In vitro, the adiponectin receptor agonist Adiporon increased the expression of the proliferation marker Pcna and decreased the expression of Cd34 in Sca1+ mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the seemingly opposite effect of adiponectin on BAT and IWAT is mediated by a common mechanism; while reduced adiponectin levels are linked to lower adipocyte OCR, elevated adiponectin levels stimulate expansion of adipocyte precursor cells that produce adipocytes with intrinsically higher metabolic rate than classical white but lower metabolic rate than classical brown adipocytes. Moreover, adiponectin can modify the adipocytes' metabolic activity directly and by enhancing the sympathetic innervation within a fat depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Milica Vujičić
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vilborg Palsdottir
- Unit for Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Benrick
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Unit for Metabolic Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Inoue O, Goten C, Hashimuko D, Yamaguchi K, Takeda Y, Nomura A, Ootsuji H, Takashima S, Iino K, Takemura H, Halurkar M, Lim HW, Hwa V, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Usui S, Takamura M. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies adipose tissue CD271 + progenitors for enhanced angiogenesis in limb ischemia. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101337. [PMID: 38118404 PMCID: PMC10772587 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis using mesenchymal stem/stromal cell grafts have shown modest and controversial effects in preventing amputation for patients with critical limb ischemia. Through single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human tissues, we identify CD271+ progenitors specifically from subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) as having the most prominent pro-angiogenic gene profile distinct from other stem cell populations. AT-CD271+ progenitors demonstrate robust in vivo angiogenic capacity over conventional adipose stromal cell grafts, characterized by long-term engraftment, augmented tissue regeneration, and significant recovery of blood flow in a xenograft model of limb ischemia. Mechanistically, the angiogenic capacity of CD271+ progenitors is dependent on functional CD271 and mTOR signaling. Notably, the number and angiogenic capacity of CD271+ progenitors are strikingly reduced in insulin-resistant donors. Our study highlights the identification of AT-CD271+ progenitors with in vivo superior efficacy for limb ischemia. Furthermore, we showcase comprehensive single-cell transcriptomics strategies for identification of suitable grafts for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oto Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chiaki Goten
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daiki Hashimuko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kosei Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ayano Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ootsuji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Takashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Iino
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiovascular and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Takemura
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiovascular and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Manasi Halurkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Premium Research Institute for Human Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Soichiro Usui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Takamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
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3
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Dewal RS, Wolfrum C. Master of disguise: deconvoluting adipose tissue heterogeneity and its impact on metabolic health. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 81:102085. [PMID: 37421902 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue in its different forms: white, brown, and beige, while essential in day-to-day bodily functions, leads to several disorders when present in overabundance, including obesity and type-2 diabetes. Adipose tissue function/dysfunction is largely mediated by the diversity of its cell composition, within adipocytes and cells in its stromal fraction. Owing to its heterogeneous nature, recent studies have focused on intercalating the effects of cellular diversity with adipose tissue function, particularly by employing sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in utilizing single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing technologies to discover novel adipose tissue cell types or subtypes, and to determine their role in mediating tissue, as well as whole-body metabolism and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revati S Dewal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland. https://twitter.com/@revadewa3
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutritional Biology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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4
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Liu SQ, Chen DY, Li B, Gao ZJ, Feng HF, Yu X, Liu Z, Wang Y, Li WG, Sun S, Sun SR, Wu Q. Single-cell analysis of white adipose tissue reveals the tumor-promoting adipocyte subtypes. J Transl Med 2023; 21:470. [PMID: 37454080 PMCID: PMC10349475 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor-adipose microenvironment (TAME) is characterized by the enrichment of adipocytes, and is considered a special ecosystem that supports cancer progression. However, the heterogeneity and diversity of adipocytes in TAME remains poorly understood. METHODS We conducted a single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of adipocytes in mouse and human white adipose tissue (WAT). We analyzed several adipocyte subtypes to evaluate their relationship and potential as prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). The potential drugs are screened by using bioinformatics methods. The tumor-promoting effects of a typical adipocyte subtype in breast cancer are validated by performing in vitro functional assays and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in clinical samples. RESULTS We profiled a comprehensive single-cell atlas of adipocyte in mouse and human WAT and described their characteristics, origins, development, functions and interactions with immune cells. Several cancer-associated adipocyte subtypes, namely DPP4+ adipocytes in visceral adipose and ADIPOQ+ adipocytes in subcutaneous adipose, are identified. We found that high levels of these subtypes are associated with unfavorable outcomes in four typical adipose-associated cancers. Some potential drugs including Trametinib, Selumetinib and Ulixertinib are discovered. Emphatically, knockdown of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and AdipoR2 impaired the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Patients with AdipoR2-high breast cancer display significantly shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) than those with AdipoR2-low breast cancer. CONCLUSION Our results provide a novel understanding of TAME at the single-cell level. Based on our findings, several adipocyte subtypes have negative impact on prognosis. These cancer-associated adipocytes may serve as key prognostic predictor and potential targets for treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qing Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding-Yuan Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jie Gao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Fang Feng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ge Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Artemed Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Emont MP, Rosen ED. Exploring the heterogeneity of white adipose tissue in mouse and man. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2023; 80:102045. [PMID: 37094486 PMCID: PMC10330284 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a heterogeneous organ, comprising cell types, including mature adipocytes, progenitor cells, immune cells, and vascular cells. Here, we discuss the heterogeneity of human and mouse white adipose tissue in general and white adipocytes specifically, focusing on how our understanding of adipocyte subpopulations has expanded with the advent of single nuclear RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. Furthermore, we discuss critical remaining questions regarding how these distinct populations arise, how their functions differ from one another, and which potentially contribute to metabolic pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo P Emont
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA; Harvard Medical School, USA; Broad Institute, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, USA; Harvard Medical School, USA; Broad Institute, USA.
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6
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Willows JW, Gunsch G, Paradie E, Blaszkiewicz M, Tonniges JR, Pino MF, Smith SR, Sparks LM, Townsend KL. Schwann cells contribute to demyelinating diabetic neuropathy and nerve terminal structures in white adipose tissue. iScience 2023; 26:106189. [PMID: 36895649 PMCID: PMC9989657 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy, which can include axonal degeneration and/or demyelination, impacts adipose tissues with obesity, diabetes, and aging. However, the presence of demyelinating neuropathy had not yet been explored in adipose. Both demyelinating neuropathies and axonopathies implicate Schwann cells (SCs), a glial support cell that myelinates axons and contributes to nerve regeneration after injury. We performed a comprehensive assessment of SCs and myelination patterns of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) nerves, and changes across altered energy balance states. We found that mouse scWAT contains both myelinated and unmyelinated nerves and is populated by SCs, including SCs that were associated with synaptic vesicle-containing nerve terminals. BTBR ob/ob mice, a model of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, exhibited small fiber demyelinating neuropathy and alterations in SC marker gene expression in adipose that were similar to obese human adipose. These data indicate that adipose SCs regulate the plasticity of tissue nerves and become dysregulated in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake W Willows
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gilian Gunsch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emma Paradie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R Tonniges
- Campus Microscopy and Imaging Facility, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria F Pino
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Steven R Smith
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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7
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Inoue O, Goten C, Hashimuko D, Yamaguchi K, Takeda Y, Nomura A, Ootsuji H, Takashima S, Iino K, Takemura H, Halurkar M, Lim HW, Hwa V, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Usui S, Takamura M. Single cell transcriptomics identifies adipose tissue CD271+ progenitors for enhanced angiogenesis in limb ischemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.09.527726. [PMID: 36865239 PMCID: PMC9980009 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.527726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis using mesenchymal stem/stromal cell grafts have shown modest and controversial effects in preventing amputation for patients with critical limb ischemia. Through single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human tissues, we identified CD271 + progenitors specifically from subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) as having the most prominent pro-angiogenic gene profile distinct from other stem cell populations. AT-CD271 + progenitors demonstrated robust in vivo angiogenic capacity, over conventional adipose stromal cell grafts, characterized by long-term engraftment, augmented tissue regeneration, and significant recovery of blood flow in a xenograft model of limb ischemia. Mechanistically, the angiogenic capacity of CD271 + progenitors is dependent on functional CD271 and mTOR signaling. Notably, the number and angiogenic capacity of CD271 + progenitors was strikingly reduced in insulin resistant donors. Our study highlights the identification of AT-CD271 + progenitors with in vivo superior efficacy for limb ischemia. Furthermore, we showcase comprehensive single-cell transcriptomics strategies for identification of suitable grafts for cell therapy. HIGHLIGHTS Adipose tissue stromal cells have a distinct angiogenic gene profile among human cell sources. CD271 + progenitors in adipose tissue have a prominent angiogenic gene profile. CD271 + progenitors show superior therapeutic capacities for limb ischemia. CD271 + progenitors are reduced and functionally impaired in insulin resistant donors. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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8
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Cai Z, He B. Adipose tissue aging: An update on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Metabolism 2023; 138:155328. [PMID: 36202221 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases. Adipose tissue plays central roles in the maintenance of whole-body metabolism homeostasis and has recently attracted significant attention as a biological driver of aging and age-related diseases. Here, we review the most recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying age-related decline in adipose tissue function. In particular, we focus on the complex inter-relationship between metabolism, immune, and sympathetic nervous system within adipose tissue during aging. Moreover, we discuss the rejuvenation strategies to delay aging and extend lifespan, including senescent cell ablation (senolytics), dietary intervention, physical exercise, and heterochronic parabiosis. Understanding the pathological mechanisms that underlie adipose tissue aging will be critical for the development of new intervention strategies to slow or reverse aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Cai
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ben He
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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9
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Burl RB, Rondini EA, Wei H, Pique-Regi R, Granneman JG. Deconstructing cold-induced brown adipocyte neogenesis in mice. eLife 2022; 11:e80167. [PMID: 35848799 PMCID: PMC9348851 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure triggers neogenesis in classic interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) that involves activation of β1-adrenergic receptors, proliferation of PDGFRA+ adipose tissue stromal cells (ASCs), and recruitment of immune cells whose phenotypes are presently unknown. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) in mice identified three ASC subpopulations that occupied distinct tissue locations. Of these, interstitial ASC1 were found to be direct precursors of new brown adipocytes (BAs). Surprisingly, knockout of β1-adrenergic receptors in ASCs did not prevent cold-induced neogenesis, whereas pharmacological activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor on BAs was sufficient, suggesting that signals derived from mature BAs indirectly trigger ASC proliferation and differentiation. In this regard, cold exposure induced the delayed appearance of multiple macrophage and dendritic cell populations whose recruitment strongly correlated with the onset and magnitude of neogenesis across diverse experimental conditions. High-resolution immunofluorescence and single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that cold-induced neogenesis involves dynamic interactions between ASC1 and recruited immune cells that occur on the micrometer scale in distinct tissue regions. Our results indicate that neogenesis is not a reflexive response of progenitors to β-adrenergic signaling, but rather is a complex adaptive response to elevated metabolic demand within brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayanne B Burl
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Ann Rondini
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
| | - Hongguang Wei
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State UniversityDetroitUnited States
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10
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Son Y, Choi C, Saha A, Park JH, Im H, Cho YK, Seong JK, Burl RB, Rondini EA, Granneman JG, Lee YH. REEP6 knockout leads to defective β-adrenergic signaling in adipocytes and promotes obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. Metabolism 2022; 130:155159. [PMID: 35150731 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mobilization and catabolism of lipid energy is a central function of adipocytes that is under the control of the β-adrenergic signaling pathway, and defects in β-adrenergic signaling in adipocytes have been linked to obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Receptor expression-enhancing proteins (REEPs) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins that play critical roles in subcellular targeting of receptor signaling complexes. Examination of gene expression profiles indicates that, among REEPs expressed in adipocytes, REEP6 expression is uniquely upregulated by sympathetic nervous system activation, suggesting involvement in regulating adrenergic signal transduction. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of REEP6 to the thermogenic activation of adipocytes and characterize the metabolic consequences of REEP6 deficiency in vivo. METHODS Expression levels of Reep6 in adipose tissue were examined by using public transcriptomic data and validated by Western blot and qPCR analyses. Adipocyte-specific regulatory roles of REEP6 were investigated in vitro in C3H10T1/2 adipocytes and in primary adipocytes obtained from REEP6 KO mice. Effects of in vivo REEP6 deficiency on energy expenditure were measured by indirect calorimetry. Mitochondrial content in adipose tissue was accessed by immunoblot, mitochondrial DNA analysis, and confocal and electron microscopy. Effects of REEP6 KO on obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction were tested in a high-fat diet-induced obesity mouse model by glucose tolerance test, Western blot, and histological analyses. RESULTS REEP6 expression is highly enriched in murine adipocytes and is sharply upregulated upon adipocyte differentiation and by cold exposure. Inactivation of REEP6 in mice increased adiposity, and reduced energy expenditure and cold tolerance. REEP6 KO severely reduced protein kinase A-mediated signaling in BAT and greatly reduced mitochondrial mass. The effect of REEP6 inactivation on diminished β-adrenergic signaling was reproduced in cultured adipocytes, indicating that this effect is cell-autonomous. REEP6 KO also suppressed expression of adenylate cyclase 3 (Adcy3) in brown adipose tissue and knockdown of REEP6 in adipocytes reduced targeting of ADCY3 to the plasma membrane. Lastly, REEP6 KO exacerbated high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that REEP6 plays an important role in β-adrenergic signal transduction in adipocytes involving the expression and trafficking of Adcy3. Genetic inactivation of REEP6 reduces energy expenditure, increases adiposity, and the susceptibility to obesity-related metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonho Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheoljun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhirup Saha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeong Im
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), and Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rayanne B Burl
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, and Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Rondini
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, and Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, and Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Duerre DJ, Galmozzi A. Deconstructing Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity One Cell at a Time. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:847291. [PMID: 35399946 PMCID: PMC8990929 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.847291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a central coordinator of physiologic metabolism, adipose tissue has long been appreciated as a highly plastic organ that dynamically responds to environmental cues. Once thought of as a homogenous storage depot, recent advances have enabled deep characterizations of the underlying structure and composition of adipose tissue depots. As the obesity and metabolic disease epidemics continue to accelerate due to modern lifestyles and an aging population, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms that control adipose and systemic homeostasis are of critical importance. Within the past decade, the emergence of deep cell profiling at tissue- and, recently, single-cell level has furthered our understanding of the complex dynamics that contribute to tissue function and their implications in disease development. Although many paradigm-shifting findings may lie ahead, profound advances have been made to forward our understanding of the adipose tissue niche in both health and disease. Now widely accepted as a highly heterogenous organ with major roles in metabolic homeostasis, endocrine signaling, and immune function, the study of adipose tissue dynamics has reached a new frontier. In this review, we will provide a synthesis of the latest advances in adipose tissue biology made possible by the use of single-cell technologies, the impact of epigenetic mechanisms on adipose function, and suggest what next steps will further our understanding of the role that adipose tissue plays in systemic physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Duerre
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrea Galmozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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