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Xie F, Vahldick H, Lin Z, Nowack M. Killing me softly - Programmed cell death in plant reproduction from sporogenesis to fertilization. Curr Opin Plant Biol 2022; 69:102271. [PMID: 35963096 PMCID: PMC7613566 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Regulated or programmed cell death (RCD or PCD) is a fundamental biological principle integral to a considerable variety of functions in multicellular organisms. In plants, different PCD processes are part of biotic and abiotic stress responses, but also occur as an essential aspect of unperturbed plant development. PCD is particularly abundant during plant reproduction, eliminating unwanted or no longer needed cells, tissues, or organs in a precisely controlled manner. Failure in reproductive PCD can have detrimental consequences for plant reproduction. Here we shed a light on the latest research into PCD mechanisms in plant reproduction from sex determination over sporogenesis to pollination and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xie
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Vahldick
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Moritz Nowack
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Kolomeitseva GL, Babosha AV, Ryabchenko AS, Tsavkelova EA. Megasporogenesis, megagametogenesis, and embryogenesis in Dendrobium nobile (Orchidaceae). Protoplasma 2021; 258:301-317. [PMID: 33070242 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-020-01573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The orchid reproductive strategy, including the formation of numerous tiny seeds, is achieved by the elimination of some stages in the early plant embryogenesis. In this study, we documented in detail the formation of the maternal tissues (the nucellus and integuments), the structures of female gametophyte (megaspores, chalazal nuclei, synergids, polar nuclei), and embryonic structures in Dendrobium nobile. The ovary is unilocular, and the ovule primordia are formed in the placenta before the pollination. The ovule is medionucellate: the two-cell postament and two rows of nucellar cells persist until the death of the inner integument. A monosporic eight-nucleated embryo sac is developed. After the fertilization, the most common central cell nucleus consisted of two joined but not fused polar nuclei. The embryogenesis of D. nobile is similar to the Caryophyllad-type, and it is characterized by the formation of all embryo cells from the apical cell (ca) of a two-celled proembryo. The only exception is that there is no formation of the radicle and/or cotyledons. The basal cell (cb) does not divide during the embryogenesis, gradually transforming into the uninuclear suspensor. Then the suspensor goes through three main stages: it starts with an unbranched cell within the embryo sac, followed by a branched stage growing into the integuments, and it ends with the cell death. The stage-specific development of the female gametophyte and embryo of D. nobile is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina L Kolomeitseva
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Alexander V Babosha
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Andrey S Ryabchenko
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya 4, Moscow, Russia, 127276
| | - Elena A Tsavkelova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Lenin's Hills, Moscow, Russia, 119234.
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Nogueira FM, Nogueira PVF, Vanzela ALL, Rocha DM. Ultrastructural analysis of Rhynchospora ovules: The first record of Cyperaceae megagametophyte on transmission electron microscope. Micron 2020; 140:102962. [PMID: 33099208 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis are unusual in sedges (Cyperaceae), the third largest monocotyledonous family, as three microspores are aborted in favor of a single functional microspore. However, studies using light microscopy show that megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis occur normally. Nevertheless, the lack of ultrastructural details limits our knowledge of female gametophyte development in this family. Given the importance of morphological studies of reproductive structures, ovules and megagametophytes of Rhynchospora pubera were analyzed under transmission electron microscopy for the first time. Overall, ovules presented features similar to those described for the family, but ultrastructural details revealed an absence of a clear boundary between the egg cell and the central cell cytoplasm. Most interestingly, antipodal and nucellar cells showed several signs of vacuolar cell death, which suggest that programmed autolysis in sporogenous and gametophytic tissue is common in gametophyte development in the Cyperaceae. This may be related to the reproductive success of this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Nogueira
- Laboratory of Algae and Plants of Amazonia (LAPAM), Federal University of Oeste do Pará (UFOPA) Campus Oriximiná, Rodovia PA-254, 257, Oriximiná, PA, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Vinicius F Nogueira
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis (LMEM), State University of Londrina (UEL), 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - André Luís Laforga Vanzela
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Plant Diversity (LCDV), State University of Londrina (UEL), 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Danilo Massuia Rocha
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics (DEBIOGEM), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Carlos Cavalcanti Avenue 4748, 84030-900, PR, Brazil; Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Plant Diversity (LCDV), State University of Londrina (UEL), 86057-970, PR, Brazil.
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Li D, Wu D, Li S, Guo N, Gao J, Sun X, Cai Y. Transcriptomic profiling identifies differentially expressed genes associated with programmed cell death of nucellar cells in Ginkgo biloba L. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:91. [PMID: 30819114 PMCID: PMC6396491 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we demonstrated that pollen chamber formation (PCF) in G. biloba ovules was a process of programmed cell death (PCD) within the nucellar cells at the micropylar end. However, the signal triggering the cascades of the programmed events in these nucellar cells remains unexplored. RESULTS A transcriptomic strategy was employed to unravel the mechanism underlying the nucellar PCD via the comparative profiles of RNA-seq between pre-PCF and post-PCF ovules. A total of 5599 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with significance was identified from G. biloba ovules and classified into three main categories of GO annotation, including 17 biological processes, 15 cellular components and 17 molecular functions. KEGG analysis showed that 72 DEGs were enriched in "Plant hormone signal transduction". Furthermore, 99 DEGs were found to be associated with the PCD process, including the genes involved in ethylene signaling pathway, PCD initiation, and PCD execution. Moreover, calcium-cytochemical localization indicated that calcium could play a role in regulating PCD events within the nucellar cells during pollen chamber formation in G. biloba ovules. CONCLUSIONS A putative working model, consisting of three overlapping processes, is proposed for the nucellar PCD: at the stage of PCD preparation, ethylene signaling pathway is activated for transcriptional regulation of the downstream targets; subsequently, at the stage of PCD initiation, the upregulated expression of several transcription factors, i.e., NAC, bHLH, MADS-box, and MYB, further promotes the corresponding transcript levels of CYTOCHROME C and CALMODULINs, thereby, leads to the PCD initiation via the calcium-dependent signaling cascade; finally, at the stage of PCD execution, some proteases like metacaspases and vacuolar processing enzyme for hydrolysis, together with the process of autophagy, play roles in the clearance of cellular components. Afterwards, a pollen chamber is generated from the removal of specific nucellar cells in the developing ovule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahui Li
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Shizhou Li
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Ning Guo
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Junshan Gao
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
| | - Yongping Cai
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 China
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Abstract
Ovules are the precursors to seeds and as such are critical to plant propagation and food production. Mutant studies have led to the identification of numerous genes regulating ovule development. Genes encoding transcription factors have been shown to direct ovule spacing, ovule identity and integument formation. Particular co-regulators have now been associated with activities of some of these transcription factors, and other protein families including cell surface receptors have been shown to regulate ovule development. Hormone levels and transport, especially of auxin, have also been shown to play critical roles in ovule emergence and morphogenesis and to interact with the transcriptional regulators. Ovule diversification has been studied using orthologs of regulatory genes in divergent angiosperm groups. Combining modern genetic evidence with expanding knowledge of the fossil record illuminates the possible origin of the unique bitegmic ovules of angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Gasser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Debra J Skinner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Abstract
Flowering plants display a large spectrum of seed architectures. The volume ratio of maternal versus zygotic seed tissues changes considerably among species and underlies different nutrient-storing strategies. Such diversity arose through the evolution of cell elimination programs that regulate the relative growth of one tissue over another to become the major storage compartment. The elimination of the nucellus maternal tissue is regulated by developmental programs that marked the origin of angiosperms and outlined the most ancient seed architectures. This review focuses on such a defining mechanism for seed evolution and discusses the role of nucellus development in seed tissues and nutrient partitioning at the light of novel discoveries on its molecular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
- Ecole Doctorale 567 Sciences du Végétal, University Paris-Sud, University of Paris-Saclay, Bat 360, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Enrico Magnani
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, University of Paris-Saclay, Route de St-Cyr (RD10), 78026, Versailles Cedex, France.
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Dean RJ, Stait-Gardner T, Clarke SJ, Rogiers SY, Bobek G, Price WS. Use of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to correlate the developmental changes in grape berry tissue structure with water diffusion patterns. Plant Methods 2014; 10:35. [PMID: 25400688 PMCID: PMC4232727 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-10-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the course of grape berry development, the tissues of the berry undergo numerous morphological transformations in response to processes such as water and solute accumulation and cell division, growth and senescence. These transformations are expected to produce changes to the diffusion of water through these tissues detectable using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To assess this non-invasive technique diffusion was examined over the course of grape berry development, and in plant tissues with contrasting oil content. RESULTS In this study, the fruit of Vitis vinfera L. cv. Semillon at seven different stages of berry development, from four weeks post-anthesis to over-ripe, were imaged using diffusion tensor and transverse relaxation MRI acquisition protocols. Variations in diffusive motion between these stages of development were then linked to known events in the morphological development of the grape berry. Within the inner mesocarp of the berry, preferential directions of diffusion became increasingly apparent as immature berries increased in size and then declined as berries progressed through the ripening and senescence phases. Transverse relaxation images showed radial striation patterns throughout the sub-tissue, initiating at the septum and vascular systems located at the centre of the berry, and terminating at the boundary between the inner and outer mesocarp. This study confirms that these radial patterns are due to bands of cells of alternating width that extend across the inner mesocarp. Preferential directions of diffusion were also noted in young grape seed nucelli prior to their dehydration. These observations point towards a strong association between patterns of diffusion within grape berries and the underlying tissue structures across berry development. A diffusion tensor image of a post-harvest olive demonstrated that the technique is applicable to tissues with high oil content. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that diffusion MRI is a powerful and information rich technique for probing the internal microstructure of plant tissues. It was shown that macroscopic diffusion anisotropy patterns correlate with the microstructure of the major pericarp tissues of cv. Semillon grape berries, and that changes in grape berry tissue structure during berry development can be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Dean
- />Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Timothy Stait-Gardner
- />Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Simon J Clarke
- />National Wine & Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678 Australia
| | - Suzy Y Rogiers
- />National Wine & Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678 Australia
- />New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678 Australia
| | - Gabriele Bobek
- />School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - William S Price
- />Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- />National Wine & Grape Industry Centre, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, 2678 Australia
- />School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
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