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Boyle AJ, Cai Z, O'Brien S, Crick J, Angers S, Reilly RM. Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) of [ 64Cu]Cu and [ 177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F (ab') 2 radioimmunotherapeutic agents vs. γ-radiation for decreasing the clonogenic survival in vitro of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 122-123:108367. [PMID: 37506639 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our objective was to compare [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 and [177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 radioimmunotherapy (RIT) agents for decreasing the clonogenic survival fraction (SF) in vitro of EGFR-positive human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines and estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) vs. γ-radiation (XRT). METHODS EGFR-positive PDAC cell lines (AsPC-1, PANC-1, MIAPaCa-2, Capan-1) and EGFR-knockout PANC-1 EGFR KO cells were treated in vitro for 18 h with (0-19.65 MBq; 72 nmols/L) of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 or [177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 or XRT (0-8 Gy) followed by clonogenic assay. The SF was determined after culturing single treated cells for 14 d. Cell fractionation studies were performed for cells incubated with 1 MBq (72 nmols/L) of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 or [177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 for 1, 4, or 24 h to estimate the time-integrated activity (Ã) on the cell surface, cytoplasm, nucleus and medium. Radiation absorbed doses in the nucleus were calculated by multiplying à by S-factors calculated by Monte Carlo N Particle (MCNP) modeling using monolayer cell culture geometry. The SF of PDAC cells was plotted vs. dose and fitted to a linear quadratic model to estimate the dose required to decrease the SF to 0.1 (D10). The D10 for RIT agents were compared to XRT to estimate the RBE. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) caused by [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 or [177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 continuous exposure for 5 h or 20 h were probed by immunofluorescence for γ-H2AX. Relative EGFR expression of PDAC cells was assessed by flow cytometry (scored + to +++) and cell doubling times for untreated cells were determined. RESULTS The D10 for [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 ranged from 9.1 Gy (PANC-1) to 39.9 Gy (Capan-1). The D10 for [177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 ranged from 11.7 Gy (AsPC-1) to 170.8 Gy (Capan-1). The D10 for XRT ranged from 2.5 Gy (Capan-1) to 6.7 Gy (PANC-1 EGFR KO). D10 values were not correlated with EGFR expression over a relatively narrow range (++ to +++) or with cell doubling times. Based on D10 values, PANC-1 EGFR KO cells were 1.6-fold less sensitive than PANC-1 cells to [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 and 1.9-fold less sensitive to [177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2. The RBE for [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 ranged from 0.06 for Capan-1 cells to 0.45 for PANC-1 cells. The RBE for [177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 ranged from 0.015 for Capan-1 cells to 0.28 for AsPC-1 cells. DNA DSBs were detected in PDAC cells exposed to [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 or [177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 but were not correlated with the SF of the cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that at the same dose delivered to the cell nucleus [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 and [177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 were less radiobiologically effective than XRT for decreasing the SF of human PDAC cells, but [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 was more cytotoxic than [177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2 except for AsPC-1 cells which were more sensitive to [177Lu]Lu-NOTA-panitumumab F(ab')2. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE This study demonstrates that higher radiation doses may be required for RIT than XRT to achieve radiobiologically equivalent effects when used to treat PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Boyle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Zhongli Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Siobhan O'Brien
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Raymond M Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1W7, Canada.
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Fan L, Zhu X, Liu X, He F, Yang G, Xu C, Yang X. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of 3,n-Fused Tricyclic Indole Skeletons via Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reactions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041647. [PMID: 36838635 PMCID: PMC9964631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
3,n-fused (n = 4-7) tricyclic indoles are pervasive motifs, embedded in a variety of biologically active molecules and natural products. Thus, numerous catalytic methods have been developed for the synthesis of these skeletons over the past few decades. In particular, palladium-catalyzed transformations have received much attention in recent years. This review summarizes recent developments in the synthesis of these tricyclic indoles with palladium-catalyzed domino reactions and their applications in the total synthesis of representative natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxin Fan
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (C.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fangyu He
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guoyu Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Cuilian Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (C.X.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xifa Yang
- Institute of Pesticide, School of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Correspondence: (L.F.); (C.X.); (X.Y.)
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Zhao Y, Zhou K, Xia X, Guo Y, Tao L. Chk1 inhibition-induced BRCAness synergizes with olaparib in p53-deficient cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:200-212. [PMID: 35959961 PMCID: PMC9815235 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although targeting DNA-damage repair by inhibition of PARP exhibits weak or modest single-agent activity due to the existence of functional BRCA1/2 alleles, PARP inhibitors have been gradually applicable in BRCA-proficient cancers. Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibition selectively disrupts homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair and confers synthetic lethality in p53-deficient tumors, we therefore aim at expounding the chemopotentiating effects of Chk1 inhibition on PARPi in BRCA-proficient and p53-deficient cancer cells. Initially, BRCA wild-type, p53-null cells including AsPC-1 and H1299 demonstrated innate resistance to PARP inhibitor olaparib compared to BRCA1-mutant, p53-null MDA-MB-436 cells. We quantified the interaction between olaparib and a selective Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776, which produced synergistic effects under sub-IC50 concentrations in p53-depleted AsPC-1 and H1299 cells. Olaparib in combination with MK-8776 showed enhanced antitumor effects through prohibiting proliferation and secondarily inducing apoptosis in two cell lines. Of note, we observed that MK-8776 significantly sensitized cells to olaparib by broad DNA and chromosomal breaks. Mechanistically, MK-8776 abrogated olaparib-induced BRCA1 intranuclear foci formation, MCM7-mediated replication machineries, and ultimately triggered an accumulation of γH2AX, a well-recognized marker of DNA double-strand breaks. Additionally, we established ectopic expression of hotspot mutant p53 in H1299 cells. Introduction of p53R175 H promoted olaparib resistance as single-agent treatment, but the synergy between olaparib and MK-8776 was still achievable and the region of synergy was produced by lower combination concentrations. These data provide insight into how Chk1 inhibition could be effectively targeted and confer sensitivity to olaparib toward p53-deficient and HR-proficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Medicine, Linfen Vocational and Technical College, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | - Kehui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Toxic Pathogens-Based Therapeutic Approaches of Gastric Cancer, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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The Breast Cancer Protooncogenes HER2, BRCA1 and BRCA2 and Their Regulation by the iNOS/NOS2 Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061195. [PMID: 35740092 PMCID: PMC9227079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS2) and derived NO in various cancers was reported to exert pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the levels of expression and the tumor types. In humans, the breast cancer level of iNOS was reported to be overexpressed, to exhibit pro-tumorigenic activities, and to be of prognostic significance. Likewise, the expression of the oncogenes HER2, BRCA1, and BRCA2 has been associated with malignancy. The interrelationship between the expression of these protooncogenes and oncogenes and the expression of iNOS is not clear. We have hypothesized that there exist cross-talk signaling pathways between the breast cancer protooncogenes, the iNOS axis, and iNOS-mediated NO mutations of these protooncogenes into oncogenes. We review the molecular regulation of the expression of the protooncogenes in breast cancer and their interrelationships with iNOS expression and activities. In addition, we discuss the roles of iNOS, HER2, BRCA1/2, and NO metabolism in the pathophysiology of cancer stem cells. Bioinformatic analyses have been performed and have found suggested molecular alterations responsible for breast cancer aggressiveness. These include the association of BRCA1/2 mutations and HER2 amplifications with the dysregulation of the NOS pathway. We propose that future studies should be undertaken to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the expression of iNOS and various breast cancer oncogenes, with the aim of identifying new therapeutic targets for the treatment of breast cancers that are refractory to current treatments.
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Zhang J, Wei Z, Zhang Z. Correlation of Poly (adenosine diphosphate[ADP]-ribose) Polymerase Expression and Prognosis in Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2022; 51:102344. [PMID: 35218983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2022.102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This meta-analysis evaluated the correlation between poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression and prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. METHODS Eligible studies were extracted from the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE until 1 August 2019. The included studies investigated the correlation between PARP expression and clinical outcomes in patients with ovarian cancer. Clinical outcomes are overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). The clinical data of patients, such as clinicopathologic characteristics and survival, were analyzed. The language was limited to English, and studies conducted at the cellular level, animal studies, and non-original research were excluded. The odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for this meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 9 eligible studies involving 1230 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Based on the analysis, higher PARP expression was correlated with worse overall survival [OS] (HR,1.64; 95% CI, 1.08-2.49; P = 0.020) in the univariate analysis, whereas results from multivariate analysis indicated that PARP overexpression wasn't statistically associated with worse OS (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.98-1.90; P = 0.069). Moreover, the pooled results revealed that patients with PARP overexpression were not associated with worse histologic grade (OR,2.22; 95% CI, 0.98-5.02; P = 0.06). CONCLUSION PARP overexpression maybe associated with poor prognosis and survival in patients with ovarian cancer. The patients with PARP over expression were not tended to have a worse histologic grade. Findings require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- Oncology Department, People's Hospital of LongHua, ShenZhen, Guang Dong, 518109, China.
| | - Zhigong Wei
- Oncology Department, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhifu Zhang
- Blood Department, People's Hospital of LongHua, ShenZhen, GuangDong, 518109, China
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Cheng X, Zhang B, Guo F, Wu H, Jin X. Deubiquitination of FBP1 by USP7 blocks FBP1-DNMT1 interaction and decreases the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1591-1607. [PMID: 34854226 PMCID: PMC8978517 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly[ADP‐ribose] polymerase (PARP) inhibitors can block DNA single‐strand damage repair and subsequently increase double‐stranded breaks (DSBs) by reducing the activity of the PARP1 protease and by preventing the PARP1 protein from dissociating from chromatin. Tumors with the BRCA mutation are particularly sensitive to PARP inhibitors. So far, PARP inhibitors (Olaparib) have been used to treat pancreatic cancer patients with BRCA mutation. However, these patients are prone to PARP inhibitor resistance. Our previous studies suggest that fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) is responsible for the sensitivity to various anticancer agents, such as gemcitabine or mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors. In this study, we demonstrate that FBP1 regulates the sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. Then, we showed that nuclear FBP1 is responsible for this process by interacting with DNA (cytosine‐5)‐methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and trapping PARP1 in chromatin. Moreover, we revealed that ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase 7 (USP7) binds to and induces the deubiquitination of FBP1, which prevented FBP1 from translocating to the nucleus. Finally, we demonstrated that USP7 inhibitors enhanced the antitumor effect of PARP inhibitors in an FBP1‐dependent manner. Collectively, our results identify a novel USP7–FBP1–DNMT1 signaling axis in pancreatic cancer, which might indicate that USP7 inhibitors and PARP inhibitors might have more powerful antitumor effects than PARP inhibitors alone in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cancer center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Stoof J, Harrold E, Mariottino S, Lowery MA, Walsh N. DNA Damage Repair Deficiency in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Preclinical Models and Clinical Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749490. [PMID: 34712667 PMCID: PMC8546202 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide, and survival rates have barely improved in decades. In the era of precision medicine, treatment strategies tailored to disease mutations have revolutionized cancer therapy. Next generation sequencing has found that up to a third of all PDAC tumors contain deleterious mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, highlighting the importance of these genes in PDAC. The mechanisms by which DDR gene mutations promote tumorigenesis, therapeutic response, and subsequent resistance are still not fully understood. Therefore, an opportunity exists to elucidate these processes and to uncover relevant therapeutic drug combinations and strategies to target DDR deficiency in PDAC. However, a constraint to preclinical research is due to limitations in appropriate laboratory experimental models. Models that effectively recapitulate their original cancer tend to provide high levels of predictivity and effective translation of preclinical findings to the clinic. In this review, we outline the occurrence and role of DDR deficiency in PDAC and provide an overview of clinical trials that target these pathways and the preclinical models such as 2D cell lines, 3D organoids and mouse models [genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM), and patient-derived xenograft (PDX)] used in PDAC DDR deficiency research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojanneke Stoof
- Trinity St. James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emily Harrold
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Mater Private Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Mariottino
- Trinity St. James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve A Lowery
- Trinity St. James Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Naomi Walsh
- National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Waissi W, Amé JC, Mura C, Noël G, Burckel H. Gemcitabine-Based Chemoradiotherapy Enhanced by a PARP Inhibitor in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6825. [PMID: 34201963 PMCID: PMC8269291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease with a 5-year overall survival of 9% for all stages. Gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer is highly toxic. We conducted an in vitro study to determine whether poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibition radiosensitized gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Human pancreatic cancer cell lines, MIA PaCa-2, AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and PANC-1 were treated with gemcitabine (10 nM) and/or olaparib (1 µM). Low-LET gamma single dose of 2, 5 and 10 Gy radiations were carried out. Clonogenic assay, PAR immunoblotting, cell cycle distribution, γH2Ax, necrotic and autophagic cell death quantifications were performed. Treatment with olaparib alone was not cytotoxic, but highly radiosensitized cell lines, particularly at high dose per fraction A non-cytotoxic concentration of gemcitabine radiosensitized cells, but less than olaparib. Interestingly, olaparib significantly enhanced gemcitabine-based radiosensitization in PDAC cell lines with synergistic effect in BxPC-3 cell line. All cell lines were radiosensitized by the combination of gemcitabine and olaparib, through an increase of unrepaired double-strand, a G2 phase block and cell death. Radiosensitization was increased with high dose of radiation. The combination of olaparib with gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy could lead to an enhancement of local control in vivo and an improvement in disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waisse Waissi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Leon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Jean-Christophe Amé
- Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and Genome Integrity, Laboratoire d’Excellence Medalis, UMR7242, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique/Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Recherche de l’Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 bld. S. Brant, CS10413, 67412 Illkirch, France;
| | - Carole Mura
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg University, UNICANCER, Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Radiobiology Laboratory, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Georges Noël
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), UNICANCER, Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, 17 Rue Albert Calmette, 67200 Strasbourg, France;
- Strasbourg University, CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Burckel
- Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg University, UNICANCER, Paul Strauss Comprehensive Cancer Center, Radiobiology Laboratory, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
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He C, Sun S, Zhang Y, Xie F, Li S. The role of irreversible electroporation in promoting M1 macrophage polarization via regulating the HMGB1-RAGE-MAPK axis in pancreatic cancer. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1897295. [PMID: 33763295 PMCID: PMC7954423 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1897295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an effective method for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). It remains unclear whether IRE can induce a specific immune response by stimulating macrophages. Here, the associated markers of macrophages were analyzed after exposure to tumor culture supernatant (TSN) of tumor cells treated with electroporation. Subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC models were also used to evaluate the effect of macrophage polarization induced by IRE. Aside from its direct killing effect, IRE could induce the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells by increasing the synthesis and secretion of damage associated molecular patterns. Moreover, IRE could increase the release of HMGB1, which activates the MAPK-p38 pathway and leads to the increased expression of M1 markers in macrophages, through binding to the receptor of the advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) receptor. M1 polarization was inhibited by the inhibitors of HMGB1 release, the RAGE receptor, and the MAPK-p38 signaling pathway, but it was activated by rHMGB1 or the stimulator of MAPK-p38. In addition, the promotion of M1 macrophage polarization was enhanced by the positive-feedback release or expression of HMGB1 and RAGE through the MAPK-ERK pathway in macrophages. The promotion of M1 macrophage polarization induced by IRE provided a specific rationale for the combination of IRE and immune therapy in treating PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin He
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Sun
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Fengxiao Xie
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shengping Li
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Yadav S, Kasi PM, Bamlet WR, Ho TP, Polley EC, Hu C, Hart SN, Rabe KG, Boddicker NJ, Gnanaolivu RD, Lee KY, Lindstrom TH, Petersen GM, Couch FJ, McWilliams RR. Effect of Germline Mutations in Homologous Recombination Repair Genes on Overall Survival of Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6505-6512. [PMID: 33028596 PMCID: PMC9063708 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) of germline mutation carriers in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes and noncarriers with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Germline DNA from 3,078 patients with PDAC enrolled in a prospective registry at Mayo Clinic between 2000 and 2017 was analyzed for mutations in 37 cancer predisposition genes. Characteristics and OS of patients with mutations in eight genes (ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PALB2, RAD51C, and RAD51D) involved in HRR were compared with patients testing negative for mutations in all 37 genes. RESULTS The 175 HRR mutation carriers and 2,730 noncarriers in the study had a median duration of follow-up of 9.9 years. HRR mutation carriers were younger (median age at diagnosis: 63 vs. 66 years, P < 0.001) and more likely to have metastatic disease at diagnosis (46% vs. 36%, P = 0.004). In a multivariable model adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, and tumor staging, patients with germline HRR mutations had a significantly longer OS compared with noncarriers [HR, 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70-0.97; P = 0.02]. Further gene-level analysis demonstrated that germline ATM mutation carriers had longer OS compared with patients without germline mutations in any of the 37 genes (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.94; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that germline mutation carrier status in PDAC is associated with longer OS compared with noncarriers. Further research into tumor biology and response to platinum-based chemotherapy in germline mutation carriers with PDAC are needed to better understand the association with longer OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pashtoon M Kasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - William R Bamlet
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thanh P Ho
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric C Polley
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Steven N Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kari G Rabe
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Rohan D Gnanaolivu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kun Y Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tricia H Lindstrom
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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11
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Complete Response of Synchronous Liver Metastasis in a Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, When Surgery Could Represent a Therapeutic Option. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 2020:8679751. [PMID: 33102398 PMCID: PMC7569435 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8679751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by poor prognosis and short survival. Today, the use of new polytherapeutic regimens increases clinical outcome of these patients opening new clinical scenario. A crucial issue related to the actual improvement achieved with these new regimens is represented by the occasional possibility to observe a radiological complete response of metastatic lesions in patients with synchronous primary tumor. What could be the best therapeutic management of these patients? Could surgery represent an indication? Herein, we reported a case of a patient with PDAC of the head with multiple liver metastases, who underwent first-line chemotherapy with mFOLFIRINOX. After 10 cycles, he achieved a complete radiological response of liver metastases and a partial response of pancreatic lesion. A duodenocephalopancreasectomy was performed. Due to liver a lung metastases after 8 months from surgery, a second-line therapy was started with a disease-free survival and overall survival of 8 months and 45 months, respectively. Improvement in the molecular characterization of PDAC could help in the selection of patients suitable for multimodal treatments. This trial is registered with NCT02892305 and NCT00855634.
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12
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Yang B, Zhang B, Cao Z, Xu X, Huo Z, Zhang P, Xiang S, Zhao Z, Lv C, Meng M, Zhang G, Dong L, Shi S, Yang L, Zhou Q. The lipogenic LXR-SREBF1 signaling pathway controls cancer cell DNA repair and apoptosis and is a vulnerable point of malignant tumors for cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2433-2450. [PMID: 32144382 PMCID: PMC7370224 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are defective in DNA repair, so they experience increased DNA strand breaks, genome instability, gene mutagenesis, and tumorigenicity; however, multiple classic DNA repair genes and pathways are strongly activated in malignant tumor cells to compensate for the DNA repair deficiency and gain an apoptosis resistance. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in cancer are unclear. We speculate that a key DNA repair gene or signaling pathway in cancer has not yet been recognized. Here, we show that the lipogenic liver X receptor (LXR)-sterol response element binding factor-1 (SREBF1) axis controls the transcription of a key DNA repair gene polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase (PNKP), thereby governing cancer cell DNA repair and apoptosis. Notably, the PNKP levels were significantly reduced in 95% of human pancreatic cancer (PC) patients, particularly deep reduction for sixfold in all of the advanced-stage PC cases. PNKP is also deficient in three other types of cancer that we examined. In addition, the expression of LXRs and SREBF1 was significantly reduced in the tumor tissues from human PC patients compared with the adjacent normal tissues. The newly identified LXR-SREBF1-PNKP signaling pathway is deficient in PC, and the defect in the pathway contributes to the DNA repair deficiency in the cancer. Strikingly, further diminution of the vulnerable LXR-SREBF1-PNKP signaling pathway using a small molecule triptonide, a new LXR antagonist identified in this investigation, at a concentration of 8 nM robustly activated tumor-suppressor p53 and readily elevated cancer cell DNA strand breaks over an apoptotic threshold, and selectively induced PC cell apoptosis, resulting in almost complete elimination of tumors in xenograft mice without obvious complications. Our findings provide new insight into DNA repair and apoptosis in cancer, and offer a new platform for developing novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213003, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhifei Cao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Xingdong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of China, Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, P. R. China
- The First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, 443000, P. R. China
| | - Zihe Huo
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shufen Xiang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chunping Lv
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mei Meng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Gaochuan Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shucheng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213003, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213003, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
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13
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He C, Huang X, Zhang Y, Lin X, Li S. A Novel Prediction Tool Based on Large Cohorts to Determine the Cancer-Specific Survival Probability of Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer After Irreversible Electroporation Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:952. [PMID: 32695671 PMCID: PMC7339950 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel method which was especially suitable for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). The purpose of this study was to evaluate probabilities of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with LAPC after IRE treatment and to construct nomograms to predict survival for these patients. Data of patients were retrospectively collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and medical records of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC). A total of 312 LAPC patients after IRE treatment were included into this study. The 3-year cumulative incidence of cancer-specific mortality for patients with LAPC after IRE treatment was 74.3%. Nomograms for predicting probabilities of OS, CSS, and non-cancer-specific survival (NCSS) were built and calibrated with the concordance index (C-index) and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The established nomograms were well-calibrated, with C-indexes of 0.782 for OS prediction, 0.729 for CSS prediction, and 0.730 for NCSS prediction. Compared with the TNM stage system, the established nomograms displayed higher values of AUC and showed better discriminatory power for predicting OS, CSS, and NCSS. These nomograms were well-calibrated and could serve to guide management of LAPC patients after IRE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Cheng C, Zuo X, Tu D, Wan B, Zhang Y. Synthesis of 3,4-Fused Tricyclic Indoles through Cascade Carbopalladation and C-H Amination: Development and Total Synthesis of Rucaparib. Org Lett 2020; 22:4985-4989. [PMID: 32610935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Fused tricyclic indole scaffolds are ubiquitous in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. A new protocol for the synthesis of 3,4-fused tricyclic indoles has been developed through cascade carbopalladation and C-H amination with N,N-di-tert-butyldiaziridinone. The protocol allows access to a range of 3,4-fused tricyclic indoles, including those containing various linkers and fused with medium-sized rings. Rucaparib can be synthesized via this reaction, providing an advantageous synthetic method for the FDA-approved cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Cheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang Zuo
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dongdong Tu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Wan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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15
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Effect of exercise on telomere length and telomere proteins expression in mdx mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 470:189-197. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Buckley AM, Lynam-Lennon N, O'Neill H, O'Sullivan J. Targeting hallmarks of cancer to enhance radiosensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 17:298-313. [PMID: 32005946 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is used in the treatment of approximately 50% of all malignancies including gastrointestinal cancers. Radiation can be given prior to surgery (neoadjuvant radiotherapy) to shrink the tumour or after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Radiotherapy aims to maximize damage to cancer cells, while minimizing damage to healthy cells. However, only 10-30% of patients with rectal cancer or oesophageal cancer have a pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy, with the rest suffering the negative consequences of toxicities and delays to surgery with no clinical benefit. Furthermore, in pancreatic cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy results in a pathological complete response in only 4% of patients and a partial pathological response in only 31%. Resistance to radiation therapy is polymodal and associated with a number of biological alterations both within the tumour itself and in the surrounding microenvironment including the following: altered cell cycle; repopulation by cancer stem cells; hypoxia; altered management of oxidative stress; evasion of apoptosis; altered DNA damage response and enhanced DNA repair; inflammation; and altered mitochondrial function and cellular energetics. Radiosensitizers are needed to improve treatment response to radiation, which will directly influence patient outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers. This article reviews the literature to identify strategies - including DNA-targeting agents, antimetabolic agents, antiangiogenics and novel immunotherapies - being used to enhance radiosensitivity in gastrointestinal cancers according to the hallmarks of cancer. Evidence from radiosensitizers from in vitro and in vivo models is documented and the action of radiosensitizers through clinical trial data is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Buckley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hazel O'Neill
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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17
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Shimmura H, Kuramochi H, Jibiki N, Katagiri S, Nishino T, Araida T. Dramatic response of FOLFIRINOX regimen in a collision pancreatic adenocarcinoma patient with a germline BRCA2 mutation: a case report. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 49:1049-1054. [PMID: 31612916 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are the most common gene mutations in familial pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Several reports have demonstrated the utility of platinum-based chemotherapy for treating cancer patients who harbour a BRCA mutation. Here we discuss a 47-year-old Japanese female with no relevant past history who presented with epigastralgia and fever in September 2016. A computed tomography scan revealed a low-density, low-enhanced tumour 15 mm in diameter in the head of the pancreas. The pathological diagnosis was a ductal pancreatic carcinoma. A 6 mm low-enhanced metastatic tumour was also detected in segment 4 of the liver. Because she had early onset of the disease and a family history-her mother died of pancreatic adenocarcinoma at age 48-we considered a diagnosis of familial pancreatic adenocarcinoma. She received modified FOLFIRINOX. Two months after starting chemotherapy, she was diagnosed with an invasive ductal carcinoma in the right breast. FOLFIRINOX was continued for 8 cycles (4 months); the primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma shrank and the liver metastatic foci disappeared, but the size of the breast tumour increased. Total right breast excision and sentinel lymph node dissection were performed. FOLFIRINOX was continued and after 12 cycles (6 months), both her pancreatic adenocarcinoma and liver metastasis were no longer visible using imaging. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed and the primary tumour had shrunk to 2.5 mm. Genetic testing revealed a germline BRCA2 mutation. The FOLFIRINOX regimen showed dramatic effects on the collision pancreatic but not on the breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Shimmura
- Department of Internal medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kuramochi
- Department of Chemotherapy, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Norie Jibiki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Katagiri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nishino
- Department of Internal medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Araida
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical Center, Yachiyo, Japan
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18
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Gupta M, Iyer R, Fountzilas C. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in Pancreatic Cancer: A New Treatment Paradigms and Future Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1980. [PMID: 31835379 PMCID: PMC6966572 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy. Most of the patients of PDAC present at later stages of disease and have a five-year survival rate of less than 10%. About 5-10% PDAC cases are hereditary in nature and have DNA damage repair (DDR) mutations such as BRCA 1 and 2. Besides having implications on screening and prevention strategies, these mutations can confer sensitivity to platinum-based therapies and determine eligibility for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). In the presence of DDR mutations and PARPi, the cells are unable to utilize the error-free process of homologous recombination repair, leading to accumulation of double stranded DNA breaks and cell death eventually. Various PARPi are in clinical development in PDAC in different subgroup of patients as monotherapies and in combination with other therapeutics. This review would focus on the mechanism of action of PARPi, history of development in PDAC, resistance mechanisms and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhavi Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Department of Medicine/Division of GI Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Christos Fountzilas
- Department of Medicine/Division of GI Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
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19
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Lafranceschina S, Brunetti O, Delvecchio A, Conticchio M, Ammendola M, Currò G, Piardi T, de'Angelis N, Silvestris N, Memeo R. Systematic Review of Irreversible Electroporation Role in Management of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1718. [PMID: 31684186 PMCID: PMC6896066 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ablative techniques provide in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) symptomatic relief, survival benefit and potential downsizing. Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) represents potentially an ideal solution as no thermal tissue damage occurs. The purpose of this review is to present an overview on safety, feasibility, oncological results, survival and quality of life improvement obtained by IRE. METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, regarding the use of IRE on PC in humans for studies published in English up to March 2019. RESULTS 15 original studies embodying 691 patients with unresectable LAPC who underwent IRE were included. As emerged, IRE works better on tumour sizes between 3-4 cm. Oncological results are promising: median OS from diagnosis or treatment up to 27 months. Two groups investigated borderline resectable tumours treated with IRE before resection with margin attenuation, whereas IRE has proved to be effective in pain control. CONCLUSIONS Electroporation is bringing new hopes in LAPC management. The first aim of IRE is to offer a palliative treatment. Further efforts are needed for patient selection, as well as the use of IRE for 'margin accentuation' during surgical resection. Even if promising, IRE needs to be validated in large, randomized, prospective series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lafranceschina
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bary, 70124 Bary, Italy.
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II 2", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Delvecchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bary, 70124 Bary, Italy.
| | - Maria Conticchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bary, 70124 Bary, Italy.
| | - Michele Ammendola
- Department of Health Science, General Surgery, Magna Graecia University, Medicine School of Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Currò
- Department of Health Science, General Surgery, Magna Graecia University, Medicine School of Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Tullio Piardi
- Department of Surgery, Hôpital Robert Debré, University of Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France.
| | - Nicola de'Angelis
- Department of Digestive and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II 2", 70124 Bari, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Memeo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University "Aldo Moro" of Bary, 70124 Bary, Italy.
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20
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Sun X, Zhang Y, Chu M, Wang L, Shen H, Zhang Z, Hu J, Yi W, Yang W, Ma X. PARP6 acts as an oncogene and positively regulates Survivin in gastric cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2364-2371. [PMID: 31938348 PMCID: PMC6958236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases 6 (PARP6) is a novel member of the PARP family. Previous studies focused mostly on the role of PARP6 in colorectal cancer; however, the role of PARP6 in gastric cancer is currently unclear. In the present study, we found a high-level expression of PARP6 in gastric cancer cells and PARP6 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Moreover, we found a positive correlation exists between PARP6 and Survivin, which contributes to tumor ongoing survival. In sum, our data suggest that PARP6 may contribute to gastric cancer progression by activating the Survivin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Mingliang Chu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Hede Shen
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Zhuxue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Wenxiu Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, China
| | - Xiaobo Ma
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington, DC, USA
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21
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancers arise through a series of genetic events both inherited and acquired. Inherited genetic changes, both high penetrance and low penetrance, are an important component of pancreatic cancer risk, and may be used to characterize populations who will benefit from early detection. Furthermore, pancreatic cancer patients with inherited mutations may be particularly sensitive to certain targeted agents, providing an opportunity to personalized treatment. Family history of pancreatic cancer is one of the strongest risk factors for the disease, and is associated with an increased risk of caners at other sites, including but not limited to breast, ovarian and colorectal cancer. The goal of this chapter is to discuss the importance of family history of pancreatic cancer, and the known genes that account for a portion of the familial clustering of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Pathology, Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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22
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Zanjirband M, Curtin N, Edmondson RJ, Lunec J. Combination treatment with rucaparib (Rubraca) and MDM2 inhibitors, Nutlin-3 and RG7388, has synergistic and dose reduction potential in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69779-69796. [PMID: 29050241 PMCID: PMC5642516 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer worldwide for females and the most lethal of all gynecological malignancies. The treatment of ovarian cancer remains a challenge in spite of advances in debulking surgery and changes in both chemotherapy schedules and routes of administration. Cancer treatment has recently been improving with the introduction of targeted therapies to achieve greater specificity and less cytotoxicity. Both PARP inhibitors and MDM2-p53 binding antagonists are targeted therapeutic agents entered into clinical trials. This preclinical study evaluated the effect of Nutlin-3/RG7388 and rucaparib as single agents and in combination together in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines. Median-drug-effect analysis showed Nutlin-3/RG7388 combination with rucaparib was additive to, or synergistic in a cell type-dependent manner. Mechanism studies showed rucaparib alone had no effect on p53 stabilization or activity. Although treatment with Nutlin-3 or RG7388 induced stabilization of p53 and upregulation of p21WAF1 and MDM2, the addition of rucaparib did not enhance the p53 activation seen with the MDM2 inhibitors alone. These results demonstrate that the synergistic effect on growth inhibition observed in the combination between rucaparib and Nutlin-3/RG7388 is not the result of increased p53 molecular pathway activation. Nevertheless, combined treatment of Nutlin-3/RG7388 with rucaparib increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which was marked for A2780 and IGROV-1. These data indicate that combination treatment with MDM2 inhibitors and rucaparib has synergistic and dose reduction potential for the treatment of ovarian cancer, dependent on cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zanjirband
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Curtin
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Edmondson
- Faculty Institute for Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - John Lunec
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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23
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Lesueur P, Chevalier F, Austry JB, Waissi W, Burckel H, Noël G, Habrand JL, Saintigny Y, Joly F. Poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitors as radiosensitizers: a systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical human studies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69105-69124. [PMID: 28978184 PMCID: PMC5620324 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are becoming important actors of anti-neoplasic agents landscape, with recent but narrow FDA's approvals for ovarian BRCA mutated cancers and prostatic cancer. Nevertheless, PARP inhibitors are also promising drugs for combined treatments particularly with radiotherapy. More than seven PARP inhibitors have been currently developed. Central Role of PARP in DNA repair, makes consider PARP inhibitor as potential radiosensitizers, especially for tumors with DNA repair defects, such as BRCA mutation, because of synthetic lethality. Furthermore the replication-dependent activity of PARP inhibitor helps to maintain the differential effect between tumoral and healthy tissues. Inhibition of chromatin remodeling, G2/M arrest, vasodilatory effect induced by PARP inhibitor, also participate to their radio-sensitization effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, after highlighting mechanisms of PARP inhibitors radiosensitization we methodically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Databases and meeting proceedings for human pre-clinical and clinical studies that evaluated PARP inhibitor radiosensitizing effect. Enhancement ratio, when available, was systematically reported. RESULTS Sixty four studies finally met our selection criteria and were included in the analysis. Only three pre-clinical studies didn't find any radiosensitizing effect. Median enhancement ratio vary from 1,3 for prostate tumors to 1,5 for lung cancers. Nine phase I or II trials assessed safety data. CONCLUSION PARP inhibitors are promising radiosensitizers, but need more clinical investigation. The next ten years will be determining for judging their real potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lesueur
- Laboratoire d'Accueil et de Recherche avec les Ions Accélérés, CEA, CIMAP-GANIL, 14000 Caen, France.,Centre Francois Baclesse Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Radiotherapy Unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - François Chevalier
- Laboratoire d'Accueil et de Recherche avec les Ions Accélérés, CEA, CIMAP-GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Austry
- Laboratoire d'Accueil et de Recherche avec les Ions Accélérés, CEA, CIMAP-GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Waisse Waissi
- EA 3430, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie, Centre Paul Strauss, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Burckel
- EA 3430, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie, Centre Paul Strauss, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Georges Noël
- EA 3430, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie, Centre Paul Strauss, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Louis Habrand
- Centre Francois Baclesse Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Radiotherapy Unit, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Yannick Saintigny
- Laboratoire d'Accueil et de Recherche avec les Ions Accélérés, CEA, CIMAP-GANIL, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Florence Joly
- Centre Francois Baclesse Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer, Clinical Research Unit, 14000 Caen, France
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24
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Hocsak E, Szabo V, Kalman N, Antus C, Cseh A, Sumegi K, Eros K, Hegedus Z, Gallyas F, Sumegi B, Racz B. PARP inhibition protects mitochondria and reduces ROS production via PARP-1-ATF4-MKP-1-MAPK retrograde pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:770-784. [PMID: 28457938 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces DNA breaks and PARP-1 activation which initiates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death through pathways not yet identified. Here, we show the mechanism by which PARP-1 influences these processes via PARylation of activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4) responsible for MAP kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) expression and thereby regulates MAP kinases. PARP inhibitor, or silencing, of PARP induced MKP-1 expression by ATF4-dependent way, and inactivated JNK and p38 MAP kinases. Additionally, it induced ATF4 expression and binding to cAMP-response element (CRE) leading to MKP-1 expression and the inactivation of MAP kinases. In contrast, PARP-1 activation induced the PARylation of ATF4 and reduced its binding to CRE sequence in vitro. CHIP-qPCR analysis showed that PARP inhibitor increased the ATF4 occupancy at the initiation site of MKP-1. In oxidative stress, PARP inhibition reduced ROS-induced cell death, suppressed mitochondrial ROS production and protected mitochondrial membrane potential on an ATF4 and MKP-1 dependent way. Basically identical results were obtained in WRL-68, A-549 and T24/83 human cell lines indicating that the aforementioned mechanism can be universal. Here, we provide the first description of PARP-1-ATF4-MKP-1-JNK/p38 MAPK retrograde pathway, which is responsible for the regulation of mitochondrial integrity, ROS production and cell death in oxidative stress, and may represent a new mechanism of PARP in cancer therapy since cancer stem cells development is JNK-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Hocsak
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary; Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Viktor Szabo
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Kalman
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Csenge Antus
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Anna Cseh
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Sumegi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Eros
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Hegedus
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary; Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary; Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Center, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary; Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Szentagothai Research Center, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Boglarka Racz
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
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25
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Totti S, Vernardis SI, Meira L, Pérez-Mancera PA, Costello E, Greenhalf W, Palmer D, Neoptolemos J, Mantalaris A, Velliou EG. Designing a bio-inspired biomimetic in vitro system for the optimization of ex vivo studies of pancreatic cancer. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:690-701. [PMID: 28153670 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal human malignancies. Drug therapies and radiotherapy are used for treatment as adjuvants to surgery, but outcomes remain disappointing. Advances in tissue engineering suggest that 3D cultures can reflect the in vivo tumor microenvironment and can guarantee a physiological distribution of oxygen, nutrients, and drugs, making them promising low-cost tools for therapy development. Here, we review crucial structural and environmental elements that should be considered for an accurate design of an ex vivo platform for studies of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we propose environmental stress response biomarkers as platform readouts for the efficient control and further prediction of the pancreatic cancer response to the environmental and treatment input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Totti
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Spyros I Vernardis
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Lisiane Meira
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Pedro A Pérez-Mancera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Eithne Costello
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK; NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - John Neoptolemos
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK; NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Eirini G Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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26
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27
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Wang H, Li S, Luo X, Song Z, Long X, Zhu X. Knockdown of PARP6 or survivin promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits cell invasion of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2245-2251. [PMID: 28260087 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal adenocarcinoma is the third most common cancer worldwide. PARP6, a novel member of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and survivin, a member of the family of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins are associated with a poor prognosis in various types of cancers. However, limited evidence exists regarding the interaction between PARP6 and survivin in colorectal adenocarcinoma. In the present study, we used the paired samples of 20 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma to detect the expression of PARP6 and survivin in both tumor and adjacent normal colorectal mucosa. Their interaction and roles in cell viability, cell cycle, cell apoptosis and cell invasion were further investigated. Our results showed that both PARP6 and survivin exhibited higher expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues and SW620 cells when compared with levels in adjacent non-tumor tissues and a normal colon cell line FHC. Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that a significant correlation existed between PARP6 and survivin. We also showed that sole treatment of PARP6 siRNA or survivin siRNA partially inhibited the cell survival and invasion, induced cell G0/G1 arrest, and cell apoptosis at the early and late stages. The combined treatment of PARP6 siRNA and survivin siRNA suppressed the cell survival and cell invasion, further induced cell cycle phase G0/G1 arrest, and cell apoptosis at the early and late stages. Taken together, knockdown of PARP6 or survivin promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits the cell invasion of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. A significant correlation exists between PARP6 and survivin, and both are promising targets for the development of new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of advanced or metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Shengguo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Xishun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Zhike Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Xiangkai Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
| | - Xijia Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Lingui, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi 541100, P.R. China
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28
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Porcelli L, Iacobazzi RM, Quatrale AE, Bergamini C, Denora N, Crupi P, Antonacci D, Mangia A, Simone G, Silvestris N, Azzariti A. Grape seed extracts modify the outcome of oxaliplatin in colon cancer cells by interfering with cellular mechanisms of drug cytotoxicity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:50845-50863. [PMID: 28881609 PMCID: PMC5584210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape seed extracts are commonly utilized as dietary supplements for their antioxidant properties, even from cancer patients. However, whether these natural extracts interfere with chemotherapeutics utilized in colon cancer treatment is still poorly investigated. The cytotoxicity of extracts from Italia and Palieri cultivars either alone or in combination with oxaliplatin was evaluated in colon cancer cells. Grape seed extracts displayed anti-proliferative activity depending on the concentration utilized through apoptosis induction. In combination, they affected the activation of Erk1/2 and counteracted the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, the DNA damage and the generation of ROS induced by oxaliplatin. Noteworthy grape seed extracts strongly enhanced the uptake of oxaliplatin into all cells, by affecting the cell transport system of platinum. The addition of these natural extracts to oxaliplatin strongly reduced the cellular response to oxaliplatin and allowed a huge accumulation of platinum into cells. Here, we shed light on the chemical biology underlying the combination of grape seed extracts and oxaliplatin, demonstrating that they might be detrimental to oxaliplatin effectiveness in colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Porcelli
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Elisa Quatrale
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Bergamini
- CRA-UTV Research Unit for Viticulture and Enology in Southern Italy, Turi, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- CRA-UTV Research Unit for Viticulture and Enology in Southern Italy, Turi, Italy
| | - Donato Antonacci
- CRA-UTV Research Unit for Viticulture and Enology in Southern Italy, Turi, Italy
| | - Anita Mangia
- Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Simone
- Pathological Anatomy, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Experimental Pharmacology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
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29
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Qi G, Kudo Y, Tang B, Liu T, Jin S, Liu J, Zuo X, Mi S, Shao W, Ma X, Tsunematsu T, Ishimaru N, Zeng S, Tatsuka M, Shimamoto F. PARP6 acts as a tumor suppressor via downregulating Survivin expression in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18812-24. [PMID: 26934315 PMCID: PMC4951331 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are enzymes that transfer ADP-ribose groups to target proteins and are involved in a variety of biological processes. PARP6 is a novel member, and our previous findings suggest that PARP6 may act as a tumor suppressor via suppressing cell cycle progression. However, it is still unclear that PARP6 function besides growth suppression in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we examined tumor suppressive roles of PAPR6 in CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. We found that PARP6 inhibited colony formation, invasion and migration as well as cell proliferation. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of PARP6 decreased Survivin expression, which acts as an oncogene and is involved in apoptosis and mitosis. We confirmed the inverse correlation between PARP6 and Survivin expression in CRC cases by immunohistochemistry. Importantly, CRC cases with downregulation of PARP6 and upregulation of Survivin showed poor prognosis. In summary, PARP6 acts as a tumor suppressor via downregulating Survivin expression in CRC. PARP6 can be a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target together with Survivin for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Qi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.,Department of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
| | - Yasusei Kudo
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengjian Jin
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Zuo
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Mi
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhuan Shao
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Takaaki Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Naozumi Ishimaru
- Department of Oral Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Sien Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Masaaki Tatsuka
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 727-0023, Japan
| | - Fumio Shimamoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan
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30
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The Role of BRCA2 Mutation Status as Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognosis Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1869304. [PMID: 28078281 PMCID: PMC5203890 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1869304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and life expectancy after diagnosis is often short. Most pancreatic tumours appear sporadically and have been highly related to habits such as cigarette smoking, high alcohol intake, high carbohydrate, and sugar consumption. Other observational studies have suggested the association between pancreatic cancer and exposure to arsenic, lead, or cadmium. Aside from these factors, chronic pancreatitis and diabetes have also come to be considered as risk factors for these kinds of tumours. Studies have found that 10% of pancreatic cancer cases arise from an inherited syndrome related to some genetic alterations. One of these alterations includes mutation in BRCA2 gene. BRCA2 mutations impair DNA damage response and homologous recombination by direct regulation of RAD51. In light of these findings that link genetic factors to tumour development, DNA damage agents have been proposed as target therapies for pancreatic cancer patients carrying BRCA2 mutations. Some of these drugs include platinum-based agents and PARP inhibitors. However, the acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors has created a need for new chemotherapeutic strategies to target BRCA2. The present systematic review collects and analyses the role of BRCA2 alterations to be used in early diagnosis of an inherited syndrome associated with familiar cancer and as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for the management of pancreatic cancer patients.
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31
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Wei W, Li Y, Lv S, Zhang C, Tian Y. PARP-1 may be involved in angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4561-4567. [PMID: 28101214 PMCID: PMC5228086 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is involved in DNA repair and has been implicated in chemoresistance. The present study investigated whether PARP-1 promotes angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. PARP-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression and CD34+ microvascular density (MVD) were assessed using immunohistochemistry in 60 human epithelial ovarian cancer specimens. PARP-1 was stably knocked-down in SKOV3 cells using a specific small interfering RNA (siRNA); angiogenic capacity was assessed using the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) tubule formation assay; and PARP-1 and VEGF-A expression were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and ELISA. PARP-1 was found to be expressed in 73.3% (44/60) of the human epithelial ovarian cancer specimens and was significantly associated with VEGF-A, MVD, tumor size, histological grade and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). Compared with cells transfected with a negative control siRNA, knockdown of PARP-1 significantly suppressed the ability of SKOV3 cell-conditioned media to promote HUVEC tubule formation on Matrigel in vitro. Knockdown of PARP-1 in SKOV3 cells also significantly reduced VEGF-A mRNA and protein expression and secretion. In summary, PARP-1 is overexpressed and may enhance angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian cancer by upregulating VEGF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shuqing Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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32
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de Mestier L, Danset JB, Neuzillet C, Rebours V, Cros J, Soufir N, Hammel P. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in BRCA2 mutation carriers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T57-67. [PMID: 27511924 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Germline BRCA2 mutations are the first known cause of inherited (familial) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This tumor is the third most frequent cancer in carriers of germline BRCA2 mutations, as it occurs in around 10% of BRCA2 families. PDAC is known as one of the most highly lethal cancers, mainly because of its chemoresistance and frequently late diagnosis. Based on recent developments in molecular biology, a subgroup of BRCA2-associated PDAC has been created, allowing screening, early surgical treatment and personalized systemic treatment. BRCA2 germline mutation carriers who have ≥1 first-degree relative, or ≥2 blood relatives with PDAC, should undergo screening and regular follow-up based on magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasound. The goal of screening is to detect early invasive PDAC and advanced precancerous lesions suitable for a stepwise surgical complete (R0) resection. Increasing evidence on the molecular role of the BRCA2 protein in the homologous recombination of DNA damages suggest that BRCA2-related PDAC are sensitive to agents causing DNA cross-linking damage, such as platinum salts, and treatments targeting rescue DNA repair pathways, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis de Mestier
- Department of Gastroenterology and PancreatologyBeaujon Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Danset
- Department of Hepato-GastroenterologyEuropean Georges-Pompidou Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Cindy Neuzillet
- Department of Digestive OncologyBeaujon Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Vinciane Rebours
- Department of Gastroenterology and PancreatologyBeaujon Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Jérôme Cros
- Department of PathologyBeaujon Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Nadem Soufir
- Department of GeneticsBichat Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
| | - Pascal Hammel
- Department of Digestive OncologyBeaujon Hospital, Paris 7 University, APHP, Clichy, France
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Yang SH, Kuo TC, Wu H, Guo JC, Hsu C, Hsu CH, Tien YW, Yeh KH, Cheng AL, Kuo SH. Perspectives on the combination of radiotherapy and targeted therapy with DNA repair inhibitors in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7275-7288. [PMID: 27621574 PMCID: PMC4997635 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i32.7275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is highly lethal. Current research that combines radiation with targeted therapy may dramatically improve prognosis. Cancerous cells are characterized by unstable genomes and activation of DNA repair pathways, which are indicated by increased phosphorylation of numerous factors, including H2AX, ATM, ATR, Chk1, Chk2, DNA-PKcs, Rad51, and Ku70/Ku80 heterodimers. Radiotherapy causes DNA damage. Cancer cells can be made more sensitive to the effects of radiation (radiosensitization) through inhibition of DNA repair pathways. The synergistic effects, of two or more combined non-lethal treatments, led to co-administration of chemotherapy and radiosensitization in BRCA-defective cells and patients, with promising results. ATM/Chk2 and ATR/Chk1 pathways are principal regulators of cell cycle arrest, following DNA double-strand or single-strand breaks. DNA double-stranded breaks activate DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). It forms a holoenzyme with Ku70/Ku80 heterodimers, called DNA-PK, which catalyzes the joining of nonhomologous ends. This is the primary repair pathway utilized in human cells after exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiosensitization, induced by inhibitors of ATM, ATR, Chk1, Chk2, Wee1, PP2A, or DNA-PK, has been demonstrated in preclinical pancreatic cancer studies. Clinical trials are underway. Development of agents that inhibit DNA repair pathways to be clinically used in combination with radiotherapy is warranted for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Nile DL, Rae C, Hyndman IJ, Gaze MN, Mairs RJ. An evaluation in vitro of PARP-1 inhibitors, rucaparib and olaparib, as radiosensitisers for the treatment of neuroblastoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:621. [PMID: 27515310 PMCID: PMC4982014 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The radiopharmaceutical (131)I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine ((131)I-MIBG) is an effective treatment for neuroblastoma. However, maximal therapeutic benefit from (131)I-MIBG is likely to be obtained by its combination with chemotherapy. We previously reported enhanced antitumour efficacy of (131)I-MIBG by inhibition of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) DNA repair pathway using the phenanthridinone derivative PJ34. Recently developed alternative PARP-1 inhibitors have greater target specificity and are expected to be associated with reduced toxicity to normal tissue. Therefore, our purpose was to determine whether the more specific PARP-1 inhibitors rucaparib and olaparib enhanced the efficacy of X-radiation or (131)I-MIBG. METHODS Radiosensitisation of SK-N-BE(2c) neuroblastoma cells or noradrenaline transporter gene-transfected glioma cells (UVW/NAT) was investigated using clonogenic assay. Propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle progression. DNA damage was quantified by the phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX). RESULTS By combining PARP-1 inhibition with radiation treatment, it was possible to reduce the X-radiation dose or (131)I-MIBG activity concentration required to achieve 50 % cell kill by approximately 50 %. Rucaparib and olaparib were equally effective inhibitors of PARP-1 activity. X-radiation-induced DNA damage was significantly increased 2 h after irradiation by combination with PARP-1 inhibitors (10-fold greater DNA damage compared to untreated controls; p < 0.01). Moreover, combination treatment (i) prevented the restitution of DNA, exemplified by the persistence of 3-fold greater DNA damage after 24 h, compared to untreated controls (p < 0.01) and (ii) induced greater G2/M arrest (p < 0.05) than either single agent alone. CONCLUSION Rucaparib and olaparib sensitise cancer cells to X-radiation or (131)I-MIBG treatment. It is likely that the mechanism of radiosensitisation entails the accumulation of unrepaired radiation-induced DNA damage. Our findings suggest that the administration of PARP-1 inhibitors and (131)I-MIBG to high risk neuroblastoma patients may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Nile
- Radiation Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Colin Rae
- Radiation Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain J Hyndman
- Radiation Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark N Gaze
- University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Robert J Mairs
- Radiation Oncology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Silvestris N, Longo V, Cellini F, Reni M, Bittoni A, Cataldo I, Partelli S, Falconi M, Scarpa A, Brunetti O, Lorusso V, Santini D, Morganti A, Valentini V, Cascinu S. Neoadjuvant multimodal treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 98:309-24. [PMID: 26653573 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is increasingly multidisciplinary, with neoadjuvant strategies (chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery) administered in patients with resectable, borderline resectable, or locally advanced disease. The rational supporting this management is the achievement of both higher margin-negative resections and conversion rates into potentially resectable disease and in vivo assessment of novel therapeutics. International guidelines suggest an initial staging of the disease followed by a multidisciplinary approach, even considering the lack of a treatment approach to be considered as standard in this setting. This review will focus on both literature data supporting these guidelines and on new opportunities related to current more active chemotherapy regimens. An analysis of the pathological assessment of response to therapy and the potential role of target therapies and translational biomarkers and ongoing clinical trials of significance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.
| | - Vito Longo
- Medical Oncology Unit, 'Mons R Dimiccoli' Hospital, Barletta, Italy
| | - Francesco Cellini
- Radiation Oncology Department, Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Reni
- Medical Oncology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bittoni
- Medical Oncology Clinic, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ivana Cataldo
- ARC-NET Research Centre, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Pancreatic Unit, Department of Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Falconi
- Pancreatic Unit, Department of Surgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET Research Centre, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Lorusso
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Cancer Research Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Campus Biomedico, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessio Morganti
- Radiation Oncology Center, Dept. of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine - DIMES, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Valentini
- Radiation Oncology Department, Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Medical Oncology Clinic, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy
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Zhang SY, Zhang SQ, Nagaraju GP, El-Rayes BF. Biomarkers for personalized medicine in GI cancers. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 45:14-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Luo G, Lu Y, Jin K, Cheng H, Guo M, Liu Z, Long J, Liu C, Ni Q, Yu X. Pancreatic cancer: BRCA mutation and personalized treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:1223-31. [PMID: 26402249 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1086271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The highly heterozygous nature of pancreatic cancer is partially responsible for its therapeutic ineffectiveness and resistance. Therefore, the ability to identify subgroups of pancreatic cancer with unique biological characteristics and treatment response is urgently needed. In addition to breast and ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer is the third most common cancer type that is related to the early onset (BRCA) gene mutation in breast cancer. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that BRCA1/2-mutant breast and ovarian cancers are highly sensitive to DNA damage-related treatment, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and platinum-based agents. Preliminary evidence also showed promising results for DNA damage-related treatment in BRCA1/2-mutant pancreatic cancer. Importantly, several prospective clinical trials of PARPi-based regimens are underway for BRCA1/2-mutated pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer with a BRCA1/2 mutation is a small subgroup with a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Abstract
Patients with BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 germ line mutations are at an increased risk of developing pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC). In particular, the BRCA-2 mutation has been associated with a relative risk of developing PAC of 3.51. The BRCA-2 protein is involved in repair of double-stranded DNA breaks. Recent reports have suggested that in the setting of impaired DNA repair, chemotherapeutic agents that induce DNA damage, such as platinum-based antineoplastic drugs (platins) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARP inhibitors), have improved efficacy. However, because of the relative rarity of BRCA-related PAC, studies evaluating such agents in this setting are scarce. Patients with a known BRCA-2 mutation and PAC were retrospectively reviewed. Ten patients with PAC and BRCA-2 mutation were identified. Four patients (40%) were of Ashkenazi Jewish descent. Seven patients (70%) received platinum agents, two (20%) received mitomycin-C, one (10%) received a PARP inhibitor, and seven (70%) received a topoisomerase-I inhibitor. Overall, chemotherapy was well tolerated with expected side effects. Patients with a BRCA-2 mutation and PAC represent a group with a unique biology underlying their cancer. Chemotherapies such as platinum derivatives, mitomycin-C, topoisomerase-I inhibitors, and PARP inhibitors targeting DNA require further investigation in this population. Genetic testing may guide therapy in the future.
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39
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Porcelli L, Guida G, Tommasi S, Guida M, Azzariti A. Metastatic melanoma cells with BRAF G469A mutation: nab-paclitaxel better than vemurafenib? Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 76:433-8. [PMID: 26070258 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE BRAF G469A is a missense mutation within exon 11 of the BRAF gene resulting in a constitutively activated enzyme frequently associated with MAP kinase cascade signaling activation. No evidence currently exists about its role in determining sensitivity/resistance to BRAF inhibitors, utilized in the treatment of patients carrying BRAF V600 mutations, and to chemotherapy. The newly established metastatic melanoma (MM) cell line MO-1 was characterized for its sensitivity to vemurafenib and nab-paclitaxel, both already utilized for the treatment of MM. METHODS All analyses were carried out by comparing results with those found in MM cells wild type for BRAF or mutated in V600. In addition, cellular effectors were investigated by ELISA kits, western blotting and flow cytometry. RESULTS The exposure to vemurafenib inhibited MO-1 cell proliferation at concentrations similar to those obtained in vemurafenib-resistant melanoma models, and an explanation of this sensitivity is the strong activation of Erk1/2 and the low expression of MITF. Nab-paclitaxel strongly reduced proliferation of MO-1 cells perhaps for the very low expression level of PMEL17, transcriptionally regulated by MITF and negatively involved in determining sensitivity to taxanes. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the mutation BRAF G469A in MM might be related to a weak effectiveness of therapy with BRAF inhibitors and a promising therapeutic approach may be with nab-paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Porcelli
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Lab, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco, 65, 70124, Bari, Italy
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40
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Noble PW, Chan G, Young MR, Weisbart RH, Hansen JE. Optimizing a Lupus Autoantibody for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2285-91. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Sharbeen G, McCarroll J, Goldstein D, Phillips PA. Exploiting base excision repair to improve therapeutic approaches for pancreatic cancer. Front Nutr 2015; 2:10. [PMID: 25988138 PMCID: PMC4428371 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly chemoresistant and metastatic disease with a dismal 5-year survival rate of 6%. More effective therapeutic targets and approaches are urgently needed to tackle this devastating disease. The base excision repair (BER) pathway has been identified as a predictor of therapeutic response, prognostic factor, and therapeutic target in a variety of cancers. This review will discuss our current understanding of BER in PDA and its potential to improve PDA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Joshua McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Phoebe A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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42
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Porcelli L, Guida G, Quatrale AE, Cocco T, Sidella L, Maida I, Iacobazzi RM, Ferretta A, Stolfa DA, Strippoli S, Guida S, Tommasi S, Guida M, Azzariti A. Aurora kinase B inhibition reduces the proliferation of metastatic melanoma cells and enhances the response to chemotherapy. J Transl Med 2015; 13:26. [PMID: 25623468 PMCID: PMC4314759 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The poor response to chemotherapy and the brief response to vemurafenib in metastatic melanoma patients, make the identification of new therapeutic approaches an urgent need. Interestingly the increased expression and activity of the Aurora kinase B during melanoma progression suggests it as a promising therapeutic target. METHODS The efficacy of the Aurora B kinase inhibitor barasertib-HQPA was evaluated in BRAF mutated cells, sensitive and made resistant to vemurafenib after chronic exposure to the drug, and in BRAF wild type cells. The drug effectiveness has been evaluated as cell growth inhibition, cell cycle progression and cell migration. In addition, cellular effectors of drug resistance and response were investigated. RESULTS The characterization of the effectors responsible for the resistance to vemurafenib evidenced the increased expression of MITF or the activation of Erk1/2 and p-38 kinases in the newly established cell lines with a phenotype resistant to vemurafenib. The sensitivity of cells to barasertib-HQPA was irrespective of BRAF mutational status. Barasertib-HQPA induced the mitotic catastrophe, ultimately causing apoptosis and necrosis of cells, inhibited cell migration and strongly affected the glycolytic metabolism of cells inducing the release of lactate. In association i) with vemurafenib the gain in effectiveness was found only in BRAF(V600K) cells while ii) with nab-paclitaxel, the combination was more effective than each drug alone in all cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest barasertib as a new therapeutic agent and as enhancer of chemotherapy in metastatic melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Porcelli
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Guida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna E Quatrale
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Letizia Sidella
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Immacolata Maida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Rosa M Iacobazzi
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna Ferretta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Diana A Stolfa
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Sabino Strippoli
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefania Guida
- Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Michele Guida
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Clinical and Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Viale O. Flacco,65, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Jiang B, Ye Q, Fan W, Wang SL, Tu SJ, Li G. Four-component strategy for selective synthesis of azepino[5,4,3-cd]indoles and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:6108-11. [PMID: 24777181 PMCID: PMC4060249 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel four-component strategy for the selective synthesis of fused azepino[5,4,3-cd]indoles and pyrazolo [3,4-b]pyridines has been established. The bond-forming efficiency, accessibility of starting materials and substrate scope provide invaluable access to tetra-, and bis-heterocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 211116, P. R. China
| | - Qin Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 211116, P. R. China
| | - Wei Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 211116, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 211116, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 211116, P. R. China
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA;
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Maginn EN, de Sousa CH, Wasan HS, Stronach EA. Opportunities for translation: targeting DNA repair pathways in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:45-54. [PMID: 24727386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the poorest prognosis neoplasms. It is typified by high levels of genomic aberrations and copy-number variation, intra-tumoural heterogeneity and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Improved therapeutic options, ideally targeted against cancer-specific biological mechanisms, are urgently needed. Although induction of DNA damage and/or modulation of DNA damage response pathways are associated with the activity of a number of conventional PDAC chemotherapies, the effectiveness of this approach in the treatment of PDAC has not been comprehensively reviewed. Here, we review chemotherapeutic agents that have shown anti-cancer activity in PDAC and whose mechanisms of action involve modulation of DNA repair pathways. In addition, we highlight novel potential targets within these pathways based on the emerging understanding of PDAC biology and their exploitation as targets in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaina N Maginn
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
| | - Camila H de Sousa
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Harpreet S Wasan
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Euan A Stronach
- Molecular Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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45
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Colbert LE, Petrova AV, Fisher SB, Pantazides BG, Madden MZ, Hardy CW, Warren MD, Pan Y, Nagaraju GP, Liu EA, Saka B, Hall WA, Shelton JW, Gandhi K, Pauly R, Kowalski J, Kooby DA, El-Rayes BF, Staley CA, Adsay NV, Curran WJ, Landry JC, Maithel SK, Yu DS. CHD7 expression predicts survival outcomes in patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2677-87. [PMID: 24626090 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with poor outcomes with current therapies. Gemcitabine is the primary adjuvant drug used clinically, but its effectiveness is limited. In this study, our objective was to use a rationale-driven approach to identify novel biomarkers for outcome in patients with early-stage resected PDAC treated with adjuvant gemcitabine. Using a synthetic lethal screen in human PDAC cells, we identified 93 genes, including 55 genes linked to DNA damage responses (DDR), that demonstrated gemcitabine sensitization when silenced, including CHD7, which functions in chromatin remodeling. CHD7 depletion sensitized PDAC cells to gemcitabine and delayed their growth in tumor xenografts. Moreover, CHD7 silencing impaired ATR-dependent phosphorylation of CHK1 and increased DNA damage induced by gemcitabine. CHD7 was dysregulated, ranking above the 90th percentile in differential expression in a panel of PDAC clinical specimens, highlighting its potential as a biomarker. Immunohistochemical analysis of specimens from 59 patients with resected PDAC receiving adjuvant gemcitabine revealed that low CHD7 expression was associated with increased recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), in univariate and multivariate analyses. Notably, CHD7 expression was not associated with RFS or OS for patients not receiving gemcitabine. Thus, low CHD7 expression was correlated selectively with gemcitabine sensitivity in this patient population. These results supported our rationale-driven strategy to exploit dysregulated DDR pathways in PDAC to identify genetic determinants of gemcitabine sensitivity, identifying CHD7 as a novel biomarker candidate to evaluate further for individualizing PDAC treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/surgery
- Cell Line, Tumor
- DNA Helicases/biosynthesis
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Deoxycytidine/analogs & derivatives
- Deoxycytidine/pharmacology
- Deoxycytidine/therapeutic use
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/enzymology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Random Allocation
- Survival Analysis
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Gemcitabine
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Colbert
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Aleksandra V Petrova
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah B Fisher
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Brooke G Pantazides
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Z Madden
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Claire W Hardy
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew D Warren
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ganji P Nagaraju
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elaine A Liu
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Burcu Saka
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William A Hall
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joseph W Shelton
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Khanjan Gandhi
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rini Pauly
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeanne Kowalski
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David A Kooby
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GeorgiaAuthors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charles A Staley
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - N Volkan Adsay
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Walter J Curran
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jerome C Landry
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shishir K Maithel
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David S Yu
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Radiation Oncology, Medical Oncology, and Pathology; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery; Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University; and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia
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46
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O’Sullivan CC, Moon DH, Kohn EC, Lee JM. Beyond Breast and Ovarian Cancers: PARP Inhibitors for BRCA Mutation-Associated and BRCA-Like Solid Tumors. Front Oncol 2014; 4:42. [PMID: 24616882 PMCID: PMC3937815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) have shown clinical activity in patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutation (gBRCAm)-associated breast and ovarian cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that PARPi may have a wider application in the treatment of cancers defective in DNA damage repair pathways, such as prostate, lung, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers. Several PARPi are currently in phase I/II clinical investigation, as single-agents and/or combination therapy in these solid tumors. Understanding more about the molecular abnormalities involved in BRCA-like phenotype in solid tumors beyond breast and ovarian cancers, exploring novel therapeutic trial strategies and drug combinations, and defining potential predictive biomarkers are critical to expanding the scope of PARPi therapy. This will improve clinical outcome in advanced solid tumors. Here, we briefly review the preclinical data and clinical development of PARPi, and discuss its future development in solid tumors beyond gBRCAm-associated breast and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara C. O’Sullivan
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dominic H. Moon
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Medical Research Scholars Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elise C. Kohn
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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47
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Chen S, Wang G, Niu X, Zhao J, Tan W, Wang H, Zhao L, Ge Y. Combination of AZD2281 (Olaparib) and GX15-070 (Obatoclax) results in synergistic antitumor activities in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 348:20-8. [PMID: 24534203 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the antitumor activities of the PARP inhibitor AZD2281 (Olaparib) and the pan-Bcl-2 inhibitor GX15-070 (Obatoclax) in six pancreatic cancer cell lines. While both agents were able to cause growth arrest and limited apoptosis, the combination of the two was able to synergistically cause growth arrest and non-apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, in an in vivo xenograft model, the combination caused substantially increased tumor necrosis compared to either treatment alone. Our results support further investigation of the combination of Bcl-2 and PARP inhibitors for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Chen
- The State Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guan Wang
- The State Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojia Niu
- The State Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianyun Zhao
- The State Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenxi Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hebin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yubin Ge
- The State Engineering Laboratory of AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA; Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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48
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Yuan K, Sun Y, Zhou T, McDonald J, Chen Y. PARP-1 regulates resistance of pancreatic cancer to TRAIL therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4750-9. [PMID: 23833311 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activating extrinsic apoptotic pathways targeting death receptors (DR) using agonistic antibodies or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is promising for cancer therapy. However, most pancreatic cancers are resistant to TRAIL therapy. The present studies aimed to identify combination therapies that enhance the efficacy of TRAIL therapy and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A xenograft model in nude mice was used to determine pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and therapeutic efficacy of TRA-8, a monoclonal agonistic antibody for DR5. Pancreatic cancer cells were used to characterize mechanisms underlying PARP-1 regulation of TRA-8-induced apoptosis in vitro. RESULTS PARP-1 was found highly expressed in the TRA-8-resistant PANC-1 and Suit-2 cells, compared with TRA-8-sensitive BxPc-3 and MiaPaca-2. Inhibition of PARP-1 with a pharmacologic inhibitor sensitized PANC-1 and Suit2 cells to TRA-8-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, siRNAs specifically knocking down PARP-1 markedly enhanced TRA-8-induced apoptosis in vitro and augmented the efficacy of TRA-8 therapy on tumorigenesis in vivo. PARP-1 knockdown increased TRA-8-induced activation of caspase-8 in the death-induced signaling complex (DISC). Immunoprecipitation with DR5 antibody identified the recruitment of PARP-1 and PARP-1-mediated protein poly-ADP-ribosylation (pADPr) modification in the DR5-associated DISC. Further characterization revealed that PARP-1-mediated pADPr modification of caspase-8 inhibited caspase-8 activation, which may contribute to its function in regulating TRA-8 resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our studies provide molecular insights into a novel function of PARP-1 in regulating the extrinsic apoptosis machinery and also support interventions combining PARP-1 inhibitors with DR agonists for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Yuan
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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49
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Wörmann SM, Algül H. Risk Factors and Therapeutic Targets in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Oncol 2013; 3:282. [PMID: 24303367 PMCID: PMC3831165 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Maria Wörmann
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hana Algül, II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich 81675, Germany e-mail:
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50
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Optimize radiochemotherapy in pancreatic cancer: PARP inhibitors a new therapeutic opportunity. Mol Oncol 2012; 7:308-22. [PMID: 23148997 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells may use PARP enzymes and Homologous Recombination to repair single and double strand breaks caused by genotoxic insults. In this study, the PARP-1 inhibitor Rucaparib was utilized to increase the sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy treatment in BRCA-2-deficient and -proficient pancreatic cancer cells. We used the pancreatic cancer cell lines, Capan-1 with mutated BRCA-2 and Panc-1, AsPC-1 and MiaPaCa-2 with BRCA-1/2 wild type. Cells were treated with Rucaparib and/or radiotherapy (4-10 Gy) plus Gemcitabine then the capability to proliferate was evaluated by colony formation, cell counting and MTT assays. Flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry and western blotting were utilized to assess cell response to Rucaparib plus irradiation. The antitumour effectiveness of combining the PARP-1 inhibitor before, together and after radiotherapy evidenced the first as the optimal schedule in blocking cell growth. Pre-exposure to Rucaparib increased the cytotoxicity of Gemcitabine plus radiotherapy by heavily inducing the accumulation of cells in G2/M phase, impairing mitosis and finally inducing apoptosis and authophagy. The upregulation of p-Akt and downregulation of p53 were evidenced in MiaPaCa-2 which displayed replication stress features. For the first time, the rationale of using a PARP inhibitor as chemoradiosensitizer in pancreatic cancer models has been hypothesized and demonstrated.
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