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Jiang A, Liu X, Zhu Z, Chen M. Genome-wide identification of the AP2/ERF gene family from Limonium bicolor and functional characterization of LbAP2/ERF32 under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:109035. [PMID: 39146912 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
AP2/ERF transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant growth and development, plant morphogenesis and response to environmental stresses. However, their biological roles in recretohalophytes are still not fully revealed. Limonium bicolor L. is a typical recretohalophyte, which secretes excessive salt ions through the salt glands on the epidermis. Here, 64 LbAP2/ERF genes were identified in L. bicolor genome, which were unevenly distributed on the eight chromosomes. Cis-elements related to growth and development, stress response and phytohormone response are distributed in multiple LbAP2/ERF promoters. Expression analysis indicated that LbAP2/ERF genes responsed to NaCl, PEG and ABA. And the salt gland density, salt secretion of leaves and overall salt tolerance of LbAP2/ERF32 silenced lines were significantly reduced. In agreement, the genes related to salt gland development and ion transport were significantly changed in LbAP2/ERF32-silenced lines. Our findings provided fundamental information on the structure and evolutionary relationship of LbAP2/ERF gene family in salt gland development and salt secretion of L. bicolor and gave theoretical guideline for further functional study of LbAP2/ERF genes in response to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijuan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China.
| | - Xiuling Liu
- Taishan Polytechnic, Tai'an, 271000, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China.
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2
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Chen J, Wang Y. Understanding the salinity resilience and productivity of halophytes in saline environments. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112171. [PMID: 38969140 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The escalating salinity levels in cultivable soil pose a significant threat to agricultural productivity and, consequently, human sustenance. This problem is being exacerbated by natural processes and human activities, coinciding with a period of rapid population growth. Developing halophytic crops is needed to ensure food security is not impaired and land resources can be used sustainably. Evolution has created many close halophyte relatives of our major glycophytic crops, such as Puccinellia tenuiflora (relative of barley and wheat), Oryza coarctata (relative of rice) and Glycine soja (relative of soybean). There are also some halophytes have been subjected to semi-domestication and are considered as minor crops, such as Chenopodium quinoa. In this paper, we examine the prevailing comprehension of robust salinity resilience in halophytes. We summarize the existing strategies and technologies that equip researchers with the means to enhance the salt tolerance capabilities of primary crops and investigate the genetic makeup of halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; Dalian Practical Biotechnology Co. LTD., Dalian, Liaoning 116200, China.
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Wang X, Wang X, Mu H, Zhao B, Song X, Fan H, Wang B, Yuan F. Global analysis of key post-transcriptional regulation in early leaf development of Limonium bicolor identifies a long non-coding RNA that promotes salt gland development and salt resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:5091-5110. [PMID: 38795330 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Limonium bicolor, known horticulturally as sea lavender, is a typical recretohalophyte with salt glands in its leaf epidermis that secrete excess Na+ out of the plant. Although many genes have been proposed to contribute to salt gland initiation and development, a detailed analysis of alternative splicing, alternative polyadenylation patterns, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been lacking. Here, we applied single-molecule long-read mRNA isoform sequencing (Iso-seq) to explore the complexity of the L. bicolor transcriptome in leaves during salt gland initiation (stage A) and salt gland differentiation (stage B) based on the reference genome. We identified alternative splicing events and the use of alternative poly(A) sites unique to stage A or stage B, leading to the hypothesis that they might contribute to the differentiation of salt glands. Based on the Iso-seq data and RNA in situ hybridization of candidate genes, we selected the lncRNA Btranscript_153392 for gene editing and virus-induced gene silencing to dissect its function. In the absence of this transcript, we observed fewer salt glands on the leaf epidermis, leading to diminished salt secretion and salt tolerance. Our data provide transcriptome resources for unraveling the mechanisms behind salt gland development and furthering crop transformation efforts towards enhanced survivability in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Huiying Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Boqing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianrui Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, Shandong, China
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Cui B, Liu R, Yu Q, Guo J, Du X, Chen Z, Li C, Wang T, Liu R, He R, Song C, Liu Y, Sui N, Jia G, Song J. Combined genome and transcriptome provides insight into the genetic evolution of an edible halophyte Suaeda salsa adaptation to high salinity. Mol Ecol 2024:e17457. [PMID: 38984778 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Suaeda salsa L. is a typical halophyte with high value as a vegetable. Here, we report a 447.98 Mb, chromosomal-level genome of S. salsa, assembled into nine pseudomolecules (contig N50 = 1.36 Mb) and annotated with 27,927 annotated protein-coding genes. Most of the assembled S. salsa genome, 58.03%, consists of transposable elements. Some gene families including HKT1, NHX, SOS and CASP related to salt resistance were significantly amplified. We also observed expansion of genes encoding protein that bind the trace elements Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn, and genes related to flavonoid and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Many expanded genes were significantly up-regulated under salinity, which might have contributed to the acquisition of salt tolerance in S. salsa. Transcriptomic data showed that high salinity markedly up-regulated salt-resistance related genes, compared to low salinity. Abundant metabolic pathways of secondary metabolites including flavonoid, unsaturated fatty acids and selenocompound were enriched, which indicates that the species is a nutrient-rich vegetable. Particularly worth mentioning is that there was no significant difference in the numbers of cis-elements in the promoters of salt-related and randomly selected genes in S. salsa when compared with Arabidopsis thaliana, which may affirm that plant salt tolerance is a quantitative rather than a qualitative trait in terms of promoter evolution. Our findings provide deep insight into the adaptation of halophytes to salinity from a genetic evolution perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ranran Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xihua Du
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Zixin Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Congcong Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guifang Jia
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Zhao B, Gao Y, Ma Q, Wang X, Zhu JK, Li W, Wang B, Yuan F. Global dynamics and cytokinin participation of salt gland development trajectory in recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2094-2110. [PMID: 38588029 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Salt gland is an epidermal Na+ secretory structure that enhances salt resistance in the recretohalophyte sea lavender (Limonium bicolor). To elucidate the salt gland development trajectory and related molecular mechanisms, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of L. bicolor protoplasts from young leaves at salt gland initiation and differentiation stages. Dimensionality reduction analyses defined 19 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters, which were assigned into 4 broad populations-promeristem, epidermis, mesophyll, and vascular tissue-verified by in situ hybridization. Cytokinin was further proposed to participate in salt gland development by the expression patterns of related genes and cytological evidence. By comparison analyses of Single-cell RNA sequencing with exogenous application of 6-benzylaminopurine, we delineated 5 salt gland development-associated subclusters and defined salt gland-specific differentiation trajectories from Subclusters 8, 4, and 6 to Subcluster 3 and 1. Additionally, we validated the participation of TRIPTYCHON and the interacting protein Lb7G34824 in salt gland development, which regulated the expression of cytokinin metabolism and signaling-related genes such as GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS 2 to maintain cytokinin homeostasis during salt gland development. Our results generated a gene expression map of young leaves at single-cell resolution for the comprehensive investigation of salt gland determinants and cytokinin participation that helps elucidate cell fate determination during epidermis formation and evolution in recretohalophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yaru Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiuyu Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Jilin Da'an Agro-ecosystem National Observation Research Station, Changchun Jingyuetan Remote Sensing Experiment Station, State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, China
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Zhu Z, Chao E, Jiang A, Chen X, Ning K, Xu H, Chen M. The WRKY gene family in the halophyte Limonium bicolor: identification, expression analysis, and regulation of salt stress tolerance. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:167. [PMID: 38865016 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE 63 L. bicolor WRKY genes were identified and their informatics was analyzed. The results suggested that the LbWRKY genes involved in the development and salt secretion of salt glands in L. bicolor. Salt stress, as a universal abiotic stress, severely inhibits the growth and development of plants. WRKY transcription factors play a vital role in plant growth and development, as well as in response to various stresses. Nevertheless, little is known of systematic genome-wide analysis of the WRKY genes in Limonium bicolor, a model recretohalophyte. In this study, 63 L. bicolor WRKY genes were identified (LbWRKY1-63), which were unevenly distributed across seven chromosomes and one scaffold. Based on the structural and phylogenetic characteristics, 63 LbWRKYs are divided into three main groups. Cis-elements in the LbWRKY promoters were related to growth and development, phytohormone responses, and stress responses. Colinearity analysis showed strong colinearity between LbWRKYs and GmWRKYs from soybean (Glycine max). Therefore, LbWRKY genes maybe have similar functions to GmWRKY genes. Expression analysis showed that 28 LbWRKY genes are highly expressed in roots, 9 in stems, 26 in leaves, and 12 in flowers and most LbWRKY genes responded to NaCl, ABA, and PEG6000. Silencing LbWRKY10 reduced salt gland density and salt secretion ability of leaves, and the salt tolerance of the species. Consistent with this, genes associated with salt gland development were markedly down-regulated in the LbWRKY10-silenced lines. Our findings suggested that the LbWRKY genes involved in the development and salt secretion of salt glands in L. bicolor. Our research provides new insights into the functions of the WRKY family in halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Erkun Chao
- DongYing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 383 Jiaozhou Road, Dongying, 257000, Shandong, China
| | - Aijuan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Ning
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Hualing Xu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China.
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Huang Z, Chen S, He K, Yu T, Fu J, Gao S, Li H. Exploring salt tolerance mechanisms using machine learning for transcriptomic insights: case study in Spartina alterniflora. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae082. [PMID: 38766535 PMCID: PMC11101319 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress poses a significant threat to global cereal crop production, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding of salt tolerance mechanisms. Accurate functional annotations of differentially expressed genes are crucial for gaining insights into the salt tolerance mechanism. The challenge of predicting gene functions in under-studied species, especially when excluding infrequent GO terms, persists. Therefore, we proposed the use of NetGO 3.0, a machine learning-based annotation method that does not rely on homology information between species, to predict the functions of differentially expressed genes under salt stress. Spartina alterniflora, a halophyte with salt glands, exhibits remarkable salt tolerance, making it an excellent candidate for in-depth transcriptomic analysis. However, current research on the S. alterniflora transcriptome under salt stress is limited. In this study we used S. alterniflora as an example to investigate its transcriptional responses to various salt concentrations, with a focus on understanding its salt tolerance mechanisms. Transcriptomic analysis revealed substantial changes impacting key pathways, such as gene transcription, ion transport, and ROS metabolism. Notably, we identified a member of the SWEET gene family in S. alterniflora, SA_12G129900.m1, showing convergent selection with the rice ortholog SWEET15. Additionally, our genome-wide analyses explored alternative splicing responses to salt stress, providing insights into the parallel functions of alternative splicing and transcriptional regulation in enhancing salt tolerance in S. alterniflora. Surprisingly, there was minimal overlap between differentially expressed and differentially spliced genes following salt exposure. This innovative approach, combining transcriptomic analysis with machine learning-based annotation, avoids the reliance on homology information and facilitates the discovery of unknown gene functions, and is applicable across all sequenced species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Kunhui He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Tingxi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Nanfan Research Institute, CAAS, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
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Yang Z, Zhang Z, Qiao Z, Guo X, Wen Y, Zhou Y, Yao C, Fan H, Wang B, Han G. The RING zinc finger protein LbRZF1 promotes salt gland development and salt tolerance in Limonium bicolor. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:787-809. [PMID: 38477645 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor thrives in high-salinity environments because salt glands on the above-ground parts of the plant help to expel excess salt. Here, we characterize a nucleus-localized C3HC4 (RING-HC)-type zinc finger protein of L. bicolor named RING ZINC FINGER PROTEIN 1 (LbRZF1). LbRZF1 was expressed in salt glands and in response to NaCl treatment. LbRZF1 showed no E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The phenotypes of overexpression and knockout lines for LbRZF1 indicated that LbRZF1 positively regulated salt gland development and salt tolerance in L. bicolor. lbrzf1 mutants had fewer salt glands and secreted less salt than did the wild-type, whereas LbRZF1-overexpressing lines had opposite phenotypes, in keeping with the overall salt tolerance of these plants. A yeast two-hybrid screen revealed that LbRZF1 interacted with LbCATALASE2 (LbCAT2) and the transcription factor LbMYB113, leading to their stabilization. Silencing of LbCAT2 or LbMYB113 decreased salt gland density and salt tolerance. The heterologous expression of LbRZF1 in Arabidopsis thaliana conferred salt tolerance to this non-halophyte. We also identified the transcription factor LbMYB48 as an upstream regulator of LbRZF1 transcription. The study of LbRZF1 in the regulation network of salt gland development also provides a good foundation for transforming crops and improving their salt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongran Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Ziqi Qiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Yixuan Wen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Yingxue Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Chunliang Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Guoliang Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Area of the Yellow River Delta of Shandong Province, Dongying, 257000, China
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying, 257000, China
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9
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Wang X, Wang B, Yuan F. Genome-wide identification of bHLH transcription factors and functional analysis in salt gland development of the recretohalophyte sea lavender ( Limonium bicolor). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae036. [PMID: 38595909 PMCID: PMC11001596 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Transcription factors with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) structures regulate plant growth, epidermal structure development, metabolic processes, and responses to stress extensively. Sea lavender (Limonium bicolor) is a recretohalophyte with unique salt glands in the epidermis that make it highly resistant to salt stress, contributing to the improvement of saline lands. However, the features of the bHLH transcription factor family in L. bicolor are largely unknown. Here, we systematically analyzed the characteristics, localization, and phylogenetic relationships of 187 identified bHLH family genes throughout the L. bicolor genome, as well as their cis-regulatory promoter elements, expression patterns, and key roles in salt gland development or salt tolerance by genetic analysis. Nine verified L. bicolor bHLH genes are expressed and the encoded proteins function in the nucleus, among which the proteins encoded by Lb2G14060 and Lb1G07934 also localize to salt glands. Analysis of CRISPR-Cas9-generated knockout mutants and overexpression lines indicated that the protein encoded by Lb1G07934 is involved in the formation of salt glands, salt secretion, and salt resistance, indicating that bHLH genes strongly influence epidermal structure development and stress responses. The current study lays the foundation for further investigation of the effects and functional mechanisms of bHLH genes in L. bicolor and paves the way for selecting salt-tolerance genes that will enhance salt resistance in crops and for the improvement of saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji’nan, Shandong 250014, China
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10
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Sun D, Xu J, Wang H, Guo H, Chen Y, Zhang L, Li J, Hao D, Yao X, Li X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the PUB Gene Family in Zoysia japonica under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:788. [PMID: 38592813 PMCID: PMC10974829 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The U-box protein family of ubiquitin ligases is important in the biological processes of plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Plants in the genus Zoysia are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrass species with drought, wear and salt tolerance. In this study, we conducted the genome-wide identification of plant U-box (PUB) genes in Zoysia japonica based on U-box domain searching. In total, 71 ZjPUB genes were identified, and a protein tree was constructed of AtPUBs, OsPUBs, and ZjPUBs, clustered into five groups. The gene structures, characteristics, cis-elements and protein interaction prediction network were analyzed. There were mainly ABRE, ERE, MYB and MYC cis-elements distributed in the promoter regions of ZjPUBs. ZjPUBs were predicted to interact with PDR1 and EXO70B1, related to the abscisic acid signaling pathway. To better understand the roles of ZjPUBs under salt stress, the expression levels of 18 ZjPUBs under salt stress were detected using transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis, revealing that 16 ZjPUBs were upregulated in the roots under salt treatment. This indicates that ZjPUBs might participate in the Z. japonica salt stress response. This research provides insight into the Z. japonica PUB gene family and may support the genetic improvement in the molecular breeding of salt-tolerant zoysiagrass varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojin Sun
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jingya Xu
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hailin Guo
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu Chen
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianjian Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dongli Hao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiang Yao
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The National Forestry and Grassland Administration Engineering Research Center for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Warm-Season Turfgrasses, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China; (D.S.); (H.G.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
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11
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Zhang M, Hou X, Yang H, Wang J, Li Y, Liu Q, Zhang C, Wang B, Chen M. The NAC gene family in the halophyte Limonium bicolor: Identification, expression analysis, and regulation of abiotic stress tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108462. [PMID: 38484683 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
NAC transcription factors regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the number, types, and biological functions of Limonium bicolor LbNAC genes have remained elusive. L. bicolor secretes excessive salt ions through salt glands on its stems and leaves to reduce salt-induced damage. Here, we identified 63 NAC members (LbNAC1-63) in L. bicolor, which were unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. Cis-elements in the LbNAC promoters were related to growth and development, stress responses, and phytohormone responses. We observed strong colinearity between LbNACs and GmNACs from soybean (Glycine max). Thus, LbNAC genes may share similar functions with GmNAC genes. Expression analysis indicated that 16 LbNAC genes are highly expressed in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers, whereas 17 LbNAC genes were highly expressed throughout salt gland development, suggesting that they may regulate this developmental stage. Silencing LbNAC54 in L. bicolor decreased salt gland density, salt secretion from leaves, and overall salt tolerance. In agreement, genes related to salt gland development were significantly downregulated in LbNAC54-silenced lines. Our findings shed light on LbNAC genes and help elucidate salt gland development and salt secretion in L. bicolor. Our data also provide insight into NAC functions in halophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology & Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Xueting Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Hui Yang
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Juying Wang
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China; Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China.
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12
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Chi BJ, Guo ZJ, Wei MY, Song SW, Zhong YH, Liu JW, Zhang YC, Li J, Xu CQ, Zhu XY, Zheng HL. Structural, developmental and functional analyses of leaf salt glands of mangrove recretohalophyte Aegiceras corniculatum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad123. [PMID: 37769324 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Salt secretion is an important strategy used by the mangrove plant Aegiceras corniculatum to adapt to the coastal intertidal environment. However, the structural, developmental and functional analyses on the leaf salt glands, particularly the salt secretion mechanism, are not well documented. In this study, we investigated the structural, developmental and degenerative characteristics and the salt secretion mechanisms of salt glands to further elucidate the mechanisms of salt tolerance of A. corniculatum. The results showed that the salt gland cells have a large number of mitochondria and vesicles, and plenty of plasmodesmata as well, while chloroplasts were found in the collecting cells. The salt glands developed early and began to differentiate at the leaf primordium stage. We observed and defined three stages of salt gland degradation for the first time in A. corniculatum, where the secretory cells gradually twisted and wrinkled inward and collapsed downward as the salt gland degeneration increased and the intensity of salt gland autofluorescence gradually diminished. In addition, we found that the salt secretion rate of the salt glands increased when the treated concentration of NaCl increased, reaching the maximum at 400 mM NaCl. The salt-secreting capacity of the salt glands of the adaxial epidermis is significantly greater than that of the abaxial epidermis. The real-time quantitative PCR results indicate that SAD2, TTG1, GL2 and RBR1 may be involved in regulating the development of the salt glands of A. corniculatum. Moreover, Na+/H+ antiporter, H+-ATPase, K+ channel and Cl- channel may play important roles in the salt secretion of salt glands. In sum mary, this study strengthens the understanding of the structural, developmental and degenerative patterns of salt glands and salt secretion mechanisms in mangrove recretohalophyte A. corniculatum, providing an important reference for further studies at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Chi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ming-Yue Wei
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
- School of Ecology, Resources and Environment, Dezhou University, Dezhou, Shandong 253000, China
| | - Shi-Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - You-Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Qun Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiangan South Road, Xiangan district, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, P. R. China
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13
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Nørrevang AF, Shabala S, Palmgren M. A two-sequence motif-based method for the inventory of gene families in fragmented and poorly annotated genome sequences. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:26. [PMID: 38172704 PMCID: PMC10763278 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Databases of genome sequences are growing exponentially, but, in some cases, assembly is incomplete and genes are poorly annotated. For evolutionary studies, it is important to identify all members of a given gene family in a genome. We developed a method for identifying most, if not all, members of a gene family from raw genomes in which assembly is of low quality, using the P-type ATPase superfamily as an example. The method is based on the translation of an entire genome in all six reading frames and the co-occurrence of two family-specific sequence motifs that are in close proximity to each other. To test the method's usability, we first used it to identify P-type ATPase members in the high-quality annotated genome of barley (Hordeum vulgare). Subsequently, after successfully identifying plasma membrane H+-ATPase family members (P3A ATPases) in various plant genomes of varying quality, we tested the hypothesis that the number of P3A ATPases correlates with the ability of the plant to tolerate saline conditions. In 19 genomes of glycophytes and halophytes, the total number of P3A ATPase genes was found to vary from 7 to 22, but no significant difference was found between the two groups. The method successfully identified P-type ATPase family members in raw genomes that are poorly assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Frisgaard Nørrevang
- NovoCrops Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA6009, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Michael Palmgren
- NovoCrops Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark.
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14
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Zhou Y, Zhang H, Ren Y, Wang X, Wang B, Yuan F. The transmembrane protein LbRSG from the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor enhances salt gland development and salt tolerance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:498-515. [PMID: 37856574 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Salt glands are the unique epidermal structures present in recretohalophytes, plants that actively excrete excess Na+ by salt secretory structures to avoid salt damage. Here, we describe a transmembrane protein that localizes to the plasma membrane of the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor. As virus-induced gene silencing of the corresponding gene LbRSG in L. bicolor decreased the number of salt glands, we named the gene Reduced Salt Gland. We detected LbRSG transcripts in salt glands by in situ hybridization and transient transformation. Overexpression and silencing of LbRSG in L. bicolor pointed to a positive role in salt gland development and salt secretion by interacting with Lb3G16832. Heterologous LbRSG expression in Arabidopsis enhanced salt tolerance during germination and the seedling stage by alleviating NaCl-induced ion stress and osmotic stress after replacing or deleting the (highly) negatively charged region of extramembranous loop. After screened by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry and verified using yeast two-hybrid, PGK1 and BGLU18 were proposed to interact with LbRSG to strengthen salt tolerance. Therefore, we identified (highly) negatively charged regions in the extramembrane loop that may play an essential role in salt tolerance, offering hints about LbRSG function and its potential to confer salt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yanpeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 19 Xinjiekouwai Avenue, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China
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15
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Liu J, Meng F, Jiang A, Hou X, Liu Q, Fan H, Chen M. Exogenous 6-BA enhances salt tolerance of Limonium bicolor by increasing the number of salt glands. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:12. [PMID: 38135797 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Exogenous 6-BA can increase endogenous hormone content, improve photosynthesis, decrease Na+ by increasing leaf salt gland density and salt secretion ability, and reduce ROS content so that it can promote L. bicolor growth. 6-benzyl adenine (6-BA) is an artificial cytokinin and has been widely applied to improving plant adaptation to stress. However, it is rarely reported that 6-BA alleviates salt damage of halophytes. In this paper, we treated Limonium bicolor seedlings, a recretohalophyte with high medicinal and ornamental values, with 300 mM NaCl and different concentrations of 6-BA (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg/L) and measured plant growth, physiological index, the density of salt gland, and the salt secretion ability of leaves. The results showed that exogenous applications 1.0 mg/L 6-BA significantly improved plant growth and photosynthesis, increased cytokinin and auxins contents, K+ and organic soluble matter contents, the activities of SOD, CAT, APX, and POD, and decreased Na+, H2O2, and O2- contents compared to that treated with 300 mM NaCl. Further research showed that exogenous 6-BA significantly increased the density of salt gland and the salt secretion ability of leaves by upregulating the expression of the salt gland developmental genes, therefore, can secrete more excess Na+, and thus reduces the Na+ concentration in leaves, which can alleviate Na+ damage to the species. In all, exogenous 1.0 mg/L 6-BA can increase endogenous hormone, improve photosynthesis, decrease Na+ by increasing secretion ability, and reduce ROS content of L. bicolor so that it can improve the growth. These results above systematically prove the new role of 6-BA in salt tolerance of L. bicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fanxia Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Aijuan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Xueting Hou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hai Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, 257000, China.
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Gao S, Chen S, Yang M, Wu J, Chen S, Li H. Mining salt stress-related genes in Spartina alterniflora via analyzing co-evolution signal across 365 plant species using phylogenetic profiling. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:291-302. [PMID: 38106430 PMCID: PMC10721760 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing number of sequenced species, phylogenetic profiling (PP) has become a powerful method to predict functional genes based on co-evolutionary information. However, its potential in plant genomics has not yet been fully explored. In this context, we combined the power of machine learning and PP to identify salt stress-related genes in a halophytic grass, Spartina alterniflora, using evolutionary information generated from 365 plant species. Our results showed that the genes highly co-evolved with known salt stress-related genes are enriched in biological processes of ion transport, detoxification and metabolic pathways. For ion transport, five identified genes coding two sodium and three potassium transporters were validated to be able to uptake Na+. In addition, we identified two orthologs of trichome-related AtR3-MYB genes, SaCPC1 and SaCPC2, which may be involved in salinity responses. Genes co-evolved with SaCPCs were enriched in functions related to the circadian rhythm and abiotic stress responses. Overall, this work demonstrates the feasibility of mining salt stress-related genes using evolutionary information, highlighting the potential of PP as a valuable tool for plant functional genomics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-023-00125-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024 China
| | - Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024 China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024 China
| | - Maogeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024 China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Jinran Wu
- The Institute for Learning Sciences and Teacher Education, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD 4001 Australia
| | - Shihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular & Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005 China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
- Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024 China
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17
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Zhang C, Zhu Z, Jiang A, Liu Q, Chen M. Genome-wide identification of the mitogen-activated kinase gene family from Limonium bicolor and functional characterization of LbMAPK2 under salt stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:565. [PMID: 37964233 PMCID: PMC10647163 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are ubiquitous signal transduction components in eukaryotes. In plants, MAPKs play an essential role in growth and development, phytohormone regulation, and abiotic stress responses. The typical recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor (Bunge) Kuntze has multicellular salt glands on its stems and leaves; these glands secrete excess salt ions from its cells to mitigate salt damage. The number, type, and biological function of L. bicolor MAPK genes are unknown. RESULTS We identified 20 candidate L. bicolor MAPK genes, which can be divided into four groups. Of these 20 genes, 17 were anchored to 7 chromosomes, while LbMAPK18, LbMAPK19, and LbMAPK20 mapped to distinct scaffolds. Structure analysis showed that the predicted protein LbMAPK19 contains the special structural motif TNY in its activation loop, whereas the other LbMAPK members harbor the conserved TEY or TDY motif. The promoters of most LbMAPK genes carry cis-acting elements related to growth and development, phytohormones, and abiotic stress. LbMAPK1, LbMAPK2, LbMAPK16, and LbMAPK20 are highly expressed in the early stages of salt gland development, whereas LbMAPK4, LbMAPK5, LbMAPK6, LbMAPK7, LbMAPK11, LbMAPK14, and LbMAPK15 are highly expressed during the late stages. These 20 LbMAPK genes all responded to salt, drought and ABA stress. We explored the function of LbMAPK2 via virus-induced gene silencing: knocking down LbMAPK2 transcript levels in L. bicolor resulted in fewer salt glands, lower salt secretion ability from leaves, and decreased salt tolerance. The expression of several genes [LbTTG1 (TRANSPARENT TESTA OF GL1), LbCPC (CAPRICE), and LbGL2 (GLABRA2)] related to salt gland development was significantly upregulated in LbMAPK2 knockdown lines, while the expression of LbEGL3 (ENHANCER OF GL3) was significantly downregulated. CONCLUSION These findings increase our understanding of the LbMAPK gene family and will be useful for in-depth studies of the molecular mechanisms behind salt gland development and salt secretion in L. bicolor. In addition, our analysis lays the foundation for exploring the biological functions of MAPKs in an extreme halophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Aijuan Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Shandong, 250014, China.
- Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, No. 2 Kangyang Road, Dongying, Shandong, 257000, China.
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Zhao B, Zhou Y, Jiao X, Wang X, Wang B, Yuan F. Bracelet salt glands of the recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor: Distribution, morphology, and induction. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:950-966. [PMID: 36453195 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes complete their life cycles in saline environments. The recretohalophyte Limonium bicolor has evolved a specialized salt secretory structure, the salt gland, which excretes Na+ to avoid salt damage. Typical L. bicolor salt glands consist of 16 cells with four fluorescent foci and four secretory pores. Here, we describe a special type of salt gland at the base of the L. bicolor leaf petiole named bracelet salt glands due to their beaded-bracelet-like shape of blue auto-fluorescence. Bracelet salt glands contain more than 16 cells and more than four secretory pores. Leaf disc secretion measurements and non-invasive micro-test techniques indicated that bracelet salt glands secrete more salt than normal salt glands, which helps maintain low Na+ levels at the leaf blade to protect the leaf. Cytokinin treatment induced bracelet salt gland differentiation, and the developed ones showed no further differentiation when traced with a living fluorescence microscopy imager, even though new salt gland development and leaf expansion were observed. Transcriptome revealed a NAC transcription factor gene that participates in bracelet salt gland development, as confirmed by its genome editing and overexpression in L. bicolor. These findings shed light on bracelet salt gland development and may facilitate the engineering of salt-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Yingli Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Xiangmei Jiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, China
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19
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Liu JN, Fang H, Liang Q, Dong Y, Wang C, Yan L, Ma X, Zhou R, Lang X, Gai S, Wang L, Xu S, Yang KQ, Wu D. Genomic analyses provide insights into the evolution and salinity adaptation of halophyte Tamarix chinensis. Gigascience 2022; 12:giad053. [PMID: 37494283 PMCID: PMC10370455 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The woody halophyte Tamarix chinensis is a pioneer tree species in the coastal wetland ecosystem of northern China, exhibiting high resistance to salt stress. However, the genetic information underlying salt tolerance in T. chinensis remains to be seen. Here we present a genomic investigation of T. chinensis to elucidate the underlying mechanism of its high resistance to salinity. RESULTS Using a combination of PacBio and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture data, a chromosome-level T. chinensis genome was assembled with a size of 1.32 Gb and scaffold N50 of 110.03 Mb. Genome evolution analyses revealed that T. chinensis significantly expanded families of HAT and LIMYB genes. Whole-genome and tandem duplications contributed to the expansion of genes associated with the salinity adaptation of T. chinensis. Transcriptome analyses were performed on root and shoot tissues during salt stress and recovery, and several hub genes responding to salt stress were identified. WRKY33/40, MPK3/4, and XBAT31 were critical in responding to salt stress during early exposure, while WRKY40, ZAT10, AHK4, IRX9, and CESA4/8 were involved in responding to salt stress during late stress and recovery. In addition, PER7/27/57/73 encoding class III peroxidase and MCM3/4/5/7 encoding DNA replication licensing factor maintained up/downregulation during salt stress and recovery stages. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here reveal the genetic mechanisms underlying salt adaptation in T. chinensis, thus providing important genomic resources for evolutionary studies on tamarisk and plant salt tolerance genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ning Liu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Hongcheng Fang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Qiang Liang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuhui Dong
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Changxi Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Liping Yan
- Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xinmei Ma
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xinya Lang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shasha Gai
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Lichang Wang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shengyi Xu
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ke Qiang Yang
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in the Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Shandong Taishan Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Dejun Wu
- Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan 250014, China
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20
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Jiao X, Zhao B, Wang B, Yuan F. An uncharacterized gene Lb1G04794 from Limonium bicolor promotes salt tolerance and trichome development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1079534. [PMID: 36570955 PMCID: PMC9773991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1079534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Halophytes can grow and reproduce in high-salinity environments, making them an important reservoir of genes conferring salt tolerance. With the expansion of saline soils worldwide, exploring the mechanisms of salt tolerance in halophytes and improving the salt tolerance of crops have become increasingly urgent. Limonium bicolor is a halophyte with salt glands that secrete excess Na+ through leaves. Here, we identified an uncharacterized gene Lb1G04794, which showed increased expression after NaCl treatment and was high during salt gland development in L. bicolor. Overexpression of Lb1G04794 in L. bicolor showed promoted salt gland development, indicating that this gene may promote salt gland differentiation. Transgenic Arabidopsis strains overexpressing Lb1G04794 showed increased trichomes and decreased root hairs under normal conditions. Compared with wild type (WT), root growth in the transgenic lines was less inhibited by NaCl treatment. Transgenic seedlings accumulated less fresh/dry weight reductions under long-term salt treatment, accompanied by lower Na+ and malondialdehyde accumulation than WT, indicating that these transgenic lines behave better growth and undergo less cellular damage under NaCl stress. These results were consistent with the low expression levels of salt-tolerance marker genes in the transgenic lines upon salt stress. We conclude that the unknown gene Lb1G04794 positively regulated salt gland development, and promoted salt tolerance of Arabidopsis, offering a new direction for improving salt tolerance of non-halophytes and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fang Yuan
- *Correspondence: Baoshan Wang, ; Fang Yuan,
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21
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Mu H, Wang B, Yuan F. Bioinformatics in Plant Breeding and Research on Disease Resistance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3118. [PMID: 36432847 PMCID: PMC9696050 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the context of plant breeding, bioinformatics can empower genetic and genomic selection to determine the optimal combination of genotypes that will produce a desired phenotype and help expedite the isolation of these new varieties. Bioinformatics is also instrumental in collecting and processing plant phenotypes, which facilitates plant breeding. Robots that use automated and digital technologies to collect and analyze different types of information to monitor the environment in which plants grow, analyze the environmental stresses they face, and promptly optimize suboptimal and adverse growth conditions accordingly, have helped plant research and saved human resources. In this paper, we describe the use of various bioinformatics databases and algorithms and explore their potential applications in plant breeding and for research on plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fang Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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22
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Han G, Qiao Z, Li Y, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Guo J, Liu L, Wang C, Wang B. LbMYB48 positively regulates salt gland development of Limonium bicolor and salt tolerance of plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1039984. [PMID: 36388592 PMCID: PMC9644043 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1039984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Limonium bicolor is a dicotyledonous recretohalophyte with several multicellular salt glands on the leaves. The plant can directly secrete excess salt onto the leaf surface through the salt glands to maintain ion homeostasis under salt stress. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the functions of genes related to salt gland development and salt tolerance. In this study, an R1-type MYB transcription factor gene was screened from L. bicolor, named LbMYB48, and its expression was strongly induced by salt stress. Subcellular localization analysis showed that LbMYB48 was localized in the nucleus. LbMYB48 protein has transcriptional activation activity shown by transcriptional activation experiments. The density of salt glands in the leaves and the salt secretion capacity of LbMYB48-silenced lines were decremented, as demonstrated by the leaf disc method to detect sodium ion secretion. Furthermore, salt stress index experiments revealed that the ability of LbMYB48-silenced lines to resist salt stress was significantly reduced. LbMYB48 regulates salt gland development and salt tolerance in L. bicolor mainly by regulating the expression of epidermal cell development related genes such as LbCPC-like and LbDIS3 and salt stress-related genes (LbSOSs, LbRLKs, and LbGSTs) as demonstrated by RNA-seq analysis of LbMYB48-silenced lines. The heterologous over-expression of LbMYB48 in Arabidopsis thaliana improves salt tolerance of plants by stabilizing ion and osmotic balance and is likely to be involved in the abscisic acid signaling pathway. Therefore, LbMYB48, a transcriptional activator regulates the salt gland development of L. bicolor and salt tolerance of L. bicolor and A. thaliana.
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23
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Qiao X, Zhang S, Paterson AH. Pervasive genome duplications across the plant tree of life and their links to major evolutionary innovations and transitions. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3248-3256. [PMID: 35782740 PMCID: PMC9237934 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) has occurred repeatedly during plant evolution and diversification, providing genetic layers for evolving new functions and phenotypes. Advances in long-read sequencing technologies have enabled sequencing and assembly of over 1000 plant genomes spanning nearly 800 species, in which a large set of ancient WGDs has been uncovered. Here, we review the recently reported WGDs that occurred in major plant lineages and key evolutionary positions, and highlight their contributions to morphological innovation and adaptive evolution. Current gaps and challenges in integrating enormous volumes of sequenced plant genomes, accurately inferring WGDs, and developing web-based analysis tools are emphasized. Looking to the future, ambitious genome sequencing projects and global efforts may substantially recapitulate the plant tree of life based on broader sampling of phylogenetic diversity, reveal much of the timetable of ancient WGDs, and address the biological significance of WGDs in plant adaptation and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Andrew H. Paterson
- Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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