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Li X, González-Maroto C, Tavassoli M. Crosstalk between CAFs and tumour cells in head and neck cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:303. [PMID: 38926351 PMCID: PMC11208506 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are amongst the most aggressive, complex, and heterogeneous malignancies. The standard of care treatments for HNC patients include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or their combination. However, around 50% do not benefit while suffering severe toxic side effects, costing the individuals and society. Decades have been spent to improve HNSCC treatment outcomes with only limited success. Much of the research in HNSCC treatment has focused on understanding the genetics of the HNSCC malignant cells, but it has become clear that tumour microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in the progression as well as treatment response in HNSCC. Understanding the crosstalk between cancer cells and TME is crucial for inhibiting progression and treatment resistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the predominant component of stroma in HNSCC, serve as the primary source of extra-cellular matrix (ECM) and various pro-tumoral composites in TME. The activation of CAFs in HNSCC is primarily driven by cancer cell-secreted molecules, which in turn induce phenotypic changes, elevated secretive status, and altered ECM production profile. Concurrently, CAFs play a pivotal role in modulating the cell cycle, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and resistance to targeted and chemoradiotherapy in HNSCC cells. This modulation occurs through interactions with secreted molecules or direct contact with the ECM or CAF. Co-culture and 3D models of tumour cells and other TME cell types allows to mimic the HNSCC tumour milieu and enable modulating tumour hypoxia and reprograming cancer stem cells (CSC). This review aims to provide an update on the development of HNSCC tumour models comprising CAFs to obtain better understanding of the interaction between CAFs and tumour cells, and for providing preclinical testing platforms of current and combination with emerging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Li
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Celia González-Maroto
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mahvash Tavassoli
- Head and Neck Oncology Group, Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction, King's College London, Hodgkin Building, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Liang H, Xu Y, Zhao J, Chen M, Wang M. Hippo pathway in non-small cell lung cancer: mechanisms, potential targets, and biomarkers. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:652-666. [PMID: 38499647 PMCID: PMC11101353 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary contributor to cancer-related deaths globally, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes around 85% of all lung cancer cases. Recently, the emergence of targeted therapy and immunotherapy revolutionized the treatment of NSCLC and greatly improved patients' survival. However, drug resistance is inevitable, and extensive research has demonstrated that the Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in the development of drug resistance in NSCLC. The Hippo pathway is a highly conserved signaling pathway that is essential for various biological processes, including organ development, maintenance of epithelial balance, tissue regeneration, wound healing, and immune regulation. This pathway exerts its effects through two key transcription factors, namely Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). They regulate gene expression by interacting with the transcriptional-enhanced associate domain (TEAD) family. In recent years, this pathway has been extensively studied in NSCLC. The review summarizes a comprehensive overview of the involvement of this pathway in NSCLC, and discusses the mechanisms of drug resistance, potential targets, and biomarkers associated with this pathway in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Biswal P, Sahu MR, Ahmad MH, Mondal AC. The interplay between hippo signaling and mitochondrial metabolism: Implications for cellular homeostasis and disease. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101885. [PMID: 38643865 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the membrane-bound organelles producing energy for cellular metabolic processes. They orchestrate diverse cell signaling cascades regulating cellular homeostasis. This functional versatility may be attributed to their ability to regulate mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and apoptosis. The Hippo pathway, a conserved signaling pathway, regulates various cellular processes, including mitochondrial functions. Through its effectors YAP and TAZ, the Hippo pathway regulates transcription factors and creates a seriatim process that mediates cellular metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and survival. Mitochondrial dynamics also potentially regulates Hippo signaling activation, indicating a bidirectional relationship between the two. This review outlines the interplay between the Hippo signaling components and the multifaceted role of mitochondria in cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Biswal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Sahu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Hilal Ahmad
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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4
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Rodrigo JP, Rodríguez-Santamarta T, Corte D, García-de-la-Fuente V, Rodríguez-Torres N, Lequerica-Fernández P, Lorz C, García-Pedrero JM, de Vicente JC. Hippo-YAP signaling activation and cross-talk with PI3K in oral cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Oral Dis 2024; 30:149-162. [PMID: 35951471 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the clinical and prognostic relevance of the Hippo-YAP transactivators YAP1 and TAZ in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and their possible relationship with PI3K/mTOR pathway activation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of YAP1, TAZ, PIK3CA (p110α), p-AKT (Ser473), and p-S6 (Ser235) was performed in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 165 OSCC patients. Correlations between protein expression and clinical data were further assessed. RESULTS YAP1 expression was detected in both cytoplasm and nucleus of tumor cells, whereas TAZ expression was only found in the nucleus. Nuclear YAP1 was significantly associated with tumor size (p = 0.03), neck lymph node metastasis (p = 0.02), TNM stage (p = 0.02), and poor differentiation (p = 0.04). Nuclear TAZ was associated with tobacco (p = 0.03) and alcohol consumption (p = 0.04), and poor tumor differentiation (p = 0.04). There was a positive significant correlation between nuclear and cytoplasmic YAP1, nuclear TAZ, p110α expression, and mTORC1 activation p-S6 (S235). Combined expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic YAP1 was prognostic in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Active nuclear YAP1 was significantly and independently associated with poor disease-specific (p = 0.005, HR = 2.520; 95% CI = 1.319-4.816) and overall survival (p = 0.015, HR = 2.126; 95% CI = 1.155-3.916). CONCLUSION Nuclear YAP1 is an independent predictor of poor survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Rodrigo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Rodríguez-Santamarta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniela Corte
- Tumor Biobank Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vanessa García-de-la-Fuente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nerea Rodríguez-Torres
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paloma Lequerica-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Corina Lorz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Oncology Unit, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
- Research Institute 12 de Octubre i+12, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C de Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Surgery, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
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Zhang W, Zhou R, Liu X, You L, Chen C, Ye X, Liu J, Liang Y. Key role of exosomes derived from M2 macrophages in maintaining cancer cell stemness (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:126. [PMID: 37711063 PMCID: PMC10609468 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a specific subset of cells found within tumors that are responsible for initiating, advancing and resisting traditional cancer treatments. M2 macrophages, also known as alternatively activated macrophages, contribute to the development and progression of cancer through their involvement in promoting angiogenesis, suppressing the immune system, supporting tumor growth and facilitating metastasis. Exosomes, tiny vesicles released by cells, play a crucial role in intercellular communications and have been shown to be associated with cancer development and progression by influencing the immune response; thus, they may serve as markers for diagnosis and prognosis. Currently, investigating the impact of exosomes derived from M2 macrophages on the maintenance of CSCs is a crucial area of research with the aim of developing novel therapeutic strategies to target this process and improve outcomes for individuals with cancer. Understanding the biological functions of exosomes derived from M2 macrophages and their involvement in cancer may lead to the formulation of novel diagnostic tools and treatments for this disease. By targeting M2 macrophages and the exosomes they secrete, promising prospects emerge for cancer treatment, given their substantial contribution to cancer development and progression. Further research is required to fully grasp the intricate interactions between CSCs, M2 macrophages and exosomes in cancer, and to identify fresh targets for cancer therapy. The present review explores the pivotal roles played by exosomes derived from M2 cells in maintaining the stem‑like properties of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Ruiping Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Lin You
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
| | - Youde Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
- Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518081, P.R. China
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Kumar M, Jha AK. Exploring the potential of dietary factors and plant extracts as chemopreventive agents in oral squamous cell carcinoma treatment. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1246873. [PMID: 37859687 PMCID: PMC10582632 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1246873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer, particularly oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a prevalent malignancy having a significant fatality rate worldwide. Despite advancements in conventional treatment modalities, the overall survival rate for OSCC remains low. Therefore, there is a critical need to explore alternative therapeutic approaches that can improve patient outcomes. This review focuses on the potential of dietary factors and plant extracts as chemopreventive agents in treating oral cancer. These compounds possess diverse biological functions encompassing a range of attributes, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer capabilities. By targeting multiple cellular pathways involved in carcinogenesis, they possess the capacity to hinder tumor growth and development, promote programmed cell death, and impede the progression of oral cancer. Signaling pathways targeted by natural compounds that have been included in this review include Akt/mTOR/NF-κB signaling, Hippo-Tafazzin signaling pathway, notch signaling pathway, mitochondrial pathway, and Sonic Hedgehog pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhimanyu Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
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7
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Thrash HL, Pendergast AM. Multi-Functional Regulation by YAP/TAZ Signaling Networks in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4701. [PMID: 37835395 PMCID: PMC10572014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activators, YES-associated protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-Activator with PDZ Binding Motif (TAZ), have both been linked to tumor progression and metastasis. These two proteins possess overlapping and distinct functions, and their activities lead to the expression of genes involved in multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and migration. The dysregulation of YAP/TAZ-dependent cellular processes can result in altered tumor growth and metastasis. In addition to their well-documented roles in the regulation of cancer cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion, the YAP/TAZ-dependent signaling pathways have been more recently implicated in cellular processes that promote metastasis and therapy resistance in several solid tumor types. This review highlights the role of YAP/TAZ signaling networks in the regulation of tumor cell plasticity mediated by hybrid and reversible epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) states, and the promotion of cancer stem cell/progenitor phenotypes. Mechanistically, YAP and TAZ regulate these cellular processes by targeting transcriptional networks. In this review, we detail recently uncovered mechanisms whereby YAP and TAZ mediate tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance, and discuss new therapeutic strategies to target YAP/TAZ function in various solid tumor types. Understanding the distinct and overlapping roles of YAP and TAZ in multiple cellular processes that promote tumor progression to metastasis is expected to enable the identification of effective therapies to treat solid tumors through the hyper-activation of YAP and TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Tan Y, Wang Z, Xu M, Li B, Huang Z, Qin S, Nice EC, Tang J, Huang C. Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:44. [PMID: 37736748 PMCID: PMC10517027 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) develops on the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 90% of oral malignancies and impairs appearance, pronunciation, swallowing, and flavor perception. In 2020, 377,713 OSCC cases were reported globally. According to the Global Cancer Observatory (GCO), the incidence of OSCC will rise by approximately 40% by 2040, accompanied by a growth in mortality. Persistent exposure to various risk factors, including tobacco, alcohol, betel quid (BQ), and human papillomavirus (HPV), will lead to the development of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), which are oral mucosal lesions with an increased risk of developing into OSCC. Complex and multifactorial, the oncogenesis process involves genetic alteration, epigenetic modification, and a dysregulated tumor microenvironment. Although various therapeutic interventions, such as chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, and nanomedicine, have been proposed to prevent or treat OSCC and OPMDs, understanding the mechanism of malignancies will facilitate the identification of therapeutic and prognostic factors, thereby improving the efficacy of treatment for OSCC patients. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in OSCC. Moreover, the current therapeutic interventions and prognostic methods for OSCC and OPMDs are discussed to facilitate comprehension and provide several prospective outlooks for the fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengtong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
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Rocchetti MT, Bellanti F, Zadorozhna M, Fiocco D, Mangieri D. Multi-Faceted Role of Luteolin in Cancer Metastasis: EMT, Angiogenesis, ECM Degradation and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108824. [PMID: 37240168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone), a member of the flavonoid family derived from plants and fruits, shows a wide range of biomedical applications. In fact, due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, Asian medicine has been using luteolin for centuries to treat several human diseases, including arthritis, rheumatism, hypertension, neurodegenerative disorders and various infections. Of note, luteolin displays many anti-cancer/anti-metastatic properties. Thus, the purpose of this review consists in highlighting the relevant mechanisms by which luteolin inhibits tumor progression in metastasis, i.e., affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), repressing angiogenesis and lysis of extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bellanti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariia Zadorozhna
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenica Mangieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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10
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Mahmoudian RA, Akhlaghipour I, Lotfi M, Shahidsales S, Moghbeli M. Circular RNAs as the pivotal regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gastrointestinal tumor cells. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154472. [PMID: 37087995 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, as the most common human malignancies are always considered one of the most important health challenges in the world. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages is one of the main reasons for the high mortality rate and treatment failure in these patients. Therefore, investigating the molecular pathways involved in GI tumor progression is required to introduce the efficient markers for the early tumor diagnosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the main cellular mechanisms involved in the GI tumor metastasis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of the main regulatory factors in EMT process. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of covalently closed loop ncRNAs that have higher stability in body fluids compared with other ncRNAs. Considering the importance of circRNAs in regulation of EMT process, in the present review we discussed the role of circRNAs in EMT process during GI tumor invasion. It has been reported that circRNAs mainly affect the EMT process through the regulation of EMT-specific transcription factors and signaling pathways such as WNT, PI3K/AKT, TGF-β, and MAPK. This review can be an effective step in introducing a circRNA/EMT based diagnostic panel marker for the early tumor detection among GI cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Alsadat Mahmoudian
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Iman Akhlaghipour
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Lotfi
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Jiang Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang W, Liu L, Cheng J. Prognostic role of CD11b + myeloid-derived suppressor cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Med Sci 2023; 19:171-179. [PMID: 36817676 PMCID: PMC9897095 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/116683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are critically involved in cancer immune suppression and MDSC density has been recognized as a robust prognostic biomarker. Here, we sought to characterize the densities and locations of CD11b+ MDSCs in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and determine their prognostic significance. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 144 eligible OSCC samples from a tertiary referral oral cancer center were retrospectively collected. Intensities of CD11b+ MDSCs at the tumor center (CT) and invasive margin (IM) in OSCC samples were detected by immunohistochemistry and automatically quantified using Image J software. The optimal cutoff values for CD11b CT and CD11b IM were determined by X-tile based on overall survival. The associations between CD11b+ MDSCs and clinicopathological parameters were assessed by the χ2 test. The prognostic value of CD11b+ MDSCs was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier plots, Cox regression analyses and receiver operating characteristics curves. RESULTS High density of CD11b+ MDSCs at CT or IM was significantly associated with inferior overall and disease-free survival (Kaplan-Meir, p < 0.05, log-rank test). CD11b CT and CD11b IM were identified as independent prognostic predictors for patient survival. The prediction accuracy and specificity of CD11b CT and CD11b IM were superior to other prognostic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that increased densities of CD11b+ MDSCs in CT and IM regions were significantly associated with poor prognoses, which might be novel prognostic factors for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Laikui Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Fu M, Hu Y, Lan T, Guan KL, Luo T, Luo M. The Hippo signalling pathway and its implications in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:376. [PMID: 36347846 PMCID: PMC9643504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As an evolutionarily conserved signalling network, the Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in the regulation of numerous biological processes. Thus, substantial efforts have been made to understand the upstream signals that influence the activity of the Hippo pathway, as well as its physiological functions, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, organ growth, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration/wound healing. However, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway can cause a variety of diseases, including cancer, eye diseases, cardiac diseases, pulmonary diseases, renal diseases, hepatic diseases, and immune dysfunction. Therefore, therapeutic strategies that target dysregulated Hippo components might be promising approaches for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, we review the key components and upstream signals of the Hippo pathway, as well as the critical physiological functions controlled by the Hippo pathway. Additionally, diseases associated with alterations in the Hippo pathway and potential therapies targeting Hippo components will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyang Fu
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology Nursing, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxia Lan
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ting Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
| | - Min Luo
- Breast Disease Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, South of Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Kuo YZ, Kang YR, Chang WL, Sim LCL, Hsieh TC, Chang CH, Wang YC, Tsai CJ, Huang LC, Tsai ST, Wu LW. YAP1 acts as a negative regulator of pro-tumor TAZ expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Oncol 2022; 45:893-909. [PMID: 35930163 PMCID: PMC9579103 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although YAP1 and TAZ are believed to be equivalent downstream effectors of the Hippo pathway, differential expression of YAP1 or TAZ suggests distinct functions during cancer progression. The exact role of YAP1 and TAZ in esophageal cancer, the 6th leading cancer-related mortality in the world, remains elusive. Methods Following single or double manipulation of YAP1 or TAZ expression, we subjected these manipulated cells to proliferation, migration, invasion, and xenograft tumorigenesis assays. We used RT-qPCR and Western blotting to examine their expression in the manipulated cells with or without inhibition of transcription or translation. We also examined the impact of YAP1 or TAZ deregulation on clinical outcome of esophageal cancer patients from the TCGA database. Results We found that YAP1 functions as a tumor suppressor whereas TAZ exerts pro-tumor functions in esophageal cancer cells. We also found a significant increase in TAZ mRNA expression upon YAP1 depletion, but not vice versa, despite the downregulation of CTGF and CYR61, shared targets of YAP1 and TAZ, in xenografted tissue cells. In addition to transcriptional regulation, YAP1-mediated TAZ expression was found to occur via protein synthesis. Restored TAZ expression mitigated YAP1-mediated suppression of cellular behavior. By contrast, TAZ silencing reduced the promoting effect exerted by YAP1 depletion on cellular behaviors. The observed anti-tumor function of YAP1 was further supported by a better overall survival among esophageal cancer patients with a high YAP1 expression. Conclusion From our data we conclude that YAP1 functions as a suppressor and negatively regulates pro-tumor TAZ expression via transcriptional and translational control in esophageal cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13402-022-00695-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zih Kuo
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ya-Rong Kang
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Lun Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, 70428, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lydia Chin-Ling Sim
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzu-Chin Hsieh
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chu-Han Chang
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Jung Tsai
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sen-Tien Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Li-Wha Wu
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Laboratory Science and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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The deubiquitinase USP7 promotes HNSCC progression via deubiquitinating and stabilizing TAZ. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:677. [PMID: 35931679 PMCID: PMC9356134 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated abundance, location and transcriptional output of Hippo signaling effector TAZ have been increasingly linked to human cancers including head neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). TAZ is subjected to ubiquitination and degradation mediated by E3 ligase β-TRCP. However, the deubiquitinating enzymes and mechanisms responsible for its protein stability remain underexplored. Here, we exploited customized deubiquitinases siRNA and cDNA library screen strategies and identified USP7 as a bona fide TAZ deubiquitinase in HNSCC. USP7 promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro and tumor growth by stabilizing TAZ. Mechanistically, USP7 interacted with, deubiquitinated and stabilized TAZ by selectively removing its K48-linked ubiquitination chain independent of canonical Hippo kinase cascade. USP7 potently antagonized β-TRCP-mediated ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of TAZ and enhanced its nuclear retention and transcriptional output. Importantly, overexpression of USP7 correlated with TAZ upregulation, tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in HNSCC patients. Pharmacological inhibition of USP7 significantly suppressed tumor growth in both xenograft and PDX models. Collectively, these findings identify USP7 as an essential regulator of TAZ and define USP7-TAZ signaling axis as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HNSCC.
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15
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Fujibayashi E, Mukai S, Torigata K, Ando Y, Uchihashi T, Nozaki M, Tanaka S, Okada M, Kogo M, Nojima H, Yabuta N. LATS kinases and SLUG regulate the transition to advanced stage in aggressive oral cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12363. [PMID: 35859006 PMCID: PMC9300623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process by which cancer cells acquire malignant features. However, the molecular mechanism and functional implications of EMT and the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in tumor progression remain elusive. In this study, we established two aggressive cancer cell lines from the human oral cancer cell line SAS, mesenchymal-like SAS-m4 and epithelial-like SAS-δ. SAS-δ is a revertant cell obtained by inducing MET in SAS-m4. SAS-δ, but not SAS-m4, exhibited abnormal cell growth, including piled-up overgrowth and invasive tumor formation in the tongues of nude mice, suggesting that SAS-δ represented more advanced cancer cells than the parental SAS cells. EMT-related transcriptional factor SLUG is phosphorylated at T208 and partly stabilized by the Hippo pathway kinases, LATS1 and LATS2. Depletion of SLUG promoted the invasive activity of SAS-δ by increasing the protein levels of LATS1/2 and the proportion of the phosphorylated form among total SLUG protein. Our results suggest that the LATS1/2-SLUG axis regulates the transition of SAS cells to the advanced stage via repeated switching between EMT and MET. Therefore, an anti-SLUG-pT208 antibody would be valuable not alone as a malignant tumor marker antibody but also as a prognostic tool for patients with malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Fujibayashi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Satomi Mukai
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan ,grid.410800.d0000 0001 0722 8444Division of Cancer Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi 464-8681 Japan
| | - Kosuke Torigata
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Yumi Ando
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Toshihiro Uchihashi
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Masami Nozaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan ,grid.412378.b0000 0001 1088 0812Present Address: Second Department of Oral and Mexilllofacial Surgery, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121 Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mikihiko Kogo
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nojima
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan
| | - Norikazu Yabuta
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Molecular Genetics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 3-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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Wang Y, Nie H, Li H, Liao Z, Yang X, He X, Ma J, Zhou J, Ou C. The Hippo Pathway Effector Transcriptional Co-activator With PDZ-Binding Motif Correlates With Clinical Prognosis and Immune Infiltration in Colorectal Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:888093. [PMID: 35865173 PMCID: PMC9295930 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.888093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway. It has been identified as an oncogene in certain tumor types; however, the function and role of TAZ in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been illustrated. Here, we aimed to analyze the expression and role of TAZ in CRC. In this study, we investigated the expression level of TAZ in 127 CRC and matched adjacent normal tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyzed its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics in CRC. Moreover, we further analyzed the role of TAZ in the CRC-associated immunology using integrative bioinformatic analyses. The cBioPortal and WebGestalt database were used to analyze the co-expressed genes and related pathways of TAZ in CRC by gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses. Meanwhile, the correlations between TAZ and the infiltrating immune cells and gene markers were analyzed by TIMER database. Our study revealed that TAZ expression is higher in CRC tissues than in matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. In addition, CRC patients with higher TAZ expression demonstrated poor overall survival (OS) and recurrent-free survival rates as compared to CRC patients with lower expression of TAZ. Furthermore, the TAZ expression was identified to closely associate with the immune infiltration of CD4 + T, CD8 + T, and B cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that TAZ may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Nie
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Pathology, Rizhao City People’s Hospital, Rizhao, China
| | - Zhiming Liao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chunlin Ou,
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17
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Li Z, Wu X, Li J, Yu S, Ke X, Yan T, Zhu Y, Cheng J, Yang J. HMGA2-Snai2 axis regulates tumorigenicity and stemness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113271. [PMID: 35764101 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a tumorigenic cell subpopulation, which contributes to treatment resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying molecular targets of high mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in the progression and CSCs regulation of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HMGA2 mRNA and protein expression levels were examined in HNSCC specimens and cells by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. The roles of HMGA2 were validated via loss-of-function and exogenous overexpression experiments in vitro and in vivo, and CSCs properties were assessed by tumorsphere formation assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays provided further insight into the molecular mechanisms by which HMGA2 regulates stemness. HMGA2 was abnormally overexpressed in HNSCC, and it promoted the expression of the CSCs markers including SOX2, CD133, CD44, ALDH1A1, and Bmi1. HMGA2 was correlated with stemness, malignant progression, and reduced survival in HNSCC. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that Snai2 was a direct downstream target gene of HMGA2. Mechanistically, ChIP-qPCR assay showed that HMGA2 was recruited to three binding sites on the Snai2 promoter, directly facilitating the transcription of Snai2 in HNSCC. Snai2 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of HMGA2 interference on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HNSCC and CSC marker expression in vitro and in vivo. HMGA2 promoted the malignant progression of HNSCC and acquired CSCs properties through direct regulation of Snai2, thereby suggesting that targeting the HMGA2-Snai2 axis might be a promising therapeutic strategy for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwu Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijin Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueping Ke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingyuan Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumin Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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He J, Chen S, Yu T, Chen W, Huang J, Peng C, Ding Y. Harmine suppresses breast cancer cell migration and invasion by regulating TAZ-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:2612-2626. [PMID: 35812064 PMCID: PMC9251681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly lethal disease due to cancer metastasis. Harmine (HM), a β-carboline alkaloid, is present in various medicinal plants. Our previous study demonstrated that HM suppresses cell proliferation and migration by regulating TAZ in breast cancer cells and accelerates apoptosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the development of breast cancer by inducing the characteristics of cancer stem cells, cancer metastasis and recurrence. Overexpression of TAZ was shown to mediate EMT in breast cancer cells. We aimed to investigate whether HM inhibits EMT and metastasis of breast cancer cells by targeting TAZ. In this study, the cells treated with HM or with downregulated expression of TAZ showed an increase in epithelial markers and decrease in mesenchymal markers in breast cancer cells. Consistently, the breast cancer cells treated with HM or with downregulated expression of TAZ showed suppressed migration and proliferation. Moreover, TAZ overexpression reversed EMT and metastasis induced by HM in breast cancer cells. Thus, HM suppresses EMT and metastasis and invasion by targeting TAZ in breast cancer cells. HM can be used as an anticancer drug for breast cancer treatment and chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong He
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei ProvinceHubei, China
- Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei ProvinceHubei, China
- Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Humanwell Healthcare (Group) Co., Ltd.Wuhan 430075, Hubei, China
| | - Weiqun Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei ProvinceHubei, China
- Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei ProvinceHubei, China
- Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Caixia Peng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei ProvinceHubei, China
- Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430014, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis of Hubei ProvinceHubei, China
- Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430014, Hubei, China
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19
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Akrida I, Bravou V, Papadaki H. The deadly cross-talk between Hippo pathway and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10065-10076. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Huldani H, Jasim SA, Sergeenva KN, Bokov DO, Abdelbasset WK, Turakulov R, Al-Gazally ME, Ahmadzadeh B, Jawhar ZH, Siahmansouri H. Mechanisms of cancer stem cells drug resistance and the pivotal role of HMGA2. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 234:153906. [PMID: 35468338 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the focus of researchers is on perceiving the heterogeneity observed in a tumor. The researchers studied the role of a specific subset of cancer cells with high resistance to traditional treatments, recurrence, and unregulated metastasis. This small population of tumor cells that have stem-cell-like specifications was named Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). The unique features that distinguish this type of cancer cell are self-renewing, generating clones of the tumor, plasticity, recurrence, and resistance to therapies. There are various mechanisms that contribute to the drug resistance of CSCs, such as CSCs markers, Epithelial mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, other cells, inflammation, and signaling pathways. Recent investigations have revealed the primary role of HMGA2 in the development and invasion of cancer cells. Importantly, HMGA2 also plays a key role in resistance to treatment through their function in the drug resistance mechanisms of CSCs and challenge it. Therefore, a deep understanding of this issue can provide a clearer perspective for researchers in the face of this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huldani Huldani
- Department of Physiology, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Borneo, Indonesia
| | - Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar-Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Klunko Nataliya Sergeenva
- Department of post-graduate and doctoral programs, Russian New University, Building 5, Radio Street, Moscow City, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., Bldg. 2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rustam Turakulov
- Department of Internal diseases, Tashkent Medical Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Behnam Ahmadzadeh
- Doctoral School of the University of Szczecin, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Zanko Hassan Jawhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Lebanese French University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Homayoon Siahmansouri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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21
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Faraji F, Ramirez SI, Anguiano Quiroz PY, Mendez-Molina AN, Gutkind JS. Genomic Hippo Pathway Alterations and Persistent YAP/TAZ Activation: New Hallmarks in Head and Neck Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1370. [PMID: 35456049 PMCID: PMC9028246 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a highly prevalent and deadly malignancy worldwide. The prognosis for locoregionally advanced HNSCC has not appreciably improved over the past 30 years despite advances in surgical, radiation, and targeted therapies and less than 20% of HNSCC patients respond to recently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors. The Hippo signaling pathway, originally discovered as a mechanism regulating tissue growth and organ size, transduces intracellular and extracellular signals to regulate the transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ. Alterations in the Hippo pathway resulting in persistent YAP and TAZ activation have emerged as major oncogenic drivers. Our analysis of the human HNSCC oncogenome revealed multiple genomic alterations impairing Hippo signaling and activating YAP and TAZ, which in turn contribute to HNSCC development. This includes mutations and deletions of the FAT1 gene (29%) and amplification of the WWTR1 (encoding TAZ, 14%) and YAP1 genes (8%), together representing one of the most genetically altered signaling mechanisms in this malignancy. Here, we discuss key elements of the mammalian Hippo pathway, detail mechanisms by which perturbations in Hippo signaling promote HNSCC initiation and progression and outline emerging strategies to target Hippo signaling vulnerabilities as part of novel multimodal precision therapies for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhoud Faraji
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Sydney I. Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
- Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - J. Silvio Gutkind
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
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22
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The Hippo pathway in cancer: YAP/TAZ and TEAD as therapeutic targets in cancer. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:197-222. [PMID: 35119068 PMCID: PMC8819670 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a highly complex process, involving many interrelated and cross-acting signalling pathways. One such pathway that has garnered much attention in the field of cancer research over the last decade is the Hippo signalling pathway. Consisting of two antagonistic modules, the pathway plays an integral role in both tumour suppressive and oncogenic processes, generally via regulation of a diverse set of genes involved in a range of biological functions. This review discusses the history of the pathway within the context of cancer and explores some of the most recent discoveries as to how this critical transducer of cellular signalling can influence cancer progression. A special focus is on the various recent efforts to therapeutically target the key effectors of the pathway in both preclinical and clinical settings.
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23
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Identification, Culture and Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020184. [PMID: 35207472 PMCID: PMC8879966 DOI: 10.3390/life12020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance, tumor progression, and metastasis are features that are frequently seen in cancer that have been associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells are a promising target in the future of cancer therapy but remain largely unknown. Deregulation of pathways that govern stemness in non-tumorigenic stem cells (SCs), such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways, has been described in CSC pathogenesis, but it is necessary to conduct further studies to discover potential new therapeutic targets. In addition, some markers for the identification and characterization of CSCs have been suggested, but the search for specific CSC markers in many cancer types is still under development. In addition, methods for CSC cultivation are also under development, with great heterogeneity existing in the protocols used. This review focuses on the most recent aspects of the identification, characterization, cultivation, and targeting of human CSCs, highlighting the advances achieved in the clinical implementation of therapies targeting CSCs and remarking those potential areas where more research is still required.
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24
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Ahmad US, Parkinson EK, Wan H. Desmoglein-3 induces YAP phosphorylation and inactivation during collective migration of oral carcinoma cells. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:1625-1649. [PMID: 35000271 PMCID: PMC9019900 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the Hippo-YAP pathway are potential targets for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) therapy, but heterogeneity in this pathway could be responsible for therapeutic resistance. We analysed the Hippo-YAP signatures in a cohort of characterised keratinocyte cell lines derived from the mouth floor and buccal mucosa from different stages of OSCC tumour progression and focused on the specific role of YAP on invasive and metastatic potential. We confirmed heterogeneity in the Hippo-YAP pathway in OSCC lines, including overexpression of YAP1, WWTR1 (often referred to as TAZ) and the major Hippo signalling components, as well as the variations in the genes encoding the intercellular anchoring junctional proteins, which could potentially regulate the Hippo pathway. Specifically, desmoglein-3 (DSG3) exhibits a unique and mutually exclusive regulation of YAP via YAP phosphorylation during the collective migration of OSCC cells. Mechanistically, such regulation is associated with inhibition of phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (S695/Y1086) and its downstream effectors heat shock protein beta-1 (Hsp27) (S78/S82) and transcription factor AP-1 (c-Jun) (S63), leading to YAP phosphorylation coupled with its cytoplasmic translocation and inactivation. Additionally, OSCC lines display distinct phenotypes of YAP dependency or a mixed YAP and TAZ dependency for cell migration, and present distinct patterns in YAP abundance and activity, with the latter being associated with YAP nuclear localisation. In conclusion, this study has provided evidence for a newly identified paradigm in the Hippo-YAP pathway and suggests a new regulation mechanism involved in the control of collective migration in OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts and The London, London, UK
| | - Eric Kenneth Parkinson
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts and The London, London, UK
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Barts and The London, London, UK
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25
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Zahra MH, Nawara HM, Hassan G, Afify SM, Seno A, Seno M. Cancer Stem Cells Contribute to Drug Resistance in Multiple Different Ways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1393:125-139. [PMID: 36587305 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many tumors are resistant to conventional cancer therapies because a tumor is composed of heterogeneous cell population. Especially, subpopulation of cancer stem cells, which have self-renewal and differentiation properties and responsible for the tumor initiation, is generally considered resistant to chemo-, radio-, and immune therapy. Understanding the mechanism of drug resistance in cancer stem cells should lead to establish more effective therapeutic strategies. Actually, different molecular mechanisms are conceivable for cancer stem cells acquiring drug resistance. These mechanisms include not only cytoplasmic signaling pathways but also the intercellular communications in the tumor microenvironment. Recently, a great deal of successful reports challenged to elucidate the mechanisms of drug resistance and to develop novel treatments targeting cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram H Zahra
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Genomic Oncology and Oral Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Said M Afify
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum-Menoufia, Shebeen El-Kom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Laboratory of Natural Food & Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Laboratory of Natural Food & Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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26
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Ebrahimi N, Adelian S, Shakerian S, Afshinpour M, Chaleshtori SR, Rostami N, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Crosstalk between ferroptosis and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition: implications for inflammation and cancer therapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 64:33-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Joshi J, Patel H, Bhavnagari H, Tarapara B, Pandit A, Shah F. Eliminating Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Oral Cancer by Targeting Elementary Signaling Pathways. Crit Rev Oncog 2022; 27:65-82. [PMID: 37199303 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2022047207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer is a heterogeneous, aggressive, and complex entity. Current major treatment options for the disease are surgery, chemo, and/or radiotherapy either alone or in combination with each other. Each treatment method has its own limitations such as a significant journey with deformities and a protracted rehabilitation process leading to loss of self-esteem, loss of tolerance, and therapeutic side effects. Conventional therapies are frequently experienced with regimen resistance and recurrence attributed to the cancer stem cells (CSCs). Given that CSCs exert their tumorigenesis by affecting several cellular and molecular targets and pathways an improved understanding of CSCs' actions is required. Hence, more research is recommended to fully understand the fundamental mechanisms driving CSC-mediated treatment resistance. Despite the difficulties and disagreements surrounding the removal of CSCs from solid tumors, a great amount of knowledge has been derived from the characterization of CSCs. Various efforts have been made to identify the CSCs using several cell surface markers. In the current review, we will discuss numerous cell surface markers such as CD44, ALDH1, EPCAM, CD24, CD133, CD271, CD90, and Cripto-1 for identifying and isolating CSCs from primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Further, a spectrum of embryonic signaling pathways has been thought to be the main culprit of CSCs' active state in cancers, resulting in conventional therapeutic resistance. Hence, we discuss the functional and molecular bases of several signaling pathways such as the Wnt/beta;-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, and Hippo pathways and their associations with disease aggressiveness. Moreover, numerous inhibitors targeting the above mentioned signaling pathways have already been identified and some of them are already undergoing clinical trials. Hence, the present review encapsulates the characterization and effectiveness of the prospective potential targeted therapies for eradicating CSCs in oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigna Joshi
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitarth Patel
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hunayna Bhavnagari
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomi Tarapara
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Apexa Pandit
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Franky Shah
- Molecular Diagnostic and Research Lab-III, Department of Cancer Biology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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28
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The YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway in the Tumor Microenvironment and Carcinogenesis: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Promises. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010430. [PMID: 35008857 PMCID: PMC8745604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The yes-associated protein (YAP) and the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators, members of the Hippo signaling pathway, which play a critical role in cell growth regulation, embryonic development, regeneration, proliferation, and cancer origin and progression. The mechanism involves the nuclear binding of the un-phosphorylated YAP/TAZ complex to release the transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) from its repressors. The active ternary complex is responsible for the aforementioned biological effects. Overexpression of YAP/TAZ has been reported in cancer stem cells and tumor resistance. The resistance involves chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. This review provides an overview of YAP/TAZ pathways’ role in carcinogenesis and tumor microenvironment. Potential therapeutic alternatives are also discussed.
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29
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Barra Avila D, Melendez-Alvarez JR, Tian XJ. Control of tissue homeostasis, tumorigenesis, and degeneration by coupled bidirectional bistable switches. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009606. [PMID: 34797839 PMCID: PMC8641876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway plays a critical role in tissue homeostasis, tumorigenesis, and degeneration disorders. The regulation of YAP/TAZ levels is controlled by a complex regulatory network, where several feedback loops have been identified. However, it remains elusive how these feedback loops contain the YAP/TAZ levels and maintain the system in a healthy physiological state or trap the system in pathological conditions. Here, a mathematical model was developed to represent the YAP/TAZ regulatory network. Through theoretical analyses, three distinct states that designate the one physiological and two pathological outcomes were found. The transition from the physiological state to the two pathological states is mechanistically controlled by coupled bidirectional bistable switches, which are robust to parametric variation and stochastic fluctuations at the molecular level. This work provides a mechanistic understanding of the regulation and dysregulation of YAP/TAZ levels in tissue state transitions. Tissue development and homeostasis require well-controlled cell proliferation. Lack of this control could lead to degenerative or tumorigenic diseases. Signaling pathways have been explored in promoting or inhibiting these diseases. The Hippo signaling pathway is one of these, which has been found to control tissue homeostasis and organ size through cell proliferation and apoptosis, as evidenced by extensive experimental data. However, the question remains of how tissue can transition from a homeostatic state to either a degenerative or tumorigenic state. By theoretically analyzing a mathematical model of its regulatory network, we present a mechanism that underlies Hippo signaling to control tissue transition from a homeostatic state to a disease state. This provides us with a mechanistic understanding of how the parts of the regulatory network are coordinated for the transitions between the homeostasis state and the disease states. In addition, we looked at the role of system noise and found that it could promote the transition to one of the disease states. Our model allows for experimental hypotheses to be generated and could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies by targeting the Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Barra Avila
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Juan R. Melendez-Alvarez
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Jun Tian
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Li J, Yan T, Wu X, Ke X, Li X, Zhu Y, Yang J, Li Z. Aberrant overexpression of transcription factor Forkhead box D1 predicts poor prognosis and promotes cancer progression in HNSCC. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1205. [PMID: 34772357 PMCID: PMC8588630 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Forkhead box D1, the core transcription factor member of FOX family, has gradually seen as a key cancerous regulatory. However, its expression and carcinogenicity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have not been reported yet. This study was to investigate its expression pattern, clinicopathological significance and biological roles in HNSCC. Methods HNSCC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used to indicate the detailed expression pattern and outcome association of FOXD1, while Western Blot assay to detect FOXD1 level in a panel of HNSCC cell lines as well as immunocytochemistry to explore FOXD1 protein abundance and sublocation. Series of siRNA-mediated FOXD1 knock-down experiments to assess the proliferation, migration, invasion and anti- apoptosis ability after FOXD1 down-regulation. Bioinformatic analysis to find out which biological function and cancer-related pathways of FOXD1 associated genes involved in. Results FOXD1 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in TCGA-HNSCC, GSE6631, GSE12452, GSE25099 and GSE30784. Besides, IHC results shown that nuclear location FOXD1 protein was significantly higher in primary HNSCC specimens from cohort involved in this study. Also, FOXD1 abundance was significantly correlated with cervical node metastasis and poor over-all/disease-free survival after combination analysis with patient pathological information. siRNA-mediated FOXD1 knock-down significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced apoptosis in HNSCC cells. Further analysis of GSEA, GO and KEGG showed that FOXD1 expression was significantly associated with oncological function and cancer-related pathways. Conclusions Taken together, our study implies that the potential oncogene, FOXD1, facilitates oncological behavior who can be identified as a brand-new HNSCC biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic significance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08868-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Canter of Stomatological Translation Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingyuan Yan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Canter of Stomatological Translation Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xueping Ke
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yumin Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianrong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 136 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Canter of Stomatological Translation Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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31
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Palamaris K, Felekouras E, Sakellariou S. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition: Key Regulator of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215532. [PMID: 34771695 PMCID: PMC8582651 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma’s (PDAC) dismal prognosis is associated with its aggressive biological behavior and resistance to chemotherapy. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recognized as a key driver of PDAC progression and development of drug resistance. EMT is a transient and reversible process leading to transdifferentiation of epithelial cells into a more mesenchymal phenotype. It is regulated by multiple signaling pathways that control the activity of a transcription factors network. Activation of EMT in pre-invasive stages of PDAC has been accused for early dissemination. Furthermore, it contributes to the development of intratumoral heterogeneity and drug resistance. This review summarizes the available data regarding signaling networks regulating EMT and describes the integral role of EMT in different aspects of PDAC pathogenesis. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies, characterized by aggressive biological behavior and a lack of response to currently available chemotherapy. Emerging evidence has identified epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a key driver of PDAC progression and a central regulator in the development of drug resistance. EMT is a reversible transdifferentiation process controlled by complex interactions between multiple signaling pathways such as TGFb, Wnt, and Notch, which converge to a network of specific transcription factors. Activation of EMT transcriptional reprogramming converts cancer cells of epithelial differentiation into a more mesenchymal phenotypic state. EMT occurrence in pre-invasive pancreatic lesions has been implicated in early PDAC dissemination. Moreover, cancer cell phenotypic plasticity driven by EMT contributes to intratumoral heterogeneity and drug tolerance and is mechanistically associated with the emergence of cells exhibiting cancer stem cells (CSCs) phenotype. In this review we summarize the available data on the signaling cascades regulating EMT and the molecular isnteractions between pancreatic cancer and stromal cells that activate them. In addition, we provide a link between EMT, tumor progression, and chemoresistance in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Palamaris
- 1ST Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Felekouras
- 1ST Department of Surgery, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Stratigoula Sakellariou
- 1ST Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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32
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Yeh CF, Chou C, Yang KC. Mechanotransduction in fibrosis: Mechanisms and treatment targets. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:279-314. [PMID: 34696888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
To perceive and integrate the environmental cues, cells and tissues sense and interpret various physical forces like shear, tensile, and compression stress. Mechanotransduction involves the sensing and translation of mechanical forces into biochemical and mechanical signals to guide cell fate and achieve tissue homeostasis. Disruption of this mechanical homeostasis by tissue injury elicits multiple cellular responses leading to pathological matrix deposition and tissue stiffening, and consequent evolution toward pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic phenotypes, leading to tissue/organ fibrosis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms linking mechanotransduction to fibrosis and uncovers the potential therapeutic targets to halt or resolve fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fan Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Derived Heterogeneity in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215355. [PMID: 34771518 PMCID: PMC8582421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are common malignancies with considerable morbidity and a high death toll worldwide. Resistance towards multi-modal therapy modalities composed of surgery, irradiation, chemo- and immunotherapy represents a major obstacle in the efficient treatment of HNSCC patients. Patients frequently show nodal metastases at the time of diagnosis and endure early relapses, oftentimes in the form of local recurrences. Differentiation programs such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) allow individual tumor cells to adopt cellular functions that are central to the development of metastases and treatment resistance. In the present review article, the molecular basis and regulation of EMT and its impact on the progression of HNSCC will be addressed. Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are common tumors with a poor overall prognosis. Poor survival is resulting from limited response to multi-modal therapy, high incidence of metastasis, and local recurrence. Treatment includes surgery, radio(chemo)therapy, and targeted therapy specific for EGFR and immune checkpoint inhibition. The understanding of the molecular basis for the poor outcome of HNSCC was improved using multi-OMICs approaches, which revealed a strong degree of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) at the level of DNA mutations, transcriptome, and (phospho)proteome. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) identified RNA-expression signatures related to cell cycle, cell stress, hypoxia, epithelial differentiation, and a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (pEMT). The latter signature was correlated to nodal involvement and adverse clinical features. Mechanistically, shifts towards a mesenchymal phenotype equips tumor cells with migratory and invasive capacities and with an enhanced resistance to standard therapy. Hence, gradual variations of EMT as observed in HNSCC represent a potent driver of tumor progression that could open new paths to improve the stratification of patients and to innovate approaches to break therapy resistance. These aspects of molecular heterogeneity will be discussed in the present review.
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Chen J, Cheng J, Zhao C, Zhao B, Mi J, Li W. The Hippo pathway: a renewed insight in the craniofacial diseases and hard tissue remodeling. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4060-4072. [PMID: 34671220 PMCID: PMC8495397 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays an important role in many pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation, cell death, cell migration and invasion. Because of its extensive functions, Hippo pathway is closely related to not only growth and development, but also many diseases, including inflammation and cancer. In this study, the role of Hippo pathway in craniofacial diseases and hard tissue remodeling was reviewed, in attempting to find new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Boxuan Zhao
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-strength Structural Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.,State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Brabletz S, Schuhwerk H, Brabletz T, Stemmler MP. Dynamic EMT: a multi-tool for tumor progression. EMBO J 2021; 40:e108647. [PMID: 34459003 PMCID: PMC8441439 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is fundamental for embryonic morphogenesis. Cells undergoing it lose epithelial characteristics and integrity, acquire mesenchymal features, and become motile. In cancer, this program is hijacked to confer essential changes in morphology and motility that fuel invasion. In addition, EMT is increasingly understood to orchestrate a large variety of complementary cancer features, such as tumor cell stemness, tumorigenicity, resistance to therapy and adaptation to changes in the microenvironment. In this review, we summarize recent findings related to these various classical and non-classical functions, and introduce EMT as a true tumorigenic multi-tool, involved in many aspects of cancer. We suggest that therapeutic targeting of the EMT process will-if acknowledging these complexities-be a possibility to concurrently interfere with tumor progression on many levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Harald Schuhwerk
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Marc P. Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine 1Nikolaus‐Fiebiger Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
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Fernandez-Guerrero M, Zdral S, Castilla-Ibeas A, Lopez-Delisle L, Duboule D, Ros MA. Time-sequenced transcriptomes of developing distal mouse limb buds: A comparative tissue layer analysis. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:1550-1575. [PMID: 34254395 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of the amniote limb has been an important model system to study patterning mechanisms and morphogenesis. For proper growth and patterning, it requires the interaction between the distal sub-apical mesenchyme and the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) that involve the separate implementation of coordinated and tissue-specific genetic programs. RESULTS Here, we produce and analyze the transcriptomes of both distal limb mesenchymal progenitors and the overlying ectodermal cells, following time-coursed dissections that cover from limb bud initiation to fully patterned limbs. The comparison of transcriptomes within each layer as well as between layers over time, allowed the identification of specific transcriptional signatures for each of the developmental stages. Special attention was given to the identification of genes whose transcription dynamics suggest a previously unnoticed role in the context of limb development and also to signaling pathways enriched between layers. CONCLUSION We interpret the transcriptomic data in light of the known development pattern and we conclude that a major transcriptional transition occurs in distal limb buds between E9.5 and E10.5, coincident with the switch from an early phase continuation of the signature of trunk progenitors, related to the initial proximo distal specification, to a late intrinsic phase of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Fernandez-Guerrero
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-University of Cantabria-SODERCAN), Santander, Spain
| | - Sofia Zdral
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-University of Cantabria-SODERCAN), Santander, Spain
| | - Alejandro Castilla-Ibeas
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-University of Cantabria-SODERCAN), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Denis Duboule
- School of Life Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Marian A Ros
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, IBBTEC (CSIC-University of Cantabria-SODERCAN), Santander, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Affolter A, Lammert A, Kern J, Scherl C, Rotter N. Precision Medicine Gains Momentum: Novel 3D Models and Stem Cell-Based Approaches in Head and Neck Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:666515. [PMID: 34307351 PMCID: PMC8296983 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.666515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the current progress in the development of new concepts of precision medicine for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in particular targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibition (CPI), overall survival rates have not improved during the last decades. This is, on the one hand, caused by the fact that a significant number of patients presents with late stage disease at the time of diagnosis, on the other hand HNSCC frequently develop therapeutic resistance. Distinct intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity is one of the strongest features in HNSCC and has hindered both the identification of specific biomarkers and the establishment of targeted therapies for this disease so far. To date, there is a paucity of reliable preclinical models, particularly those that can predict responses to immune CPI, as these models require an intact tumor microenvironment (TME). The "ideal" preclinical cancer model is supposed to take both the TME as well as tumor heterogeneity into account. Although HNSCC patients are frequently studied in clinical trials, there is a lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers allowing a better stratification of individuals who might benefit from new concepts of targeted or immunotherapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly tumorigenic. Through the process of stemness, epithelial cells acquire an invasive phenotype contributing to metastasis and recurrence. Specific markers for CSC such as CD133 and CD44 expression and ALDH activity help to identify CSC in HNSCC. For the majority of patients, allocation of treatment regimens is simply based on histological diagnosis and on tumor location and disease staging (clinical risk assessments) rather than on specific or individual tumor biology. Hence there is an urgent need for tools to stratify HNSCC patients and pave the way for personalized therapeutic options. This work reviews the current literature on novel approaches in implementing three-dimensional (3D) HNSCC in vitro and in vivo tumor models in the clinical daily routine. Stem-cell based assays will be particularly discussed. Those models are highly anticipated to serve as a preclinical prediction platform for the evaluation of stable biomarkers and for therapeutic efficacy testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Affolter
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Zhang A, Aslam H, Sharma N, Warmflash A, Fakhouri WD. Conservation of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Process in Neural Crest Cells and Metastatic Cancer. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:151-172. [PMID: 34218225 DOI: 10.1159/000516466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a highly conserved cellular process in several species, from worms to humans. EMT plays a fundamental role in early embryogenesis, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. For neural crest cell (NCC) development, EMT typically results in forming a migratory and potent cell population that generates a wide variety of cell and tissue, including cartilage, bone, connective tissue, endocrine cells, neurons, and glia amongst many others. The degree of conservation between the signaling pathways that regulate EMT during development and metastatic cancer (MC) has not been fully established, despite ample studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis dissects the major signaling pathways involved in EMT of NCC development and MC to unravel the similarities and differences. While the FGF, TGFβ/BMP, SHH, and NOTCH pathways have been rigorously investigated in both systems, the EGF, IGF, HIPPO, Factor Receptor Superfamily, and their intracellular signaling cascades need to be the focus of future NCC studies. In general, meta-analyses of the associated signaling pathways show a significant number of overlapping genes (particularly ligands, transcription regulators, and targeted cadherins) involved in each signaling pathway of both systems without stratification by body segments and cancer type. Lack of stratification makes it difficult to meaningfully evaluate the intracellular downstream effectors of each signaling pathway. Finally, pediatric neuroblastoma and melanoma are NCC-derived malignancies, which emphasize the importance of uncovering the EMT events that convert NCC into treatment-resistant malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hira Aslam
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neha Sharma
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Aryeh Warmflash
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Walid D Fakhouri
- Center for Craniofacial Research, Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Podocalyxin in Normal Tissue and Epithelial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122863. [PMID: 34201212 PMCID: PMC8227556 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocalyxin (PODXL), a glycosylated cell surface sialomucin of the CD34 family, is normally expressed in kidney podocytes, vascular endothelial cells, hematopoietic progenitors, mesothelium, as well as a subset of neurons. In the kidney, PODXL functions primarily as an antiadhesive molecule in podocyte epithelial cells, regulating adhesion and cell morphology, and playing an essential role in the development and function of the organ. Outside the kidney, PODXL plays subtle roles in tissue remodelling and development. Furthermore, many cancers, especially those that originated from the epithelium, have been reported to overexpress PODXL. Collective evidence suggests that PODXL overexpression is linked to poor prognosis, more aggressive tumour progression, unfavourable treatment outcomes, and possibly chemoresistance. This review summarises our current knowledge of PODXL in normal tissue function and epithelial cancer, with a particular focus on its underlying roles in cancer metastasis, likely involvement in chemoresistance, and potential use as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.
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Hipólito A, Martins F, Mendes C, Lopes-Coelho F, Serpa J. Molecular and Metabolic Reprogramming: Pulling the Strings Toward Tumor Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656851. [PMID: 34150624 PMCID: PMC8209414 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major hurdle to the efficient treatment of cancer, accounting for the great majority of cancer-related deaths. Although several studies have disclosed the detailed mechanisms underlying primary tumor formation, the emergence of metastatic disease remains poorly understood. This multistep process encompasses the dissemination of cancer cells to distant organs, followed by their adaptation to foreign microenvironments and establishment in secondary tumors. During the last decades, it was discovered that these events may be favored by particular metabolic patterns, which are dependent on reprogrammed signaling pathways in cancer cells while they acquire metastatic traits. In this review, we present current knowledge of molecular mechanisms that coordinate the crosstalk between metastatic signaling and cellular metabolism. The recent findings involving the contribution of crucial metabolic pathways involved in the bioenergetics and biosynthesis control in metastatic cells are summarized. Finally, we highlight new promising metabolism-based therapeutic strategies as a putative way of impairing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hipólito
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Martins
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cindy Mendes
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Lopes-Coelho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular (UIPM), Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Lisboa, Portugal
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Zarei M, Jazi MS, Tajaldini M, Khosravi A, Asadi J. Selective Inhibition of Esophageal Cancer Stem-like Cells with Salinomycin. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:783-789. [PMID: 32156244 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200310093125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting Cancer Stem-Like Cells (CSLCs) can provide promising new therapeutic strategies to inhibit cancer progression, metastasis and recurrence. Salinomycin (Sal), an antibacterial ionophore, has been shown to inhibit CSCs specifically. Recently, it has been reported that Sal can destabilize TAZ, the hypo pathway transducer in CSLCs. OBJECTIVES Here, in the current study, we aimed to assess the differential toxicity of Sal in esophageal CSLCs and its relation to TAZ gene expression. METHODS The esophageal cancer cell line, KYSE-30, was used for the enrichment of CSLCs. The expression of TAZ was knocked down using specific siRNA transfection and then the cytotoxicity of Sal was measured using XTT assay. The qRT-PCR method was used for gene expression assessment and the sphere formation ability was monitored using light microscopy. RESULTS Our findings showed that esophageal CSLCs over-express stemness-associated genes, including SOX2, OCT4 as well as TAZ (~14 fold, P value=0.02) transcription coactivator. We found Sal can selectively inhibit KYSE-30 CSLCs viability and sphere formation ability; however, TAZ knockdown does not change its differential toxicity. CONCLUSION Overall, our results indicated that Sal can selectively decrease the viability of esophageal CSLCs in a TAZ-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Zarei
- Student Research Committee, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Marie S Jazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences,
Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Tajaldini
- Department of Animal and Poultry Physiology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural
Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Khosravi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jahanbakhsh Asadi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences,
Gorgan, Iran
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Li HL, Li QY, Jin MJ, Lu CF, Mu ZY, Xu WY, Song J, Zhang Y, Zhang SY. A review: hippo signaling pathway promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by regulating target gene expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1569-1585. [PMID: 33864521 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hippo pathway is widely considered to inhibit cell growth and play an important role in regulating the size of organs. However, recent studies have shown that abnormal regulation of the Hippo pathway can also affect tumor invasion and metastasis. Therefore, finding out how the Hippo pathway promotes tumor development by regulating the expression of target genes provides new ideas for future research on targeted drugs that inhibit tumor progression. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched. RESULTS The search strategy identified 1892 hits and 196 publications were finally included in this review. As the core molecule of the Hippo pathway, YAP/TAZ are usually highly expressed in tumors that undergo invasion and migration and are accompanied by abnormally strong nuclear metastasis. Through its interaction with nuclear transcription factors TEADs, it directly or indirectly regulates and the expressions of target genes related to tumor metastasis and invasion. These target genes can induce the formation of invasive pseudopodia in tumor cells, reduce intercellular adhesion, degrade extracellular matrix (ECM), and cause epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), or indirectly promote through other signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), TGF/Smad, etc, which facilitate the invasion and metastasis of tumors. CONCLUSION This article mainly introduces the research progress of YAP/TAZ which are the core molecules of the Hippo pathway regulating related target genes to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Focus on the target genes that affect tumor invasion and metastasis, providing the possibility for the selection of clinical drug treatment targets, to provide some help for a more in-depth study of tumor invasion and migration mechanism and the development of clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qian-Yu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Min-Jie Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chao-Fan Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei-Yi Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Zhengzhou University, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Jafari A, Babajani A, Abdollahpour-Alitappeh M, Ahmadi N, Rezaei-Tavirani M. Exosomes and cancer: from molecular mechanisms to clinical applications. Med Oncol 2021; 38:45. [PMID: 33743101 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular nanovesicles secreted from almost all types of normal and cancer cells. Collective evidence suggests that exosomes participate in cell-cell communication via transmitting their cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites to recipient cells. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) play prominent roles in the regulation of molecular pathways in malignancies. Internalization of exosomes by tumor cells affects cellular pathways and several cancer hallmarks, including reprogramming of stromal cells, modulating immune responses, reconstructing extracellular matrix architecture, or even endowing tumor cells with drug features resistance. The unique biogenesis pathways of exosomes, their composition, low immunogenicity, and nontoxicity, together with their ability to target tumor cells, bring them up as an attractive vesicles for cancer therapy. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of exosomes' participation in tumorigenesis will be critical for the next generation of cancer therapeutics. This review aims to summarize the exosomes' roles in different mechanisms underlying cancer progression for the rational design of tailored strategies against this illness. The present study also highlights the new findings on using these smart vesicles as therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers. Recent advances in exosome biology will open up new, more effective, less invasive, and more individualized clinical applications for treating cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Jafari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Proteomics Research Center, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Therapy resistance is a major problem when treating cancer patients as cancer cells develop mechanisms that counteract the effect of therapeutic compounds, leading to fit and more aggressive clones that contribute to poor prognosis. Therapy resistance can be both intrinsic and/or acquired. These are multifactorial events, and some are related to factors including adaptations in cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), deregulation of key signaling pathways, drug efflux through ABC transporters, acquired mutations, evading apoptosis, and activation of DNA damage response among others. Among these factors, CSCs represent the major source of therapy resistance. CSCs are a subset of tumor cells that are capable of self-renewal and multilineage progenitor expansion that are known to be intrinsically resistant to anticancer treatments. Multiple clones of CSCs pre-exist, and some can adopt and expand easily to changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and/or in response to radio- and chemotherapy. A combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributes to CSC-mediated therapy resistance. In this review, we will focus on CSCs and therapy resistance as well as suggest strategies to eliminate CSCs and, therefore, overcome resistance. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
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Tubular transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif protects against ischemic acute kidney injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:1593-1612. [PMID: 32558891 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) is a key downstream effector of the Hippo tumor-suppressor pathway. The functions of TAZ in the kidney, especially in tubular epithelial cells, are not well-known. To elucidate the adaptive expression, protective effects on kidney injury, and signaling pathways of TAZ in response to acute kidney injury (AKI), we used in vitro (hypoxia-treated human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells [RPTECs]) and in vivo (mouse ischemia-reperfusion injury [IRI]) models of ischemic AKI. After ischemic AKI, TAZ was up-regulated in RPTECs and the renal cortex or tubules. Up-regulation of TAZ in RPTECs subjected to hypoxia was controlled by IκB kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) signaling. TAZ overexpression attenuated hypoxic and oxidative injury, inhibited apoptosis and activation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) proteins, and promoted wound healing in an RPTEC monolayer. However, TAZ knockdown aggravated hypoxic injury, apoptosis, and activation of p38 and JNK signaling, delayed wound closure of an RPTEC monolayer, and promoted G0/G1 phase cell-cycle arrest. Chloroquine and verteporfin treatment produced similar results to TAZ overexpression and knockdown in RPTECs, respectively. Compared with vehicle-treated mice, chloroquine treatment increased TAZ in the renal cortex and tubules, improved renal function, and attenuated tubular injury and tubular apoptosis after renal IRI, whereas TAZ siRNA and verteporfin decreased TAZ in the renal cortex and tubules, deteriorated renal failure and tubular injury, and aggravated tubular apoptosis. Our findings indicate the renoprotective role of tubular TAZ in ischemic AKI. Drugs augmenting (e.g., chloroquine) or suppressing (e.g., verteporfin) TAZ in the kidney might be beneficial or deleterious to patients with AKI.
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Ge H, Yao Y, Jiang Y, Wu X, Wang Y. Pharmacological inhibition of CDK7 by THZ1 impairs tumor growth in p53-mutated HNSCC. Oral Dis 2021; 28:611-620. [PMID: 33503275 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) has been critically linked to human cancer. However, the roles of CDK7 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain incompletely known. Here, we sought to dissect the functions of CDK7 underlying HNSCC tumorigenesis and explore whether pharmacological inhibition of CDK7 could induce anti-cancer effects. METHODS CDK7 expression was measured in a panel of HNSCC cell lines with p53 mutation and 20 pairs of HNSCC samples and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Genetic targeting and pharmacological inhibition of CDK7 were conducted to dissect the biological roles of CDK7 in p53-mutated HNSCC cells. An HNSCC xenograft model was developed to determine the therapeutic effects of THZ1 in vivo. Potential genes and pathways responsible for therapeutic effects of THZ1 were identified by genome-wide RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics interrogations. RESULTS CDK7 expression was significantly elevated in cancerous cells and samples as compared with their adjacent non-tumor counterparts. Impaired cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well increased apoptosis were observed in cells upon CDK7 knockdown or THZ1 exposure. THZ1 administration potently inhibited tumor overgrowth in vivo. Mechanistically, hundreds of genes enriched in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cancer-related categories were identified to be potentially mediated the therapeutic effects of THZ1 in HNSCC. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that CDK7 might serve as a novel putative pro-oncogenic gene underlying HNSCC tumorigenesis and therapeutic targeting of CDK7 might be a promising strategy for p53-mutated HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China PRC.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
| | - Yuan Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China PRC.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
| | - Yue Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China PRC.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
| | - Xiang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China PRC.,Department of Oral Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
| | - Yanling Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China PRC.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China PRC
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47
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Wang F, Fan M, Zhou X, Yu Y, Cai Y, Wu H, Zhang Y, Liu J, Huang S, He N, Hu Z, Ding G, Jin X. A positive feedback loop between TAZ and miR-942-3p modulates proliferation, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition process, glycometabolism and ROS homeostasis in human bladder cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:44. [PMID: 33499877 PMCID: PMC7836562 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) has been reported to be involved in tumor progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), glycometabolic modulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup. Herein, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the TAZ-induced biological effects in bladder cancer were discovered. Methods qRT-PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the levels of TAZ in bladder cancer cells and tissues. CCK-8, colony formation, tube formation, wound healing and Transwell assays and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the biological functions of TAZ, miR-942-3p and growth arrest-specific 1 (GAS1). QRT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of related genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and a dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed to confirm the interaction between TAZ and miR-942. In vivo tumorigenesis and colorimetric glycolytic assays were also conducted. Results We confirmed the upregulation and vital roles of TAZ in bladder cancer. TAZ-induced upregulation of miR-942-3p expression amplified upstream signaling by inhibiting the expression of large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2, a TAZ inhibitor). MiR-942-3p attenuated the impacts on cell proliferation, angiogenesis, EMT, glycolysis and ROS levels induced by TAZ knockdown. Furthermore, miR-942-3p restrained the expression of GAS1 to modulate biological behaviors. Conclusion Our study identified a novel positive feedback loop between TAZ and miR-942-3p that regulates biological functions in bladder cancer cells via GAS1 expression and illustrated that TAZ, miR-942-3p and GAS1 might be potential therapeutic targets for bladder cancer treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01846-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Mengjing Fan
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Xuejian Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yanlan Yu
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China
| | - Yueshu Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hongshen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Shihan Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghui Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Ding
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P.R. China.
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48
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Ghatak D, Das Ghosh D, Roychoudhury S. Cancer Stemness: p53 at the Wheel. Front Oncol 2021; 10:604124. [PMID: 33505918 PMCID: PMC7830093 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 maintains an equilibrium between self-renewal and differentiation to sustain a limited repertoire of stem cells for proper development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Inactivation of p53 disrupts this balance and promotes pluripotency and somatic cell reprogramming. A few reports in recent years have indicated that prevalent TP53 oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations further boosts the stemness properties of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the role of wild type p53 in regulating pluripotency of normal stem cells and various mechanisms that control the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in embryonic and adult stem cells. We also highlight how inactivating and GOF mutations in p53 stimulate stemness in cancer cells. Further, we have explored the various mechanisms of mutant p53-driven cancer stemness, particularly emphasizing on the non-coding RNA mediated epigenetic regulation. We have also analyzed the association of cancer stemness with other crucial gain-of-function properties of mutant p53 such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotypes and chemoresistance to understand how activation of one affects the other. Given the critical role of cancer stem-like cells in tumor maintenance, cancer progression, and therapy resistance of mutant p53 tumors, targeting them might improve therapeutic efficacy in human cancers with TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishari Ghatak
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Damayanti Das Ghosh
- Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Division of Research, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Kolkata, India
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49
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Wei X, Chen Y, Jiang X, Peng M, Liu Y, Mo Y, Ren D, Hua Y, Yu B, Zhou Y, Liao Q, Wang H, Xiang B, Zhou M, Li X, Li G, Li Y, Xiong W, Zeng Z. Mechanisms of vasculogenic mimicry in hypoxic tumor microenvironments. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:7. [PMID: 33397409 PMCID: PMC7784348 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a recently discovered angiogenetic process found in many malignant tumors, and is different from the traditional angiogenetic process involving vascular endothelium. It involves the formation of microvascular channels composed of tumor cells; therefore, VM is considered a new model for the formation of new blood vessels in aggressive tumors, and can provide blood supply for tumor growth. Many studies have pointed out that in recent years, some clinical treatments against angiogenesis have not been satisfactory possibly due to the activation of VM. Although the mechanisms underlying VM have not been fully elucidated, increasing research on the soil “microenvironment” for tumor growth suggests that the initial hypoxic environment in solid tumors is inseparable from VM. Main body In this review, we describe that the stemness and differentiation potential of cancer stem cells are enhanced under hypoxic microenvironments, through hypoxia-induced epithelial-endothelial transition (EET) and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling to form the specific mechanism of vasculogenic mimicry; we also summarized some of the current drugs targeting VM through these processes, suggesting a new reference for the clinical treatment of tumor angiogenesis. Conclusion Overall, the use of VM inhibitors in combination with conventional anti-angiogenesis treatments is a promising strategy for improving the effectiveness of targeted angiogenesis treatments; further, considering the importance of hypoxia in tumor invasion and metastasis, drugs targeting the hypoxia signaling pathway seem to achieve good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunhua Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xianjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiduo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daixi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuze Hua
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Boyao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Gupta S, Kumar P, Das BC. HPV +ve/-ve oral-tongue cancer stem cells: A potential target for relapse-free therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100919. [PMID: 33129107 PMCID: PMC7590584 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a highly prevalent head and neck cancer often associated with tobacco and/or alcohol abuse or high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. HPV positive TSCCs present a unique mechanism of tumorigenesis as compared to tobacco and alcohol-induced TSCCs and show a better prognosis when treated. The poor prognosis and/or recurrence of TSCC is due to presence of a small subpopulation of tumor-initiating tongue cancer stem cells (TCSCs) that are intrinsically resistant to conventional chemoradio-therapies enabling cancer to relapse. Therefore, targeting TCSCs may provide efficient therapeutic strategy for relapse-free survival of TSCC patients. Indeed, the development of new TCSC targeting therapeutic approaches for the successful elimination of HPV+ve/-ve TCSCs could be achieved either by targeting the self-renewal pathways, epithelial mesenchymal transition, vascular niche, nanoparticles-based therapy, induction of differentiation, chemoradio-sensitization of TCSCs or TCSC-derived exosome-based drug delivery and inhibition of HPV oncogenes or by regulating epigenetic pathways. In this review, we have discussed all these potential approaches and highlighted several important signaling pathways/networks involved in the formation and maintenance of TCSCs, which are targetable as novel therapeutic targets to sensitize/eliminate TCSCs and to improve survival of TSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Gupta
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India; National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), I-7, Sector-39, Noida 201301, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Bhudev C Das
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Lab, Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India.
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