1
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Cao D, Depaepe T, Sanchez-Muñoz R, Janssens H, Lemière F, Willems T, Winne J, Prinsen E, Van Der Straeten D. A UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of metabolites in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and its biological validation in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1262-1275. [PMID: 38849316 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene is of vital importance in the regulation of plant development and stress responses. Recent studies revealed that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) plays a role beyond its function as an ethylene precursor. However, the absence of reliable methods to quantify ACC and its conjugates malonyl-ACC (MACC), glutamyl-ACC (GACC), and jasmonyl-ACC (JA-ACC) hinders related research. Combining synthetic and analytical chemistry, we present the first, validated methodology to rapidly extract and quantify ACC and its conjugates using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Its relevance was confirmed by application to Arabidopsis mutants with altered ACC metabolism and wild-type plants under stress. Pharmacological and genetic suppression of ACC synthesis resulted in decreased ACC and MACC content, whereas induction led to elevated levels. Salt, wounding, and submergence stress enhanced ACC and MACC production. GACC and JA-ACC were undetectable in vivo; however, GACC was identified in vitro, underscoring the broad applicability of the method. This method provides an efficient tool to study individual functions of ACC and its conjugates, paving the road toward exploration of novel avenues in ACC and ethylene metabolism, and revisiting ethylene literature in view of the recent discovery of an ethylene-independent role of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Cao
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raul Sanchez-Muñoz
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Janssens
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory for Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Lemière
- Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Willems
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Johan Winne
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group and Laboratory for Organic Synthesis, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Prinsen
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van Der Straeten
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Yamoune A, Zdarska M, Depaepe T, Rudolfova A, Skalak J, Berendzen KW, Mira-Rodado V, Fitz M, Pekarova B, Nicolas Mala KL, Tarr P, Spackova E, Tomovicova L, Parizkova B, Franczyk A, Kovacova I, Dolgikh V, Zemlyanskaya E, Pernisova M, Novak O, Meyerowitz E, Harter K, Van Der Straeten D, Hejatko J. Cytokinins regulate spatially specific ethylene production to control root growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:101013. [PMID: 38961625 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.101013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Two principal growth regulators, cytokinins and ethylene, are known to interact in the regulation of plant growth. However, information about the underlying molecular mechanism and positional specificity of cytokinin/ethylene crosstalk in the control of root growth is scarce. We have identified the spatial specificity of cytokinin-regulated root elongation and root apical meristem (RAM) size, both of which we demonstrate to be dependent on ethylene biosynthesis. Upregulation of the cytokinin biosynthetic gene ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE (IPT) in proximal and peripheral tissues leads to both root and RAM shortening. By contrast, IPT activation in distal and inner tissues reduces RAM size while leaving the root length comparable to that of mock-treated controls. We show that cytokinins regulate two steps specific to ethylene biosynthesis: production of the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) by ACC SYNTHASEs (ACSs) and its conversion to ethylene by ACC OXIDASEs (ACOs). We describe cytokinin- and ethylene-specific regulation controlling the activity of ACSs and ACOs that are spatially discrete along both proximo/distal and radial root axes. Using direct ethylene measurements, we identify ACO2, ACO3, and ACO4 as being responsible for ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene-regulated root and RAM shortening in cytokinin-treated Arabidopsis. Direct interaction between ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (ARR2), a member of the multistep phosphorelay cascade, and the C-terminal portion of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2-C), a key regulator of canonical ethylene signaling, is involved in the cytokinin-induced, ethylene-mediated control of ACO4. We propose tight cooperation between cytokinin and ethylene signaling in the spatially specific regulation of ethylene biosynthesis as a key aspect of the hormonal control of root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Yamoune
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Zdarska
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Depaepe
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Anna Rudolfova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skalak
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Michael Fitz
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Blanka Pekarova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katrina Leslie Nicolas Mala
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul Tarr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Eliska Spackova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Tomovicova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Parizkova
- Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail Franczyk
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrid Kovacova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Dolgikh
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena Zemlyanskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Marketa Pernisova
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Elliot Meyerowitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Klaus Harter
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Jan Hejatko
- CEITEC (Central European Institute of Technology), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Zhong S, Zhao P, Peng X, Li HJ, Duan Q, Cheung AY. From gametes to zygote: Mechanistic advances and emerging possibilities in plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:4-35. [PMID: 38431529 PMCID: PMC11060694 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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4
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Ogawa ST, Kessler SA. Update on signaling pathways regulating polarized intercellular communication in Arabidopsis reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1732-1744. [PMID: 37453128 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sienna T Ogawa
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47905, USA
| | - Sharon A Kessler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47905, USA
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5
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Meng JG, Xu YJ, Wang WQ, Yang F, Chen SY, Jia PF, Yang WC, Li HJ. Central-cell-produced attractants control fertilization recovery. Cell 2023; 186:3593-3605.e12. [PMID: 37516107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Animal fertilization relies on hundreds of sperm racing toward the egg, whereas, in angiosperms, only two sperm cells are delivered by a pollen tube to the female gametes (egg cell and central cell) for double fertilization. However, unsuccessful fertilization under this one-pollen-tube design can be detrimental to seed production and plant survival. To mitigate this risk, unfertilized-gamete-controlled extra pollen tube entry has been evolved to bring more sperm cells and salvage fertilization. Despite its importance, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, we report that, in Arabidopsis, the central cell secretes peptides SALVAGER1 and SALVAGER2 in a directional manner to attract pollen tubes when the synergid-dependent attraction fails or is terminated by pollen tubes carrying infertile sperm cells. Moreover, loss of SALs impairs the fertilization recovery capacity of the ovules. Therefore, this research uncovers a female gamete-attraction system that salvages seed production for reproductive assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Guo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin-Jiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shu-Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng-Fei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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6
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Guo Y, Zhang S, Li Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Liu S, Liu J, Wang G. A transcriptomic evaluation of the mechanism of programmed cell death of the replaceable bud in Chinese chestnut. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220635. [PMID: 37426617 PMCID: PMC10329280 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that the senescence and death of the replaceable bud of the Chinese chestnut cultivar (cv.) "Tima Zhenzhu" involves programmed cell death (PCD). However, the molecular network regulating replaceable bud PCD is poorly characterized. Here, we performed transcriptomic profiling on the chestnut cv. "Tima Zhenzhu" replaceable bud before (S20), during (S25), and after (S30) PCD to unravel the molecular mechanism underlying the PCD process. A total of 5,779, 9,867, and 2,674 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered upon comparison of S20 vs S25, S20 vs S30, and S25 vs S30, respectively. Approximately 6,137 DEGs common to at least two comparisons were selected for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses to interrogate the main corresponding biological functions and pathways. GO analysis showed that these common DEGs could be divided into three functional categories, including 15 cellular components, 14 molecular functions, and 19 biological processes. KEGG analysis found that "plant hormone signal transduction" included 93 DEGs. Overall, 441 DEGs were identified as related to the process of PCD. Most of these were found to be genes associated with ethylene signaling, as well as the initiation and execution of various PCD processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Chestnut Department, Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Shuhang Zhang
- Chestnut Department, Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Ying Li
- Chestnut Department, Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- Chestnut Department, Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Chestnut Department, Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- Chestnut Department, Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Chestnut Department, Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Guangpeng Wang
- Chestnut Department, Changli Research Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
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Sugi N, Maruyama D. Exploring Novel Polytubey Reproduction Pathways Utilizing Cumulative Genetic Tools. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:454-460. [PMID: 36943745 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In the anthers and ovaries of flowers, pollen grains and embryo sacs are produced with uniform cell compositions. This stable gametogenesis enables elaborate interactions between male and female gametophytes after pollination, forming the highly successful sexual reproduction system in flowering plants. As most ovules are fertilized with a single pollen tube, the resulting genome set in the embryo and endosperm is determined in a single pattern by independent fertilization of the egg cell and central cell by two sperm cells. However, if ovules receive four sperm cells from two pollen tubes, the expected options for genome sets in the developing seeds would more than double. In wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana plants, around 5% of ovules receive two pollen tubes. Recent studies have elucidated the abnormal fertilization in supernumerary pollen tubes and sperm cells related to polytubey, polyspermy, heterofertilization and fertilization recovery. Analyses of model plants have begun to uncover the mechanisms underlying this new pollen tube biology. Here, we review unusual fertilization phenomena and propose several breeding applications for flowering plants. These arguments contribute to the remodeling of plant reproduction, a challenging concept that alters typical plant fertilization by utilizing the current genetic toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Sugi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
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8
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Susaki D, Izumi R, Oi T, Takeuchi H, Shin JM, Sugi N, Kinoshita T, Higashiyama T, Kawashima T, Maruyama D. F-actin regulates the polarized secretion of pollen tube attractants in Arabidopsis synergid cells. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1222-1240. [PMID: 36562145 PMCID: PMC10052382 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube attraction is a key event of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. In the ovule, two synergid cells neighboring the egg cell control pollen tube arrival via the active secretion of attractant peptides such as AtLURE1 and XIUQIU from the filiform apparatus (FA) facing toward the micropyle. Distinctive cell polarity together with longitudinal F-actin and microtubules are hallmarks of the synergid cell in various species, though the functions of these cellular structures are unclear. In this study, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to indicate the roles of cytoskeletal components in FA formation and pollen tube guidance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic inhibition of microtubule formation reduced invaginations of the plasma membrane but did not abolish micropylar AtLURE1.2 accumulation. By contrast, the expression of a dominant-negative form of ACTIN8 induced disorganization of the FA and loss of polar AtLURE1.2 distribution toward the FA. Interestingly, after pollen tube reception, F-actin became unclear for a few hours in the persistent synergid cell, which may be involved in pausing and resuming pollen tube attraction during early polytubey block. Our data suggest that F-actin plays a central role in maintaining cell polarity and in mediating male-female communication in the synergid cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Susaki
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Rie Izumi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Takao Oi
- Graduate school of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takeuchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ji Min Shin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 321 Plant Science Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Naoya Sugi
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Tetsu Kinoshita
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 321 Plant Science Building, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Daisuke Maruyama
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813, Japan
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Yu TY, Xu CX, Li WJ, Wang B. Peptides/receptors signaling during plant fertilization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1090836. [PMID: 36589119 PMCID: PMC9797866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1090836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Double fertilization is a unique and particularly complicated process for the generation alternation of angiosperms. Sperm cells of angiosperms lose the motility compared with that of gymnosperms. The sperm cells are passively carried and transported by the pollen tube for a long journey before targeting the ovule. Two sperm cells are released at the cleft between the egg and the central cell and fused with two female gametes to produce a zygote and endosperm, respectively, to accomplish the so-called double fertilization process. In this process, extensive communication and interaction occur between the male (pollen or pollen tube) and the female (ovule). It is suggested that small peptides and receptor kinases play critical roles in orchestrating this cell-cell communication. Here, we illuminate the understanding of phases in the process, such as pollen-stigma recognition, the hydration and germination of pollen grains, the growth, guidance, and rupture of tubes, the release of sperm cells, and the fusion of gametes, by reviewing increasing data recently. The roles of peptides and receptor kinases in signaling mechanisms underlying cell-cell communication were focused on, and directions of future studies were perspected in this review.
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Zhu BS, Zhu YX, Zhang YF, Zhong X, Pan KY, Jiang Y, Wen CK, Yang ZN, Yao X. Ethylene Activates the EIN2- EIN3/EIL1 Signaling Pathway in Tapetum and Disturbs Anther Development in Arabidopsis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193177. [PMID: 36231139 PMCID: PMC9563277 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene was previously reported to repress stamen development in both cucumber and Arabidopsis. Here, we performed a detailed analysis of the effect of ethylene on anther development. After ethylene treatment, stamens but not pistils display obvious developmental defects which lead to sterility. Both tapetum and microspores (or microsporocytes) degenerated after ethylene treatment. In ein2-1 and ein3-1 eil1-1 mutants, ethylene treatment did not affect their fertility, indicating the effects of ethylene on anther development are mediated by EIN2 and EIN3/EIL1 in vivo. The transcription of EIN2 and EIN3 are activated by ethylene in the tapetum layer. However, ectopic expression of EIN3 in tapetum did not induce significant anther defects, implying that the expression of EIN3 are regulated post transcriptional level. Consistently, ethylene treatment induced the accumulation of EIN3 in the tapetal cells. Thus, ethylene not only activates the transcription of EIN2 and EIN3, but also stabilizes of EIN3 in the tapetum to disturb its development. The expression of several ethylene related genes was significantly increased, and the expression of the five key transcription factors required for tapetum development was decreased after ethylene treatment. Our results thus point out that ethylene inhibits anther development through the EIN2-EIN3/EIL1 signaling pathway. The activation of this signaling pathway in anther wall, especially in the tapetum, induces the degeneration of the tapetum and leads to pollen abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Shun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ying-Xiu Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yan-Fei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Keng-Yu Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chi-Kuang Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-N.Y.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xiaozhen Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-N.Y.); (X.Y.)
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Xie F, Vahldick H, Lin Z, Nowack M. Killing me softly - Programmed cell death in plant reproduction from sporogenesis to fertilization. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102271. [PMID: 35963096 PMCID: PMC7613566 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Regulated or programmed cell death (RCD or PCD) is a fundamental biological principle integral to a considerable variety of functions in multicellular organisms. In plants, different PCD processes are part of biotic and abiotic stress responses, but also occur as an essential aspect of unperturbed plant development. PCD is particularly abundant during plant reproduction, eliminating unwanted or no longer needed cells, tissues, or organs in a precisely controlled manner. Failure in reproductive PCD can have detrimental consequences for plant reproduction. Here we shed a light on the latest research into PCD mechanisms in plant reproduction from sex determination over sporogenesis to pollination and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Vahldick
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Moritz Nowack
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Cheung AY, Duan Q, Li C, James Liu MC, Wu HM. Pollen-pistil interactions: It takes two to tangle but a molecular cast of many to deliver. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102279. [PMID: 36029655 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Explosive advances have been made in the molecular understanding of pollen-pistil interactions that underlie reproductive success in flowering plants in the past three decades. Among the most notable is the discovery of pollen tube attractants [1∗,2∗]. The roles these molecules play in facilitating conspecific precedence thus promoting interspecific genetic isolation are also emerging [3-5]. Male-female interactions during the prezygotic phase and contributions from the male and female gametophytes have been comprehensively reviewed recently. Here, we focus on key advances in understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of how these interactions overcome barriers at various pollen-pistil interfaces along the pollen tube growth pathway to facilitate fertilization by desirable mates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Che James Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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13
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Zheng X, Lan J, Yu H, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Su XD, Qin G. Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP4 represses chlorophyll biosynthesis to prevent petal greening. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100309. [PMID: 35605201 PMCID: PMC9284284 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Green petals pose a challenge for pollinators to distinguish flowers from leaves, but they are valuable as a specialty flower trait. However, little is understood about the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of green petals. Here, we report that CINCINNATA (CIN)-like TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) proteins play key roles in the control of petal color. The septuple tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17 mutant produced flowers with green petals due to chlorophyll accumulation. Expression of TCP4 complemented the petal phenotype of tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17. We found that chloroplasts were converted into leucoplasts in the distal parts of wild-type petals but not in the proximal parts during flower development, whereas plastid conversion was compromised in the distal parts of tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17 petals. TCP4 and most CIN-like TCPs were predominantly expressed in distal petal regions, consistent with the green-white pattern in wild-type petals and the petal greening observed in the distal parts of tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17 petals. RNA-sequencing data revealed that most chlorophyll biosynthesis genes were downregulated in the white distal parts of wild-type petals, but these genes had elevated expression in the distal green parts of tcp2/3/4/5/10/13/17 petals and the green proximal parts of wild-type petals. We revealed that TCP4 repressed chlorophyll biosynthesis by directly binding to the promoters of PROTOCHLOROPHYLLIDE REDUCTASE (PORB), DIVINYL REDUCTASE (DVR), and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1 (SOC1), which are known to promote petal greening. We found that the conversion of chloroplasts to leucoplasts and the green coloration in the proximal parts of petals appeared to be conserved among plant species. Our findings uncover a major molecular mechanism that underpins the formation of petal color patterns and provide a foundation for the breeding of plants with green flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqiu Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Genji Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Van de Poel B, Chang C. Is losing ethylene a losing game? MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:788-790. [PMID: 35288369 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Van de Poel
- Division of Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, University of Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Caren Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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15
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Tong M, Wen CK. Rise of the ethylene biosynthesis machinery from the C β-S lyase. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:784-787. [PMID: 35405325 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Tong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chi-Kuang Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Heydlauff J, Erbasol Serbes I, Vo D, Mao Y, Gieseking S, Nakel T, Harten T, Völz R, Hoffmann A, Groß-Hardt R. Dual and opposing roles of EIN3 reveal a generation conflict during seed growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:363-371. [PMID: 34848348 PMCID: PMC8837274 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Seed size critically affects grain yield of crops and hence represents a key breeding target. The development of embryo-nourishing endosperm is a key driver of seed expansion. We here report unexpected dual roles of the transcription factor EIN3 in regulating seed size. These EIN3 functions have remained largely undiscovered because they oppose each other. Capitalizing on the analysis of multiple ethylene biosynthesis mutants, we demonstrate that EIN3 represses endosperm and seed development in a pathway regulated by ethylene. We, in addition, provide evidence that EIN3-mediated synergid nucleus disintegration promotes endosperm expansion. Interestingly, synergid nucleus disintegration is not affected in various ethylene biosynthesis mutants, suggesting that this promoting function of EIN3 is independent of ethylene. Whereas the growth-inhibitory ethylene-dependent EIN3 action appears to be encoded by sporophytic tissue, the growth-promoting role of EIN3 is induced by fertilization, revealing a generation conflict that converges toward the key signaling component EIN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Heydlauff
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), Leobenerstrasse 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Isil Erbasol Serbes
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), Leobenerstrasse 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Dieu Vo
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), Leobenerstrasse 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Yanbo Mao
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), Leobenerstrasse 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sonja Gieseking
- ZMBP, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Nakel
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), Leobenerstrasse 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Theresa Harten
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), Leobenerstrasse 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ronny Völz
- ZMBP, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Hoffmann
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), Leobenerstrasse 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Rita Groß-Hardt
- University of Bremen, Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen (CBIB), Leobenerstrasse 5, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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