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Postnikov EB, Wasiak M, Bartoszek M, Polak J, Zyubin A, Lavrova AI, Chora̧żewski M. Accessing Properties of Molecular Compounds Involved in Cellular Metabolic Processes with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Raman Spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Molecules 2023; 28:6417. [PMID: 37687246 PMCID: PMC10490169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we review some physical methods of macroscopic experiments, which have been recently argued to be promising for the acquisition of valuable characteristics of biomolecular structures and interactions. The methods we focused on are electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. They were chosen since it can be shown that they are able to provide a mutually complementary picture of the composition of cellular envelopes (with special attention paid to mycobacteria), transitions between their molecular patterning, and the response to biologically active substances (reactive oxygen species and their antagonists-antioxidants-as considered in our case study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene B. Postnikov
- Theoretical Physics Department, Kursk State University, Radishcheva St. 33, 305000 Kursk, Russia
| | - Michał Wasiak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Lódź, ul. Pomorska 165, 90-236 Lódź, Poland;
| | - Mariola Bartoszek
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Justyna Polak
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (M.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Andrey Zyubin
- Sophya Kovalevskaya North-West Mathematical Research Center, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Nevskogo St. 14, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (A.Z.); (A.I.L.)
| | - Anastasia I. Lavrova
- Sophya Kovalevskaya North-West Mathematical Research Center, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Nevskogo St. 14, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia; (A.Z.); (A.I.L.)
- Saint-Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Ligovskiy Prospect 2-4, 194064 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mirosław Chora̧żewski
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland; (M.B.); (J.P.)
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Chen S, Sun X, Fu M, Liu X, Pang S, You Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Yan X, Ma X. Dual-source powered nanomotor with integrated functions for cancer photo-theranostics. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121744. [PMID: 35999081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While the miniaturization and motility of artificial nanomotors made them popular tools for exploring novel and innovative biomedical cancer treatment strategies, the integration of multiple functions on the small motor bodies is key to achieve further progress but remains unresolved. Here, we propose a dual-source powered Janus nanomotor whose composition integrates multiple photo-theranostic functions such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing, fluorescence imaging/photoacoustic imaging (PAI), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT). This nanomotor can be fabricated by sputtering a thin gold layer onto one side of mesoporous silica (mSiO2) combined with surface modification by photo-sensitizer, Raman reporter, and catalase. Upon illumination with 808 nm near-infrared light, the half-coated gold nanoshell serves as PAI/PTT agent, and by upconverting NIR to visible light, the pre-loaded photosensitizer can be excited by the upconverted light of UCNPs to convert the dissolved oxygen (O2) into reactive oxygen species for efficient PDT. Furthermore, ratiometric SERS signal can be captured to quantitatively detect the tumor marker, H2O2, in cellular microenvironments. The immobilized catalase as a nano-engine can catalyze endogenous H2O2 to O2. This function not only improves the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and therefore enhances PDT efficiency, but also provides a thrust force for deep penetration. As a proof of concept for the in vivo trial we performed cancer photo-theranostics where our nanomotors successfully treated a mouse breast tumor in a subcutaneous tumor model. The results are promising and encourage the use of an integrated nanomotor platform that could be further developed into a photo-theranostic agent for superficial cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Mingming Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shiyao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yongqiang You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaojia Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Xing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Sauvage Laboratory for Smart Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, No.9 Duxue Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Fernandes AC, Petersen B, Møller L, Gernaey KV, Krühne U. Caught in-between: System for in-flow inactivation of enzymes as an intermediary step in "plug-and-play" microfluidic platforms. N Biotechnol 2018; 47:39-49. [PMID: 29684658 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The need for fast and comprehensive characterization of biocatalysts has pushed the development of new screening platforms based on microfluidics, capable of monitoring several parameters simultaneously, with new configurations of liquid handling, sample treatment and sensing. Modular microfluidics allows the integration of these newly developed approaches in a more flexible way towards increasing applicability of the microfluidic chips to different types of biocatalysts and reactions. A highly relevant operation in such a system is biocatalyst inactivation, which can enable the precise control of reaction time by avoiding the continuation of the reaction in another module or connecting tubes. Such control is important when different modules of reactors and/or sensing units are used and changed frequently. Here we describe the development, characterization and application of a module for rapid enzyme inactivation. The thermal inactivation platform developed is compared with a standard benchtop ThermoMixer in terms of inactivation efficiency for glucose oxidase and catalase. A higher activity loss was observed for enzyme inactivation under flow conditions (inactivation achieved at 120 s residence time at 338 K and 20 s residence time at 353 K) which indicated a high heat transfer to the fluid under dynamic conditions. Moreover, partial deactivation of the enzymes was observed for the continuous thermal inactivation module, when activity measurements were performed after 1 and 2 days following inactivation. The thermal inactivation unit presented can be easily integrated into modular microfluidic platforms and can be a useful addition for enzyme characterization and screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Fernandes
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Benjamin Petersen
- Kemiteknik Workshop, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars Møller
- Kemiteknik Workshop, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Krühne
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Nosworthy NJ, Ho JPY, Kondyurin A, McKenzie DR, Bilek MMM. The attachment of catalase and poly-l-lysine to plasma immersion ion implantation-treated polyethylene. Acta Biomater 2007; 3:695-704. [PMID: 17420161 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 12/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) treatment of polyethylene increased the functional attachment of catalase and increased the retention of enzyme activity in comparison to untreated controls. The attached protein was not removed by SDS or NaOH, while that on the untreated surfaces was easily removed. Poly-l-lysine was found to attach in a similar way to the treated surface and could not be removed by NaOH, while it did not attach to the untreated surface. This indicates that a new binding mechanism, covalent in nature, is introduced by the plasma treatment. Surfaces treated with PIII maintained the catalase activity more effectively than surfaces plasma treated without PIII. The PIII-treated surface was hydrophilic compared to the untreated surface and retained its hydrophilic character better than surfaces subjected to a conventional plasma treatment process. The strong modification of a deeper region of the polymer than for conventional plasma treatments is believed to be responsible for both the enhanced hydrophilic character and for the increase in functional lifetime of the attached protein. The results show that PIII treatment of polymers increases their usefulness for protein microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Nosworthy
- Applied and Plasma Physics, School of Physics (A28), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Steel BC, McKenzie DR, Bilek MMM, Nosworthy NJ, dos Remedios CG. Nanosecond responses of proteins to ultra-high temperature pulses. Biophys J 2006; 91:L66-8. [PMID: 16844754 PMCID: PMC1557564 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.106.090944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Observations of fast unfolding events in proteins are typically restricted to <100 degrees C. We use a novel apparatus to heat and cool enzymes within tens of nanoseconds to temperatures well in excess of the boiling point. The nanosecond temperature spikes are too fast to allow water to boil but can affect protein function. Spikes of 174 degrees C for catalase and approximately 290 degrees C for horseradish peroxidase are required to produce irreversible loss of enzyme activity. Similar temperature spikes have no effect when restricted to 100 degrees C or below. These results indicate that the "speed limit" for the thermal unfolding of large proteins is shorter than 10(-8) s. The unfolding rate at high temperature is consistent with extrapolation of low temperature rates over 12 orders of magnitude using the Arrhenius relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley C Steel
- School of Physics and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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