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Long Y, Mao C, Liu S, Tao Y, Xiao D. Epigenetic modifications in obesity-associated diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e496. [PMID: 38405061 PMCID: PMC10893559 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity has reached epidemic levels, significantly elevating the susceptibility to various cardiometabolic conditions and certain types of cancer. In addition to causing metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance (IR), elevated blood glucose and lipids, and ectopic fat deposition, obesity can also damage pancreatic islet cells, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes through chronic inflammation, and even promote the development of a microenvironment conducive to cancer initiation. Improper dietary habits and lack of physical exercise are important behavioral factors that increase the risk of obesity, which can affect gene expression through epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic alterations can occur in early stage of obesity, some of which are reversible, while others persist over time and lead to obesity-related complications. Therefore, the dynamic adjustability of epigenetic modifications can be leveraged to reverse the development of obesity-associated diseases through behavioral interventions, drugs, and bariatric surgery. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the impact of epigenetic regulation on the initiation and development of obesity-associated cancers, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, establishing a theoretical basis for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Long
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, Department of Thoracic SurgerySecond Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. Iron: The silent culprit in your adipose tissue. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13647. [PMID: 37789591 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Iron plays a vital role in essential biological processes and requires precise regulation within the body. Dysregulation of iron homeostasis, characterized by increased serum ferritin levels and excessive accumulation of iron in the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle, is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Notably, iron excess in adipose tissue promotes adipose tissue dysfunction. As optimal adipose tissue function is crucial for maintaining a healthy phenotype in obesity, a comprehensive understanding of iron homeostasis in adipose tissue is imperative for designing new therapeutic approaches to improve and prevent adipose tissue dysfunction. Here, we conducted a review of relevant studies, focusing on and providing valuable insights into the intricate interplay between iron and adipose tissue. It sheds light on the impact of iron on adipogenesis and the physiology of both white and brown adipose tissue. Furthermore, we highlight the critical role of key modulators, such as cytosolic aconitase, mitochondria, and macrophages, in maintaining iron homeostasis within adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Girona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Sharma S, Bhonde R. Applicability of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as a cell-free miRNA therapy and epigenetic modifiers for diabetes. Epigenomics 2023; 15:1323-1336. [PMID: 38018455 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that exosome nanovesicles constitute various growth factors, miRNAs and lncRNAs, they have implications for epigenetic modifications. Few studies have shown that exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit therapeutic effects on diabetic complications by substituting miRNAs and regulating histone modifications. Therefore, reversing epigenetic aberrations in diabetes may provide new insight into its treatment. This review discusses the impact of DNA and histone methylations on the development of diabetes and its complications. Further, we talk about miRNAs dysregulated in diabetic conditions and the possibility of utilizing mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes for the development of miRNA cell-free therapy and epigenetic modifiers in reversing diabetic-induced epigenetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Sharma
- Institute For Stem Cell Science & Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Dr D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, 411018, India
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Kovac L, Speckmann T, Jähnert M, Gottmann P, Fritsche L, Häring HU, Birkenfeld AL, Fritsche A, Schürmann A, Ouni M. Identification of MicroRNAs Associated with Prediabetic Status in Obese Women. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15673. [PMID: 37958657 PMCID: PMC10648886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) recently emerged as means of communication between insulin-sensitive tissues to mediate diabetes development and progression, and as such they present a valuable proxy for epigenetic alterations associated with type 2 diabetes. In order to identify miRNA markers for the precursor of diabetes called prediabetes, we applied a translational approach encompassing analysis of human plasma samples, mouse tissues and an in vitro validation system. MiR-652-3p, miR-877-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-152-3p and let-7i-5p were increased in plasma of women with impaired fasting glucose levels (IFG) compared to those with normal fasting glucose and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Among these, let-7i-5p and miR-93-5p correlated with fasting blood glucose levels. Human data were then compared to miRNome data obtained from islets of Langerhans and adipose tissue of 10-week-old female New Zealand Obese mice, which differ in their degree of hyperglycemia and liver fat content. Similar to human plasma, let-7i-5p was increased in adipose tissue and islets of Langerhans of diabetes-prone mice. As predicted by the in silico analysis, overexpression of let-7i-5p in the rat β-cell line INS-1 832/12 resulted in downregulation of insulin signaling pathway components (Insr, Rictor, Prkcb, Clock, Sos1 and Kcnma1). Taken together, our integrated approach highlighted let-7i-5p as a potential regulator of whole-body insulin sensitivity and a novel marker of prediabetes in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona Kovac
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (L.K.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (M.O.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.F.); (H.-U.H.); (A.L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (L.K.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (M.O.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.F.); (H.-U.H.); (A.L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (L.K.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (M.O.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.F.); (H.-U.H.); (A.L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (L.K.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (M.O.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.F.); (H.-U.H.); (A.L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Louise Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.F.); (H.-U.H.); (A.L.B.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.F.); (H.-U.H.); (A.L.B.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.F.); (H.-U.H.); (A.L.B.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.F.); (H.-U.H.); (A.L.B.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (L.K.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (M.O.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.F.); (H.-U.H.); (A.L.B.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Meriem Ouni
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (L.K.); (M.J.); (P.G.); (M.O.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (L.F.); (H.-U.H.); (A.L.B.); (A.F.)
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