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Pontifex CS, Zaman M, Fanganiello RD, Shutt TE, Pfeffer G. Valosin-Containing Protein (VCP): A Review of Its Diverse Molecular Functions and Clinical Phenotypes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5633. [PMID: 38891822 PMCID: PMC11172259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review we examine the functionally diverse ATPase associated with various cellular activities (AAA-ATPase), valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97), its molecular functions, the mutational landscape of VCP and the phenotypic manifestation of VCP disease. VCP is crucial to a multitude of cellular functions including protein quality control, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), autophagy, mitophagy, lysophagy, stress granule formation and clearance, DNA replication and mitosis, DNA damage response including nucleotide excision repair, ATM- and ATR-mediated damage response, homologous repair and non-homologous end joining. VCP variants cause multisystem proteinopathy, and pathology can arise in several tissue types such as skeletal muscle, bone, brain, motor neurons, sensory neurons and possibly cardiac muscle, with the disease course being challenging to predict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly S. Pontifex
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (C.S.P.); (M.Z.); (T.E.S.)
| | - Mashiat Zaman
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (C.S.P.); (M.Z.); (T.E.S.)
- Alberta Child Health Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Timothy E. Shutt
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (C.S.P.); (M.Z.); (T.E.S.)
- Alberta Child Health Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; (C.S.P.); (M.Z.); (T.E.S.)
- Alberta Child Health Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Heritage Medical Research Building 155, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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Yan T, Ma X, Guo L, Lu R. Targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in ovarian cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0232. [PMID: 37817482 PMCID: PMC10618951 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an organelle present in various eukaryotic cells, is responsible for intracellular protein synthesis, post-translational modification, and folding and transport, as well as the regulation of lipid and steroid metabolism and Ca2+ homeostasis. Hypoxia, nutrient deficiency, and a low pH tumor microenvironment lead to the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER, thus activating ER stress (ERS) and the unfolded protein response, and resulting in either restoration of cellular homeostasis or cell death. ERS plays a crucial role in cancer oncogenesis, progression, and response to therapies. This article reviews current studies relating ERS to ovarian cancer, the most lethal gynecologic malignancy among women globally, and discusses pharmacological agents and possible targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaolu Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renquan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Wei R, Cao Y, Wu H, Liu X, Jiang M, Luo X, Deng Z, Wang Z, Ke M, Zhu Y, Chen S, Gu C, Yang Y. Inhibition of VCP modulates NF-κB signaling pathway to suppress multiple myeloma cell proliferation and osteoclast differentiation. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8220-8236. [PMID: 37606987 PMCID: PMC10497005 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, in which the dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is associated with the pathogenesis. The valosin containing protein (VCP)/p97, a member of the AAA+ ATPase family, possesses multiple functions to regulate the protein quality control including ubiquitin-proteasome system and molecular chaperone. VCP is involved in the occurrence and development of various tumors while still elusive in MM. VCP inhibitors have gradually shown great potential for cancer treatment. This study aims to identify if VCP is a therapeutic target in MM and confirm the effect of a novel inhibitor of VCP (VCP20) on MM. We found that VCP was elevated in MM patients and correlated with shorter survival in clinical TT2 cohort. Silencing VCP using siRNA resulted in decreased MM cell proliferation via NF-κB signaling pathway. VCP20 evidently inhibited MM cell proliferation and osteoclast differentiation. Moreover, exosomes containing VCP derived from MM cells partially alleviated the inhibitory effect of VCP20 on cell proliferation and osteoclast differentiation. Mechanism study revealed that VCP20 inactivated the NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting ubiquitination degradation of IκBα. Furthermore, VCP20 suppressed MM cell proliferation, prolonged the survival of MM model mice and improved bone destruction in vivo. Collectively, our findings suggest that VCP is a novel target in MM progression. Targeting VCP with VCP20 suppresses malignancy progression of MM via inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Wei
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhao Cao
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Wu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingmei Jiang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian Luo
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhendong Deng
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze Wang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengying Ke
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqing Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Gu
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Lines CL, McGrath MJ, Dorwart T, Conn CS. The integrated stress response in cancer progression: a force for plasticity and resistance. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1206561. [PMID: 37601686 PMCID: PMC10435748 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1206561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During their quest for growth, adaptation, and survival, cancer cells create a favorable environment through the manipulation of normal cellular mechanisms. They increase anabolic processes, including protein synthesis, to facilitate uncontrolled proliferation and deplete the tumor microenvironment of resources. As a dynamic adaptation to the self-imposed oncogenic stress, cancer cells promptly hijack translational control to alter gene expression. Rewiring the cellular proteome shifts the phenotypic balance between growth and adaptation to promote therapeutic resistance and cancer cell survival. The integrated stress response (ISR) is a key translational program activated by oncogenic stress that is utilized to fine-tune protein synthesis and adjust to environmental barriers. Here, we focus on the role of ISR signaling for driving cancer progression. We highlight mechanisms of regulation for distinct mRNA translation downstream of the ISR, expand on oncogenic signaling utilizing the ISR in response to environmental stresses, and pinpoint the impact this has for cancer cell plasticity during resistance to therapy. There is an ongoing need for innovative drug targets in cancer treatment, and modulating ISR activity may provide a unique avenue for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Crystal S. Conn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Liu L, Xu J, Sun X, Zheng H. A novel cuproptosis-related lncRNA prognostic signature in thyroid cancer. Biomark Med 2023; 17:643-654. [PMID: 37934030 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to investigate the value of cuproptosis-related lncRNA in screening out high-risk thyroid cancer patients. Materials & methods: RNA sequencing data of thyroid cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A cuproptosis-related lncRNA signature was constructed by using Cox regression. Results: Four cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were used to construct a survival prognosis model for thyroid cancer. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the area under the curve reached 0.830 at 1 year, 0.790 at 3 years and 0.824 at 5 years. Conclusion: The model may help to screen out thyroid cancer patients at high risk, and thus develop more appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Xifeng Sun
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, 252000, China
| | - Haitao Zheng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
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Zhang X, Jiang L, Li Y, Feng Q, Sun X, Wang Y, Zhao M. Discovery of novel benzylquinazoline molecules as p97/VCP inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1209060. [PMID: 37388451 PMCID: PMC10300352 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1209060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Protein p97 is an extensively investigated AAA ATPase with various cellular activities, including cell cycle control, ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and NF-κB activation. Method: In this study, we designed, synthesized and evaluated eight novel DBeQanalogs as potential p97 inhibitors in vivo and in vitro. Results: In the p97 ATPase inhibition assay, compounds 6 and 7 showed higher potency than the known p97 inhibitors, DBeQ and CB-5083. Compounds 4-6 dramatically induced G0/G1 phase arrest in the HCT116 cells, and compound 7 arrested the cells in both G0/G1 and S phases. Western blots showed elevated levels of SQSTM/p62, ATF-4, and NF-κB in HCT116 cells with the treatment of compounds 4-7, confirming their role in inhibiting the p97 signaling pathway in cells. In addition, the IC50 of compounds 4-6 against HCT116, RPMI-8226, and s180 proliferation were 0.24-6.9 µM with comparable potency as DBeQ. However, compounds 4-6 displayed low toxicity against the normal human colon cell line. Thus, compounds 6 and 7 were proved to be potential p97 inhibitors with less cytotoxicity. In vivo studies using the s180 xenograft model have demonstrated that compound 6 inhibited tumor growth, led to a significant reduction of p97 concentration in the serum and tumor, and indicated non-toxicity on the body weight and organ-to-brain weight ratios except for the spleen at the dose of 90 μmol/kg/day for 10 days. Furthermore, the present study indicated that compound 6 may not induce s180 mice myelosuppression often observed in the p97 inhibitors. Conclusion: Compound 6 displayed high binding affinity to p97, great p97 ATPase inhibition, selective cytotoxicity, remarkable anti-tumor effect, and upregulated safety, which improved the clinical potential of p97 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Lingna Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Xiulin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- Core Facilities Centre, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
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7
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Arıcı A, Erdemir F. A Determination of p97/VCP (Valosin Containing Protein) and SVIP (Small VCP Interacting Protein) Expression Patterns in Human Testis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1079. [PMID: 37374283 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The ubiquitin proteosome system (UPS) is a non-lysosomal pathway that functions in all eukaryotes. The transport of polyubiquitinated proteins to proteosomes takes place via the p97/Valosin-containing protein (VCP) chaperone protein. The p97/VCP binds to polyubiquitinated proteins, allowing these proteins to reach the proteasome and, thus, their destruction. In the case of p97/VCP deficiency, ubiquitinated proteins accumulate in the cell cytoplasm, and their subsequent failure to break down produces various pathological conditions. Small VCP interacting protein (SVIP) and p97/VCP proteins have not been studied in human testicular tissues from different postnatal periods. Therefore, in our study, we aimed to examine the expression of SVIP and p97/VCP in postnatal human testicular tissues. Our study aimed to contribute to further studies on the use of these proteins as testicular cell biomarkers in cases of unexplained male infertility. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical studies with the aim of determining the expression of p97/VCP and SVIP proteins in neonatal, prepubertal, pubertal, adult, and geriatric human testis tissues were performed. Results: In testicular sections obtained from a neonatal group, p97/VCP and SVIP were localized in different testicular and interstitial cells, and the lowest expression was observed in this group. While the expressions of these proteins were low in the neonatal period, they increased gradually in the prepubertal, pubertal and adult periods. The expression of p97/VCP and SVIP, which peaked in adulthood, showed a significant decrease in the geriatric period. Conclusions: As a result, the expression of p97/VCP and SVIP correlated with the increase in age, but it decreased significantly in older groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akgül Arıcı
- Department of Medical Pathology, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60100 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fikret Erdemir
- Department of Urology, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60100 Tokat, Turkey
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Lee YS, Klomp JE, Stalnecker CA, Goodwin CM, Gao Y, Droby GN, Vaziri C, Bryant KL, Der CJ, Cox AD. VCP/p97, a pleiotropic protein regulator of the DNA damage response and proteostasis, is a potential therapeutic target in KRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer. Genes Cancer 2023; 14:30-49. [PMID: 36923647 PMCID: PMC10010283 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We and others have recently shown that proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) are critical for KRAS-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell growth in vitro. However, the CRISPR-Cas9 library that enabled us to identify these key proteins had limited representation of DDR-related genes. To further investigate the DDR in this context, we performed a comprehensive, DDR-focused CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screen. This screen identified valosin-containing protein (VCP) as an essential gene in KRAS-mutant PDAC cell lines. We observed that genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of VCP limited cell growth and induced apoptotic death. Addressing the basis for VCP-dependent growth, we first evaluated the contribution of VCP to the DDR and found that loss of VCP resulted in accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks. We next addressed its role in proteostasis and found that loss of VCP caused accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. We also found that loss of VCP increased autophagy. Therefore, we reasoned that inhibiting both VCP and autophagy could be an effective combination. Accordingly, we found that VCP inhibition synergized with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. We conclude that concurrent targeting of autophagy can enhance the efficacy of VCP inhibitors in KRAS-mutant PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye S. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Klomp
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Clint A. Stalnecker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig M. Goodwin
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yanzhe Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gaith N. Droby
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kirsten L. Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Channing J. Der
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Adrienne D. Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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GLI1, a novel target of the ER stress regulator p97/VCP, promotes ATF6f-mediated activation of XBP1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194924. [PMID: 36842643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Upon accumulation of improperly folded proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is triggered to restore ER homeostasis. The induction of stress genes is a sine qua non condition for effective adaptive UPR. Although this requirement has been extensively described, the mechanisms underlying this process remain in part uncharacterized. Here, we show that p97/VCP, an AAA+ ATPase known to contribute to ER stress-induced gene expression, regulates the transcription factor GLI1, a primary effector of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Under basal (non-ER stress) conditions, GLI1 is repressed by a p97/VCP-HDAC1 complex while upon ER stress GLI1 is induced through a mechanism requiring both USF2 binding and increase histone acetylation at its promoter. Interestingly, the induction of GLI1 was independent of ligand-regulated Hh signaling. Further analysis showed that GLI1 cooperates with ATF6f to induce promoter activity and expression of XBP1, a key transcription factor driving UPR. Overall, our work demonstrates a novel role for GLI1 in the regulation of ER stress gene expression and defines the interplay between p97/VCP, HDAC1 and USF2 as essential players in this process.
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10
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Kilgas S, Ramadan K. Inhibitors of the ATPase p97/VCP: From basic research to clinical applications. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:3-21. [PMID: 36640759 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis deficiencies underlie various cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are responsible for most of the protein degradation in mammalian cells and, therefore, represent attractive targets for cancer therapy and that of neurodegenerative diseases. The ATPase p97, also known as VCP, is a central component of the UPS that extracts and disassembles its substrates from various cellular locations and also regulates different steps in autophagy. Several UPS- and autophagy-targeting drugs are in clinical trials. In this review, we focus on the development of various p97 inhibitors, including the ATPase inhibitors CB-5083 and CB-5339, which reached clinical trials by demonstrating effective anti-tumor activity across various tumor models, providing an effective alternative to targeting protein degradation for cancer therapy. Here, we provide an overview of how different p97 inhibitors have evolved over time both as basic research tools and effective UPS-targeting cancer therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kilgas
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Kristijan Ramadan
- Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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11
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Deka D, D'Incà R, Sturniolo GC, Das A, Pathak S, Banerjee A. Role of ER Stress Mediated Unfolded Protein Responses and ER Stress Inhibitors in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:5392-5406. [PMID: 35318552 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations have increased the knowledge about the pathological processes of inflammatory bowel diseases. Besides the complex organization of immune reactions, the mucosal epithelial lining has been recognized as a crucial regulator in the commencement and persistence of intestinal inflammation. As the intestinal epithelium is exposed to various environmental factors, the intestinal epithelial cells are confronted with diverse cellular stress conditions. In eukaryotic cells, an imbalance in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) might cause aggregation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the lumen of ER, a condition known as endoplasmic reticulum stress. This cellular mechanism stimulates the unfolded protein response (UPR), which elevates the potential of the endoplasmic reticulum protein folding, improves protein production and its maturation, and also stimulates ER-associated protein degradation. Current analyses reported that in the epithelium, the ER stress might cause the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease that affects the synthesis of protein, inducing the apoptosis of the epithelial cell and stimulating the proinflammatory reactions in the gut. There have been significant efforts to develop small molecules or molecular chaperones that will be potent in ameliorating ER stress. The restoration of UPR balance in the endoplasmic reticulum via pharmacological intervention might be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). This review provides novel insights into the role of chemical chaperone UPR modulators to modify ER stress levels. We further discuss the future directions/challenges in the development of therapeutic strategies for IBDs by targeting the ER stress. Figure depicting the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated inflammatory bowel disease and the therapeutic role of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitors in alleviating the diseased condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshita Deka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Renata D'Incà
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Alakesh Das
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India.
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12
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Mechanisms of Sodium/Iodide Symporter-Mediated Mammary Gland Iodine Compensation during Lactation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173592. [PMID: 36079849 PMCID: PMC9460413 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the compensation mechanism of iodine deficiency and excess in the mammary gland during lactation. Female rats were divided into the low iodine group (LI), the normal iodine group (NI), the 10-fold high iodine group (10HI) and the 50-fold high iodine group (50HI). We measured the iodine levels in the urine, blood, milk, and mammary gland. The protein expression of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), DPAGT1, and valosin-containing protein (VCP) in the mammary gland was also studied. The 24-hour urinary iodine concentration, serum total iodine concentration, serum non-protein-bound iodine concentration, breast milk iodine concentration, and mammary gland iodine content in the 50HI group were significantly higher than those in the NI group (p < 0.05). Compared with the NI group, NIS expression in the 50HI group significantly decreased (p < 0.05). DAPGT1 expression was significantly higher in the LI group than in the NI group (p < 0.05). The expression level of VCP was significantly increased in the 10HI and 50HI groups. In conclusion, milk iodine concentration is positively correlated with iodine intake, and the lactating mammary gland regulates the glycosylation and degradation of NIS by regulating DPAGT1 and VCP, thus regulating milk iodine level. However, the mammary gland has a limited role in compensating for iodine deficiency and excess.
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Shmara A, Perez-Rosendahl M, Murphy K, Kwon A, Smith C, Kimonis V. A clinicopathologic study of malignancy in VCP-associated multisystem proteinopathy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:272. [PMID: 35841038 PMCID: PMC9287862 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02403-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valosin containing protein (VCP) is an important protein with many vital functions mostly related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system that provides protein quality control. VCP-associated inclusion body myopathy with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia, also termed VCP disease and multisystem proteinopathy (MSP 1), is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by monoallelic variants in the VCP gene on human chromosome 9. VCP has also been strongly involved in cancer, with over-activity of VCP found in several cancers such as prostate, pancreatic, endometrial, esophageal cancers and osteosarcoma. Since MSP1 is caused by gain of function variants in the VCP gene, we hypothesized our patients would show increased risk for developing malignancies. We describe cases of 3 rare malignancies and 4 common cancers from a retrospective dataset. RESULTS Upon surveying 106 families with confirmed VCP variants, we found a higher rate of rare tumors including malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and thymoma. Some of these subjects developed cancer before displaying other classic VCP disease manifestations. We also present cases of common cancers; however, we did not find an increased rate compared to the general population. This could be related to the early mortality associated with this disease, since most patients die in their 50-60 s due to respiratory failure or cardiomyopathy which is earlier than the age at which most cancers appear. CONCLUSION This is the first study that expands the phenotype of VCP disease to potentially include rare cancers and highlights the importance of further investigation of the role of VCP in cancer development. The results of this study in VCP disease patients suggest that patients may be at an increased risk for rare tumors. A larger study will determine if patients with VCP disease develop cancer at a higher rate than the general population. If that is the case, they should be followed up more frequently and screened for recurrence and metastasis of their cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Shmara
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Lab and FEDEX: Hewitt Hall, Rm 2038, Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Kady Murphy
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Lab and FEDEX: Hewitt Hall, Rm 2038, Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ashley Kwon
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Lab and FEDEX: Hewitt Hall, Rm 2038, Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Charles Smith
- Department of Neurology and Sanders-Brown Center On Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine, Lab and FEDEX: Hewitt Hall, Rm 2038, Health Sciences Rd., Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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14
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Bastola P, Leiserowitz GS, Chien J. Multiple Components of Protein Homeostasis Pathway Can Be Targeted to Produce Drug Synergies with VCP Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122949. [PMID: 35740614 PMCID: PMC9220887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein quality control mechanisms play an important role in cancer progression by providing adaptive responses and morphologic stability against genome-wide copy number alterations, aneuploidy, and conformation-altering somatic mutations. This dependency on protein quality control mechanisms creates a vulnerability that may be exploited for therapeutic benefits by targeting components of the protein quality control mechanism. Recently, valosin-containing protein (VCP), also known at p97 AAA-ATPase, has emerged as a druggable target in cancer cells to affect their dependency on protein quality control. Here, we show that VCP inhibitors induce cytotoxicity in several ovarian cancer cell lines and these compounds act synergistically with mifepristone, a drug previously shown to induce an atypical unfolded protein response. Although mifepristone at a clinically achievable dose induces a weak unfolded protein response, it enhances the cytotoxic effects of VCP inhibitor CB-5083. Mechanistically, mifepristone blocks the cytoprotective effect of ATF6 in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress while activating the cytotoxic effects of ATF4 and CHOP through the HRI (EIF2AK1)-mediated signal transduction pathway. In contrast, CB-5083 activates ATF4 and CHOP through the PERK (EIF2AK3)-mediated signaling pathway. This combination activates ATF4 and CHOP while blocking the adaptive response provided by ATF6, resulting in increased cytotoxic effects and synergistic drug interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Bastola
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Gary S. Leiserowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-916-734-4766
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15
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Topouza DG, Choi J, Nesdoly S, Tarnouskaya A, Nicol CJB, Duan QL. Novel MicroRNA-Regulated Transcript Networks Are Associated with Chemotherapy Response in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094875. [PMID: 35563265 PMCID: PMC9101651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a highly lethal gynecologic cancer, in part due to resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy reported among 20% of patients. This study aims to generate novel hypotheses of the biological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance, which remain poorly understood. Differential expression analyses of mRNA- and microRNA-sequencing data from HGSOC patients of The Cancer Genome Atlas identified 21 microRNAs associated with angiogenesis and 196 mRNAs enriched for adaptive immunity and translation. Coexpression network analysis identified three microRNA networks associated with chemotherapy response enriched for lipoprotein transport and oncogenic pathways, as well as two mRNA networks enriched for ubiquitination and lipid metabolism. These network modules were replicated in two independent ovarian cancer cohorts. Moreover, integrative analyses of the mRNA/microRNA sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed potential regulation of significant mRNA transcripts by microRNAs and SNPs (expression quantitative trait loci). Thus, we report novel transcriptional networks and biological pathways associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in HGSOC patients. These results expand our understanding of the effector networks and regulators of chemotherapy response, which will help to improve the management of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai G. Topouza
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (D.G.T.); (J.C.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Jihoon Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (D.G.T.); (J.C.); (C.J.B.N.)
| | - Sean Nesdoly
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, 21-25 Union St., Kingston, ON K7L 2N8, Canada; (S.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Anastasiya Tarnouskaya
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, 21-25 Union St., Kingston, ON K7L 2N8, Canada; (S.N.); (A.T.)
| | - Christopher J. B. Nicol
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (D.G.T.); (J.C.); (C.J.B.N.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, 88 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen’s University Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, 10 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Qing Ling Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart St., Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (D.G.T.); (J.C.); (C.J.B.N.)
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, 21-25 Union St., Kingston, ON K7L 2N8, Canada; (S.N.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Wang F, Li S, Houerbi N, Chou TF. Temporal proteomics reveal specific cell cycle oncoprotein downregulation by p97/VCP inhibition. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:517-529.e5. [PMID: 34847375 PMCID: PMC8934257 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Targeting protein quality control (PQC) pathways using proteasome or p97/VCP inhibition can effectively treat blood tumors. However, in solid tumors, only p97/VCP inhibitors are effective. To probe this difference in efficacy, we tracked HCT116 colon cancer cells using temporal proteomics to define the cellular and molecular responses to proteasome and p97 inhibition. Proteins involved in general PQC pathways were similarly upregulated by both treatments, suggesting that the proteotoxic stress caused by inhibitors does not explain the differential therapeutic effectiveness. Unexpectedly, proteins specifically dysregulated by two p97 inhibitors are involved in cell cycle control. Indeed, eleven cell cycle proteins were downregulated by p97 inhibition but not by proteasome inhibition. Western blot analysis validated the degradation of cyclin D1 and Securin, which depends on proteasome but not on p97. Differing regulation of cell cycle proteins by p97 and the proteasome may, therefore, explain the therapeutic efficacy of p97 inhibitors in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Shan Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nadia Houerbi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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17
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Ghalandary M, Li Y, Fröhlich T, Magg T, Liu Y, Rohlfs M, Hollizeck S, Conca R, Schwerd T, Uhlig HH, Bufler P, Koletzko S, Muise AM, Snapper SB, Hauck F, Klein C, Kotlarz D. Valosin-containing protein-regulated endoplasmic reticulum stress causes NOD2-dependent inflammatory responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3906. [PMID: 35273242 PMCID: PMC8913691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NOD2 polymorphisms may affect sensing of the bacterial muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and trigger perturbed inflammatory responses. Genetic screening of a patient with immunodeficiency and enteropathy revealed a rare homozygous missense mutation in the first CARD domain of NOD2 (ENST00000300589; c.160G > A, p.E54K). Biochemical assays confirmed impaired NOD2-dependent signaling and proinflammatory cytokine production in patient's cells and heterologous cellular models with overexpression of the NOD2 mutant. Immunoprecipitation-coupled mass spectrometry unveiled the ATPase valosin-containing protein (VCP) as novel interaction partner of wildtype NOD2, while the binding to the NOD2 variant p.E54K was abrogated. Knockdown of VCP in coloncarcinoma cells led to impaired NF-κB activity and IL8 expression upon MDP stimulation. In contrast, tunicamycin-induced ER stress resulted in increased IL8, CXCL1, and CXCL2 production in cells with knockdown of VCP, while enhanced expression of these proinflammatory molecules was abolished upon knockout of NOD2. Taken together, these data suggest that VCP-mediated inflammatory responses upon ER stress are NOD2-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghalandary
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Yue Li
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Magg
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Yanshan Liu
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Meino Rohlfs
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hollizeck
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffaele Conca
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Schwerd
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Department of Pediatrics, and Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Bufler
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Collegium, Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleixo M Muise
- SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada
- VEO-IBD Consortium, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G1A8, Canada
| | - Scott B Snapper
- VEO-IBD Consortium, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Fabian Hauck
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
- VEO-IBD Consortium, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany
- Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Deutsche Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany.
- VEO-IBD Consortium, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337, Munich, Germany.
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18
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Guo Y, Shen D, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Liang J, Zhou Y, Li N, Liu Y, Yang G, Li W. Deep Learning-Based Morphological Classification of Endoplasmic Reticulum Under Stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:767866. [PMID: 35223863 PMCID: PMC8865080 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.767866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) is a condition that is defined by abnormal accumulation of unfolded proteins. It plays an important role in maintaining cellular protein, lipid, and ion homeostasis. By triggering the unfolded protein response (UPR) under ER stress, cells restore homeostasis or undergo apoptosis. Chronic ER stress is implicated in many human diseases. Despite extensive studies on related signaling mechanisms, reliable image biomarkers for ER stress remain lacking. To address this deficiency, we have validated a morphological image biomarker for ER stress and have developed a deep learning-based assay to enable automated detection and analysis of this marker for screening studies. Specifically, ER under stress exhibits abnormal morphological patterns that feature ring-shaped structures called whorls (WHs). Using a highly specific chemical probe for unfolded and aggregated proteins, we find that formation of ER whorls is specifically associated with the accumulation of the unfolded and aggregated proteins. This confirms that ER whorls can be used as an image biomarker for ER stress. To this end, we have developed ER-WHs-Analyzer, a deep learning-based image analysis assay that automatically recognizes and localizes ER whorls similarly as human experts. It does not require laborious manual annotation of ER whorls for training of deep learning models. Importantly, it reliably classifies different patterns of ER whorls induced by different ER stress drugs. Overall, our study provides mechanistic insights into morphological patterns of ER under stress as well as an image biomarker assay for screening studies to dissect related disease mechanisms and to accelerate related drug discoveries. It demonstrates the effectiveness of deep learning in recognizing and understanding complex morphological phenotypes of ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Guo
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhou
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yutong Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhao Liang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Zhou
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ningning Li
- Tomas Lindahl Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ge Yang, ; Wenjing Li,
| | - Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ge Yang, ; Wenjing Li,
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19
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Yu H, Sun Z, Tan T, Pan H, Zhao J, Zhang L, Chen J, Lei A, Zhu Y, Chen L, Xu Y, Liu Y, Chen M, Sheng J, Xu Z, Qian P, Li C, Gao S, Daley GQ, Zhang J. rRNA biogenesis regulates mouse 2C-like state by 3D structure reorganization of peri-nucleolar heterochromatin. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6365. [PMID: 34753899 PMCID: PMC8578659 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus is the organelle for ribosome biogenesis and sensing various types of stress. However, its role in regulating stem cell fate remains unclear. Here, we present evidence that nucleolar stress induced by interfering rRNA biogenesis can drive the 2-cell stage embryo-like (2C-like) program and induce an expanded 2C-like cell population in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. Mechanistically, nucleolar integrity maintains normal liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of the nucleolus and the formation of peri-nucleolar heterochromatin (PNH). Upon defects in rRNA biogenesis, the natural state of nucleolus LLPS is disrupted, causing dissociation of the NCL/TRIM28 complex from PNH and changes in epigenetic state and reorganization of the 3D structure of PNH, which leads to release of Dux, a 2C program transcription factor, from PNH to activate a 2C-like program. Correspondingly, embryos with rRNA biogenesis defect are unable to develop from 2-cell (2C) to 4-cell embryos, with delayed repression of 2C/ERV genes and a transcriptome skewed toward earlier cleavage embryo signatures. Our results highlight that rRNA-mediated nucleolar integrity and 3D structure reshaping of the PNH compartment regulates the fate transition of mES cells to 2C-like cells, and that rRNA biogenesis is a critical regulator during the 2-cell to 4-cell transition of murine pre-implantation embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianyu Tan
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongru Pan
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anhua Lei
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Zhu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyan Xu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghao Sheng
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, and Cancer Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Xu
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, and Cancer Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, 311121, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
- Center of Gene/Cell Engineering and Genome Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Loch FN, Klein O, Beyer K, Klauschen F, Schineis C, Lauscher JC, Margonis GA, Degro CE, Rayya W, Kamphues C. Peptide Signatures for Prognostic Markers of Pancreatic Cancer by MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1033. [PMID: 34681132 PMCID: PMC8533220 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the overall poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer there is heterogeneity in clinical courses of tumors not assessed by conventional risk stratification. This yields the need of additional markers for proper assessment of prognosis and multimodal clinical management. We provide a proof of concept study evaluating the feasibility of Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to identify specific peptide signatures linked to prognostic parameters of pancreatic cancer. On 18 patients with exocrine pancreatic cancer after tumor resection, MALDI imaging analysis was performed additional to histopathological assessment. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore discrimination of peptide signatures of prognostic histopathological features and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) to identify which specific m/z values are the most discriminative between the prognostic subgroups of patients. Out of 557 aligned m/z values discriminate peptide signatures for the prognostic histopathological features lymphatic vessel invasion (pL, 16 m/z values, eight proteins), nodal metastasis (pN, two m/z values, one protein) and angioinvasion (pV, 4 m/z values, two proteins) were identified. These results yield proof of concept that MALDI-MSI of pancreatic cancer tissue is feasible to identify peptide signatures of prognostic relevance and can augment risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian N. Loch
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (K.B.); (C.S.); (J.C.L.); (C.E.D.); (W.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Oliver Klein
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Regenerative Therapies BCRT, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Katharina Beyer
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (K.B.); (C.S.); (J.C.L.); (C.E.D.); (W.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Institute for Pathology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- Institute for Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 München, Germany
| | - Christian Schineis
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (K.B.); (C.S.); (J.C.L.); (C.E.D.); (W.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Johannes C. Lauscher
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (K.B.); (C.S.); (J.C.L.); (C.E.D.); (W.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Georgios A. Margonis
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Claudius E. Degro
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (K.B.); (C.S.); (J.C.L.); (C.E.D.); (W.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Wael Rayya
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (K.B.); (C.S.); (J.C.L.); (C.E.D.); (W.R.); (C.K.)
| | - Carsten Kamphues
- Department of Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (K.B.); (C.S.); (J.C.L.); (C.E.D.); (W.R.); (C.K.)
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21
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Oien DB, Sarkar Bhattacharya S, Chien J, Molina J, Shridhar V. Quinacrine Has Preferential Anticancer Effects on Mesothelioma Cells With Inactivating NF2 Mutations. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:750352. [PMID: 34621176 PMCID: PMC8490927 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.750352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a rare cancer with disproportionately higher death rates for shipping and mining populations. These patients have few treatment options, which can be partially attributed to limited chemotherapy responses for tumors. We initially hypothesized that quinacrine could be combined with cisplatin or pemetrexed to synergistically eliminate mesothelioma cells. The combination with cisplatin resulted in synergistic cell death and the combination with pemetrexed was not synergistic, although novel artificially-generated pemetrexed-resistant cells were more sensitive to quinacrine. Unexpectedly, we discovered cells with NF2 mutations were very sensitive to quinacrine. This change of quinacrine sensitivity was confirmed by NF2 ectopic expression and knockdown in NF2 mutant and wildtype cell lines, respectively. There are few common mutations in mesothelioma and inactivating NF2 mutations are present in up to 60% of these tumors. We found quinacrine alters the expression of over 3000 genes in NF2-mutated cells that were significantly different than quinacrine-induced changes in NF2 wildtype cells. Changes to NF2/hippo pathway biomarkers were validated at the mRNA and protein levels. Additionally, quinacrine induces a G1 phase cell cycle arrest in NF2-mutated cells versus the S phase arrest in NF2-wildtype cells. This study suggests quinacrine may have repurposing potential for a large subset of mesothelioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek B Oien
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Julian Molina
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Viji Shridhar
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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22
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Valosin-Containing Protein (VCP)/p97: A Prognostic Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810177. [PMID: 34576340 PMCID: PMC8469696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, a member of the AAA+ ATPase family, is a molecular chaperone recruited to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by binding to membrane adapters (nuclear protein localization protein 4 (NPL4), p47 and ubiquitin regulatory X (UBX) domain-containing protein 1 (UBXD1)), where it is involved in ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). However, VCP/p97 interacts with many cofactors to participate in different cellular processes that are critical for cancer cell survival and aggressiveness. Indeed, VCP/p97 is reported to be overexpressed in many cancer types and is considered a potential cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. This review summarizes the role of VCP/p97 in different cancers and the advances in the discovery of small-molecule inhibitors with therapeutic potential, focusing on the challenges associated with cancer-related VCP mutations in the mechanisms of resistance to inhibitors.
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23
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Quinacrine Induces Nucleolar Stress in Treatment-Refractory Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184645. [PMID: 34572872 PMCID: PMC8466834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable subset of gynecologic cancer patients experience disease recurrence or acquired resistance, which contributes to high mortality rates in ovarian cancer (OC). Our prior studies showed that quinacrine (QC), an antimalarial drug, enhanced chemotherapy sensitivity in treatment-refractory OC cells, including artificially generated chemoresistant and high-grade serous OC cells. In this study, we investigated QC-induced transcriptomic changes to uncover its cytotoxic mechanisms of action. Isogenic pairs of OC cells generated to be chemoresistant and their chemosensitive counterparts were treated with QC followed by RNA-seq analysis. Validation of selected expression results and database comparison analyses indicated the ribosomal biogenesis (RBG) pathway is inhibited by QC. RBG is commonly upregulated in cancer cells and is emerging as a drug target. We found that QC attenuates the in vitro and in vivo expression of nucleostemin (NS/GNL3), a nucleolar RBG and DNA repair protein, and the RPA194 catalytic subunit of Pol I that results in RBG inhibition and nucleolar stress. QC promotes the redistribution of fibrillarin in the form of extranuclear foci and nucleolar caps, an indicator of nucleolar stress conditions. In addition, we found that QC-induced downregulation of NS disrupted homologous recombination repair both by reducing NS protein levels and PARylation resulting in reduced RAD51 recruitment to DNA damage. Our data suggest that QC inhibits RBG and this inhibition promotes DNA damage by directly downregulating the NS-RAD51 interaction. Additionally, QC showed strong synergy with PARP inhibitors in OC cells. Overall, we found that QC downregulates the RBG pathway, induces nucleolar stress, supports the increase of DNA damage, and sensitizes cells to PARP inhibition, which supports new therapeutic stratagems for treatment-refractory OC. Our work offers support for targeting RBG in OC and determines NS to be a novel target for QC.
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24
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Salubrinal Enhances Cancer Cell Death during Glucose Deprivation through the Upregulation of xCT and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091101. [PMID: 34572286 PMCID: PMC8466651 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have the metabolic flexibility to adapt to heterogeneous tumor microenvironments. The integrated stress response (ISR) regulates the cellular adaptation response during nutrient stress. However, the issue of how the ISR regulates metabolic flexibility is still poorly understood. In this study, we activated the ISR using salubrinal in cancer cells and found that salubrinal repressed cell growth, colony formation, and migration but did not induce cell death in a glucose-containing condition. Under a glucose-deprivation condition, salubrinal induced cell death and increased the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). We found that these effects of salubrinal and glucose deprivation were associated with the upregulation of xCT (SLC7A11), which functions as an antiporter of cystine and glutamate and maintains the level of glutathione to maintain redox homeostasis. The upregulation of xCT did not protect cells from oxidative stress-mediated cell death but promoted it during glucose deprivation. In addition, the supplementation of ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine and the maintenance of intracellular levels of amino acids via sulfasalazine (xCT inhibitor) or dimethyl-α-ketoglutarate decreased the levels of mitochondrial ROS and protected cells from death. Our results suggested that salubrinal enhances cancer cell death during glucose deprivation through the upregulation of xCT and mitochondrial oxidative stress.
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25
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Zeki ÖC, Nenni M, Çelebier M, Öncül S, Ercan A, Süslü İ, Haznedaroğlu İC. Antitumor activity of Ankaferd Blood Stopper® on MCF-7 breast cancer: A proteomic approach to ascertain the mechanism of the action. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Bower JJ, Song L, Bastola P, Hirsch ML. Harnessing the Natural Biology of Adeno-Associated Virus to Enhance the Efficacy of Cancer Gene Therapy. Viruses 2021; 13:v13071205. [PMID: 34201599 PMCID: PMC8309980 DOI: 10.3390/v13071205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) was first characterized as small “defective” contaminant particles in a simian adenovirus preparation in 1965. Since then, a recombinant platform of AAV (rAAV) has become one of the leading candidates for gene therapy applications resulting in two FDA-approved treatments for rare monogenic diseases and many more currently in various phases of the pharmaceutical development pipeline. Herein, we summarize rAAV approaches for the treatment of diverse types of cancers and highlight the natural anti-oncogenic effects of wild-type AAV (wtAAV), including interactions with the cellular host machinery, that are of relevance to enhance current treatment strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn J. Bower
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (L.S.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.B.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Liujiang Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (L.S.); (P.B.)
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Prabhakar Bastola
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (L.S.); (P.B.)
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew L. Hirsch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (L.S.); (P.B.)
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Correspondence: (J.J.B.); (M.L.H.)
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27
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Yarza R, Bover M, Agulló-Ortuño MT, Iglesias-Docampo LC. Current approach and novel perspectives in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the role of targeting proteasome dysregulation as a molecular landmark in nasopharyngeal cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:202. [PMID: 34154654 PMCID: PMC8215824 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) represents a molecularly paradigmatic tumor given the complex diversity of environmental as well as host dependent factors that are closely implicated in tissue transformation and carcinogenesis. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) plays a key role in tissue invasion, hyperplasia and malignant transformation. Therefore, EBV related oncoviral proteins such as Latent Membrane Protein family (LMP1, LMP2), Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1) and EBV related glycoprotein B (gB) are responsible for inducing intracellular signalling aberrations leading to sustained proliferation and further acquisition of NPC related invasive nature and metastatic potential.Dysregulation of proteasome signaling seems to be centrally implicated in oncoviral protein stabilization as well as in modulating tumor microenvironment. Different studies in vitro and in vivo suggest a potential role of proteasome inhibitors in the therapeutic setting of NPC. Furthermore, alterations affecting proteasome signalling in NPC have been associated to tumor growth and invasion, distant metastasis, immune exclusion and resistance as well as to clinical poor prognosis. So on, recent studies have shown the efficacy of immunotherapy as a suitable therapeutic approach to NPC. Nevertheless, novel strategies seem to look for combinatorial regimens aiming to potentiate immune recognition as well as to restore both primary and acquired immune resistance.In this work, our goal is to thoroughly review the molecular implications of proteasome dysregulation in the molecular pathogenesis of NPC, together with their direct relationship with EBV related oncoviral proteins and their role in promoting immune evasion and resistance. We also aim to hypothesize about the feasibility of the use of proteasome inhibitors as part of immunotherapy-including combinatorial regimens for their potential role in reversing immune resistance and favouring tumor recognition and eventual tumor death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Yarza
- Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitarioss 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, E-28041, Madrid, Spain. .,Clinical and Translational Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mateo Bover
- Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitarioss 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, E-28041, Madrid, Spain.,Clinical and Translational Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Agulló-Ortuño
- Clinical and Translational Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain. .,Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program (H12O-CNIO), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Networking Centre: Oncology (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. .,Facultad de Fisioterapia y Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha (UCLM), Toledo, Spain.
| | - Lara Carmen Iglesias-Docampo
- Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitarioss 12 de Octubre, Avda. Córdoba s/n, E-28041, Madrid, Spain.,Clinical and Translational Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (I+12), Madrid, Spain.,Lung Cancer Group, Clinical Research Program (H12O-CNIO), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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28
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Analysis of Zika virus capsid-Aedes aegypti mosquito interactome reveals pro-viral host factors critical for establishing infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2766. [PMID: 33986255 PMCID: PMC8119459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalating global prevalence of arboviral diseases emphasizes the need to improve our understanding of their biology. Research in this area has been hindered by the lack of molecular tools for studying virus-mosquito interactions. Here, we develop an Aedes aegypti cell line which stably expresses Zika virus (ZIKV) capsid proteins in order to study virus-vector protein-protein interactions through quantitative label-free proteomics. We identify 157 interactors and show that eight have potentially pro-viral activity during ZIKV infection in mosquito cells. Notably, silencing of transitional endoplasmic reticulum protein TER94 prevents ZIKV capsid degradation and significantly reduces viral replication. Similar results are observed if the TER94 ortholog (VCP) functioning is blocked with inhibitors in human cells. In addition, we show that an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, UBR5, mediates the interaction between TER94 and ZIKV capsid. Our study demonstrates a pro-viral function for TER94/VCP during ZIKV infection that is conserved between human and mosquito cells.
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29
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Valosin-containing protein/p97 plays critical roles in the Japanese encephalitis virus life cycle. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.02336-20. [PMID: 33731458 PMCID: PMC8139707 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02336-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Host factors provide critical support for every aspect of the virus life cycle. We recently identified the valosin-containing protein (VCP)/p97, an abundant cellular ATPase with diverse cellular functions, as a host factor important for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) replication. In cultured cells, using siRNA-mediated protein depletion and pharmacological inhibitors, we show that VCP is crucial for replication of three flaviviruses: JEV, Dengue, and West Nile viruses. An FDA-approved VCP inhibitor, CB-5083, extended survival of mice in the animal model of JEV infection. While VCP depletion did not inhibit JEV attachment on cells, it delayed capsid degradation, potentially through the entrapment of the endocytosed virus in clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). Early during infection, VCP-depleted cells showed an increased colocalization of JEV capsid with clathrin, and also higher viral RNA levels in purified CCVs. We show that VCP interacts with the JEV nonstructural protein NS5 and is an essential component of the virus replication complex. The depletion of the major VCP cofactor UFD-1 also significantly inhibited JEV replication. Mechanistically, thus, VCP affected two crucial steps of the JEV life cycle - nucleocapsid release and RNA replication. Our study establishes VCP as a common host factor with a broad antiviral potential against flaviviruses.ImportanceJEV is the leading cause of viral encephalitis epidemics in South-east Asia, affecting majorly children with high morbidity and mortality. Identification of host factors is thus essential for the rational design of anti-virals that are urgently need as therapeutics. Here we have identified the VCP protein as one such host-factor. This protein is highly abundant in cells and engages in diverse functions and cellular pathways by its ability to interact with different co-factors. Using siRNA mediated protein knockdown, we show that this protein is essential for release of the viral RNA into the cell so that it can initiate replication. The protein plays a second crucial role for the formation of the JEV replication complex. FDA-approved drugs targeting VCP show enhanced mouse survival in JE model of disease, suggesting that this could be a druggable target for flavivirus infections.
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30
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Pawlak A, Bajzert J, Bugiel K, Hernández Suárez B, Kutkowska J, Rapak A, Hildebrand W, Obmińska-Mrukowicz B, Freire R, Smits VAJ. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 as a potential therapeutic target in dogs with hematopoietic malignancies. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1041-1051. [PMID: 33650720 PMCID: PMC7995420 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7) belongs to the group of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin which controls various cellular processes such as chromosome segregation, DNA repair, gene expression, protein localization, kinase activity, protein degradation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. It is critical for several important functions in the cell, and therefore dysregulation of USP7 can contribute to tumorigenesis. Objectives Alterations in the USP7 protein have been identified in various malignancies of humans. Our aim was to examine whether USP7 could be a potential therapeutic target in hematopoietic cancers of dogs. Methods The expression level of USP7 in lymphocytes from healthy dogs and canine lymphoma cells was determined, and the effect of USP7 inhibition on the vital functions of canine cancer cells was examined. Results We showed that USP7 was overexpressed in lymphomas in dogs. The USP7 inhibitor P5091 has selective cytotoxic activity in canine lymphoma and leukemia cell lines. Our results indicate that inhibition of USP7 leads to a disruption of cell cycle progression, and triggers DNA damage and apoptosis. The observed proapoptotic effect of the USP7 inhibitor most likely is not dependent on the p53 pathway. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Our results suggest that USP7 could be explored as a potential therapeutic target in dogs with lymphoma. The effectiveness of USP7 inhibition in malignant cells is predicted to be independent of their p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bajzert
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bugiel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beatriz Hernández Suárez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Kutkowska
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Poland
| | - Andrzej Rapak
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Raimundo Freire
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, FIISC, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Veronique A J Smits
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, FIISC, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.,Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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31
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Nakkas H, Ocal BG, Kipel S, Akcan G, Sahin C, Ardicoglu A, Cayli S. Ubiquitin proteasome system and autophagy associated proteins in human testicular tumors. Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101513. [PMID: 33677201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin proteasome sytem (UPS) and autophagy govern protein quality control by degradation and clearance of damaged proteins. Many proteins working in these pathways such as p97/VCP, Ubiquitin (Ub), Jab1/CSN5, p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 are known to be essential for different pathological conditions, especially in cancer, but their expression in human testicular tumors has not been characterized yet. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the expression of UPS (p97/VCP, Ubiquitin, Jab1/CSN5) and autophagic (p62, LC3B, Beclin 1) proteins in human testicular tumors and cancer adjacent normal testicular tissues. We used an immunohistochemical staining technique. 120 cases of testicular germ and non-germ cell tumors, which are 42 seminomas, 31 embryonal carcinomas, 11 yolk sac tumors, 25 intratubular germ cell neoplasms, 6 Leydig cell tumors, 5 Sertoli cell tumors, were collected and evaluated on tissue microarray. For the first time, the expression of p97/VCP, Ub, Jab1/CSN5, p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 in different type of human testicular tumors has been confirmed. We found that p97/VCP, Ub and Jab1/CSN5 were frequently expressed at higher levels in testicular tumours. In contrast to UPS markers, p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 showed significantly diminished expressions in testicular tumors. Accordingly, a negative correlation between p97/VCP and autophagic markers (p62 and LC3B) was found, suggesting a relationship between UPS and autophagy in different type of testicular tumors. The current results displayed elevated level of p97/VCP, Ub and Jab1/CSN5 expressions in contrast to the diminished expression of p62, LC3B and Beclin 1 in human testicular tumors, thereby supporting a correlation between p97/VCP and autophagic markers in testicular tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Nakkas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Seyma Kipel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulben Akcan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arslan Ardicoglu
- Department of Urology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Cayli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Desdicioglu R, Sahin C, Yavuz F, Cayli S. Disruption of p97/VCP induces autophagosome accumulation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human choriocarcinoma cells. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2163-2171. [PMID: 33620660 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gestational choriocarcinoma is aggressive trophoblastic disease. The development, progression and the cure of this disease is not well-established. p97/Valosin containing protein has been shown to play critical roles in many cellular processes. In various cancers, higher expression of p97/VCP has been reported and targeting of p97/VCP with its spesific inhibitors or siRNA's (siVCP) in cancer therapy was suggested. However, no study is avaible about the expression and function of p97/VCP in gestational choriocarcinoma. Hence, the aim of the study was to evaluate effects of p97/VCP inhibitor, DBeQ and siVCP on choriocarcinoma cells. We use human placental choriocarcinoma cell line (Jeg3) as model to find out the effects of DBeQ and VCP siRNA's (siVCP) on apoptotic and autophagic pathway by immunflouroscence staining, Western blotting, qPCR and flow-cytometry. p97/VCP siRNA's and DBeQ induced accumulation of autophagic proteins, LC3II and p62 in the cytoplasm of Jeg3 cells detected. Concurrently, Jeg3 cells treated with DBeQ and siVCP demonstrated G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, accompanied by accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins. Moreover, disruption of p97/VCP by siRNA and DBeQ inhibited cancer cell growth managing the caspases-3 and -7. Our results show that inhibition of p97/VCP activity with DBeQ and depletion of p97/VCP expression with siRNA in Jeg3 cells induce caspase activation, inhibits cell proliferation and leads to a defect in autophagosome maturation, thus providing potential target for the prevention and treatment of choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziye Desdicioglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Yavuz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevil Cayli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
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De Souza C, Madden J, Koestler DC, Minn D, Montoya DJ, Minn K, Raetz AG, Zhu Z, Xiao WW, Tahmassebi N, Reddy H, Nelson N, Karnezis AN, Chien J. Effect of the p53 P72R Polymorphism on Mutant TP53 Allele Selection in Human Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:1246-1257. [PMID: 33555293 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53 mutations occur in more than 50% of cancers. We sought to determine the effect of the intragenic P72R SNP (rs1042522) on the oncogenic properties of mutant p53. METHODS P72R allelic selection in tumors was determined from genotype calls and a Gaussian distributed mixture model. The SNP effect on mutant p53 was determined in p53-negative cancer cell lines. RNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and survival analysis were performed to describe the SNP effect. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS Among 409 patients with germline heterozygous P72R SNP who harbored somatic mutations in TP53, we observed a selection bias against missense TP53 mutants encoding the P72 SNP (P = 1.64 x 10-13). Exogenously expressed hotspot p53 mutants with the P72 SNP were negatively selected in cancer cells. Gene expression analyses showed the enrichment of p53 pathway genes and inflammatory genes in cancer cells transduced with mutants encoding P72 SNP. Immune gene signature is enriched in patients harboring missense TP53 mutations with homozygous P72 SNP. These patients have improved overall survival as compared to those with the R72 SNP (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION This is the largest study demonstrating a selection against the P72 SNP. Missense p53 mutants with the P72 SNP retain partial wild type tumor-suppressive functions, which may explain the selection bias against P72 SNP across cancer types. Ovarian cancer patients with the P72 SNP have a better prognosis than with the R72 SNP. Our study describes a previously unknown role through which the rs1042522 SNP modifies tumor suppressor activities of mutant p53 in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristabelle De Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA.,University of New Mexico Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Albuquerque, NM.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Stanford, CA
| | - Jill Madden
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research and The Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Dennis Minn
- College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Dennis J Montoya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Kay Minn
- Novogene Corporation, Sacramento, CA
| | - Alan G Raetz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Wen-Wu Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Neeki Tahmassebi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Harikumara Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Nina Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Anthony N Karnezis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA
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Cayli S, Sahin C, Sanci TO, Nakkas H. Inhibition of p97/VCP function leads to defective autophagosome maturation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in mouse Sertoli cells. Theriogenology 2020; 158:196-206. [PMID: 32966945 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP) is expressed in many cells and plays critical functions in a broad range of diverse cellular processes. Because it is expressed in the mouse testes, predominantly in Sertoli cells, and is known to play a critical role in autophagy and apoptosis in different cell types, we set out to investigate its function in autophagosome maturation, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a mouse Sertoli cell line. To study the mechanism of p97/VCP action, p97/VCP siRNA and a specific p97/VCP inhibitor, N2,N4-dibenzylquinazoline-2,4-diamine (DBeQ), were used in the mouse 15P1 Sertoli cell line. Loss of p97/VCP activity due to DBeQ exposure and silencing of p97/VCP (siVCP) expression results in autophagosome (LC3 and p62) accumulation in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells. The coexpression of autophagosomal and lysosomal markers (LAMP1 and LAMP2) was reduced in cells in which p97/VCP expression had been inactivated. To better understand in which step of autophagy p97/VCP functions, the interaction between autophagosomal and autolysosomal markers was studied by coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization experiments. The interaction between autophagosomal markers and lysosomal markers decreased in siVCP-expressing and DBeQ-exposed cells. Moreover, the expression of siVCP and DBeQ exposure caused cytoplasmic vacuolation, induced caspase 3-7-mediated cell death and decreased cell cycle progression in mouse Sertoli cells. Taken together, the results show that p97/VCP is essential for autophagosome maturation and cell survival in mouse Sertoli cells. When these functions are prevented, impaired autophagy and apoptosis may have a detrimental effect on germ cells and cause male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevil Cayli
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Medical Faculty, Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Cansu Sahin
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Medical Faculty, Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tuba Ozdemir Sanci
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Medical Faculty, Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hilal Nakkas
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Medical Faculty, Dept. of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey
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Chen H, Gotimer K, De Souza C, Tepper CG, Karnezis AN, Leiserowitz GS, Chien J, Smith LH. Short-term organoid culture for drug sensitivity testing of high-grade serous carcinoma. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 157:783-792. [PMID: 32253045 PMCID: PMC7819712 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) grow as three dimensional (3D) structures in the presence of extracellular matrix and have been found to represent the original tumor's genetic complexity. In addition, PDOs can be grown and subjected to drug sensitivity testing in a shorter time course and with lesser expense than patient-derived xenograft models. Many patients with recurrent ovarian cancer develop malignant effusions that become refractory to chemotherapy. Since these same patients often present for palliative aspiration of ascites or pleural effusions, there is a potential opportunity to obtain tumor specimens in the form of multicellular spheroids (MCS) present in malignant effusion fluids. Our objective was to develop a short duration culture of MCS from ovarian cancer malignant effusions in conditions selected to support organoid growth and use them as a platform for empirical drug sensitivity testing. METHODS In this study, malignant effusion specimens were collected from patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). MCS were recovered and subjected to culture conditions designed to support organoid growth. In a subset of specimens, RNA-sequencing was performed at two time points during the short-term culture to determine changes in transcriptome in response to culture conditions. Organoid induction was also characterized in these specimens using Ki67 staining and histologic analysis. Drug sensitivity testing was performed on all specimens. RESULTS Our model describes organoids formed within days of primary culture, which can recapitulate the histological features of malignant ascites fluid and can be expanded for at least 6 days. RNA-seq analysis of four patient specimens showed that within 6 days of culture, there was significant up-regulation of genes related to cellular proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and KRAS signaling pathways. Drug sensitivity testing identified several agents with therapeutic potential. CONCLUSIONS Short duration organoid culture of MCS from HGSOC malignant effusions can be used as a platform for empiric drug sensitivity testing. These ex vivo models may be helpful in screening new or existing therapeutic agents prior to individualized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Kristin Gotimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Cristabelle De Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Clifford G Tepper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Anthony N Karnezis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Gary S Leiserowitz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Chien
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America.
| | - Lloyd H Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States of America.
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36
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Her NG, Kesari S, Nurmemmedov E. Thrombospondin-1 counteracts the p97 inhibitor CB-5083 in colon carcinoma cells. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1590-1601. [PMID: 32423265 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1754584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
p97 has recently emerged as a therapeutic target for cancer due to its essential functions in protein homeostasis. CB-5083 is a first-in-class, potent and selective ATP-competitive p97 inhibitor that induces proteotoxic stress in cancer cells. Potential mechanisms regulating the sensitivity of cells to p97 inhibition remain poorly studied. Here, we demonstrate that Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) is a CB-5083-upregulated gene that helps confer resistance of HCT116 cells to CB-5083. Our immunoblotting and immunofluorescence data showed that CB-5083 significantly increases the steady-state abundance of THBS1. Blockade of THBS1 induction sensitized cells to CB-5083-mediated growth inhibition. Suppression of THBS1 caused an increase of CB-5083-induced sub-G1 population and caspase 3/7 activity suggesting that its function is linked to the survival of cancer cells in response to p97 inhibition. Altogether our data provide new evidence that THBS1 is important for the susceptibility of cells to p97 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Gu Her
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences , Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neuro-sciences and Neuro-therapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center , Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Current Address: Samsung Medical Center , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Current Address: Samsung Medical Center , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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37
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Choi J, Topouza DG, Tarnouskaya A, Nesdoly S, Koti M, Duan QL. Gene networks and expression quantitative trait loci associated with adjuvant chemotherapy response in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:413. [PMID: 32404140 PMCID: PMC7218510 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major impediment in the treatment of ovarian cancer is the relapse of chemotherapy-resistant tumors, which occurs in approximately 25% of patients. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy resistance will improve treatment efficacy through genetic testing and novel therapies. METHODS Using data from high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we classified those who remained progression-free for 12 months following platinum-taxane combination chemotherapy as "chemo-sensitive" (N = 160) and those who had recurrence within 6 months as "chemo-resistant" (N = 110). Univariate and multivariate analysis of expression microarray data were used to identify differentially expressed genes and co-expression gene networks associated with chemotherapy response. Moreover, we integrated genomics data to determine expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). RESULTS Differential expression of the Valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene and five co-expression gene networks were significantly associated with chemotherapy response in HGSOC. VCP and the most significant co-expression network module contribute to protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, which has been implicated in chemotherapy response. Both univariate and multivariate analysis findings were successfully replicated in an independent ovarian cancer cohort. Furthermore, we identified 192 cis-eQTLs associated with the expression of network genes and 4 cis-eQTLs associated with BRCA2 expression. CONCLUSION This study implicates both known and novel genes as well as biological processes underlying response to platinum-taxane-based chemotherapy among HGSOC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danai G Topouza
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Sean Nesdoly
- School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qing Ling Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
- School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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38
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Tuna M, Liu W, Amos CI, Mills GB. Genome-Wide Profiling of Acquired Uniparental Disomy Reveals Prognostic Factors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Neoplasia 2019; 21:1102-1109. [PMID: 31734631 PMCID: PMC6889229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired uniparental disomy (aUPD) leads to homozygosity facilitating identification of monoallelically expressed genes. We analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphism array-based genotyping data of 448 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas to determine the frequency and distribution of aUPD regions and their association with survival, as well as to gain a better understanding of their influence on the tumor genome. We used expression data from the same dataset to identify differentially expressed genes between groups with and without aUPD. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were performed for survival analysis. We found that 82.14% of HNSCC samples carried aUPD; the most common regions were in chromosome 17p (31.25%), 9p (30.13%), and 9q (27.46%). In univariate analysis, five independent aUPD regions at chromosome 9p, two regions at chromosome 9q, and the CDKN2A region were associated with poor overall survival in all groups, including training and test sets and human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative samples. Forty-three genes in areas of aUPD including PD-L1 and CDKN2A were differentially expressed in samples with aUPD compared to samples without aUPD. In multivariable analysis, aUPD at the CDKN2A region was a significant predictor of overall survival in the whole cohort and in patients with HPV-negative HNSCC. aUPD at specific regions in the genome influences clinical outcomes of HNSCC and may be beneficial for selection of personalized therapy to prolong survival in patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaffe Tuna
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR; Precision Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
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Fletcher A, Read ML, Thornton CEM, Larner DP, Poole VL, Brookes K, Nieto HR, Alshahrani M, Thompson RJ, Lavery GG, Landa I, Fagin JA, Campbell MJ, Boelaert K, Turnell AS, Smith VE, McCabe CJ. Targeting Novel Sodium Iodide Symporter Interactors ADP-Ribosylation Factor 4 and Valosin-Containing Protein Enhances Radioiodine Uptake. Cancer Res 2019; 80:102-115. [PMID: 31672844 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is required for iodide uptake, which facilitates thyroid hormone biosynthesis. NIS has been exploited for over 75 years in ablative radioiodine (RAI) treatment of thyroid cancer, where its ability to transport radioisotopes depends on its localization to the plasma membrane. The advent of NIS-based in vivo imaging and theranostic strategies in other malignancies and disease modalities has recently increased the clinical importance of NIS. However, NIS trafficking remains ill-defined. Here, we used tandem mass spectrometry followed by coimmunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays to identify and validate two key nodes-ADP-ribosylation factor 4 (ARF4) and valosin-containing protein (VCP)-controlling NIS trafficking. Using cell-surface biotinylation assays and highly inclined and laminated optical sheet microscopy, we demonstrated that ARF4 enhanced NIS vesicular trafficking from the Golgi to the plasma membrane, whereas VCP-a principal component of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation-governed NIS proteolysis. Gene expression analysis indicated VCP expression was particularly induced in aggressive thyroid cancers and in patients who had poorer outcomes following RAI treatment. Two repurposed FDA-approved VCP inhibitors abrogated VCP-mediated repression of NIS function, resulting in significantly increased NIS at the cell-surface and markedly increased RAI uptake in mouse and human thyroid models. Collectively, these discoveries delineate NIS trafficking and highlight the new possibility of systemically enhancing RAI therapy in patients using FDA-approved drugs. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that ARF4 and VCP are involved in NIS trafficking to the plasma membrane and highlight the possible therapeutic role of VCP inhibitors in enhancing radioiodine effectiveness in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fletcher
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin L Read
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Caitlin E M Thornton
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dean P Larner
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vikki L Poole
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Brookes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah R Nieto
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Alshahrani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Thompson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Iñigo Landa
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James A Fagin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Moray J Campbell
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kristien Boelaert
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S Turnell
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vicki E Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J McCabe
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Zhu MX, Wei CY, Zhang PF, Gao DM, Chen J, Zhao Y, Dong SS, Liu BB. Elevated TRIP13 drives the AKT/mTOR pathway to induce the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via interacting with ACTN4. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:409. [PMID: 31533816 PMCID: PMC6749659 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities (AAA ATPase) family members are closely linked to tumor formation and progression. However, their roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) largely remain unclear. METHODS Bioinformatic analyses of public databases were used to excavate the potential AAA ATPases that may contribute to HCC, and thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13 (TRIP13) was selected to following researches because of its most prominently differential expression. Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of TRIP13 in HCC tissues, and then the relationship between TRIP13 expression and clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Finally, its functions and potential mechanisms were investigated through a series gain- and loss-of-function strategies both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS TRIP13 was significantly overexpressed in HCC tissues and high level of TRIP13 was closely correlated with a worse clinical outcome. Functionally, elevated TRIP13 facilitated cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and promoted cellular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, while promote tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, TRIP13 interacted with ACTN4 and positively regulated its expression, thus activating the AKT/mTOR pathway to drive tumor progression. Moreover, miR-192-5p served as an upstream regulator of TRIP13 by directly binding to TRIP13 mRNA 3' UTR, which may partially explain the high expression of TRIP13 in HCC. CONCLUSION Our findings identified TRIP13 as a promising candidate oncogene in HCC, and TRIP13 induced cell migration, invasion and metastasis of HCC through the AKT/mTOR signaling via interacting with ACTN4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xuan Zhu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Wei
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 FengLin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong-Mei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bin-Bin Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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41
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Luo H, Song H, Mao R, Gao Q, Feng Z, Wang N, Song S, Jiao R, Ni P, Ge H. Targeting valosin-containing protein enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3464-3475. [PMID: 31454136 PMCID: PMC6825005 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming resistance to radiation is a great challenge in cancer therapy. Here, we highlight that targeting valosin‐containing protein (VCP) improves radiation sensitivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines and show the potential of using VCP as a prognosis marker in locally advanced ESCC treated with radiation therapy. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with high VCP expression were treated with VCP inhibitor combined with radiotherapy. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell death, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling were evaluated. Moreover, patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced ESCC who were treated with radiotherapy were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of VCP. The correlation between overall survival and VCP was investigated. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells treated with VCP inhibitor and radiotherapy showed attenuated cell proliferation and colony formation and enhanced apoptosis. Further investigation showed this combined strategy activated the ER stress signaling involved in unfolded protein response, and inhibited the ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Clinical analysis revealed a significant survival benefit in the low VCP expression group. Targeting VCP resulted in antitumor activity and enhanced the efficacy of radiation therapy in ESCC cells in vitro. Valosin‐containing protein is a promising and novel target. In patients with locally advanced ESCC who received radiotherapy, VCP can be considered as a useful prognostic indicator of overall survival. Valosin‐containing protein inhibitors could be developed for use as effective cancer therapies, in combination with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hengli Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ronghu Mao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Song
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruidi Jiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peizan Ni
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Ge
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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42
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Genome-scale CRISPR knockout screen identifies TIGAR as a modifier of PARP inhibitor sensitivity. Commun Biol 2019; 2:335. [PMID: 31508509 PMCID: PMC6733792 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of cancer with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors is currently limited to cells defective in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Identification of genetic targets that induce or mimic HR deficiencies will extend the clinical utility of PARP inhibitors. Here we perform a CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-scale loss-of-function screen, using the sensitivity of PARP inhibitor olaparib as a surrogate. We identify C12orf5, encoding TP53 induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), as a modifier of PARP inhibitor response. We show that TIGAR is amplified in several cancer types, and higher expression of TIGAR associates with poor overall survival in ovarian cancer. TIGAR knockdown enhances sensitivity to olaparib in cancer cells via downregulation of BRCA1 and the Fanconi anemia pathway and increases senescence of these cells by affecting metabolic pathways and increasing the cytotoxic effects of olaparib. Our results indicate TIGAR should be explored as a therapeutic target for treating cancer and extending the use of PARP inhibitors. Pingping Fang et al. report a CRISPR/Cas9-based genome-scale loss-of-function screen identifying TIGAR as a modifier of response to PARP inhibition. The authors find that knockdown of TIGAR increases intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, enhances more DNA damage after olaparib treatment, and induces a state of “BRCAness”, suggesting that TIGAR is a potential therapeutic target in ovarian cancer patients.
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43
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Heterozygous mutations in valosin-containing protein (VCP) and resistance to VCP inhibitors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11002. [PMID: 31358864 PMCID: PMC6662852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, multiple studies including ours have reported on the mechanism of resistance towards valosin-containing protein (VCP) inhibitors. While all these studies reported target alterations via mutations in VCP as the primary mechanism of resistance, discrepancies persist to date regarding the zygosity of these mutations responsible for the resistance. In addition, the extent to which resistant cells harbor additional mutations in other genes is not well described. In this study, we performed global transcript analysis of the parental and previously reported VCP inhibitor (CB-5083) resistant cells and found additional mutations in the resistant cells. However, our CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing studies indicate that specific mutations in VCP are sufficient to produce resistance to CB-5083 suggesting the importance of on-target mutations in VCP for resistance. Strikingly, our analysis indicates a preexisting heterozygous frameshift mutation at codon 616 (N616fs*) in one of the VCP alleles in HCT116 cells, and we showed that this mutant allele is subjected to the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Accordingly, we identified a heterozygous mutation at codon 526 (L526S) in genomic DNA sequencing but a homozygous L526S mutation in complementary DNA sequencing in our independently generated CB-5083 resistant HCT116 cells, implying that the L526S mutation occurs in the allele that does not harbor the frameshift N616fs* mutation. Our results suggest the NMD as a possible mechanism for achieving the homozygosity of VCP mutant responsible for the resistance to VCP inhibitors while resolving the discrepancies among previous studies. Our results also underscore the importance of performing simultaneous genomic and complementary DNA sequencing when attributing mutational effects on the functionality particularly for an oligomer protein like VCP.
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44
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Rycenga HB, Wolfe KB, Yeh ES, Long DT. Uncoupling of p97 ATPase activity has a dominant negative effect on protein extraction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10329. [PMID: 31316150 PMCID: PMC6637110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46949-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p97 is a highly abundant, homohexameric AAA+ ATPase that performs a variety of essential cellular functions. Characterized as a ubiquitin-selective chaperone, p97 recognizes proteins conjugated to K48-linked polyubiquitin chains and promotes their removal from chromatin and other molecular complexes. Changes in p97 expression or activity are associated with the development of cancer and several related neurodegenerative disorders. Although pathogenic p97 mutations cluster in and around p97’s ATPase domains, mutant proteins display normal or elevated ATPase activity. Here, we show that one of the most common p97 mutations (R155C) retains ATPase activity, but is functionally defective. p97-R155C can be recruited to ubiquitinated substrates on chromatin, but is unable to promote substrate removal. As a result, p97-R155C acts as a dominant negative, blocking protein extraction by a similar mechanism to that observed when p97’s ATPase activity is inhibited or inactivated. However, unlike ATPase-deficient proteins, p97-R155C consumes excess ATP, which can hinder high-energy processes. Together, our results shed new insight into how pathogenic mutations in p97 alter its cellular function, with implications for understanding the etiology and treatment of p97-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley B Rycenga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Kelly B Wolfe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - David T Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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45
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Jang H, Jang ER, Wilson PG, Anderson D, Galperin E. VCP/p97 controls signals of the ERK1/2 pathway transmitted via the Shoc2 scaffolding complex: novel insights into IBMPFD pathology. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1655-1663. [PMID: 31091164 PMCID: PMC6727759 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-03-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP), also named p97, is an essential hexameric AAA+ ATPase with diverse functions in the ubiquitin system. Here we demonstrate that VCP is critical in controlling signals transmitted via the essential Shoc2-ERK1/2 signaling axis. The ATPase activity of VCP modulates the stoichiometry of HUWE1 in the Shoc2 complex as well as HUWE1-mediated allosteric ubiquitination of the Shoc2 scaffold and the RAF-1 kinase. Abrogated ATPase activity leads to augmented ubiquitination of Shoc2/RAF-1 and altered phosphorylation of RAF-1. We found that in fibroblasts from patients with inclusion body myopathy with Paget’s disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD) that harbor germline mutations in VCP, the levels of Shoc2 ubiquitination and ERK1/2 phosphorylation are imbalanced. This study provides a mechanistic basis for the critical role of VCP in the regulation of the ERK1/2 pathway and reveals a previously unrecognized function of the ERK1/2 pathway in the pathogenesis of IBMPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- HyeIn Jang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Eun Ryoung Jang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Patricia G Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | | | - Emilia Galperin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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46
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Llinàs-Arias P, Rosselló-Tortella M, López-Serra P, Pérez-Salvia M, Setién F, Marin S, Muñoz JP, Junza A, Capellades J, Calleja-Cervantes ME, Ferreira HJ, de Moura MC, Srbic M, Martínez-Cardús A, de la Torre C, Villanueva A, Cascante M, Yanes O, Zorzano A, Moutinho C, Esteller M. Epigenetic loss of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation inhibitor SVIP induces cancer cell metabolic reprogramming. JCI Insight 2019; 5:125888. [PMID: 30843871 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cancer cells needs to adapt to the enhanced proteotoxic stress associated with the accumulation of unfolded, misfolded and transformation-associated proteins. One way by which tumors thrive in the context of ER stress is by promoting ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD), although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that the Small p97/VCP Interacting Protein (SVIP), an endogenous inhibitor of ERAD, undergoes DNA hypermethylation-associated silencing in tumorigenesis to achieve this goal. SVIP exhibits tumor suppressor features and its recovery is associated with increased ER stress and growth inhibition. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses show that cancer cells with epigenetic loss of SVIP are depleted in mitochondrial enzymes and oxidative respiration activity. This phenotype is reverted upon SVIP restoration. The dependence of SVIP hypermethylated cancer cells on aerobic glycolysis and glucose was also associated with sensitivity to an inhibitor of the glucose transporter GLUT1. This could be relevant to the management of tumors carrying SVIP epigenetic loss, because these occur in high-risk patients who manifest poor clinical outcomes. Overall, our study provides insights into how epigenetics helps deal with ER stress and how SVIP epigenetic loss in cancer may be amenable to therapies that target glucose transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Llinàs-Arias
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margalida Rosselló-Tortella
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paula López-Serra
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pérez-Salvia
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Setién
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvia Marin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan P Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Junza
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Capellades
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María E Calleja-Cervantes
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Humberto J Ferreira
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manuel Castro de Moura
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marina Srbic
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Martínez-Cardús
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Proteomics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alberto Villanueva
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Liver and Digestive Diseases (CIBEREHD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Metabolomics Platform, IISPV, Department of Electronic Engineering (DEEEA), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Catia Moutinho
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics Group, Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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47
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Buondonno I, Gazzano E, Tavanti E, Chegaev K, Kopecka J, Fanelli M, Rolando B, Fruttero R, Gasco A, Hattinger C, Serra M, Riganti C. Endoplasmic reticulum-targeting doxorubicin: a new tool effective against doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:609-625. [PMID: 30430199 PMCID: PMC11105372 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin is one of the most effective drugs for the first-line treatment of high-grade osteosarcoma. Several studies have demonstrated that the major cause for doxorubicin resistance in osteosarcoma is the increased expression of the drug efflux transporter ABCB1/P-glycoprotein (Pgp). We recently identified a library of H2S-releasing doxorubicins (Sdox) that were more effective than doxorubicin against resistant osteosarcoma cells. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms of the higher efficacy of Sdox in human osteosarcoma cells with increasing resistance to doxorubicin. Differently from doxorubicin, Sdox preferentially accumulated within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and its accumulation was only modestly reduced in Pgp-expressing osteosarcoma cells. The increase in doxorubicin resistance was paralleled by the progressive down-regulation of genes of ER-associated protein degradation/ER-quality control (ERAD/ERQC), two processes that remove misfolded proteins and protect cell from ER stress-triggered apoptosis. Sdox, that sulfhydrated ER-associated proteins and promoted their subsequent ubiquitination, up-regulated ERAD/ERQC genes. This up-regulation, however, was insufficient to protect cells, since Sdox activated ER stress-dependent apoptotic pathways, e.g., the C/EBP-β LIP/CHOP/PUMA/caspases 12-7-3 axis. Sdox also promoted the sulfhydration of Pgp that was subsequently ubiquitinated: this process further enhanced Sdox retention and toxicity in resistant cells. Our work suggests that Sdox overcomes doxorubicin resistance in osteosarcoma cells by at least two mechanisms: it induces the degradation of Pgp following its sulfhydration and produces a huge misfolding of ER-associated proteins, triggering ER-dependent apoptosis. Sdox may represent the prototype of innovative anthracyclines, effective against doxorubicin-resistant/Pgp-expressing osteosarcoma cells by perturbing the ER functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Buondonno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Tavanti
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute I.R.C.C.S, Bologna, Italy
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Marilù Fanelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute I.R.C.C.S, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Gasco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Hattinger
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute I.R.C.C.S, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Serra
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacogenetics Research Unit, Orthopaedic Rizzoli Institute I.R.C.C.S, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126, Torino, Italy.
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48
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Functional cooperativity of p97 and histone deacetylase 6 in mediating DNA repair in mantle cell lymphoma cells. Leukemia 2019; 33:1675-1686. [PMID: 30664664 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
p97 is an ATPase that works in concert with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), to facilitate the degradation of misfolded proteins by autophagosomes. p97 has also been implicated in DNA repair and maintaining genomic stability. In this study, we determined the effect of combined inhibition of p97 and HDAC6 activities in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells. We report that treatment with p97 inhibitors induces dose-dependent apoptosis in MCL cells. The p97 inhibitor CB-5083 induces ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP and results in the accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins. Co-treatment with CB-5083 and the HDAC6 inhibitor ACY-1215 result in marked downregulation of CDK4, Cyclin D1, and BRCA1 levels without inhibiting autophagic flux. Consequently, treatment with CB-5083 accentuates DNA damage in response to treatment with ACY-1215 resulting in enhanced accumulation of H2AX-γ and synergistic apoptosis. Furthermore, ATM loss severely impairs phosphorylation of 53BP1 following co-treatment with CB-5083 and ACY-1215 in response to gamma irradiation. Finally, co-treatment CB-5083 and ACY-1215 results in reduced tumor volumes and improves survival in Z138C and Jeko-1 xenografts in NSG mice. These observations suggest that combined inhibition of p97 and HDAC6 abrogates resolution of proteotoxic stress and impairs DNA repair mechanisms in MCL cells.
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49
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Chermuła B, Brązert M, Jeseta M, Ożegowska K, Sujka-Kordowska P, Konwerska A, Bryja A, Kranc W, Jankowski M, Nawrocki MJ, Kocherova I, Celichowski P, Borowiec B, Popis M, Budna-Tukan J, Antosik P, Bukowska D, Brussow KP, Pawelczyk L, Bruska M, Zabel M, Nowicki M, Kempisty B. The Unique Mechanisms of Cellular Proliferation, Migration and Apoptosis are Regulated through Oocyte Maturational Development-A Complete Transcriptomic and Histochemical Study. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010084. [PMID: 30587792 PMCID: PMC6337548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of oocyte affect the functional activities of the surrounding somatic cells. These cells are regulated by various types of hormones, proteins, metabolites, and regulatory molecules through gap communication, ultimately leading to the development and maturation of oocytes. The close association between somatic cells and oocytes, which together form the cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), and their bi-directional communication are crucial for the acquisition of developmental competences by the oocyte. In this study, oocytes were extracted from the ovaries obtained from crossbred landrace gilts and subjected to in vitro maturation. RNA isolated from those oocytes was used for the subsequent microarray analysis. The data obtained shows, for the first time, variable levels of gene expression (fold changes higher than |2| and adjusted p-value < 0.05) belonging to four ontological groups: regulation of cell proliferation (GO:0042127), regulation of cell migration (GO:0030334), and regulation of programmed cell death (GO:0043067) that can be used together as proliferation, migration or apoptosis markers. We have identified several genes of porcine oocytes (ID2, VEGFA, BTG2, ESR1, CCND2, EDNRA, ANGPTL4, TGFBR3, GJA1, LAMA2, KIT, TPM1, VCP, GRID2, MEF2C, RPS3A, PLD1, BTG3, CD47, MITF), whose expression after in vitro maturation (IVM) is downregulated with different degrees. Our results may be helpful in further elucidating the molecular basis and functional significance of a number of gene markers associated with the processes of migration, proliferation and angiogenesis occurring in COCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Błażej Chermuła
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maciej Brązert
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Katarzyna Ożegowska
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Sujka-Kordowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Aneta Konwerska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Artur Bryja
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Wiesława Kranc
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maurycy Jankowski
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Mariusz J Nawrocki
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Ievgeniia Kocherova
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Piotr Celichowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Blanka Borowiec
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Popis
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Joanna Budna-Tukan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Paweł Antosik
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Dorota Bukowska
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Klaus P Brussow
- Veterinary Center, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | - Leszek Pawelczyk
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Bruska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw University of Medical Sciences, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
- Division of Anatomy and Histology, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznań, Poland.
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Loaiza S, Ferreira SA, Chinn TM, Kirby A, Tsolaki E, Dondi C, Parzych K, Strange AP, Bozec L, Bertazzo S, Hedegaard MAB, Gentleman E, Auner HW. An engineered, quantifiable in vitro model for analysing the effect of proteostasis-targeting drugs on tissue physical properties. Biomaterials 2018; 183:102-113. [PMID: 30153561 PMCID: PMC6145445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cellular function depends on the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) by regulated protein degradation. Chronic dysregulation of proteostasis is associated with neurodegenerative and age-related diseases, and drugs targeting components of the protein degradation apparatus are increasingly used in cancer therapies. However, as chronic imbalances rather than loss of function mediate their pathogenesis, research models that allow for the study of the complex effects of drugs on tissue properties in proteostasis-associated diseases are almost completely lacking. Here, to determine the functional effects of impaired proteostatic fine-tuning, we applied a combination of materials science characterisation techniques to a cell-derived, in vitro model of bone-like tissue formation in which we pharmacologically perturbed protein degradation. We show that low-level inhibition of VCP/p97 and the proteasome, two major components of the degradation machinery, have remarkably different effects on the bone-like material that human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) form in vitro. Specifically, whilst proteasome inhibition mildly enhances tissue formation, Raman spectroscopic, atomic force microscopy-based indentation, and electron microscopy imaging reveal that VCP/p97 inhibition induces the formation of bone-like tissue that is softer, contains less protein, appears to have more crystalline mineral, and may involve aberrant micro- and ultra-structural tissue organisation. These observations contrast with findings from conventional osteogenic assays that failed to identify any effect on mineralisation. Taken together, these data suggest that mild proteostatic impairment in hMSC alters the bone-like material they form in ways that could explain some pathologies associated with VCP/p97-related diseases. They also demonstrate the utility of quantitative materials science approaches for tackling long-standing questions in biology and medicine, and could form the basis for preclinical drug testing platforms to develop therapies for diseases stemming from perturbed proteostasis or for cancer therapies targeting protein degradation. Our findings may also have important implications for the field of tissue engineering, as the manufacture of cell-derived biomaterial scaffolds may need to consider proteostasis to effectively replicate native tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Loaiza
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Silvia A Ferreira
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Tamara M Chinn
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alex Kirby
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elena Tsolaki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Camilla Dondi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Katarzyna Parzych
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Adam P Strange
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, UK
| | - Laurent Bozec
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, UK; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Martin A B Hedegaard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Holger W Auner
- Cancer Cell Protein Metabolism Group, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
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