1
|
Yang X, Liu Z, Tang W, Pratap UP, Collier AB, Altwegg KA, Gopalam R, Li X, Yuan Y, Zhou D, Lai Z, Chen Y, Sareddy GR, Valente PT, Kost ER, Viswanadhapalli S, Vadlamudi RK. PELP1 inhibition by SMIP34 reduces endometrial cancer progression via attenuation of ribosomal biogenesis. Mol Oncol 2023. [PMID: 37853941 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (ECa) is the fourth most common cancer among women. The oncogene PELP1 is frequently overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including ECa. We recently generated SMIP34, a small-molecule inhibitor of PELP1 that suppresses PELP1 oncogenic signaling. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of SMIP34 in treating ECa. Treatment of established and primary patient-derived ECa cells with SMIP34 resulted in a significant reduction of cell viability, colony formation ability, and induction of apoptosis. RNA-seq analyses showed that SMIP34-regulated genes were negatively correlated with ribosome biogenesis and eukaryotic translation pathways. Mechanistic studies showed that the Rix complex, which is essential for ribosomal biogenesis, is disrupted upon SMIP34 binding to PELP1. Biochemical assays confirmed that SMIP34 reduced ribosomal biogenesis and new protein synthesis. Further, SMIP34 enhanced the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in reducing viability of ECa cells. SMIP34 is also effective in reducing cell viability in ECa organoids in vitro and explants ex vivo. Importantly, SMIP34 treatment resulted in a significant reduction of the growth of ECa xenografts. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of SMIP34 in treating ECa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zexuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexia B Collier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kristin A Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rahul Gopalam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Population Sciences, and Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Department of Population Sciences, and Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Philip T Valente
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Edward R Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, TX, USA
- Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Altwegg KA, Viswanadhapalli S, Mann M, Chakravarty D, Krishnan S, Liu Z, Liu J, Pratap UP, Ebrahimi B, Sanchez JR, Li X, Ma S, Park BH, Santhamma B, Chen Y, Lai Z, Raj GV, Yuan Y, Zhou D, Sareddy GR, Tekmal RR, McHardy S, Huang THM, Rao MK, Vankayalapati H, Vadlamudi RK. A First-in-Class Inhibitor of ER Coregulator PELP1 Targets ER+ Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2022; 82:3830-3844. [PMID: 35950923 PMCID: PMC9588738 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Most patients with estrogen receptor alpha-positive (ER+) breast cancers initially respond to treatment but eventually develop therapy resistance with disease progression. Overexpression of oncogenic ER coregulators, including proline, glutamic acid, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1), are implicated in breast cancer progression. The lack of small molecules that inhibits PELP1 represents a major knowledge gap. Here, using a yeast-two-hybrid screen, we identified novel peptide inhibitors of PELP1 (PIP). Biochemical assays demonstrated that one of these peptides, PIP1, directly interacted with PELP1 to block PELP1 oncogenic functions. Computational modeling of PIP1 revealed key residues contributing to its activity and facilitated the development of a small-molecule inhibitor of PELP1, SMIP34, and further analyses confirmed that SMIP34 directly bound to PELP1. In breast cancer cells, SMIP34 reduced cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. SMIP34 inhibited proliferation of not only wild-type (WT) but also mutant (MT) ER+ and therapy-resistant breast cancer cells, in part by inducing PELP1 degradation via the proteasome pathway. RNA sequencing analyses showed that SMIP34 treatment altered the expression of genes associated with estrogen response, cell cycle, and apoptosis pathways. In cell line-derived and patient-derived xenografts of both WT and MT ER+ breast cancer models, SMIP34 reduced proliferation and significantly suppressed tumor progression. Collectively, these results demonstrate SMIP34 as a first-in-class inhibitor of oncogenic PELP1 signaling in advanced breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Development of a novel inhibitor of oncogenic PELP1 provides potential therapeutic avenues for treating therapy-resistant, advanced ER+ breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A. Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Monica Mann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | | | - Samaya Krishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Zexuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Uday P. Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Behnam Ebrahimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - John R. Sanchez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Shihong Ma
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ben H. Park
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Zhao Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Ganesh V. Raj
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, and Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, and Center for Innovative Drug Discovery, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Rajeshwar R. Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Stan McHardy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Tim H. -M. Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Manjeet K. Rao
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | | | - Ratna K. Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229
- Audie L. Murphy South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Z, Liu J, Ebrahimi B, Pratap UP, He Y, Altwegg KA, Tang W, Li X, Lai Z, Chen Y, Shen L, Sareddy GR, Viswanadhapalli S, Tekmal RR, Rao MK, Vadlamudi RK. SETDB1 interactions with PELP1 contributes to breast cancer endocrine therapy resistance. Breast Cancer Res 2022; 24:26. [PMID: 35395812 PMCID: PMC8991965 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-022-01520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methyltransferase SETDB1 is highly expressed in breast cancer (BC), however, the mechanisms by which SETDB1 promotes BC progression to endocrine therapy resistance remains elusive. In this study, we examined the mechanisms by which SETDB1 contribute to BC endocrine therapy resistance. Methods We utilized therapy sensitive (MCF7 and ZR75), therapy resistant (MCF7-TamR, MCF7-FR, MCF7-PELP1cyto, MCF7-SETDB1) estrogen receptor alpha positive (ER+)BC models and conducted in vitro cell viability, colony formation, 3-dimensional cell growth assays to investigate the role of SETDB1 in endocrine resistance. RNA-seq of parental and SETDB1 knock down ER+ BC cells was used to identify unique pathways. SETDB1 interaction with PELP1 was identified by yeast-two hybrid screen and confirmed by immunoprecipitation and GST-pull down assays. Mechanistic studies were conducted using Western blotting, reporter gene assays, RT-qPCR, and in vitro methylation assays. Xenograft assays were used to establish the role of PELP1 in SETDB1 mediated BC progression. Results RNA-seq analyses showed that SETDB1 regulates expression of a subset of estrogen receptor (ER) and Akt target genes that contribute to endocrine therapy resistance. Importantly, using yeast-two hybrid screen, we identified ER coregulator PELP1 as a novel interacting protein of SETDB1. Biochemical analyses confirmed SETDB1 and PELP1 interactions in multiple BC cells. Mechanistic studies confirmed that PELP1 is necessary for SETDB1 mediated Akt methylation and phosphorylation. Further, SETDB1 overexpression promotes tamoxifen resistance in BC cells, and PELP1 knockdown abolished these effects. Using xenograft model, we provided genetic evidence that PELP1 is essential for SETDB1 mediated BC progression in vivo. Analyses of TCGA datasets revealed SETDB1 expression is positively correlated with PELP1 expression in ER+ BC patients. Conclusions This study suggests that the PELP1/SETDB1 axis play an important role in aberrant Akt activation and serves as a novel target for treating endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-022-01520-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Liu
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.,Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Behnam Ebrahimi
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Yi He
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kristin A Altwegg
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.,Dept of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Liangfang Shen
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Manjeet K Rao
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7836, San Antonio, TX, 78229-3900, USA. .,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA. .,Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vuttaradhi VK, Ezhil I, Ramani D, Kanumuri R, Raghavan S, Balasubramanian V, Saravanan R, Kanakarajan A, Joseph LD, Pitani RS, Sundaram S, Sjolander A, Venkatraman G, Rayala SK. Inflammation-induced PELP1 expression promotes tumorigenesis by activating GM-CSF paracrine secretion in the tumor microenvironment. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101406. [PMID: 34774800 PMCID: PMC8671644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory tumor microenvironment has been implicated as a major player fueling tumor progression and an enabling characteristic of cancer, proline, glutamic acid, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a novel nuclear receptor coregulator that signals across diverse signaling networks, and its expression is altered in several cancers. However, investigations to find the role of PELP1 in inflammation-driven oncogenesis are limited. Molecular studies here, utilizing macrophage cell lines and animal models upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or necrotic cells, showed that PELP1 is an inflammation-inducible gene. Studies on the PELP1 promoter and its mutant identified potential binding of c-Rel, an NF-κB transcription factor subunit, to PELP1 promoter upon LPS stimulation in macrophages. Recruitment of c-Rel onto the PELP1 promoter was validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation, further confirming LPS mediated PELP1 expression through c-Rel-specific transcriptional regulation. Macrophages that overexpress PELP1 induces granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor secretion, which mediates cancer progression in a paracrine manner. Results from preclinical studies with normal-inflammatory-tumor progression models demonstrated a progressive increase in the PELP1 expression, supporting this link between inflammation and cancer. In addition, animal studies demonstrated the connection of PELP1 in inflammation-directed cancer progression. Taken together, our findings provide the first report on c-Rel-specific transcriptional regulation of PELP1 in inflammation and possible granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-mediated transformation potential of activated macrophages on epithelial cells in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, reiterating the link between PELP1 and inflammation-induced oncogenesis. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of PELP1 may help in designing better therapeutics to cure various inflammation-associated malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veena Kumari Vuttaradhi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Inemai Ezhil
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Divya Ramani
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rahul Kanumuri
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swetha Raghavan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vaishnavi Balasubramanian
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Roshni Saravanan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Archana Kanakarajan
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Leena Dennis Joseph
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Pitani
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anita Sjolander
- Cell Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences & Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Suresh Kumar Rayala
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Altwegg KA, Vadlamudi RK. Role of estrogen receptor coregulators in endocrine resistant breast cancer. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:385-400. [PMID: 34528025 PMCID: PMC8439438 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most ubiquitous cancer in women. Approximately 70–80% of BC diagnoses are positive for estrogen receptor (ER) alpha (ERα). The steroid hormone estrogen [17β-estradiol (E2)] plays a vital role both in the initiation and progression of BC. The E2-ERα mediated actions involve genomic signaling and non-genomic signaling. The specificity and magnitude of ERα signaling are mediated by interactions between ERα and several coregulator proteins called coactivators or corepressors. Alterations in the levels of coregulators are common during BC progression and they enhance ligand-dependent and ligand-independent ERα signaling which drives BC growth, progression, and endocrine therapy resistance. Many ERα coregulator proteins function as scaffolding proteins and some have intrinsic or associated enzymatic activities, thus the targeting of coregulators for blocking BC progression is a challenging task. Emerging data from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that targeting coregulators to inhibit BC progression to therapy resistance is feasible. This review explores the current state of ERα coregulator signaling and the utility of targeting the ERα coregulator axis in treating advanced BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Altwegg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Structure, Activity and Function of the Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 6. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090951. [PMID: 34575100 PMCID: PMC8470942 DOI: 10.3390/life11090951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family methylate the arginine residue(s) of several proteins and regulate a broad spectrum of cellular functions. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is a type I PRMT that asymmetrically dimethylates the arginine residues of numerous substrate proteins. PRMT6 introduces asymmetric dimethylation modification in the histone 3 at arginine 2 (H3R2me2a) and facilitates epigenetic regulation of global gene expression. In addition to histones, PRMT6 methylates a wide range of cellular proteins and regulates their functions. Here, we discuss (i) the biochemical aspects of enzyme kinetics, (ii) the structural features of PRMT6 and (iii) the diverse functional outcomes of PRMT6 mediated arginine methylation. Finally, we highlight how dysregulation of PRMT6 is implicated in various types of cancers and response to viral infections.
Collapse
|
7
|
Roehrig AE, Klupsch K, Oses-Prieto JA, Chaib S, Henderson S, Emmett W, Young LC, Surinova S, Blees A, Pfeiffer A, Tijani M, Brunk F, Hartig N, Muñoz-Alegre M, Hergovich A, Jennings BH, Burlingame AL, Rodriguez-Viciana P. Cell-cell adhesion regulates Merlin/NF2 interaction with the PAF complex. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254697. [PMID: 34424918 PMCID: PMC8382200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PAF complex (PAFC) coordinates transcription elongation and mRNA processing and its CDC73/parafibromin subunit functions as a tumour suppressor. The NF2/Merlin tumour suppressor functions both at the cell cortex and nucleus and is a key mediator of contact inhibition but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study we have used affinity proteomics to identify novel Merlin interacting proteins and show that Merlin forms a complex with multiple proteins involved in RNA processing including the PAFC and the CHD1 chromatin remodeller. Tumour-derived inactivating mutations in both Merlin and the CDC73 PAFC subunit mutually disrupt their interaction and growth suppression by Merlin requires CDC73. Merlin interacts with the PAFC in a cell density-dependent manner and we identify a role for FAT cadherins in regulating the Merlin-PAFC interaction. Our results suggest that in addition to its function within the Hippo pathway, Merlin is part of a tumour suppressor network regulated by cell-cell adhesion which coordinates post-initiation steps of the transcription cycle of genes mediating contact inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E. Roehrig
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Klupsch
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan A. Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Selim Chaib
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Henderson
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Warren Emmett
- University College London Genetics Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy C. Young
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Surinova
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Blees
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anett Pfeiffer
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maha Tijani
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Brunk
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Hartig
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Alma L. Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wei HH, Fan XJ, Hu Y, Tian XX, Guo M, Mao MW, Fang ZY, Wu P, Gao SX, Peng C, Yang Y, Wang Z. A systematic survey of PRMT interactomes reveals the key roles of arginine methylation in the global control of RNA splicing and translation. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1342-1357. [PMID: 36654156 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of proteins undergo arginine methylation, a widespread post-translational modification catalyzed by several protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). However, global understanding of their biological functions is limited due to the lack of a complete picture of the catalytic network for each PRMT. Here, we systematically identified interacting proteins for all human PRMTs and demonstrated their functional importance in mRNA splicing and translation. We demonstrated significant overlapping of interactomes of human PRMTs with the known methylarginine-containing proteins. Different PRMTs are functionally redundant with a high degree of overlap in their substrates and high similarities between their putative methylation motifs. Importantly, RNA-binding proteins involved in regulating RNA splicing and translation contain highly enriched arginine methylation regions. Moreover, inhibition of PRMTs globally alternates alternative splicing (AS) and suppresses translation. In particular, ribosomal proteins are extensively modified with methylarginine, and mutations in their methylation sites suppress ribosome assembly, translation, and eventually cell growth. Collectively, our study provides a global view of different PRMT networks and uncovers critical functions of arginine methylation in regulating mRNA splicing and translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Xiao-Juan Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yue Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Tian
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhang-Jiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Meng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Miao-Wei Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhao-Yuan Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhang-Jiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shuai-Xin Gao
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhang-Jiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhang-Jiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yun Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Janisiak J, Kopytko P, Tarnowski M. Dysregulation of protein argininemethyltransferase in the pathogenesis of cancerpy. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.8521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation is considered to be one of the most permanent and one of the most frequent post-translational modifications. The reaction of transferring a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to arginine residue is catalyzed by aginine methyltransferase (PRMT). In humans there are nine members of the PRMT family, named in order of discovery of PRMT1- PRMT9. Arginine methyltransferases were divided into three classes: I, II, III, with regard to the product of the catalyzed reaction. The products of their activity are, respectively, the following: asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) and monomethylarginine (MMA). These modifications significantly affect the chromatin functions; therefore, they can act as co-activators or suppressors of the transcription process. Arginine methylation plays a crucial role in many biological processes in a human organism. Among others, it participates in signal transduction control, mRNA splicing and the regulation of basic cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that dysregulation of PRMT levels may lead to the cancer transformation of cells. The correlation between increased PRMT level and cancer has been demonstrated in the following: breast, ovary, lung and colorectal cancer. The activity of arginine methyltransferase can be regulated by small molecule PRMT inhibitors. To date, three substances that inhibit PRMT activity have been evaluated in clinical trials and exhibit anti-tumor activity against hematological cancer. It is believed that the use of specific PRMT inhibitors may become a new, effective and safe treatment of oncological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Janisiak
- Katedra i Zakład Fizjologii, Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Szczecinie
| | - Patrycja Kopytko
- Katedra i Zakład Fizjologii, Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Szczecinie
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Katedra i Zakład Fizjologii, Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Szczecinie
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu J, Liu Z, Li M, Tang W, Pratap UP, Luo Y, Altwegg KA, Li X, Zou Y, Zhu H, Sareddy GR, Viswanadhapalli S, Vadlamudi RK. Interaction of transcription factor AP-2 gamma with proto-oncogene PELP1 promotes tumorigenesis by enhancing RET signaling. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1146-1161. [PMID: 33269540 PMCID: PMC8024722 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) initially responds to endocrine therapy but eventually evolves into therapy-resistant BC. Transcription factor AP-2 gamma (TFAP2C) is a known regulator of ER activity, and high expression of TFAP2C is associated with a decreased response to endocrine therapies. PELP1 is a nuclear receptor coregulator, commonly overexpressed in BC, and its levels are correlated with poorer survival. In this study, we identified PELP1 as a novel interacting protein of TFAP2C. RNA-seq analysis of PELP1 knockdown BC cells followed by transcription factor motif prediction pointed to TFAP2C being enriched in PELP1-regulated genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that the TFAP2C-PELP1 axis induced a subset of common genes. Reporter gene assays confirmed PELP1 functions as a coactivator of TFAP2C. Mechanistic studies showed that PELP1-mediated changes in histone methylation contributed to increased expression of the TFAP2C target gene RET. Furthermore, the TFAP2C-PELP1 axis promoted the activation of the RET signaling pathway, which contributed to downstream activation of AKT and ERK pathways in ER+ BC cells. Concomitantly, knockdown of PELP1 attenuated these effects mediated by TFAP2C. Overexpression of TFAP2C contributed to increased cell proliferation and therapy resistance in ER+ BC models, while knockdown of PELP1 mitigated these effects. Utilizing ZR75-TFAP2C xenografts with or without PELP1 knockdown, we provided genetic evidence that endogenous PELP1 is essential for TFAP2C-driven BC progression in vivo. Collectively, our studies demonstrated that PELP1 plays a critical role in TFAP2C transcriptional and tumorigenic functions in BC and blocking the PELP1-TFAP2C axis could have utility for treating therapy resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Liu
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | - Zexuan Liu
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | - Mengxing Li
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Respiratory MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | - Weiwei Tang
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAffiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineNanjing University of Chinese MedicineChina
| | - Uday P. Pratap
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Yiliao Luo
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- Department of General SurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | - Kristin A. Altwegg
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- UT Health San Antonio Mays Cancer Center‐ MD Anderson Cancer CenterUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Xiaonan Li
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research InstituteUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityHunanChina
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- UT Health San Antonio Mays Cancer Center‐ MD Anderson Cancer CenterUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- UT Health San Antonio Mays Cancer Center‐ MD Anderson Cancer CenterUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| | - Ratna K. Vadlamudi
- UT Health San Antonio Long School of MedicineDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
- UT Health San Antonio Mays Cancer Center‐ MD Anderson Cancer CenterUT Health San AntonioTXUSA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hamey JJ, Rakow S, Bouchard C, Senst JM, Kolb P, Bauer UM, Wilkins MR, Hart-Smith G. Systematic investigation of PRMT6 substrate recognition reveals broad specificity with a preference for an RG motif or basic and bulky residues. FEBS J 2021; 288:5668-5691. [PMID: 33764612 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) catalyses the asymmetric dimethylation of arginines on numerous substrate proteins within the human cell. In particular, PRMT6 methylates histone H3 arginine 2 (H3R2) which affects both gene repression and activation. However, the substrate specificity of PRMT6 has not been comprehensively analysed. Here, we systematically characterise the substrate recognition motif of PRMT6, finding that it has broad specificity and recognises the RG motif. Working with a H3 tail peptide as a template, on which we made 204 amino acid substitutions, we use targeted mass spectrometry to measure their effect on PRMT6 in vitro activity. We first show that PRMT6 methylates R2 and R8 in the H3 peptide, although H3R8 is methylated with lower efficiency and is not an in vivo PRMT6 substrate. We then quantify the effect of 194 of these amino acid substitutions on methylation at both H3R2 and H3R8. In both cases, we find that PRMT6 tolerates essentially any amino acid substitution in the H3 peptide, but that positively charged and bulky residues are preferred near the target arginine. We show that PRMT6 also has preference for glycine, but only in the position immediately following the target arginine. This indicates that PRMT6 recognises the RG motif rather than the RGG motif. We further confirm this preference for the RG motif on another PRMT6 substrate, histone H4R3. This broad specificity and recognition of RG rather than RGG are distinctive among the PRMT family and has implications for the development of drugs to selectively target PRMT6. DATABASES: Panorama Public (https://panoramaweb.org/PRMT6motif.url); ProteomeXchange (PXD016711).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Hamey
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sinja Rakow
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Bouchard
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M Senst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Uta-Maria Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Philipps-University Marburg, Germany
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Morettin A, Bourassa J, Mahadevan K, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Cote J. Using affinity purification coupled with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture quantitative mass spectrometry to identify novel interactors/substrates of protein arginine methyltransferases. Methods 2020; 175:44-52. [PMID: 31794835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein arginine methyltransferase family (PRMT) is known as being the catalytic driving force for arginine methylation. This specific type of post translational modification is extensively used in biological processes, and therefore is highly relevant in the pathology of a profusion of diseases. Since altered PRMT expression or deregulation has been shown to contribute to a vast range of those diseases including cancer, their study is of great interest. Although an increasing number of substrates are being discovered for each PRMT, large scale proteomic methods can be used to identify novel interactors/substrates, further elucidating the role that PRMTs perform in physiological or disease states. Here, we describe the use of affinity purification (AP) coupled with stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) to identify protein interactors and substrates of PRMTs. We also explore the possibility of exploiting the fact most PRMTs display lower dissociation rates with their hypomethylated substrates as a strategy to increase the proportion of substrates identified in AP/MS studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Morettin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Bourassa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kohila Mahadevan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Cote
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang N, Li QL, Pan W, Li J, Zhang MF, Cao T, Su SG, Shen H. PRMT6 promotes endometrial cancer via AKT/mTOR signaling and indicates poor prognosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 120:105681. [PMID: 31884111 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Arginine methylation plays essential roles in post-transcriptional modification and signal transduction. Dysregulation of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) has been reported in human cancers, yet the expression and biological function of PRMT6 in endometrial cancer (EMC) remains unclear. Here, we show that PRMT6 is upregulated in EMC and exhibits oncogenic activities via activation of AKT/mTOR pathway. The expression of PRMT6 in EMC is much higher than that in the adjacent nontumorous tissues. Elevated PRMT6 expression is significantly associated with higher histological tumor grade and unfavorable prognosis in two independent cohorts consisting of a total of 564 patients with EMC. In vitro data demonstrate that PRMT6 expression was identified as a downstream target of miR-372-3p. Ectopic expression of miR-372-3p downregulates PRMT6. Overexpression of PRMT6 promotes EMC cell proliferation and migration, whereas knockdown of PRMT6 leads to opposite phenotypes. Mechanistically, PRMT6 induces the phosphorylation of AKT and mTOR in EMC cells. Inhibition of AKT/mTOR signaling by MK2206 or rapamycin attenuates the PRMT6-mediated EMC progression. In clinical samples, high expression of PRMT6 was correlated to low expression of miR-372-3p and high expression of phosphorylated AKT. Collectively, our findings suggest PRMT6 may function as an oncogene to promote tumor progression, and be of prognostic value to predict disease-free survival of patients with EMC. The newly identified miR-372-3p/PRMT6/AKT/mTOR axis represents a new promising target for EMC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiu-Li Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wenwei Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinhui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Tiefeng Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shu-Guang Su
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hexian Memorial Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Huimin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sareddy GR, Pratap UP, Viswanadhapalli S, Venkata PP, Nair BC, Krishnan SR, Zheng S, Gilbert AR, Brenner AJ, Brann DW, Vadlamudi RK. PELP1 promotes glioblastoma progression by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Neurooncol Adv 2019; 1:vdz042. [PMID: 32309805 PMCID: PMC7147719 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly neoplasm of the central nervous system. The molecular mechanisms and players that contribute to GBM development is incompletely understood. Methods The expression of PELP1 in different grades of glioma and normal brain tissues was analyzed using immunohistochemistry on a tumor tissue array. PELP1 expression in established and primary GBM cell lines was analyzed by Western blotting. The effect of PELP1 knockdown was studied using cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion assays. Mechanistic studies were conducted using RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, immunoprecipitation, reporter gene assays, and signaling analysis. Mouse orthotopic models were used for preclinical evaluation of PELP1 knock down. Results Nuclear receptor coregulator PELP1 is highly expressed in gliomas compared to normal brain tissues, with the highest expression in GBM. PELP1 expression was elevated in established and patient-derived GBM cell lines compared to normal astrocytes. Knockdown of PELP1 resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, survival, migration, and invasion. Global RNA-sequencing studies demonstrated that PELP1 knockdown significantly reduced the expression of genes involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that PELP1 interacts with and functions as a coactivator of β-catenin. Knockdown of PELP1 resulted in a significant increase in survival of mice implanted with U87 and GBM PDX models. Conclusions PELP1 expression is upregulated in GBM and PELP1 signaling via β-catenin axis contributes to GBM progression. Thus, PELP1 could be a potential target for the development of therapeutic intervention in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Prabhakar Pitta Venkata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Binoj C Nair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Siyuan Zheng
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrea R Gilbert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- Hematology & Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Optineurin downregulation induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:128. [PMID: 31428460 PMCID: PMC6689035 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) shows a high level of basal autophagy. Here we investigated the role of optineurin (OPTN) in PDAC cell lines, which is a prominent member of the autophagy system. To that purpose, mining of publically available databases showed that OPTN is highly expressed in PDAC and that high levels of expression are related to reduced survival. Therefore, the role of OPTN on proliferation, migration, and colony formation was investigated by transient knockdown in Miapaca, BXPC3, and Suit2-007 human PDAC cells. Furthermore, gene expression modulation in response to OPTN knockdown was assessed by microarray. The influence on cell cycle distribution and cell death signaling cascades was followed by FACS, assays for apoptosis, RT-PCR, and western blot. Finally, autophagy and ROS induction were screened by acridine orange and DCFH-DA fluorescent staining respectively. OPTN knockdown caused significant inhibition of colony formation, increased migration and no significant effect on proliferation in Miapaca, BXPC3 and Suit2-007 cells. The microarray showed modulation of 293 genes in Miapaca versus 302 in Suit2-007 cells, of which 52 genes overlapped. Activated common pathways included the ER stress response and chaperone-mediated autophagy, which was confirmed at mRNA and protein levels. Apoptosis was activated as shown by increased levels of cleaved PARP, Annexin V binding and nuclear fragmentation. OPTN knockdown caused no increased vacuole formation as assessed by acridine orange. Also, there was only marginally increased ROS production. Combination of OPTN knockdown with the autophagy inducer erufosine or LY294002, an inhibitor of autophagy, showed additive effects, which led us to hypothesize that they address different pathways. In conclusion, OPTN knockdown was related to activation of ER stress response and chaperone-mediated autophagy, which tend to confine the damage caused by OPTN knockdown and thus question its value for PDAC therapy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang L, Li K, Lin X, Yao Z, Wang S, Xiong X, Ning Z, Wang J, Xu X, Jiang Y, Liu D, Chen Y, Zhang D, Zhang H. Metformin induces human esophageal carcinoma cell pyroptosis by targeting the miR-497/PELP1 axis. Cancer Lett 2019; 450:22-31. [PMID: 30771436 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Evasion of apoptosis is a major contributing factor to the development of chemo- and radiotherapy resistance. Therefore, activation of non-apoptotic programmed cell death (PCD) could be an effective alternative against apoptosis-resistant cancers. In this study, we demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that metformin can induce pyroptosis, a non-apoptotic PCD, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), a commonly known chemo-refractory cancer, especially at its advanced stages. Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1) is a scaffolding oncogene and upregulated PELP1 in advanced stages of ESCC is highly associated with cancer progression and patient outcomes. Intriguingly, metformin treatment leads to gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis, which is abrogated by forced expression of PELP1. Mechanistically, metformin induces pyroptosis of ESCC by targeting miR-497/PELP1 axis. Our findings suggest that metformin and any other pyroptosis-inducing reagents could serve as alternative treatments for chemo- and radiotherapy refractory ESCC or other cancers sharing the same pyroptosis mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, China; Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, China; Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjie Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaozheng Xu
- Cancer Research Centre, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ditian Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuping Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Ave, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jinan University Medical College, Guangzhou, China; Research Centre of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Tsang JYS, Lee MA, Ni YB, Tong JH, Chan SK, Cheung SY, To KF, Tse GM. The Clinical Value of PELP1 for Breast Cancer: A Comparison with Multiple Cancers and Analysis in Breast Cancer Subtypes. Cancer Res Treat 2018; 51:706-717. [PMID: 30134648 PMCID: PMC6473277 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proline, glutamic acid, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1), a novel nuclear receptor (NR) co-regulator, is highly expressed in breast cancer. We investigated its expression in breast cancer subtypes, in comparison with other breast markers as well as cancers from different sites. Its prognostic relevance with different subtypes and other NR expression was also examined in breast cancers. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on totally 1,944 cancers from six different organs. Results PELP1 expression rate was the highest in breast cancers (70.5%) among different cancers. Compared to GATA3, mammaglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, PELP1 was less sensitive than GATA3 for luminal cancers, but was the most sensitive for non-luminal cancers. PELP1 has low expression rate (<20%) in colorectal cancers, gastric cancers and renal cell carcinomas, but higher in lung cancers (49.1%) and ovarian cancers (42.3%). In breast cancer, PELP1 expression was an independent adverse prognostic factor for non-luminal cancers (disease-free survival [DFS]: hazard ratio [HR], 1.403; p=0.012 and breast cancer specific survival [BCSS]: HR, 1.443; p=0.015). Interestingly, its expression affected the prognostication of androgen receptor (AR). ARposPELP1lo luminal cancer showed the best DFS (log-rank=8.563, p=0.036) while ARnegPELP1hi non-luminal cancers showed the worst DFS (log-rank=9.536, p=0.023). Conclusion PELP1 is a sensitive marker for breast cancer, particularly non-luminal cases. However, its considerable expression in lung and ovarian cancers may limit its utility in differential diagnosis in some scenarios. PELP1 expression was associated with poor outcome in non-luminal cancers and modified the prognostic effects of AR, suggesting the potential significance of NR co-regulator in prognostication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Julia Y S Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michelle A Lee
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Bi Ni
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joanna H Tong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siu-Ki Chan
- Department of Pathology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT6 Regulates DNA Methylation and Contributes to Global DNA Hypomethylation in Cancer. Cell Rep 2018; 21:3390-3397. [PMID: 29262320 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation plays crucial roles in chromatin structure and gene expression. Aberrant DNA methylation patterns, including global hypomethylation and regional hypermethylation, are associated with cancer and implicated in oncogenic events. How DNA methylation is regulated in developmental and cellular processes and dysregulated in cancer is poorly understood. Here, we show that PRMT6, a protein arginine methyltransferase responsible for asymmetric dimethylation of histone H3 arginine 2 (H3R2me2a), negatively regulates DNA methylation and that PRMT6 upregulation contributes to global DNA hypomethylation in cancer. Mechanistically, PRMT6 overexpression impairs chromatin association of UHRF1, an accessory factor of DNMT1, resulting in passive DNA demethylation. The effect is likely due to elevated H3R2me2a, which inhibits the interaction between UHRF1 and histone H3. Our work identifies a mechanistic link between protein arginine methylation and DNA methylation, which is disrupted in cancer.
Collapse
|
19
|
Comprehensive landscape of subtype-specific coding and non-coding RNA transcripts in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68851-68863. [PMID: 27634900 PMCID: PMC5356595 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular classification of breast cancer into clinically relevant subtypes helps improve prognosis and adjuvant-treatment decisions. The aim of this study is to provide a better characterization of the molecular subtypes by providing a comprehensive landscape of subtype-specific isoforms including coding, long non-coding RNA and microRNA transcripts. Isoform-level expression of all coding and non-coding RNAs is estimated from RNA-sequence data of 1168 breast samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project. We then search the whole transcriptome systematically for subtype-specific isoforms using a novel algorithm based on a robust quasi-Poisson model. We discover 5451 isoforms specific to single subtypes. A total of 27% of the subtype-specific isoforms have better accuracy in classifying the intrinsic subtypes than that of their corresponding genes. We find three subtype-specific miRNA and 707 subtype-specific long non-coding RNAs. The isoforms from long non-coding RNAs also show high performance for separation between Luminal A and Luminal B subtypes with an AUC of 0.97 in the discovery set and 0.90 in the validation set. In addition, we discover 1500 isoforms preferentially co-expressed in two subtypes, including 369 isoforms co-expressed in both Normal-like and Basal subtypes, which are commonly considered to have distinct ER-receptor status. Finally, analyses at protein level reveal four subtype-specific proteins and two subtype co-expression proteins that successfully validate results from the isoform level.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Histone posttranslational modifications represent a versatile set of epigenetic marks involved not only in dynamic cellular processes, such as transcription and DNA repair, but also in the stable maintenance of repressive chromatin. In this article, we review many of the key and newly identified histone modifications known to be deregulated in cancer and how this impacts function. The latter part of the article addresses the challenges and current status of the epigenetic drug development process as it applies to cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Audia
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Robert M Campbell
- Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
PELP1: Structure, biological function and clinical significance. Gene 2016; 585:128-134. [PMID: 26997260 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a scaffolding protein that functions as a coregulator of several transcription factors and nuclear receptors. Notably, the PELP1 protein has a histone-binding domain, recognizes histone modifications and interacts with several chromatin-modifying complexes. PELP1 serves as a substrate of multitude of kinases, and phosphorylation regulates its functions in various complexes. Further, PELP1 plays essential roles in several pathways including hormonal signaling, cell cycle progression, ribosomal biogenesis, and the DNA damage response. PELP1 expression is upregulated in several cancers, its deregulation contributes to therapy resistance, and it is a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer survival. Recent evidence suggests that PELP1 represents a novel therapeutic target for many hormonal cancers. In this review, we summarized the emerging biological properties and functions of PELP1.
Collapse
|
22
|
Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 mediates estrogen rapid signaling and neuroprotection in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E6673-82. [PMID: 26627258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516729112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
17-β estradiol (E2) has been implicated as neuroprotective in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we provide genetic evidence, using forebrain-specific knockout (FBKO) mice, that proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1), an estrogen receptor coregulator protein, is essential for the extranuclear signaling and neuroprotective actions of E2 in the hippocampal CA1 region after global cerebral ischemia (GCI). E2-mediated extranuclear signaling (including activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt) and antiapoptotic effects [such as attenuation of JNK signaling and increase in phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)] after GCI were compromised in PELP1 FBKO mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that PELP1 interacts with GSK3β, E2 modulates interaction of PELP1 with GSK3β, and PELP1 is a novel substrate for GSK3β. RNA-seq analysis of control and PELP1 FBKO mice after ischemia demonstrated alterations in several genes related to inflammation, metabolism, and survival in PELP1 FBKO mice, as well as a significant reduction in the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, PELP1 FBKO studies revealed that PELP1 is required for E2-mediated neuroprotection and for E2-mediated preservation of cognitive function after GCI. Collectively, our data provide the first direct in vivo evidence, to our knowledge, of an essential role for PELP1 in E2-mediated rapid extranuclear signaling, neuroprotection, and cognitive function in the brain.
Collapse
|
23
|
Estrogens Correlate with PELP1 Expression in ER Positive Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134351. [PMID: 26247365 PMCID: PMC4527840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is an estrogen receptor (ER) coactivator and a proto-oncogene known to be deregulated in endocrine cancers. In breast cancer, PELP1 overexpression has been associated with endocrine therapy resistance. Although PELP1 is known to be regulated by estrogens in vitro, its association with estrogen levels within the tissue of breast cancer patients has not previously been assessed. Here, we determined PELP1 mRNA expression levels in paired samples of normal and malignant breast tissue obtained from 32 postmenopausal and 11 premenopausal women. In the total sample set, PELP1 levels were higher in tumors compared to normal breast tissue (P = 0.041). Among postmenopausal women, PELP1 tumor levels correlated positively with estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) levels in both normal tissue (r = 0.543, P = 0.003 and r = 0.601, P = 0.001, respectively) and plasma (r = 0.392, P = 0.053 and r = 0.403, P = 0.046, respectively). Analyzing all ER+ tumors (n = 26), PELP1 correlated positively with E1 and E2 in tumor tissue (r = 0.562, P = 0.003 and r = 0.411, P = 0.037, respectively) and normal tissue (r = 0.461, P = 0.018 and r = 0.427, P = 0.030, respectively) in addition to plasma E1, E2 and estrone sulphate (E1S) concentrations (r = 0.576, P = 0.003, r = 0.456, P = 0.025 and r = 0.406, P = 0.049, respectively). Finally, PELP1 correlated positively with ER mRNA (ESR1) (r = 0.553, P = 0.026) in ER+ tumors, whereas a negative association between PELP1 and ESR1 (r = -0.733, P = 0.010) was observed in ER- breast tumors. Taken together, tumor PELP1 mRNA expression is associated with estrogen levels in breast cancer, suggesting a potentially important role of PELP1 in ER+ breast cancer growth in vivo.
Collapse
|
24
|
Silipo M, Gautrey H, Tyson-Capper A. Deregulation of splicing factors and breast cancer development. J Mol Cell Biol 2015; 7:388-401. [PMID: 25948865 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjv027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that many genes implicated in the development and progression of breast cancer undergo aberrant alternative splicing events to produce proteins with pro-cancer properties. These changes in alternative splicing can arise from mutations or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the DNA sequences of cancer-related genes, which can strongly affect the activity of splicing factors and influence the splice site choice. However, it is important to note that absence of mutations is not sufficient to prevent misleading choices in splice site selection. There is now increasing evidence to demonstrate that the expression profile of ten splicing factors (including SRs and hnRNPs) and eight RNA-binding proteins changes in breast cancer cells compared with normal cells. These modifications strongly influence the alternative splicing pattern of many cancer-related genes despite the absence of any detrimental mutations within their DNA sequences. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of the splicing factor status in breast cancer is important to provide insights into the mechanisms that lead to breast cancer development and metastasis. Whilst most studies focus on mutations that affect alternative splicing in cancer-related genes, this review focuses on splicing factors and RNA-binding proteins that are themselves deregulated in breast cancer and implicated in cancer-related alternative splicing events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Silipo
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Hannah Gautrey
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Alison Tyson-Capper
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cortez V, Samayoa C, Zamora A, Martinez L, Tekmal RR, Vadlamudi RK. PELP1 overexpression in the mouse mammary gland results in the development of hyperplasia and carcinoma. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7395-405. [PMID: 25377474 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) coregulator overexpression promotes carcinogenesis and/or progression of endocrine related-cancers in which steroid hormones are powerful mitogenic agents. Recent studies in our laboratory, as well as others, demonstrated that the estrogen receptor coregulator PELP1 is a proto-oncogene. PELP1 interactions with histone demethylase KDM1 play a critical role in its oncogenic functions and PELP1 is a prognostic indicator of decreased survival in patients with breast cancer. However, the in vivo significance of PELP1 deregulation during initiation and progression of breast cancer remains unknown. We generated an inducible, mammary gland-specific PELP1-expressing transgenic (Tg) mouse (MMTVrtTA-TetOPELP1). We found more proliferation, extensive side branching, and precocious differentiation in PELP1-overexpressing mammary glands than in control glands. Aged MMTVrtTA-TetOPELP1 Tg mice had hyperplasia and preneoplastic changes as early as 12 weeks, and ER-positive mammary tumors occurred at a latency of 14 to 16 months. Mechanistic studies revealed that PELP1 deregulation altered expression of a number of known ER target genes involved in cellular proliferation (cyclin D1, CDKs) and morphogenesis (EGFR, MMPs) and such changes facilitated altered mammary gland morphogenesis and tumor progression. Furthermore, PELP1 was hyper-phosphorylated at its CDK phosphorylation site, suggesting an autocrine loop involving the CDK-cyclin D1-PELP1 axis in promoting mammary tumorigenesis. Treatment of PELP1 Tg mice with a KDM1 inhibitor significantly reduced PELP1-driven hyperbranching, reversed alterations in cyclin D1 expression levels, and reduced CDK-driven PELP1 phosphorylation. These results further support the hypothesis that PELP1 deregulation has the potential to promote breast tumorigenesis in vivo and represent a novel model for future investigation into molecular mechanisms of PELP1-mediated tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Cortez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Cathy Samayoa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Andrea Zamora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Lizatte Martinez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Cancer Therapy and Research Center, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas. Cancer Therapy and Research Center, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nair BC, Krishnan SR, Sareddy GR, Mann M, Xu B, Natarajan M, Hasty P, Brann D, Tekmal RR, Vadlamudi RK. Proline, glutamic acid and leucine-rich protein-1 is essential for optimal p53-mediated DNA damage response. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1409-18. [PMID: 24786831 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1) is a scaffolding oncogenic protein that functions as a coregulator for a number of nuclear receptors. p53 is an important transcription factor and tumor suppressor that has a critical role in DNA damage response (DDR) including cell cycle arrest, repair or apoptosis. In this study, we found an unexpected role for PELP1 in modulating p53-mediated DDR. PELP1 is phosphorylated at Serine1033 by various DDR kinases like ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related or DNAPKc and this phosphorylation of PELP1 is important for p53 coactivation functions. PELP1-depleted p53 (wild-type) breast cancer cells were less sensitive to various genotoxic agents including etoposide, camptothecin or γ-radiation. PELP1 interacts with p53, functions as p53-coactivator and is required for optimal activation of p53 target genes under genomic stress. Overall, these studies established a new role of PELP1 in DDRs and these findings will have future implications in our understanding of PELP1's role in cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B C Nair
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - S R Krishnan
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - G R Sareddy
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Mann
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - B Xu
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Research Institute, South Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Natarajan
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - P Hasty
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - D Brann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Reagents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R R Tekmal
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - R K Vadlamudi
- University of Texas Health Science Center, and Cancer Therapy and Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mann M, Zou Y, Chen Y, Brann D, Vadlamudi R. PELP1 oncogenic functions involve alternative splicing via PRMT6. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:389-400. [PMID: 24447537 PMCID: PMC3943689 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) is a proto-oncogene that functions as coactivator of the estrogen receptor and is an independent prognostic predictor of shorter survival of breast cancer patients. The dysregulation of PELP1 in breast cancer has been implicated in oncogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Although several aspects of PELP1 have been studied, a complete list of PELP1 target genes remains unknown, and the molecular mechanisms of PELP1 mediated oncogenesis remain elusive. In this study, we have performed a whole genome analysis to profile the PELP1 transcriptome by RNA-sequencing and identified 318 genes as PELP1 regulated genes. Pathway analysis revealed that PELP1 modulates several pathways including the molecular mechanisms of cancer, estrogen signaling, and breast cancer progression. Interestingly, RNA-seq analysis also revealed that PELP1 regulates the expression of several genes involved in alternative splicing. Accordingly, the PELP1 regulated genome includes several uniquely spliced isoforms. Mechanistic studies show that PELP1 binds RNA with a preference to poly-C, co-localizes with the splicing factor SC35 at nuclear speckles, and participates in alternative splicing. Further, PELP1 interacts with the arginine methyltransferase PRMT6 and modifies PRMT6 functions. Inhibition of PRMT6 reduced PELP1-mediated estrogen receptor activation, cellular proliferation, and colony formation. PELP1 and PRMT6 are co-recruited to estrogen receptor target genes, PELP1 knockdown affects the enrichment of histone H3R2 di-methylation, and PELP1 and PRMT6 coordinate to regulate the alternative splicing of genes involved in cancer. Collectively, our data suggest that PELP1 oncogenic functions involve alternative splicing leading to the activation of unique pathways that support tumor progression and that the PELP1-PRMT6 axis may be a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mann
- The Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Yi Zou
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Yidong Chen
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Darrell Brann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Ratna Vadlamudi
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|